Design Interventions For Green Buildings2015/03/16 · Design Interventions For Green Buildings...
Transcript of Design Interventions For Green Buildings2015/03/16 · Design Interventions For Green Buildings...
Design Interventions For Green Buildings
Workshop on
‘Use of Green Technologies in Real Estate’Indian Habitat Centre, New Delhi
17.03.2015
1
2
How can we make a sustainable and affordable project without
compromising on FSI and without increasing the cost?
Sustainability a passion or a business sense?
CONTENT
• Sustainability Potential in Master- Planning
• Case Study: Residential Township, Boisar
– Sustainability Interventions: Zoning
– Sustainability Interventions: Water
– Sustainability Interventions: Energy
– Sustainability Interventions: Solid-Waste
Management
– Ratings and Certification
• Inferences
3
4
Integrated Community
Infrastructure / Landscape
Traffic Planning
Sustainable Building
Integrated water management
Sustainable Energy Planning
Eco friendly Building Materials
Solid waste Management
SUSTAINABILITY POTENTIAL
5
CASE STUDY: RESIDENTIAL TOWNSHIP, MAYURESH BUILDERS (BOISAR, MAHARASHTRA)
6
CASE STUDY: RESIDENTIAL TOWNSHIP, MAYURESH BUILDERS (BOISAR, MAHARASHTRA)
Original Plan Proposed Development
Opportunities for Improvement:
• Planning Efficiencies
• Optimizing zoning and Ground coverage
• Efficient road network and drive ways
• Water, energy and solid waste system planning
• Introducing other sustainability elements
Cluster Planning:
• Creation of distinct clusters with open spaces within cluster
• Introduced a new row house product around the central green
• Decentralized infrastructure
Central Green:• Common large central green for
community interactions• All open spaces connected
through a green corridor• Every house will has a green
view
7
8
SUSTAINABILITY INTERVENTIONS: ZONING
Creation of cluster greens and open space act as breathing spaces for such dense developments
9
• Stilt parking for 50% of the buildings• Minimum drive ways (reduced roads and
pathways)• Linear green spaces without vehicular
movement
10
Facades that require shading
April 1pm-5pm under shade
Landscape is designed to:
• Consume less water.• Shade the necessary building façade• Create interesting space for interaction• Shade the walkways• Support the grey water treatment system• Encourage people to use walkways• Respond the climate and season
The building blocks are climate responsive:
• Sun path analysis• Building orientation• Improvised day lighting• Improved natural ventilation• Thermal insulation
11
• Climate analysis:
– Building Orientation
– Building positioning
• Shadow analysis:– Landscape design
– Protection from weather
• Cluster based approach:– Efficient use of smaller spaces
– Hierarchy of open spaces
– Decentralized infrastructure
– Green corridor
– Increased community interaction opportunities
Jogging track of: 2.5 Km
Community space: Central, Each Cluster
Additional ventilation: 30%
Shaded pathways: 100%
Improved product mix, increased day light, increased ventilation, elderly friendly and pedestrian safe master planning & architectural improvements have brought quality enhancement and value to the project
Enhanced Product Quality:
VALUE CREATION: ZONING
SUSTAINABILITY INTERVENTIONS: WATER
12
Key Objectives
• Future water security
• Grid independence
• Minimization of fresh water consumption
• Decentralized infrastructure leading to cost optimization
Water Budgeting and Balancing
Scientific investigations
Rain-water harvesting
Waste water treatment (low-maintenance)
Storm water management
Wastewater reuse/disposal
Key Themes
13
SUSTAINABILITY INTERVENTIONS: WATER
Integrated Water Management
Uses & Demand
Supply Source
Socio Economic
Perspective
Stream, ponds, lakes
Water Quality
Losses:•Transmission•Evapo-transpiration•System
Others
Storm Water Management
Rain Water Harvesting
Municipal Water
Waste Water
Surface Water
Ground Water
Precipitation
Sedim
ent
Erosio
n
Co
ntro
l
Safe Discharge
WW Treatment
Waste Water (Black/Grey)
Disposal
Data Needs:
•Meteorological Data
•Geological Data
•Topography
•Area
•Reuse Purpose
Demand Management•Low Flow Fixtures•Metering•Water Pricing•Saving Tips
Balancing
MappingKitchen
Cooling
Landscape
Washing
Bathing
Miscellaneous
Type of Use
Occupancy
Project Features
Demand Quantification
Recycled
14
TOTAL ANNUAL WATER BALANCE: ALL Phases
APPLICATION
DEMAND SOURCE OF WATER
CUMGovernment
SupplyGround*
WaterSurface Water
Recycle WaterGrey Black
Drinking & Cooking 16,754 0 16,754
Washing Utensils 16,754 4,358 12,396
Bathing 75,391 75,391
Washing Clothes 41,884 41,884 0
Lifestyle 3,449 3,449
Flushing 75,391 75,391 75,391
School 4,050 0 4,050
Club house 7,539 0 7,539
Market Area 460 0 460
Swimming Pool 8,575 8,575
Landscaping 21,634 21,634
Plantation 3,600 3,600
Water Feature( channels) 11,567 11,567
Annual Requirement 287,047 200,473 49,773 0 112,192 0Supply Requirements 315,751 220,520 54,750 0 123,411 0
Annual Availability 315,751 220,520 54,750 650 131,096 0
Excess water for Disposal 0 7,685 0
Water Demand (KLD):
Residential: 300 (Fresh water : 221, Flushing : 79)
Landscape & Others: 117
Total :417
Water Sourcing (KLD):
Ground Water: 150Government Supply: 83Treated Waste Water: 184
Total: 417
Phase I: Water dependence on municipal supply has been reduced to 83 KLD which is expected to further reduce with improvements in ground water quality and quantity due to rain water harvesting
Phase I
WATER BALANCING
15
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
• Hydrological Analysis
• Geo-physical Investigation
– Electrical resistivity test
– Groundwater quality analysis
• GIS based mapping & analysis
Geo-electric Resistivity Test Point Location Soil Typology
Salinity Test Ground Water DepthPotential Yield Test
16
A low operating cost waste water treatment scheme which blends well with landscape
• 100% grey water treatment by Natural system
• Treated water reuse for
– 100% toilet flushing and
– 100% gardening requirements
• Septic tanks followed by STP for ‘Black’ water
WASTE WATER TREATMENT
17
• The system is designed such that runoff water flows through perforated channels, recharges groundwater and the surplus flow exits the site from the N-E corner, South and S-W corner in to natural drains
• No part of the development should be flooded
Key Features:
•Storm water channels act as recharge channels (perforations at bed)
•The storm network is an open grass swale sections network and road crossings in pipes
•Rainwater runoff (during monsoon season) and treated ‘grey’ water (during other seasons) shall be used to maintain the water feature
•Incorporates silt traps and flood prevention measures
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
18
RAIN WATER HARVESTING
RWH System:
• 40 % of total runoff from site
• 100 % of roof top runoff
RWH Structures:
• 10 recharge bore wells (injection wells)
• 30 recharge shafts
• 25 recharge pits (along drainage channel)
• Central water body
19
• Demand/Supply & Balancing
• Storm Water Management:
– No flooding
– Detention pond
– Rain Water Harvesting Strategy
• Grass swales
• Dug wells
• Injection wells
• Decentralized Waste Water Treatment:
– Localized reuse
– Localized disposal
• Water Sourcing & Distribution
– Water security
– Decentralized distribution
Enhanced Product Quality:
Reduction in demand: 30%
Dependency on municipal supply: 25%
Freshwater use for landscape & flushing: 0%
Rooftop rainwater harvesting: 100%
Total Rainfall harvesting: 43%
Grey water treatment & reuse: 100%
Conventional practice:
• 100% recharge by injection wells• Centralized waste water treatment• Centralized water supply by gravity• Dual plumbing for water supply
VALUE CREATION: WATER MANAGEMENT
20
ParticularIncremental Capital
Cost (Rs/sft)Cost savings in O&M
(Rs/sft/yr)
Waste water treatment 0 -2.14
Decentralized waste water treatment -2.32 -
Grass swales for storm water -4.24 -
Water Distribution scheme -2.44 Marginal savings
Water efficient fixtures* 0 -0.35
Reuse of water* 0 -0.93
Rain Water Harvesting Scheme -8.15 -
Detention Pond 1.96 0.1
Cost of black water collection & Disposal 6.52 -
Decentralized irrigation system -0.37 Marginal Savings
Total -9.04 -3.32
•O&M saving in terms of fresh water cost only•** Total Built-Up Area: 30,6874 sft
COST IMPACT OF WATER MEASURES
21
Measure Value
Net Saving in Capital Investment 27.7 lakh (9.04 Rs./sqft)
Net saving in Maintenance Cost 10.2 lakhs per yr (3.32 Rs/sqft/yr)
Cumulative Effect of all Measures
Additional Benefits:• Increased water security• Valuable inputs for GW quality and recharge requirements• A zero water requirement/discharge potential site• Enhanced redundancies & lesser dependence on back up power for water distribution
(due to increased storage)• Most economic utilization of small spaces in parcels and savings in dedicated areas• Reduced impermeable area • Reduced heat island effect• Ease of phasing due modularity of solutions• Better risk mitigation
SUSTAINABILITY INTERVENTIONS: ENERGY
22
1
• Base case identification
• Load calculation and sizing with conventional equipment and energy-supply options, with broad estimate of capital and operation expenditure
2
• Identification of sustainable energy goals
• Enlisting sustainability guidelines to meet the goals
3
• Options analysis
• Introduction of different sustainability measures, including Energy Efficient and Renewable Energy options to meet the sustainability goals
4
• Sustainability impact measurement
• Measuring the impact of sustainability measures on load calculation and infrastructure sizing
• Carrying out the cost benefit analysis of the sustainability measures
5
• Proposed case identification and revision of calculations
• Finalization of the proposed measures
• Revised load and equipment sizing
Process
23
Final transformer size reduced from 3,250 KVA to 2,360 KVA due to energy efficiency measures
Unit Type Base-case kW Revised kW % Load Reduction
1 BHK 5.5 2.5 54%
2 BHK 8.0 5.0 37%
3 BHK, Twin Bungalows 10.0 7.0 30%
Base Case Energy Efficient Case
Interior & exterior lighting with T8 lamps+ magnetic ballast
Interior & exterior lighting with T5 lamps + electronic ballast
Conventional inefficient fans in houses Efficient BEE star rated fans in houses
Electric geysers in houses Solar water heaters for all houses (~25%)
Conventional non-star rated electric equipments
BEE star rated air conditioners in houses
Conventional grid electricity based street lights
Solar powered street lights
Inverter for internal load back-up Inverter for internal load back-up
Overall load reduction of 27%
24
• More than 25% Renewable Energy:
– Solar Water Heater
– Solar Street Lighting
– Solar Power back
• Energy Efficient Equipment:
– Lighting and Fan (Internal)
– Energy Efficient Air-conditioner
– Energy Efficient External Lighting
Enhanced Product Quality:
Reduction in per house load: ~2kW
Transformer Capacity: 900 kVA (27%)
Inverter Capacity: 89 kVA (25%)
VALUE CREATION: ENERGY MANAGEMENT
• Load reduction and renewable energy systems useful in areas with regular power-cuts• Higher capital costs for energy efficient equipment recovered through reduced operation and
maintenance costs
25
Particular
Incremental Capital Cost by
Developer (Rs/sft)
Incremental Capital Cost by
Individuals (Rs/sft)
Incremental Common
Maintenance Cost (Rs/sft/yr)
Incremental Operation Cost for
Individuals (Rs/sft/yr)
Solar Water Heater 22.4 -5.8 2.2 -5.3
EE Lighting and Fans (Internal)
- -1.6 - -6.9
Energy-efficient Air-conditioner
- 4.8 - -2.4
EE Lighting (External) 0 0.26 -0.86 0
Solar Street Lighting 0.4 - -0.05 0
Total 22.8 -2.34 1.29 -14.6
COST IMPACT OF ENERGY MEASURES
26
SUSTAINABILITY INTERVENTIONS: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Household
Landscape
Sources
School
Commercial
Hospital/ Medical
Bio Degradable
Bio Fuel
E-Waste
Recyclable
Bio-Medical
Type
Composting
On Site Bio Energy
Off siteDisposal
Recycle
Treatment
OWC
Incinerator
VermiComposting
Selling
Options
On Site Compost
On Site Bio Energy
End Use
Municipal Landfill
Construction Waste
For use in Activated
Carbon Filter
Collection by designated
firms
27
Landfill Refuge
ReceptionSelection
tablePre - selection of
bulky objects
Grinding of predominantly organic
fraction
Recyclable Material Recoverable
Material
Compost curing piles Storage of composted ground material
SievingRefuse
Organic Preparation (Compost)
876 kg/day(100%)131 kg/day
(15%)
333 kg/day(38%)
666 kg/day(76%)
131 kg/day(15%)
35 kg/day(Humidity
Loss)(04%)
110 kg/day(12.6%)
44 kg/day(05%) 22 kg/day
(2.5%)
701 kg/day(80%)
109 kg/day(12.5%)
832 kg/day(95%)
22 kg/day(2.5%)
22 kg/day(2.5%)
333 kg/day(38%)
67 kg/day(7.6%)
67 kg/day(7.6%)
266 kg/day(30.4%)
Loss of MatterHeat + CO2+Water
SUSTAINABLE WASTE COLLECTION & MANAGEMENT SYSTEM : BOISAR (PHASE 1)
28
• Centralized Collection
• Centralized Sorting
• Local reseller program
• Vermi-composting
Waste leaving for landfill: 5%
Recoverable material: 15%
Compost: 30%
• Developer will spend ~35 lakh for this initiative• It is a quality value addition to the project as currently there is no comprehensive solid waste
management plan in the area- leading to unattended waste
VALUE CREATION: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Enhanced Product Quality:
IGBC GREEN HOMES RATING
29
Credit Category Possible Points Attempting
Site Selection & Planning 9 9
Water Efficiency 20 18
Energy Efficiency 21 17
Materials 12 9
Indoor Environment Quality 7 9
Innovation & Design Process 4 4
Total 75 64
• Sustainability interventions at Master-Planning level make it easier to achieve higher ratings for Green Homes Certification
30
• Sustainability is far more cost effective when incorporated at the design stage itself
• Numerous sustainability initiatives help reduce capital expenditure
• Many solutions are cost neutral or have reasonable payback periods
• By leveraging cost reduction in some areas, investment can be increased in others to be net neutral on upfront costs
SUSTAINABLE IS ALSO AFFORDABLE
INFERENCES