DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A GROUNDNUT OIL EXTRACTOR

BY IBRAHIM SADIQ ABUBAKAR

2003/15579 EM

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA NIGER STATE

NOVEMBER, 2008.

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this project presented in partial fulfillment for the requirement

of the award of Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng) degree has not been presented before

either wholly or partially for any degree elsewhere. Information hereby obtained from

published and unpublished work of others are acknowledged accordingly.

I1ro-k~ 5Qclt:} Na-~ Name of Student Signature and Date

III

DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to Almigbty Allah for his love, guidance and most of all

inspiration through out my stay in this school, and to the entire member of my family.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express to my sincere gratitude to God almighty for his mercies and

compassion throughout the period of my study.

My sincere gratitude goes to my supervisor Dr.V.O Oguwagwu for his attention,

useful suggestion and advice which lead to the successful accomplishment of this work.

My profound gratitude goes to my parent Mr. and Mrs. Ibrahim Sule for their

immeasurable positive contribution and Ulconvenience they had to bear because I have to

acquire University education. I will not fail to appreciate my siblings; Aisha, Hadiza,

Muktar, Habiba, Zainab, Habib, Rashida, Abdulkadir, Abdulhamid, Bashir and Rahma,

thank for your lovely support.

Friends in need they say are friends in deed,my gratitude goes to Nura[Abacha],

Albanna, Iboro (catalyst), Henry, Kekere, Maimuna, Gloria, Osamu, Kelly, Igbax (third

term), TKG, Yemi (Emily), Kunle, Stretch, Ehis, Nas(mech), Sule and Nas (india),

Idris(chem.), Hassan(elect), Ibro, Aminu , Muri and others that can not be mentioned due

to lack of space for their various contribution, I look forward to see you all at the top!

The concern and contribution of the following persons are also acknowled, the

families of Mr & Mrs Muhammed Hassan,Mr & Mrs Isiaka Yunusa, Mr &Mrs Shehu

Adama, Mr & Mrs Obarafor,causins, Aunties and uncles for their unflinching support.

Finally to the entire staff of Mechanical Engineering department for the knowledge and

training impacted on me.

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ABSTRACT

This project covers the work carried out during the design and construction of a

motorized groundnut oil extracting machine. It was constructed to improve on the

traditional method of groundnut oil extraction which has a low efficiency in terms of oil

recovery, and a high labour intensiveness.

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-TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ II

Declaratioll ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ III

A P P roval ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I V

Oed ication ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ v

Acknowledgement --------------------------------------------------------------------------- VI

Abstract ---------------------------------------------------------------------- --- ----------- VII

Tab Ie 0 f Con ten ts ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- V III

Table of Figures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- XII

List 0 f Tab I es ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ X III

NotationlNomenclature ------------------------------------------------------------------ XIV

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introd uction --------------------------------------------------------------------------- I

1.1 Aims and Objectives ------------------------------------------------------------------ 2

1.2 Scope of Work ------------------------------------------------------------------------2

1.3 Methodology ------------------------------------------------------------------ -------- 2

-CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Literature Review -------------------------------------------------------------------3

2.1 Other Method of Oil Extracting ------------------------------------------------------4

2.1.1 Traditional Method of Extraction -----------------------------------------------------4

2.1.2 Hydraulic pressing Method -------------------------------------------------------------4

2.1.3 Expeller pressing Method ------------------------------------------------------------4

2.1.4 Solvent Oi I Method ----------------------------------------------------------------5

VIII

Refining Groundnut Oil --------------------------------------------------------- 5

Problem of the above Method ---------------------------------------------------- 6

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.0 Methodology, Design Consideration and Calculations ------------------------- 7

3.1 Design Consideration and Calculations ----------------------------------------- 8

3.2 Determining the Power Requirement for the Stirrer ---------------------------- 9

3.3 The Belt and Pulley System --------------------------------------------------------- 10

3.4 The Shafts (Horizontal and Vertical) ----------------------------------------------- 15

3.5

3.5.1

Calculations for the Horizontal Shaft

Determining the Strength of the Shaft

-------------------------------------------- 16

20

3.5.2 Determining the Lateral Deflection of the Shaft -------------------------------- 22

3.5.3 Determining the Critical Speed of the Shaft -------------------------------------- 23

3.6 Calculation for the Vertical Shaft ---------------------------------------------- 23

3.7 The Gear Anal ysis ----------------------------------------------------------------- 25

3.8 The S ti rrer ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28

3.8.1 Determ in ing the Speed of the Sti rrer ------------------------------------------- 28

3.9.1 The Bearing and Nuts ---------------------------------------------------------- 30

3.10 Determining the Design Capacity of the Mach ine -------------------------- 33

CHAPTER FOUR: MATERIAL SELECTION AND TESTING

4.0 Material Selection, Costing and Testing --------------------------------------- 34

4.1

4.2

4.2.1

Material Selection -------------------------------------------------------------- 34

Constructi on Detai Is -------------------------------------------------------------- 34

Frame 0 f Mach i ne -------------------------------------------------------------- 34

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4.2.2 Shafts, Adjuster and Pulleys ---------------------------------------------------- 34

4.2.3 Be I t ------------------------------~---------------------------------------------- 35

4.2.4 Gears

4.2.5 Stirrer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35

4.2.6 Open Vessel (Container)

4.3

4.3.1

Material Costing

Material Cost

4.3.2 Labour Cost

4.3.3

4.4

4.4.1

4.4.2

Over Head Cost

Testing, Result and Discussion oLResults ---------------------------------

Preparation of the Groundnut Paste -------------------------------------------

Test Procedure

4.4.3 Results of Extraction

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35

35

37

37

38

38

38

38

4.4.4 Discussion of Results ------------------------------------------------------------ 40

4.5 Observation 40

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation --------------------------------------------- 41

5.1 Conclusion ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 41

5.2 Recommendation -------------------------------------------------------------- 41

RE FEREN CES ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 42

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Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

Figure 3.3

Figure 3.4

Figure 3.5

Figure 3.6

Figure 3.7

Figure 3.8

LIST OF FIGURES

Schematic drawing of the Groundnut Oil Extractor

Cross-Section of V-Belt -

Arrangement of the Pulleys and Adjuster

Free Body diagram of Forces acting on Horizontal Shaft

Diagram of Shear Force and Bending Moment

Gear System in Mesh

Forces Acting on Pinion

Stirrer Acting as a Centrifuge

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Table 3.1

Table 4.1

Table 4.2

LIST OF TABLES

Determination of Shear Force and Bending Moment occurring on the Horizontal Shaft

Material Costing

Groundnut Variety Comparisll1

XII