Design and Development of Reciprocating Pump using Human Power

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IPASJ International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (IIJME)Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJME/IIJME.htm

A Publisher for Research Motivation........ Email: [email protected]

Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015 ISSN 2321-6441

Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015

ABSTRACT

Throughout history, human energy has generally been applied through the use of the arms, hands. It was only with

the invention of the bicycle, that legs also began to be considered as a normal means of developing power from

human muscles. The main use of pedal power today is still for bicycling, at least in the high-power range. In the

lower-power range there are a number of uses of pedal power for agriculture, construction, water pumping, and

electrical generation. That seem to be potentially advantageous, at least when electrical or internal-combustion

engine power is unavailable or very expensive. The main objective is to design & develop a machine which uses

human power as source of energy to drive the pump. It basically consists of a simple bicycle mechanism. In many

developing countries like India, the gap between the ever increasing demand of power and its generation has

prepared a daily busy schedule of load shedding (power cuts). There are millions of people in remote villages in

India who lives day to day without reliable power supply. And thus to fulfill the demand of pumping of water for

many household and agricultural purposes, spraying purposes the pump is designed.

Keywords:-Reciprocating Pump, Human Power, Pedal Mechanism, Chain Drive, Treadle

1.

INTRODUCTION The concept of this design was developed by taking in consideration the other available human powered pumps.

1. Engineers Vishal Garg, NeeleshKhandare, Gautam Yadav designed the concept of Human powered pump by using

Centrifugal pump in International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) [1].

2. Engineers Daniel Clark, Jared Smith, Dave Schroeder, Wes Hoekman have developed Pedal Operated Air-Lift Pump

(Piston Type)[2].

Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another. This is the law of

conservation of energy. Bernoulli's theorem states Energy cannot be created or destroyed. The sum of three types of

energy (heads) at any point in a system is the same in any other point in the system assuming no frictional losses or the

performance of extra work. Taking this as the source of inspiration, new innovative ideas, processes & machineries

have been developed. One of such instance is the Reciprocating pump.

By considering the above journal papers the idea of developing human powered pump using reciprocating pump came

into existence.It is a simple mechanical device built on easily available resources and based on simple technology. Though it is quite

inefficient in terms of volume of water pumped owing to various losses & wastes, it still has a good prospect of serving

in regards to continuous water supply.

1.1. Scope of Project

The core of this report is a simple machine, reciprocating pump. A reciprocating positive displacement pump is one in

which a plunger or piston displaces a given volume of fluid for each stroke. Pedalling is the most efficient way of

utilizing power from human muscles for pumping of water. A Water system includes a reciprocating pump operated by

pedalling power. The pump set and includes a housing in which a foot pedal and drive shaft rotate an eccentric pin

rotating with the drive shaft moves a connecting rod which in turn causes push rod to move linearly. The pushrod

extends into a pressure tight chamber formed above the rising main. A pump rod connected to the push-rod extends to

the conventional plunger through verified motion. Pumps are a common means of lifting water from a clean ground

water source to a useful point of access, but all pumps have moving parts and are therefore destined to break properselection of a pump will reduce undesirable downtime and will empower the local community to manage their water

source.

Design and Development of Reciprocating Pump

using Human Power

Atul Dhale1, Nilesh Wartha

2, Kailas Parab

3, Nilesh Madane

4, Nitin Fatkare

5.

1Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Shivajirao. S. Jondhale. College of Engineering,

Sonarpada, (Mumbai University) Dombivli (E) - 421204, Maharashtra, India.

2,3,4,5Students, Mechanical Engineering Department, Shivajirao. S. Jondhale. College of Engineering, Sonarpada,

(Mumbai University) Dombivli (E) - 421204, Maharashtra, India







1.2. Why we used Reciprocating Pump.

1. Simplicity of Design.

2. As compared to other pumps reciprocating pump is more efficient.

3. It requires less input RPM than other pumps.

4. Do not require priming.5. Reciprocating pump works in wide pressure range.

6. It provides elevation suction lift.

7. Chances of cavitation is not possible in reciprocating pump.

1.3. Need of Pedal Powered Pump

A person can generate four times more power (1/4 horsepower (hp)) by pedalling than by hand-cranking. At the rate of

¼ hp, continuous pedalling can be done for only short periods, about 10 minutes. However, pedalling at half this power

(1/8 hp) can be sustained for around 60 minutes. Pedal power enables a person to drive devices at the same rate as that

achieved by hand-cranking, but with far less effort and fatigue. Pedal power also lets one drive devices at a faster rate

than before or operate devices that require too much power for hand-cranking. Over the centuries, the treadle has been

the most common method of using the legs to produce power. Treadles are still common in the low-power range,

especially for sewing machines. Historically, two treadles were used for some tasks, but even then the maximum output

would have been quite small, perhaps only 0-15 percent of what an individual using pedal operated cranks can produceunder optimum conditions. However, the combination of pedals and cranks, which today seems an obvious way to

produce power.

Its affordability, ease of construction & operation make it suitable for our focus areas where factors like poverty & lack

of resources to support & sustain technology would set back the use of otherwise highly sophisticated modern devices.

1.4. Design layout on AutoCAD with Dimensions

Fig. 1.4. Design Layout

1.5. Assembly of Project.

Fig. 1.5. Assembly







2. DESIGN CALCULATIONS

2.1 Design of chain drive

By peddling a normal human can generate about 350 watts power [5]

.

P = 350 Watts =0.35 KW2.1.1. Selecting horizontal orientation of chain drive which reduces the chances of sagging of chain.

2.1.2. Number of teeth’s

On driving sprocket Z1 = 44

On driven sprocket Z2 = 32

2.1.3. Design power

[P] = P K sK s = K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 6

Where,

K 1= load factor =1.25….(for variable load with mild shocks)

K 2= factor for distance regulation = 1……….(to make drive flexible)

K 3= factor for Centre distance =1……(for approx. distance (30-40)p )

K 4= factor for orientation of drive = 1…(for inclination up to 60 )

K 5= lubrication factor = 1..(for drop wise lubrication)

K 6 = rating factor = 1 …(for single shift per day)

K s=1.25

Design Power [P]= .35 1.25 = 0.4375 KW

2.1.4. Selection of standard chain based on pitch and number of strands

At least value of pitch required,

Z1=44

Taking number of strands m= 1

Pitch p=10.33mm

Standard pitch available is 12.7 mmSelecting chain ISO 081-1 (R-1248 )……………[PSG 7.71][4].

With following details:

Chain pitch p = 12.7 mm

Roller diameter Dr = 7.75 mm

Bearing area A= 0.26 cm2

Wt. of chain per unit length (w) = 0.34 kgf

Bearing load Q= 820 kg

2.1.5. Checking for actual power transmission capacity of selected chain







V= 0.5592 m/s

n = 7.8 ……..(for N1= 60)

P = 0.4610 KW 0.35 KWDesign is Safe

2.1.6. Checking for Bearing Stress induced in this chain

2.1.7. Checking for actual FOS for selected chain

2.1.8. Length of Chain







2.2. Calculation for pump







hence maximum suction head pump can handle is 6.073 m

Maximum Pressure Sustained By Pump :

Pressure = 3 bar to 3.5 bar

3.

RESULTS

Table 3.1. Trial readings for Suction and Delivery Head

Sr no. Suction Head (m) Delivery Head (m) Discharge (lpm)

Keeping Suction Head

Constant

1 1.125 5.135 1.2

2 1.125 8.185 1.07

Keeping Delivery Head

Constant

3 2.825 0.185 0.62

4 4.345 0.185 0.33

Table 3.2. Trial readings for spraying

Sr. no Delivery Head(m)

Time Required to risePressure from 0 bar to

3 bar

Spraying Time whenPedalling is Stopped

1 8.185 1min 2 sec 1min 15 sec

2 5.135 1min 13 sec 1min 30 sec

3 2 1min 30 sec 1min 50 sec

4. CONCLUSION

The main objective behind development of pedal operated reciprocating water pump was on producing cheap, easy to

operate system which can be easily fabricated by readily available material and thus we proposed a simplistic design

that can deliver efficient pumping of water in rural areas. This equipment can be easily operated by semi rather low

skilled operator. Further this equipment can easily find its place where there is no or limited power supply• Human power is easy to use and no need of special training.

• As no fuel is used so no air pollution.

• Human powered machines can be manufactured locally.

• Low initial and maintenance cost.

• Self-dependent source of energy.

• Best alternative source of energy.

• We do not limit our design to the exact details of construction, combination and arrangement of parts as herein

illustrated & described, but may be modified for better performance & ease of manufacturing.

REFERENCES

[1]. Vishal Garg, NeeleshKhandare, Gautam Yadav “Design and Experimental Setup of Pedal Operated Water Pump

(Centrifugal pump).”International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)Vol. 2 Issue 1, January-2013.

[2]. Daniel Clark, Jared Smith, Dave Schroeder, Wes Hoekman “Pedal Operated Air-Lift Pump (Piston Type)” Team 1

Pump It Up. Friday, May 12, 2006

[3]. V. B. Bhandari “Design of Machine Elements” Tata Mc Graw Hill publication.

[4].

PSG college of technology “Design Data Book for Engineers” published by KalaikathirAchchagam, Printed Feb

2014

[5].

http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Science-Stories/Cycling-Aerodynamics/Pedal-power

[6].

R. K. Bansal “Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines” Laxmi publication 9th Edition

[7].

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/npsh-net-positive-suction-head-d_634.html

Design and Development of Reciprocating Pump using Human Power

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