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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AM RADIO RECEIVER BY RAJAB HAYATUDEEN OGIRI. 2005/22033EE ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA, NIGER STATE. NOVEMBER, 2010

Transcript of DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AM RADIO RECEIVERdspace.futminna.edu.ng/jspui/bitstream/1/4068/1/DESIGN...

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AM

RADIO RECEIVER

BY

RAJAB HAYATUDEEN OGIRI.

2005/22033EE

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

MINNA, NIGER STATE.

NOVEMBER, 2010

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF

AM RADIO RECEIVER

BY

RAJAB HA Y ATUDEEN OGIRI

2005/22033EE

A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING, FEDERAL

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA, NIGER STATE

NOVEMBER, 2010

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DEDICATION

This report is dedicated to Almighty Allah for His mercy and protection throughout my year of

study, to my loving family of Alh. Muhammad Rajab Ogiri for their prayers and fInancial

assistant rendered during my stay in school, May Allah guide them throughout their lives.

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DECLARATION

. I, Rajab Hayatudeen Ogiri. Declare that this work was done by.rne and has never been

presented elsewhere for the award of a degree. I also hereby relinquish the copyright to the

Federal University of Technology, Minna.

RAJAB HAYATUDEEN OGIRI. ENGR. (Mrs) CAROLINE ALENOGHENA

NAME OF STUDENT NAME OF SUPERVISOR

etfo/~/O .-

SIGNATURE AND DATE SIGNATURE AND DATE

ENGR. A.G RAJ!

NAME OF HOD NAME OF EXTERNAL EXAMINER

SIGNATURE AND DATE SIGNATURE AND DATE - • I

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I give thanks to Almighty Allah for his mercy, protection and blessings over me from the

beginning of my life to where I am now and to be in future.

I wish to acknowledge the contribution of my supervisor Engr. (Mrs) Caroline

Alenoghena who in spite of her numerous academic responsibility, found time to guide me

through my project work, my technical supervisor Mal. Yahaya Ibrahim, lecturers, Technical

Staff and students in the department for their interest and encouragement.

My gratitude to my parents Alh. Muhammad rajab Ogiri, Haj. Salamatu Rajab, Haj

Lauratu Rajab, Haj. Na;ima Rajab and Haj. Aishatu Rajab and the entire family ofOgiri's for

their ceaseless prayers, support and encouragement throughout the course of my study.

My profound appreciation to my Brothers Aliyu, Abubakar, Muhammad, Hamza,

Hussain, Mahmud and others, and also my sisters for their prayers and encouragement rendered

anytime the need arises,

I equally remain thankful to the following people; Mal. Umar Dada Paiko, Mal. Sulaiman

Zubairu, Mal Bashir Yankuzo, and all members of MSSN FUT Minna for their regular

admonition and advise throughout my school period.

I also appreciate the effort of my schoolmates which include: Aliyu Saliu 0., Rufai

Ahmad Rufai, Nurudeen Ayandokun 0, Is'aq Olaniyan 0, Abdullahi M Sanni, Adamu Isah

Kinami, Muhammad M Abubakar and Ahmad Sadiq for their prayers, advices & tutorials.

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ABSTRACT

This report present the basic concept to the design and construction of an AM radio receiver that

operates between the medium wave (MW) band of 530KHz to 1600KHz, the aim is achieved by

receiving a radio wave from transmitting station through receiving antenna and then when

through processes(such as amplifying, mixing, demodulating) and reproduces an audio sound at

the loudspeaker output, the selectivity, sensitivity are high where as noise and distortion are low,

the construction was tested and found working.

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· TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE .. . .. . . .... .. ...... . .... .... . .. . . . . ...................... . ............. . ............. .i

TITLE PAGE .. ...... .. ... .. ..... . ..... . ............. . ............................................ . .. ii

DEDICATION PAGE .. .. ............ . ..................................... . ....................... iii ·

DECLARATION PAGE ...................................... . .................................... .iv

ACKNOWLEGMENT PAGE .... . . . ....... .. . . ......... .. .... . ................... . ........ .... .... v

ABSTRACT ......... . . .......... . ............................................................... ... .... vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... . ...................... .. ..... . ........................................ vii

CHAPTER ONE .... . . .. . .... . ........ . ................................................................ 1

1.1 introduction ..... . ........ . .. .. ............ ................................ . ........................ 1

1.2 modulation ... . .. . . .. . .. ........ . .. .... . ....... . ......................... . .. . ........ . ...... . ........ 1

1.3 Amplitude Modulation .................. .................................... . ............. . ....... 1

1.4 A.M Radio Receiver ..... . ..... . ......... . ................................................ . . ... .... 2

1.5 Types of A.M Radio Receiver ........ . .. . .......................................... . .... . ........ 3 1.6 Differences between FM and AM Receiver. ............................ . .............. .. .. . ... .4

1.7 Objectives .... . . .. . .... .. . ................. ............................ . .............................. 4 1.8 Scope of the work .. ..... . ...... . ........ . ....................... ...... . .................... . ........ 5

CHAPTER TWO .... . . . . ... . . ..... . .. . .. . ............ . ... . ................... . .. . .................... . .. 6

2.0 Literature Review . .. .. . . ......... .. ..... . .... .. ........................................... . ........ 6

2.1 Block Diagram of an AM Receiver .... . ...... . ......... ........ .. ............................ .. .. 8

2.2 Stages of an AM Receiver. ..... ... ........................................ . ....................... 8

2.3 Reasons for modulation .. . . . ........... . . . .... . ....................... . ..................... . ....... 9

2.4 Function and Basic Parameter of a Receiver. ......................................... .. ......... 10

2.5 Limitations of Amplitude modulation ... . ........ . ............. .. .......... . ...... . ..... . .... ...... 11

2.6 Radio Frequency Spectrum .................. . .................... .. ....................... . ........ 12

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CHAPTER THREE .. . ................................................................................... 14

3.0 Design Implementation .............. ........ ...... ... . ... .......... ~ ................................ 14

3.1 Receiving Antenna .. ............................. ........... ......... .... ........... ....... ....... ... 14

3.2 Tuned Circuit. .... .... ................ ..... .... .......................................... .. ..... ....... 15

3.21 Radio Frequency Stage ......................................................................... 17

3.22 Oscillator Stage ..... .................................... ... ................... .. ...... ....... ... 17

3.3 Mixer Stage ............................................................................................ 17

3.4 Intermediate Frequency ............................................................................... 18

3.41 Intermediate Frequency Stage ................................................................. 18

3.5 Detector Circuit ... ..... ... ; ........ .. ... ... ............................ .. ................... . ......... 19

3.51 Detector Stage ................................................................................... 19

3.6 Audio Frequency Amplifier.. . .............. . .............................................. .. ...... .22

3.61 Audio Frequency Stage ........................................................................ 22

3.7 Loudspeaker. .. .......... ................. .... . .... ................ ...... .... ........... ..... .. ........ 22

3.8 Power Supply Stage ..... ...... .... .......... ................................................ ...... ... 24

3.9 Principle of Operation ................................................................................ 25

3.10 Complete Circuit Diagram ......................................................................... 26

CHAPTER FOUR .. ...... ..... .... .... .... . .. . ....... .... ................................... ....... ...... 27

4.0 Test, Result and Discussion ......................................................................... 27

4.1 Construction tools and Requirement. ............................................................... 27

4.11 Electronic Tools and Equipments Used ..................................................... .27

4.2 Construction Details ...... ........... ........................ ...... ............. . ......... ...... ~ ..... 28

4.21 Construction of the Power Supply Unit. .... ............. ... ...... .. ....... .. .... . . .......... 29

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4.22 Construction of the RF coil ............. .. ....... . ..... ... ......... ........ ........... ... . ..... 29

4.23 Construction of the LM386 .................................................................... 29

4.24 Mounting of the Ganged Capacitor ........................................................... 29 .

4.25 Project Casing ....... , ............................................................................ 30

4.3 Testing ..................... . ................ . ...... . ................................ .. ................... 30

4.4 Result ............ . ............... . ......................... ...... .... .......... .................. ... ..... 31

4.5 Discussion of Result ..... .... ..... .......... ........................................................... 32

CHAPTER FIVE .. .. ... ... ... . ........ . .................................................................... 33

5.0 Conclusion ................................. .............................................................. 33

5.1 Recommendation ........ .................. .. ......................................... . ..... ...... ...... 34 .

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