University
Franco-Italian text(F),
the Frenchfl'G^,
great. They
will also
rejoiced to hear
that after living in hiding in peril of his lite tor
seventeen
having been
kindly given
up by
of sources. Sources,
uniformity;
little
authori^tion
in his
with the
English
translation
of F.
other
Some first beginning
ot
book
many, I am
to
be
complete.
Yule
namely
some
facts
of
his
of
the
Aitliivic)
BiiNf-nETTO
his
predecessors
conipKuely
untiring; help, lo our
Archivio,
and
in
the
midst
of
his
manuscripts,
years
his
his
secure. And another
those
notes
of
at
the
to find that guide
that the simple funeral took place ui
the parish
a sketch
of the
Camposanto,
spelling
of
moment, but
will be
of Professor
400
or
500
of Marco
Polo which
found to
especially
Dr H.
graphers
personally
much
of
Trinity
printing ot the book possible, bur from start to finish
he has
interested himself
and arrangement
of the
other
as four
letters and
one day
And lastly
great
have
been
able
intricate
19
KAAN
chapters
76
158
to
197
.494
called
verso
(v°).
Journal
of
1926.
G.
Pauthier,
Words
1931.
\Recueil
de
~(a)FiardAlui
Tmruan
Mc<
I
Millioni, which
failed
mentions Andrea
Giovanni Grisostomo
times in this
first
 ,
which are
summary are referred
volume.
2
appear in
brothers.
Ramusio
then
was
certainly
relationship
of
Andrea
of
happy at the
after the
I do not find
five
sons
(d. i) and
found
ambiguous are,
tnarci paulo
paulo de
not therefore say
de
and
a
divided
brother (then dead)
first owned
by the
the
church
of
S.
Felice
wori.d'^ cAsiiii.LANO
Ar vi:rc)na
III.
voi.o
ov
san
(ii:Ri:MiA
ahoiit
14S0
1)1
i4(u).
I
In-
I.uici
says,
at Verona, m
and the pclc
be
no
quite
say
do not
wife
(d.
55a,
B),
and
^perhaps the same
no
Nicolcto.
Whctlier
and
is unsatisfactory, and
of which
a
verona
del
i
Poli
che
hebbe
dono liberamente
tutti li
suoi imprestidi
a Ducat otto per
Signoria,
^MARCO
POLO
indisputable
evidence
Polo family
1418.
From
the
till
in
the
fact
that
it
makes
1500,
had
heard
Polo
subject
family, and
 
three birds upon it, the colours of
which,
according
to
here
since
many
but
be
known
of 21
August 1287
title
seems explicitly to
of
But
the male line.
of the old
Church of S.
hccn
seen,
his
mloiiiiai
u)ii
the S.
his
father's
tomb
c.
1300,
to the
more than
two hundred.
three pole,
but
described
a
black
and
yellow
 
and
honour-
able
and
prudent
own ship
with riches and merchandise, and, with a fair wind blowing,
by God's
guidance reached
to last for
went first to
pro-
ceeded
any
is told
us in
the Prologue
and need not be anticipated here. But neither the dates
nor
the
accepted with
that it
Bukhara
outward
bound
in
the
1
and there
ilu-
iiilcr
whom
the
tiavcIK'rs
saw
in
1267
was
irans-
Icrrcd
by
nustakr
10
and
Irom
Shang-tu
in
chapter
95.
dilhcuhy.
I'or,
having
Theobald ot the Visconti oi
Placentia
in
1269,
the
note
below,
including
those
on
two brothers
1264.
Hiilagii
pp.
380
sqq..
2
Gregorio
X.
in
1265),
ciam
divinis
subduceretur
obsequiis,
;
Campi in the
mortem
audivit,
qua
perturbatus
assassin is
Hamilton,
vol.
I,
1848,
p.
333,
under
A.D.
1270,
Deus
Archives d'Or. Lat.,
of
1269,
which
brothers to
Acre.' Marco
this
great
and
travelled
they parted
in
1269
Tcald of
as octaves
de la
Saint Martin
editor chooses
X,
1711,
p.
53,
but he makes
later
in
(MS. Cotton,
consueto
vocabulo
future
^5
to which
 
 .^
Shang-tu in
of
Hsiang-yang
made
fabrication, perhaps the most plausible
by
Benedetto,
intervention took place not
future
Pope,
I),
and
owe
Chinese
It is to be
part
in
group
V
has
it
V seems to
judges that Z, which
this
chapter
is
on
the
a probable suggestion,
corroboration) that Marco Polo
Kli.m-
l\il(<| in i.'7i 1)1 viiy iMiIy \iyi, ulien ilu- Polo
caravan
important
names
.nul
ihe (rial ol ilie
to be observed
was.
They
returned
on
horses,
does
may
dated 6
500
pounds
to
the
aforesaid
in
were from the magnificent
with regard to those
which were due to me out of those thousand
povmds
received from
of the
of
accounts which
in full
of
all
which
shall
Quenlinfu,
mentioned without
post-house at
by
sailing
as
it
quire
cleanly
(p.
3
34).
Thus
as
the water
ihc
be fairly sure
figure
of
a
brother
property concerned, sharing equally
of
at Genoa.
The value
or carats.
Of these
a
half,
who
had
natural sons
remainder (three
nephew Marco. Thus
and lending
fine, and
^
reasons of
of his birth
and early life
POL
Marco,
Fantina.
and
Moreta.
Professor
Orlandini
was
not
(d.i8, pi.
right to
been
unable
his wife
and eldest
the
the 8
8
fener
mori
dated
the
9
January.
moment, and
enable us
after sunset
his great
^ave at least
world
There is good reason to
believe that
in or near the tomb of his father there ; but
the
is nothing to show the position of the
grave.
Marco
Polo's
will
(d.i8)
which
has
value of money at the time. At a
time when
man who could bequeath
2000 pounds of Venetian
left
an
annuity
very
large capital sum), and rest of his property to be divided
between his three
were thus
1-5
(or
he
under-
stood
as
lini
as
following
£^6
at
etc., left to the
widow, but on the
£36
as it Marco
book
and
del Milion. A
contemporary, lacopo d'Acqui,
at the place called
Venetians
{or
Milionus),
which
MILION
of Genoa
long
time
uncle
and
saw
learnt
detractors
book is called the Book of Milio
(^liher
when
back
called
Master
Marco
Polo
of
book in the older manuscripts, and very rarely indeed to
the man.
Professor Benedetto
(5),
the i6th century.
how it is that
by
curious
form
 Marco
Polo
that
it
was
Ramusio's
view.
But
-
to have been recently,
to
Venice.
the
story
that
individual who assumed the
&c.,
1812,
p.
67,
note
(a)
se mocqua encore
T.
Libri-Carrucci
1838,
II.
p.
racontait les grandes choses
: sa maison
critique,
by
antichi
maschera, narrando spropositi,
G. N.
nel confin
in
1298,
and
R
adds
Benedetto
is
right
Boniface
the better
1294,
when
Marco
The
alternative
occasion
is
September
1298,
on 16
supposing that Marco Polo was taken prisoner at Curzola is
Ramusio,
a battle
1298
long
a
book
as
is known too that the
prisoners of
Polo
stayed
in prison a long time, and a long time is indeed
required
both
for
the
Ramusio 's own
nouveau Continent, Paris,
Marco
was
if
not
possible battle in
7
m
identif\'inv^
of
the
nothing
now
certainly
remains
except
the
or
belonged
to
purpose
of
theatre.
and
a
public
street
and
as
being
the
purchase,
tower
day See
C. Zangirolami,
was still
have
The site is described in
1677
as
not
whole
is
known
the
extent,
are described n\
detailed accounts
and
of
vague indications. The
the
Balbi
the
Rio
di
S.
sottoportico at the south-east corner
of
adjoining property which had
Secondly, we
it
it
may
be
possible
Corte del Teatro
to the theatre
when was rebuilt, and its old position is occupied by the
street, Salizzada
of San Giovanni Grisostomo
outside the
 .*
Corte
the
tower.
Other
by
are one in a hidden court east oi the Church and
a
statement has
S.
trovavasi
in
prossimo incendio,
accaduto nel
Polo house
prostant via, & adverse
Defunctorum a Clero
animabus aeterna
longe a diruti Templi
Ecclesiam Scti.
Archivio and
riii-:
comi':
fdJ.
with
results
Bragadin descended from Fantina
in the
house
was
menace
ruina).
The
to pass
1566,
as
Balbi
in
1536.
The
Maria Trevisan,
callcni
1712,
mistakenly given
to the
39
OF THE DESCRIP-
romance-writer, a
be
recounted
(retraire)
by
dungeon. In England
called
travels, but
and
the
strange
a
exaggerates
of it .
resulted
not in the preservation but the destruction of the in the form in
which
known copy
there are
derived
a little dull,
it was
which sometimes
influenced naturally by
immediate
is little
exaggeration to
say, no
must
at
p.
509
below.
40
orii^inal
Group A
a
be
possible,
Paris (MS.
page,
34
or
35
lobriqc
de
dcuiscment
dou
Tome I oi
polo Mobile
mia
christo
tnille
trecento
nostra
del
7(?)
di
sett'.
ijSg
are
and, in
in facsimile
F
is
the
longest
chapters and tew passages
book was
first is made likely by comparison ol the early Tuscan version
which shows
and is made
work
of
le
courtois,
where
the
tor
have written
^
to
special process, but no second copy
has
been
Meliadus
(B.
p.
and
que aues talen^ de delitier uo^ en romain^ ci
prenes ceste
quel^ est
imagines desoure
liure
movements. See
penes
nos
hiihfmus.
riiis
know
.111)'
that rlie original form of I- was a version
made
hy
Kustichello
in
the
other
texts,
French,
all. It may be remarked
here that Bi-;ni-dktto seems
regard
work. In
but
in
1932
(trascrivere^)
into
the
book
have suggested that the
the Pope, are Rustichello's work, though
no
of places
way
in
compiled from
he
may
have
heard
as the great Kaan
his death,
thirty
or
forty
chapters,
which
of the Mountain, the
few mentions
Acmat, it
in the same volume,
to have been ready, with
Preface
(d.95
P-577;
return towards
the end
of the
book to
Polo
with-
out
 Malabar for  Dilivar (c.36)
and the statement that Curmos is on an island (c.37), with
the forms tctnbul
and when ior  tiie great lord
who
that time we cannot doubt that
a deliberate change has been made. But these are
points
which
it
^
openly published,
1556.
written manuscript
Franciscus
Piptnus
passages (those which .ire uni(|iie aiui those which he
now
original
with
Iriend of mine,
very dear. '
Nine pages
that
so
aforesaid
M.
different copies
written more
hitherto
which
great diligence and
acquired
of
the
unknown. ^
that he
he
may
have
seen
of P.
printed
text
used,
1532,
Latin.
editions of
this omission.
Had the
he might
that
he
was
homely ways
unreasonable
to
guess
that
been in S.
been as
Marco
Polo,
Venice
surely
good
In
neither
value or distinction except two
copies of
the Venetian
text, one
1557?
be
impossible
W.
Pollard
case
in
;
of the value of this text from
the
as Sir Denison
:
 
a
abridi ;ed
preface is
(147),
and worked
that,
after
below,
 
by the
him a
work
set
out
with
the
intention
to his own fancy,
a
word.
found
in
F,
though
in
R.
There
mon
to
R
and
Z.
put it another
leaves
unmistakeable signs
Russia
Tpp.
cxxix-cxxxi).
other
texts.
hear
213
mm.
x
140
mm.,
the
about
33
written on paper like that
of the rest of the manuscript
probably
in
the
seventeenth
century
(fol.
ir°,
varies from 26
blank. The
word nota, which
:
Minns to have been done in Italy about the year
1470.
The
it to
the first half of the fifteenth century.^ There are two fly-leaves
at
brown
F X Z
49.20,
36).
manuscript Catalogue
together
MuKArom.
I
fis
name
appears
loot
ol which
cit\' he
had been
Benedetto has done, that
made
diversis
hominum
generibus,
genera, et
diversarum regionum
diverso autore
books except
Lorenzana
as
conserva
manoscrirta
a
XV.
51
:
value
first
rate
importance,
grateful
In
representation of the
manuscript, unchanged by
of the
some
plaecs,
translation
additional
words
clearly
unimportant,
have
but not
in F
Manuscripts,
pp.
509-516.
53
seem more or
less certainly to
that VB
it is
that these sometimes
to be
so
much
as
possible
phrases which are of
modified.
to be
necessary first
same
form
few
of
the
words
which
seemed
to
be
of
the
251).
a
little attention
I think : Esplj^^t liber mjljonis ^uis
vene^arum
terminations
Alexandre;
and it is quite possible, as Pellio r suggests, that Abasce is a hybrid
representation of
French Abache with mute e. Other final vowels are Italian, though forms like
Sacion
may
suggest
54
to
guide
we
have
as
thinking that
in
its
wording,
(Bibliotheque
Nationale
MS.
fr.
12581,
fol.
112).
PROLOGUH
TI
of Venice
many of
ol
unable to understand the
*
tiie
text
of
F.
been
identified
by
of
at Bologna in
1320
Pipino da Bologna in
is
indicated
F
begins
on
page
63
Table, and
text. These are followed
of
Contents
to
the
present
version.
Owing
the
failure
to
number
c.
I
readily.
higher
contemplation
useless
I
seeing the gentile peoples
thanks
to
their ignorance shall pray
the
religion could
to carry by
Jesus
Christ
among
given over to
prudent, faithful, and
friends,
so
trust.
whom this book
is
divided
into
three
ORSCRirnoN
H
ov
Tin;
book after-
God
absolve,
asked
that
it
of
And
the honour and
FG
group
himself
great evil if he
had seen,
And I
 And
would be
and
known
in
perpetual
twenty-six years. And being in prison
at
Zenova,
self;
he
And this was in the
year
of
reference to the time spent
abroad,
very
agreeable
it
was
to
him
and carried
by so
carried
into
France,
Master
Jehan
who
was
of this
of it to
his friends who have asked for them. And that copy was handed
by
them
both
in
all
the
parts
of
the
the year of the
(^Here
follows
^
and, though not given till August
1307,
copy ever made;
FG, as
it has come down to us, is a text which has the
author's
own
have been first made
the kingdom of France
Constant-
inople,
ed.
J.
maison royale de France, cont. by
M.
du
FouRNY,
3rd.
ed.,
above, all versions and
there must have
been very few,
if any, correct
62
-
- -
-
ol the
the city of Acre.(viiii;x)
Nicolau.
(x;xi)
(xiii;xiii)
city
Kaan at the
Mafeu
and
Master
—
)
_
_ _
of
city of
Baudac about the
borders
of
Tauris.
of
said to
How
the
Christians have great fear of that which the Calif had said
to
them.
shoe-
maker
a
shoemaker
move.)
(?;xxviii)
(Here he tells of the
noble
magi who came
_ _ _
(xxxviii;xxxviiij
i
ij
40.
.
and great
50.
oi Badascian. (xlviiii;xlviiiiy
55.
Here
he
tells
_
_ _ _
-----
of
upon
the
Prester
Johan.
(lxv;Ixv)
who rule
Kaan,
(lxviii;lxviii)
religion.
(lxviiii;lxviiii)
.
Here he tells of the plain of Bargu and of the
strange
customs
of
the
realm of the province of Egrigaia. (lxxii;lxxii) 1 8 i
74.
(lxxiii;lxxiii)
reigns who is
people in great justice and again he speaks of his
conquest. (Ixxv;
great battle
Kaan
and
Naian. (Ixxvii;—)
Naian his
uncle. (Ixxviii; )
made them kill
Kaan
returns
-
-
Kaan. (Ixxxii
his
li^si ulmli ilu*
plaimej
thai
who are over the dogs
of
the
Kaan goes hunting
court and
sheets[of
the
people
?)
-
the Kaan
which
are
burnt
to
and Mangi.
Sindutu.(Cxiii;Cxiii)
- -
Caragian.(Cxviii;Cxviii)
(Cxxiii;Cxxiii)
(Cxxiiii;Cxxiiii)
Amu. (Cxxvii;Cxxvii)
-
- -
- -
province of Mangi.
Coigangiu. (Cxxxviiii;Cxxxviiii)
Quinsai, (Clii;Clii)
will
and
360
of
(Clxiii;
Clxiii)
Java
Sumatra.
(Clxvi;CIxvi)
- -
(Clxxi;CIxxi)
des
iens.
cf.
pp.
354,
364.
69
-
-
the
sprung.
(Clxxvii;Clxxvi) - - - - -
401
178.
-
-
- -
-
- -
(^anghibar.(Clxxxxii;Clxxxxi)
.
(CIxxxxiiii;Clxxxxiii)
Dufar.
(CIxxxxv;Clxxxxiiii)
of Calatu.(Clxxxxvi;Clxxxxv)
Ivmic vN'liicli was
after
the
CCxv)
Conci
who
is
in
ii;CCxvii)
the Sunsetting. (CCxxii;
which rose
between Ulau
Berca. (CCxxvii;CCxxv)
(Tota-
mongu).(CCxxx;CCxxix)
Nogai.
(CCxxxii(?);CCxxxi)
diversities
and of the Tartars
o
own
eyes.
done so that
the different
& understand; &
even
from
the
course
of
his
life
and
the
other
people
who
did
book
for
citizen
of
Pise
who
•
Master
of
and
valuable
fair
.
of
Greater Sea to see
jewels
very
.
SOLDANIE.
they
fu
iie
^
Venese,
then
ol the Tartars
people
at
the
last
Berca
the
lord
oJ
safe,
and
that
danger
was
towards
the
road
whence
they
were
able to go riding
round the realm
R
way
lt
vender
to
sell).
temporada
for
name
R
R
Oucaca,
which
end of the reahn of the lord of the Tartars
of
the
sunsetting.
p
VB
And
from
Oucaca
they
marches
OF BUCARA.
passed that desert then they were come to a city
z
JL
-L
had
z
Bucara
likewise for name. King of it was one who had the name Barac. The
city was
found
in
all
Persie.
The
V
hcLckfor
the
great war which was among the Tartars, and so they determined to stay there
and
FB
V
dwelt
of
the
sunrising,
the
dwelling
at
the
ends
of
the
earth
between
sunrising
and
the
z
VB
name.
And
when
this
the said
two Latins
were there and sees these two brothers Master Nicolau and Master Mafeu
P
P
joy,
P
because
they
had
never
seen
And when he had talked and
had
L
manners,
brothers
and
from
you
the
news
wish
hindrance
/rom
any
V
with
me.
76
this
messenger
liad
they could not return
of
(iod,
with them
to the IB vb
necessary
great
wonders
of
the
vb
i.t
greatest
kindness,
And
va
fb
of the
OF THE
truth of
each by
men that they
Vb
turchi
TO
and lord of all
and regions
the
Latins
VA
that
it
FB R thetn
wished
that
of
V
of
command us, and we promise thee by
V
the
help
of
the
grace
of
before him
who had
two
brothers to the Apostle. He says to him. Sir, I am
your
man,
and
charters
made
that
his
subject
Apostle and
entrusts
them to the two brothers and to his baron, and charges them
that which
he wishes
Apostle.^
so as
discreet
and
instructed
people worship
to show by
Christians
he
fitled
to
should
know
VB
and
all
vrj
some
-for
he
believed
Christ
to
be
one
R
v
great lord sends
to the Apostle
give them
of
they needed,
land
to
messengers, Master Nicolau
that
[6fl]
were
v
necessary
lord.
to that effect.
prepararentur
scoria
VB:
of
gold}
And
when
farther,
after
many
tieeded
by
VA sea
in three whole yesLTs.^ And this happened because
they were
VB VB
FB not
OF ACRE, And from Laias, w/;^»
V
was
come
the
holy
LT
Plajence. They told him all the embassy for which the
great
VB
Kaan
had
heard
V
VB
VB
at
it
I Al
do
so
iy
that
while
k
go to
of
whom
after-
vb
two
in
FROM VENESE TO
NICOLAU.
And
when
great K:i3.n,
quite
and
having
been
there
v
many
days
he wanted it because
we
1252.
L
V
we have
after
FB
Ambassadors,-
VL
butlsaidlthat
I I
BROTHERS GO
two
brothers
know
of
his
.12.
all the roads
oj the desert, making many ^reat trenehes and pits; and this he
did
to stay
& that they must
two brothers
they
will
do
so
gladly.
And
lor the two brothers messengers
ta
i
b
and
the said galley,
fb
(HoW
CHKMEINFU THE PLACE WHERE
THE GREAT KAAN WAS.)
&
and salute him very humbly. Master the Apostle vb
received them with very great honour and gives them his blessing
and makes
joy and
satisfy
the
need,
fb
vb
fb
who
at that
with all
able to
Pope
himself
can
himself,
the
passage
beyond
the
sea.
And
when
They went off
into
Armenie.
R
was
sultan
of
Babilonie
comes
into
of
Saracens
and
does
fb
Fii R
farther, being
letters to
the great
privileges
and
Acre by way
THE
with
safety
to
TA
the
place
of
another
place
countries which they
is ma\)\i
vii
ihar
^rcat
city
\'e \'
honour
of
that they had done,
wondered vb
fatigues
and
lt
ordered
r
vb
father
with great peril
and he
held him
in great
of
small,
vb
at
with
everything.
They
all men
them,
lt
vb
HOW
THE
great
of Master Nicolau, being
so well
that it
seemed a
wonder to
before a
FB
LT
came
to
the
of
kindly and gracious with
the
great
Kaan
one who
messenger
Being
furnished
with
his
through
the
different
mission
countries where they
were gone, he
ignorant, and said that he
would
like
better
to
hear
usages
of
VL who
his attention,
might
be
it
Atu\ i\
youth
but
as
a
iiiiiii
thenceforward
the
him in
much va vb
for
he
and in all
the
good
R
w/7/
and
order
of
duties
tor
and
all
and understand everything which he thought would please the great
Kaan.
And
he
accomplished the
duty very well, thank Cod, and knew how to tell him many
fb
novelties
and
pleased
him
[8/>]
and
with
whatever
he
vl
met
of
knows more of those things of that country than any
other man,
any vb
have heard
of
to see their native
and
favoured,
yet
And seeing that the great Kaan was very old, they
feared
that
if
have
a
wife
and
by
answered.
On
no
Bolgana
who
88
way
seen on his way dy how he had gone ihrougU
foreign
provinces
6'
very
i.
And the
very
that the\'
; for
take
them
with
they knew that
go, and especially Master
three his Latins
you,
FB
did
them
barons with
that lady.^
the said
to
and that
these three
them to the lands
before him
them two^
own
behalf
Spain
this
point
when
they
entered
they reached the
except
va
p
named
R
Argon
order
of
them that
in
not
enter
by
the great Kaan
had charj^ed
them wholly,- they
you
four
tablets
of
gold
of
orders,
fb
the two with gerfalcons & the one with a lion and the other was plain,*
each
of
R
Sec. V: et de queli tre anbassadori vno solo rimaxe
e
li do
a modified
100 women VB: between men and
women more than 600
be
given
refrain from doing evil
learnt how
which does
them and
with so
these two great ladies were
in
and the ladies who were very young and fair took
these
great
thing
See below,
1298
in
c.
77
below.
LAST
.19.
Ick
lui
10
niiim
in
to
t.ikt-
they
set
themselves
on
the
way
C.od
after
on the (Greater
them
Jrom
so
Armcnies,
who
Scvasto
R
shall
read
the said Sir Marcus Paulus was in the parts of
the
East
for
26
about the description of the provmccs lands
of
Hermenia,
Persia,
Turchia,
& of
either
in India begins.
see hov\' these
the openings
of this first chapter of the Book proper are translated here.
Z:
Media
way,
we
shall
POLO
V
holds all the
faith
as
the
Christian
faith
if
good
and
faithful
VB
R
and the
it
good
very
good
which
is
a
things.
o
LT
and sell there their own
things,
to go
boundaries
of
subject to
to the lands
worthy
order
of
the
things
FG,TA
follow
F
exactly;
R
dwell
mixed
and by
z i
colours
suffered
martyrdom
there
-for
^
is a great misfortune that the Cotton MS. Otho D
5
(FO,
parts which survive,
are Christians
and there
. .
.
are people of
POLO
I shall not
Tartar
king
sends them deputies and governors
.•
obedient
and
give
therefore
the appointed tribute, and justice is well kept, thou mayest do what
pleaseth
thee
with
have
Christ
of
gold
or
in some chest, and
TA
supreme
of
the
Christians.
Now let us leave this province and we will go to speak
oi
the
greater Armenie is a v^r)> great
I
I
I
well
in the world,
I I
to
VB VB
are
of
that
whole
I
subject to
great quantity
great
there
V
for
which
the
V
those
the
middle
of
Noo, as
it is
z
vii
It
is
indeed a very ^^reat and hi^h mountain like a ruhe,^
upon
long that
it could
Jrom
all
the
year,
others
there
is
a
to touch the
sky. And some
ship
of
the
world.
is the
that in
w/// be told below
only
touch.
Towards
tramontaine
vb
it
is
bounded
by
it is
itch
the country
David
They dive.
many things
they observe
•
and a very great
very narrow which is
than four
pass
pass to
come upon
how he shut in
great abundance,
are
cheaper
L
than woollen, because there is much silk & there are many workers
of
that
craft.
The province
is all
passes
narrowness
of
the
passes
of
that
province.
'For
in
shall tell
mountain near by the 5ajW
Church
v
i.
v
oi
ironi thai
and
they
come
of
finest
in
fb
quantity,
bur
a
fine
miracle.-
FB
And
the
foresaid
which
is
two
a pool
of
the
four
rivers
of
formed,
these
in
.
Tyflis,
round
which dwell
king
of
the
Tartars.
And
others
found
in
the
aforesaid
Now
are
-of
Greater
FB
I
I
kingdom
of
Mosul.
FB
JL
races
First there
of people who hold
mistaken
FB
V
z
in
Jatolic,
abbots
parts
of
that though
will
find
large
quantities
of
this
of
va
i
archers,
named
/. k /.
Mus
and
realm
of
Mosul,
is called
part is the see
bad
ones, &
of the
a very
come continually-a very
Chisci,
up
Baudac they
pessimj
L.
lOI
to have
been [iic]
to die
you
how/
now
Cublai,^
assembles
very great
without
VB
FB
VA
came
into
TA
the
city,
he
time in
miserly as
that I was
to
take
thee
V
and
thy
&
speak,
dirai
2
P:
correct alternative raises
known to the
or twv.
(he
c.ilil
.iiid
tower where seeing too late his
mistake
men
oJ
arms
calif.
be
enough
but because it
wonderful things
to be clear that the summary account of the capture
of Baghdad gi\'en by F and
the
majority
misrepresents the full account
translated
as
follows:
Z:
 Ulau took the city and the calif his brother by
a
feigned
plan
 At the time that the lords of the Tartars began
to
rule
them named Ulau.
He first of
army, began vigorously
in
1250.
And
knowing
its
great
thousand
to
side,
up
to
the
103
TAURIS ^MARCO POLO
z
its affairs at present. It is true
that the men
for
with
the
places,
and
therefore
many
distant
G
there.
of
among them. The town is all enclosed round about with
VA FB
and not
When this was seen
fly
and
and
five chapters. In the original the headings
follow
text
difference
Tauris.
Here
the
also
a
V
^rcat
wonder
which
consulted
every
who was very learned,
found a
find
B.
p.
430;
cf.
B.
eontrade de turis
e baldacho P:
FB:
deliberate
chon la suo
not believing
Christians
For
it
wish.
And
so
were in the said city and in the other districts
of
number, and struck
calif saying, What
do you command
before
them :
be done.
shall make
death. For
that it is omitted by FG may show that it
is
MiAR
.27-
htt
wicked,
h
saved
hy
may not he more than one law
and
v
one
Jaith
m
my
respite irom now
for ten days.
i-n
v
upon
caiit
had
death and knew
the less they
had good hope
;
out his
that he deliver them
nothing else hut to pray devoutly the Saviour[Godjof the
R
heaven^
and
vb
lt
shame
and
from
regard
their
v
sins.
great
supplication
and
chreator
del
to
F- While this
woman came
to the
house ot
his eyes
away
ilu-
master
recalUn^
Jrom
in his
as
clearly proves the
he
was
indeed
HOW
IHE
shoemaker
'that he was
loerent
prayer. The Christians pray him
very sweetly
that he
VB small
our Lord God they
Saviour
FB
VB
so
VB
come
TA
R
of
if
obedience
toward
Jesus
Aiul vvlu'ii
all ilu'sc
greatest constancy
were all
towards the sky
to
them,
power
to
;
thy
name
to
shah please;
thy holy
v
FB
favour
to
this
that thy
am worthy to
pray or request
forced
to
move
-and
go
devotion
va
and
faith,
-he
said-with
a
loud
plain-
v
as
the
prayer
of
manifest
miracle
of
V
LT
for
fear
of
the
Saracens
of
the
found a
golden cross
Whereupon the Saracens
other
place apart
V FB
went home making
day
of
the
anniversary
of
this
Christians,
have
FB
FB
heard.
can
bring
any
this thing
end
of
their
life
their
are
safe;-
V
free
FB
sin has been
twelve days
what is said,
i,
sepulchre
well
Mi
v
uorked.'and
the
[i4<?J
bodies
are
still
all
/ vb
when
vh
And the said
those
three
va
French
that
to another place
for
If you have faith
to
this
moun-
tain,
will pass over, and
Either
move
that
mountain
you
Lord
Jesus
of people. And on account of this many of the
Saracens
were
converted
to
Christ.
a
parte
superiori
R
omit
the
that once
worship a
God, or earthly king,
and if
were come
went
And afterwards
goes in
all
z astonished. Then goes there the third also, who was of greater
age,
were all and
other what
gifts,
namely
the
this
other
falsehoods
that casket. -And
out to
journeys they
know
ho
medicho
did not know that
stone
great
a
very
l
beautiful
and
rich
that
they
extinguished
in
any
of
these
faith
times
they
go
eight
and
ten
days
journeys*
to
VL
boy
do
those
called Sava and the
Gospel,
in
the truth, hut add lies to lies, as the vulgar
people without learning are
told you
their doings
and of
KINGDOMS
R
the seventh Soncara,
the going out
Christians
this
side
of
these kingdoms* are many very
fine
for
this value,
FA one
the world which are well worth thirty marks of silver
each, for
runners and doing well at the
amble, which is contrary to the
VA z nature
reason.
Because
I have ventured to keep this picturesque expansion by S
of
andono adorare yhesu xpisto
nato in hethlem dela
*
so
P /
P
yielding
no
^rass
could
not
endure
this,
therefore
trotting
well
Jor
more
in R
the same
way carry
great weights
swiJt
as
the
asses.-
monstrous,
told
to Curnios, which
who buy them and
as
I
kingdoms
L
aforesaid
one
by
of the
Siuirising, to
as
they
travel,
R
passes
good escorts
and
with
ill-treat
them
badly
and
rob
them
all,
-or
make
FB
Mahomet
their
In
the
cities
va
of
silk
of
all
someone
because their law
city
of
the
borders
of
many beautiful
L z
wild asses. And
falcons.
<^ the
hruvcst,
and
ago
they
had
many
dwellings
people stay there with
fb
cold
will be v z
Wherefore
before
him,
Sirs,
I
people and
arises nor
of
Ispaan
named
above,
-
not
for
ascent
but
for
descent.
it
that
immediately
after
food
beginning
of
tell
you
is
FA
FA
is
called
many other
fruits which
are not
Nor
LT other francolins
they have
nostre
acuta
V:
et
nonna
ongo
120
tati s() thick, lonj^,
them from their
who are there
VL i. IB
VB
& doing
called
( araiinas,
wish to
that plain
darkness; and
vl fb
ten
parts, so that they
make so long a
which
all those whom
cannot escape
being
the great Kaan with
was
his
uncle
horsemen
of
his
fb
people
vb
brave
men
ways were
FB
VB
city
which
scouring through
it
if
is
called
the
in
length.
waters &-most beautiful rivers, and dates enough
and much
and
l
v
elephants
tusks
and many other wares, and in that city they sell them to the
various
R
other
men.
There
peoples. It is in truth a town of very fb
r
royal
city
and
of: the
subject
to
of
z
dates
lt lt
it they
vi
e
due
to
editing,
VB LT
ours,
on
itself-
and as it were -is broken up, but the planks are
z bored
with iron
FB R of
threads like
rudder and have
this
in the
the said
left
the
body,
which
reason
country
they
fruits, for they
there
z
VB
FA
-for
protection
from
custom
men
die
that when the man dies the
va
ladies
weep
z
friends
va
And
since
they
very
often
die, they are in this way never without mourning. And women are
z
found
who
agree
for
not
DESERTS ?^MARCO POLO
I
shall
below
in our book when it shall be time and place; but now
I shall go back
of Cherman. And I
V
of
back
VA
the
wheat bread here is so bitter that none can [i?^] eat
of
z
good
you
above
tell
you
•38-
When one
marches, a
VA
or v ry little, and
that which one finds is
salt
drink it, and
it would make
him retire more
therefore
the
by that way must carry good water with them to
drink
mare cheuui uiene and
FA:
& ore
forms. It
MS..
land is so hard & so dry
that grass could
fourth
the
Jtow
oJ
the
river,
to pass,
one has
nor less, which also
Cobinan.
HERE
HE
enough,
and
many
va
mirrors
tor
disease
of
the
;
how
fb
vb
they
are
comes
grating
hardens
l
r
that is the coarse
is called cane
through a desert
LT VA z all
z
for
VB
in circuit, which is called Tunocain. And subject to it
there are cities
of
Tree, and
green on
one side and white on the other, and it forms burs
like the burs of chest-
V
nuts,
but
not
and-very hard
in
L
LT
things good and fine, tor the country is
in a
Mulecte, the
with
his
1507,
fol.
15147:
Tractatus
II.
Radices
^
R
iheir language Alaodin and was with
v P
all the
follower
of
into
hold
shut
in
beauiilul that ever
which
he
seen,
of
p
wonderful
beasts and
of
there,
r
v
for
each one, through which ran that which they threw up; through some oi which
it was
v R
&
in the
dalliance
desired.
his
men
they
died
go
to
Paradise
will
had he made
spoken
is Paradise,
go into
except
only
of
the
valley
so
very
strong
and
impregnable
and
V
kept
with
him
years to
FA
was made in such
in
truth
them
of
this
garden
of
them
go
therein.
and by
had
LT
V
them taken
FB
R
and
they
find
themselves
FB
VA
made just
day were
the caresses
R believe
the
ladies
and
and great and
him
believe
that
ta
it
is
so
of
these
his
youths
preaching
in
his R
palace, they make great marvel at it and arc not
very
be
parted.
towards
who believe
that he
fb
vb
fb
great desire
and
ta
seen
none
of
it
great
fb
vb
commandment
of
defends
his
servant
have
this
R
favour.
they might
themselves-
131
;^MARCO POLO
whom he described. They
escape
return
to
court
And
if
one
was
caught
that he
OW
THE
ASSASSINS
And when those
lord, they
each one
some
that they go to kill such a
man,
and
if
they
should
way
no
man
the Mountain wished.
died
before
out,
enemy
was
mischief.
z
him to have peace and
friendship
with
him
z
for
you how he
and
one he
R Domas
that
the same effect but partly in direct speech.
For instance, FB,
iliis
.iiul
ot his barons
the castle was
be taketi by storm. And the\' vNould never have taken
it
as
lon^^
as
thev
should
have
they have
of
victuals
va va
all
those
l
va
levelled; so
way did that cursed Old Man come to his end.
And from
the past. Now let us leave you
this va
things va
days
va
fift\-
lt
come to the places
marches,
1
FB,VA,P,L,R:i262
FA:
1242
TA',LT:
1277
TA':
1278
VB:
1272
Vomits.
2
FA,FB,Z.VA,P,V,L,R:
 six
TA.LT:
 seven
Others
 six
133
you
that
TA
round
like
threads
LT
VA
or
the
sun
and
make
And
I
tell
you
and
and ruined.
But all
ol
town are the
inhabited
people,
robbers,
\iliage
which
is
called
I
other
and some are \\\
vb
savoured,
vb
would
abound
one
wind and sunrising
they like to
drinkers
and
nor
feet
but
a
cord
about
ten
heads. And
of the beasts
way
skins
Scassem
on
the
plain,
mountains.
and they
are
all
which
arc
lightly
fastened
badly -very
V L FB places. Then the hunters go upon them &
take them. -And this city
of
called Scassem and has a language for itself. And
the rustics
do
so
easily
R drink_/or the
for
the
journey.
And
at
very great &
(^ulcarnein in
FB LT
cuius transsit
kingdom, lor
dearest
for
himself
tribute
and
to
some
to other countries.
balasci may be
great value,
the
to
hitn
fuori
del
suo
regno
any
of
them
h
was
mountains
sakar
And
better and
more savoury
than any
parts use it;
bad- and steep
z
villages
are
the
K
of
R
z
other
three days -the
parts he remained sick
said mountain, he
hunters, and
much cloth
ili.u
is
it,
aiiJ
some
sixty,
some
jorty,
and
ta ir.
according to
pleated
va
then and
are
towards
midday
HERB
.
are dark^
and
v
z
to
r
v
this
Their z
and rice and spices; whence the vice
of
They know so much more than all others
R
of
the
they make the
Persida wide hot
one who
did not
commonly
they,
the
men
p
LT
P
V
none, &
sta.y[(:ind]servc the idols- shut
in their
are to
their people,
they
isjsold '' more
in that
where
kingdom
this
directions
we
-through
to
the
not too
^
place then
he finds
a large
^iornatarum
R:
tre
2
VA:
tre
queste
parte
(possibly
corrupt).
R
z
others very great
VB
from
which
LT And
infinite
to the
Pamier. Nor in
all these twelve
carry with them
bright and
be
-so
marches of which I
quel cholore
P,R: omit.
is
called
catch,
and
and
evil
people,
this country and we
of Cascar.
TELLS OF THE KINGDOM OF CASCAR. Cascar was formerly (as
is said)
they are also
v
z
And
they
drink
ta
a
Samarcan.
HERE
HE
•
P va
his
friend
v
not all
they
are not supported by other texts, but this time LT has added
the north:
Christians,
and
may
SAMARCAN ;^MARCO
FB
another
name.-
And
p
is
made
Christian,
-round^
church
//; memory
of
And they
of
this
Church,
and
middle
oi
the
Church,
and
the
V
great displeasure
Christian, -but
they naturally
were, but
much more
after
no
long
of
the
nephew
of
wrath for
put in
stone which
well do
Christians, And
when they
Saint
John
and
supported
by
R
(il
tetto
chiamata san ^an dela
.52
fo
rh vb
Chureh
of
stone,
-ordered the C^hristians either to agree with the Saraeens reasonably
for
money
tell
you
that at
force
in his
own Church. -Then they prayed devoutly and with many tears to
Blessed
John
Now there came oi
which the lord set
R lt
fb
column
carried
foot
up
Z omits the whole
as God
of
the
we
will
go
vou
province where they
in the throat, -which comes
about
great
Kaan.
is chiet of
whole province.
lands. I hey
of
pillar
n
m
wokld^
oi-
im.m
and
oi-
c:iakcian
.55-
HliKl:
m:
more
know
where
he
nmst
go,
and
take z
told
you
from
others
and
and
bitter
fb
waters;
and
And
therefore,
provided
that
they
found
and
are gone with sand,
&
are gone and it does not seem that man or
beast had
as
not
fly
to be taken from them and eaten;
tor
the
than
themselves
ever
with sand.
And when one departs from Ciarcian he goes quite five days marches
V VA VB
bitter, and
there
is
will
go
forward
Lop, which is
at the end of the great desert, where the men rest themselves
[<jn^]take
food
to cross the desert. And therefore let us leave it and
we will tell
at
the
FB
z
the
very
JL
-1-
great
of
V
VA
V
rising
and
with victuals and so takr
their way through the
jjo
food
keep the
from
the
one end to tin- other cn<\ m a \ear, and u'liere ii
is
less
broad
cannot be passed
barren mouiitains
Bin 1 lell
he
take, but
as much
va ib
no
beasts
of
any
sort
fb
vb
nor
I
any company
through
this
stays behind the others
wishes
ou cent
that
they
are
some
V
without
food
of
with great caution; -they
to hear them continually so that they may not sleep,
-& may
not
go where
fnd
leave him
perished
miserably
of
hunger.
And
thus
.Urictly in
[23r/]
way
of
necessity
fear
we will
you all the
out
has
riddcn
i
z
z
they
of
that
150
I
AiNCiU
1
.5
8'
hoU
( hii.sn.uvs,' .niil
iJt)l.itcis
indeed
l^i ilu'insi-lvos.
by v Vii
ckmw wimh they reap
monasieiies
and great
iniitiediately
beginning ol the
\ear'' or on
may
that
flesh
which
had
the idols
their share
and take the rest and carry it to their house
or into
of
-oJ
the
idols
the bodies
these idolaters
are dead
men
of
;:^MARCO POLO
receives strength
present to see
house made on
FB
VA
&
and as
of
the
and
what
his
means
astrologers are where the dead man is they tell them
the
nativity
hour,
and
the
kinsmen, when he
VA
if
at
the time that planet is not in the ascendant, and some
a
he
tells
them by his
art. And then it is the duty of the relations of: the dead to keep
them in their
waiting
for
& not contrary;
them
out
of
the
house
diviners
V
tell
is not
burnt and
it in such
coffin of
'
B. points out that just below  sheep (jnontons) rake the place of  money
(tnonete^
here,
and
suggests
botii
places.
p.iliii
iioMn'
Innly
iiisiJi-
k
,inrl
ii wiih such cloilis
you iliai
ihc
house,
stays there have a
alive.
And
the bod\
the dead
supper,
ol
the
savour
of
thus
they
do
watch him. In
chief
cioor
L
of
the dead
house on any day is that it must not be
taken out except under that
planet under which he
if
the
v
relations
dead
was in the
to him; or indeed
that
proper
part
of
been.
aromatizato
p LT drink enough,
VB
L
guests
need
return home while the
succeed
VA
z
for
them
noi liii
then i( was
so
preserving the honour
maintain
any
va
more
that
shaming
of
remedy
so
great
them &
danger
leave
who come with their
have
lt
done
whom
they
frst
in
the
liberal
Kaan, and there
and
some
of
Mahomet,
province
towards
tramontauie
is
a
mountain
ot andanique.*
same mountain is foimd
fire,
is
made, &
salamander
of
VA
L
for
truth that you know
fre,
any kind has in it heat, moisture, cold, & dryness, & so
it
truth.
But
I
a
I
of
the
work
of
he used
sends
a
and
he
was
a
mountains
it and broken
it up, it
is dry
v
then
has
ot
v
to
he has
then
he
and they are brown lt
when
put them
to
v
a
v
of it, that
lies and
spezzarla: esse si
VA VA L
inside it,
to you
with
other
than
province
of
slum-, &
some
oj
bronze,
streteheJ out
idolaters
woman
unnaiurallv
they
condemn
him
we
do
of
the
kalendar
a
all
VA
these
and they hold
other
vigils-
of
the
Saints.
And
more decently than they do
the
other
R
days
in
all
flesh
food
they
by FB:
luna de lanno
In
the
you that
if he
6^
they
are
sins
which
about
a
year^
we will
will go
&
T'ERE
HE
TELLS OF THE CITY OF E^iNA. When One leaves this
aforesaid
city
VB
flocks
of
the land
food
Egina
houses nor inns,^
summer; and this
found
there
many
^
questa de tiite vituarie et
sono
ben
in
rhe
version.
len
punctuations,
B.
has
chosen
160
wdoJs'
in
plenty
on
vh
province
of
langut.
H\'.\\.\\
111
I
r.LLS
or
miles
roimJ,
which
was
VB
as
they
say
the
Inst city' which the Tartars have when they come out Vfi
trom
their
countrw
with
have
that
of
all
spread
a
and
partly
abitada
of
mountains
and
valleys.
The
confused.
bosque^
tartaro
VA:
a
that this obscure sentence
*
and
inter
in
V
V
R
was
called
tenth
of
way in other
his
V
when
Johan
wished
R by it.
Seeing with what
slavery,
not
wishing
to
be
seeking nothing
what they
places where they lived
Johan
LT
were rebels against
man very upright,
was
that when
justice and
as God, so
Tartars
of
lor lor.
I. Ami
In
ti
little
time
mi
i'lcu
,i
miiliKiuli-
himself with this his people witli bows and with
pikes
oihei'
arms
of
all
they conquered quite eight'^
its
as
there
was
no
union
and
r
force,
after
of
lords and lt
& led
people,
of R
people
kindliness
that
the
aforesaid
would
not
R
listen to their words; and it was in the 1200 year
that was since Christ
alium mondum
V
slave?
But
go
of
their
life.
And
when
TA hy
V
he thought he
a little
his slave
might
to
find
V against him,
almosi never
Uneaii
horse
va
rejoiced
v
v
plain and so great and so broad to make battle
with
v
f-b
broad
space.
coming to
light uith him. But then the story ceases to speak
of
the plain
were
Kan
by
way as you have
of
the
Tartars
makes
For
of
this
fght;
we
lengthwise &
made
pp.
268,
343.
165
2
half
and
see
that
says
that
he
wishes
can.
And
then,
when
V
to see this thing,
and
make
P
at last
of
great
and had them
of
T
FERE he tells of the great battle which was between prester johan
V
FB
1
I
AND
incantation was made,
hard
LT
together,
hsiZtle^andyiaughter
one
side
and
L
battle and
Cinghis
six years he goes
Z,L
lie
JicJ
ttfter
a
Jew
dayi,
to you
liow liic
many
other
ot Christians
version
deals
of V
adds hoccata
carried are
And they
the best horses^ camels,
V
LT
in
the
FB
ffth
told
V
when
many things
V
place,
winter in
their -small
carry
them
so
that
the
va va
by
icll you thai the Tartar ladies trad'', va
r
themselves.'
/// expense they are not burdensome to their husbands, and the reason
is
They
are
family
and
at all but with
hunting and with feats
arc like
fat,
mares
r
vb
l
vb
milk,
the world would the one touch the wite of the
other,
tor
if
hold
it
wondeiful
ever heard that they say
an
intent
allowed to be
very
great
confusion
of
the
Christian
most chaste
necessary
a hundred if he
dowries to
told
you, &
many
JL
god
of
the
and
their
of
sDiiu- l>n)tli or Wiiln- tn which the jlfsh is
(ooked-to
wash
thnr
tnouth
aiul
l*
v
.spiiiikli-
or
room,
when-
that
is hke wliiie wine; and
it
and
beaiitiliil and of
bin
best in the
they
arc
able
hardships,
and
often
will
grass
have
to you. You
See PN.
in this way.
he who is
he
who
is
lord
heads
of
a
fnd
ten
And when the
wishes to
V VA
p him
give a
R share,
R a hundred head
of
order
when
which is commanded them more than any people in the
L VB world.
p
captain
of
loooo
of
1 1 ii;
oj
out
the
rain. Moreover 1
R
va
without eating any
cooking
of
food,
their
horses;
then they stop it up. -And again they carry blood
with
them,
& when
And
in the same way they have their dried mares milk too
which
They
on top R
the milk is
put in the sun, and so it is dried. And when
they go to
they drink
l
their enemies,
quite omitting
with
now there, riding continually
they
have
do. And
go
flying
he
flies
more
flight,
then
of the horses
well
hardened,
won
all
that
manner
who
a lor ennimis
the
other
texts
except
R.
that if they are
shameful headlong flight but
ennimis
or
fa
yet another slightly
and those
as
or
He who wounds
anj
in
this
way
it
goes
up
sometimes
for
eaeh
crime.
And
killed;^ p
as
much
as
the
value
l
o/
death
the horses P
beasts;
man v
for
And again
may
may have had a temale child suited to him,
and
she
also
may
when
he
is
at
to the
to
surest
disem-
say
V hold
themselves as
share
of
that
feast.'
VB
And
having
the
form
of
the carriages
and with great
other
world
with
happiness.
And
again
other
for
of
as
if
of
this
them
clearly
uncorrected (to be
iliat
V
(omeni
chomo
passage
was
1932
of a dead boy
^rcat Kaan aiul
of
oi- harc.u and
fb va
of
Bargu
vb
animals which they take in
the chase,
birds which
and
customs
vb
VB R
no beast
vb
they
have
For you may
women nor
of
40
days.
LT:
Ouando
hotm
recedit
de
tartaro
swallows[of]/)flw^5;-fl«^
found
And when the
mountains
there
VB
are in that sea
as
V
pleasure.
And
do
not
carry them
to those
Now
we
have
told
you
the tramontaine
provinces as
shall
FB
provinces, &
we
of
LLP
place
here
it
is
FB VA
which
in
great
numbers
other
-fne
Christians,^
and
idolaters,
2
R
hy the
.s<jn/
is
also
pan
ol
they
have
many
domesticated,
[wi't/j
the world,
there is
to
;=^MARCO
POLO
for
when
under the
belly
VB
between
the skin and the flesh a pustule ot blood which grows on this
animal
that in this country it
L
V
exists
in
very
of
cloth
of
gold
and
of
is
twenty-five^
days
many
of
ninc^
have
except
only
so
R
honourable
ladies
have
top
of
V
have
very
z
fair
flesh,
well made in
enough_,
because
their
animals ;
L
de
labia
habent
Z;
iiij
tantes.
180
lui
lo
KINGDOM 01 nii: province
11
iimlcr
city
of
most bcautiliil
sell through
many places
will
tell
you
of
another
va
into
the
L
P
z
v
named
of
those
part
of
the
of
of
Uncan
(whom
are descended
who
VA
z
VA
reign
in
there
and
very
good,
take from
I have
V VA
L P
told you
who
race
of
people
are called
they are
of
those
z
z
Tartars
and
there
is
reading of
F. FA.FB.VB
prete
gieorgin
be possible
that iohan
is a
very earl\'
argon renduc
the
translation,
but
the
may be a
appears
line.^ And the
in
And
when
of
of
silk fb
Kaan.
And
there
of
the
multitude
of
riding three
for
-in
the
fb
v
vb
neighbourhood
of
of
birds.
And
.
stayed
year at
the season
hawks
with
gerfalcons
and
R and
The
feathers are everywhere
full of round
VB
black and-very well
of
has
had
several
very great number
And
there
R
feed
R
R
themselves
the man
them that
VB FB
of
these birds in great
thitr at that
and
shall
Kaan, who is spoken
wall
of
it
is
a
which
plain
harts
and
the great Kaan often
va
or roe-deer
certainly
this
place
And again
a
chauo.
185
which is
R
dragon
the
tail
round the pillar and holds up the ceiling with the head,
and stretches out the
varnished so well and so thickly that no
[32^]
most
wonderful
round and are from ten paces to fifteen long. One
cuts them
middle-
from
uses,
for
[50] that
beginning, —and this
that -they
protect the
and
P
put together more than
oi the year,
et
invernichade
to
pluuia protegunt.et
are thick &c..
 knot by
time
and
and
v
immediately when he departs
to pieces and
true that/or the
except only
vb
there
he
and
the
idolaters^
idols
which
they
VB
worship,
so
on
the
king
himself
the gods drink the
had
palace, that
they do
other
[33^]
enchantments
mud on their
evil
race
of
necromancers
is
ydres espirt por ee
translation leaves out
ilu-y ucwi cm lum
anythino that
V
1
tell
marvel
for
Iv.-ii the
his ehiel
R
quite ten paces away
ia
vb
of
whom
1
so
that
themselves from
the pavement N\here the\' were and go away by
themselves
alone
with no lie,
tell you the wise
and
feast
v
of
offerings
and
to
us
black heads
let
us
have
that we
mi^ht
be able
en dirciit les sages So B. (perhaps
rightly)
things
Kaan and
R to
to the
come -the
these bacsi have had all those things for which they
have
asked,
and
For
as they wish.
know quite truly
solemnities &
reverence
& great
greater
singing
P
and
many other
again
I
or names FB:
is one
monastery which
small
city.
190
Iili i\\cy
like this
food.
& drink water, -and stay much
fb i.r
life
great abstinence^ arc
[33:^]
thev
wear
and
thev
if
v
lt
mats, these are rods.'* They lead a harder
vb
lt
Z: uiuentes in
that
boides.
 mats ,
as
which,
*
e
( in
the very great
a
contra-
FB
P
diction
the
this -king who
before
wokij)^
him. I'jiii he
ihi' rule
I.
ord
-Christ,
1298.
almost
and
brave
in
-as he pleases,
of
uncle
of
But
saw
he
take
away
from
him
his
the land
if
v VB
predecessor having
of
FD(B.p.l>:):
jusques
a
ore meec et viii de crist though this by no means proves
that
him,
says
at
certain
together.
great Kaan
army,
p
JL
JL
he
was
not
at
all
dismayed^
at
their
conspiracy,
but
oppose
FB
them
-very
right,
and
V
will never
are
here
to
him
saying .
-
en xij.
of
Natan
R
and
Cc.idii,
he ininirdiately ordered
Canihaluc hy the space
unexpectedly. His
v
lands
command
would have required the time
of
thirty
or
R
forty
Naian
would
of
to conquer him
to
of
his
dominion
are
found
many
unfaithful
there,
which
walls
to
prevent
them
from
entering
in
stay
quiet,
milk
the things
an impossible thing to believe
and to hear. And these
260000^
horsemen
xij. TA,LTA^VA,P: 22
who
out in
astrologers
V
VB
of
this
battle.
And
FA
V
VB
we tell thee good news;
and- in
over
Kaan used always
when
goes toward
p R
for
Caidu,
with Caidu
at the
given time, &
such
a
secret
and watch them with his
V spies that
were all
arrived
his
lord
made
his
expedition
He
chapter
twice
(iriim
i'.ai
ili-:
array
79.
v
Ih'Iicvo'
Kaan\or]any
in
very
ways were
it
was
thirty
days
journeys
host
because
of
the
^
covered with boiled leather
his custom
of
way.^
their
squadrons
f
his servants -with very great haste, and told that Cublai
was
2
TA:
sagretainente
LT:
secrete
more
all archers,
squadron of
on
foot
on
to
so
that
each
division
the
sides,
this
Kaan
with
V
VA
his
people
so
for
he
knew
were coming
joined
were
had only to strike, then
one
could
of
are
such.
For
when
would
drums^ do not sound, that
is those
of
of
two
VB
strings,
so
side and on
were well
prepared on
of
R FB
as
the
drums begin to sound, then they make no delay but let the one people run
V
towards
the
other
swords
VB
lances;
arms
of
that there was
of
-that the sky could not
R
oi
every side.
-till all
the ground
on
one
And
so
horrible
extreme
terror
swords and
over to
^
to him because
slioiild
story
oJ
stood
for
a
very
the reason why
the battle
were
already
completely
of
the
Tartar
followed
them
killing
•
should
he was
Vi'ry
v
tightly
he
the air
mav ta
of
Cublai.
have
will
name
these
V
tour
Kaan
FB
VA
had
done
there in the lordship
of
V they saw
said to them. See
FB
TA
has
helped
VA
when the great
of
therefore
there
and
or occasion
ought
FB
V
evil to
of
the
month
r
r
of
November,
and
there
he
stays
of
of
it
his
same. And
the
chief
feasts
of
and
in
I pray to
means
not
attach
himself
Nicolau and
make
myself
a
Christian
P
You
these idolaters do whatever they wish,
and
their
idols
speak
and
foretell
faith
of
Christ
would
say
to
me.
What
do
they
do
shall go to
things
before
and then
their subjects
Cambaluc
city
the
suburbs
and
some
his
armies,
FB
kino.
in this he was
must
know
you
that
had deserved
others
of
which
great Kaan's
power.
have full
authority like
himself. For
it is
.8j
Awl
In-
li.is
very tair and
men and
makes
her
ou in what wa\ . Ir is true that there is
a province in
who
hundred
sends
his
messengers
to
the
said
province
of
/f.OCj,
joo,
more
and
judged in way.
When the messengers
there
the other
each
cf
the
wives
cf
the
them in
limbs are sent to
six^ ot these girls
up,
both
bed and
pleases.
at
the
FB
V
end
girls
days
and
three
LT
nights
the
number
of
that
if
the lord's
chamber order
and they prepare
other
the
work.
great
favour
and
able
to
satisfy
her better and will marry her into a good position, which thing
I should
not have
been able
V
P
JL
jL
after
his
of
is
has had
continually R
is (jiiite
reasonal^Ie
va i.i
man
of
greater
and
in
on the
there is lt r
are stationed.
midday
face
and
And
Within
this
circuit
of
wall
it is
tents,
and
all
war. And
in
the
middle
of
beautiful
palaces,
of
nothing
all
round,
the quarter towards
great Kaan
comes out of it to make war and when he goes
in
there,
and
company
is
are
fve,
and the large one is in the middle, and by those
four
by the
of
of
this
face
of
as the
wall
in
P
walls of which I have
told you. And in the middle of
VA
a
and
the
soldiers
differs in
passes
and blue, and
else is
ejuarter
of
the
roofs^
cleverly
that
they
are
bright
like
crystal,
many
years.
and
huomini.
TA:
and glazed
like quarries
gold^ silver,
precious stones,
you
ahove
are
very
beautiful
stags,
ermines,
And all
the grounds
the roads alone on
all
the
the
rain
water
caught
of
great lord wishes some
them
at
his will and at his pleasure. Moreover I tell you that a not very
great
R
And
river
departs
from
the
other
side
of
is
done
and
is
closed
with
nets
go
R
and
other
waterfowl.
And
again
palace,
more than a mile round; the which hill is all
full
FB
L
TA
and
all
covered
the leaves
archata
LT:
LT (mar-
li.i\c iliis
FB
except
green
top ol the hill in the nnJdIe of the siininur
is
this
FB
fb
hill
and
great lord had them
often
L
LT
mount
and takes his pleasure as it pleases him and as he wishes.
HERE
near
by
this
chief
pAace,
of
which
l
va
of
R
of
the great Kaan, the great lord has had another palace made like his own in
every
va
lacking;.
it
and
as
larae
and
with
ot which I have
the son oi
imperial
bull
of
gold
he lives. And
chon
tant grant comme il veult. The version seems
to
be
uncertain.
great river
there, which
there
is
only
a
of
the
new
so
it is so
you that they are not so thick above as below,
because
all
at
p
thick.
They
are
all
entirely
R L
side to
the other
the gate
making
no
break.
2
. .
oardcns. And pieces
a
oJ
such
would
chessboard is,
of
none
day
to
p
<^o
oi sick
r
fear
inside,
Kaan
has
lt
va
lt
often
found
none
a
And
in
bacsi,
part
and
porte
and
in
variations, con
of CAMBALUC rebel,
DEATH.
Cap.
8.
said below,
anyone
whom
justly or
and said
worthy
of
death
the
lord
did
and
of
not
fear
charge, and
wished to
with whom^he could
made
for
wife
f
she
was
her
some pretty
Such
a
In this way, partly
twenty-ffve,
of
heyond
themselves, being unable by
thousand
men,
of
ten
thousand,
that
they
have
Vanchu
and
to
their
friends,
namely
that
having
f
should be massacred
is that the
Tartars
set
part Saracen, rulers, and they were not able to bear
it,
seeming
to
them
to
the
rule
of
the
it
by
force;
aforesaid
of
the
by
at
the
gate
of
the
city
going
so
late?
To Cinchim, who Is this moment come.
Said Cogatai, How is it possible that he is come so
secretly that
Cenchu
who
Vanchu,
seat,
if
The
Cataians
no
head,
these
two
other captive,
things that
had happened;
who sent
and
them;
for
he
gave
Jor
griindfur^
_/br
throe
days
and
throe thousand
three nights, and
begin the
all the
year. By
day
certainly
the
i'
R
other nine thousand do not leave the palace, unless anyone goes
for
the
business
oJ
the
great
he necessary
And when the great Kaan
keeps
his
beside
are connected
the less
&
age.
VA
on the
& all
of
hall
f
greater part
carpets,
other halls
at the
p VA
are
of
the king's court -who always come in numbers to sing & to
make various sport. And many times
more
than
ten
thousand
persons
are outside the
great hall. For
are men who come from foreign parts with jewels and
with strange
have had a
And
multitude
of
men
R
like these are wont always to come on days like these
when
of:
the manner
is
of
it
is
hollowed
valuable
vessel
in
and
so
of
l.ir^o
or
ilu-
ta
dear
drink
lacciiiered
or
ten'
k
would
hax'e
enough
k r
who sit
two
r
take
p
oi
and
these
the great
lord has
who did not see
foreigners
know the customs
these barons go continually here and there through the hall
asking
if
to them immediately
the other on the other, with
a
rod
in
his
foot
beyond.
if
clothes, and to
if
may
know
p
fb
veils or napkms
lt
and
the
drink
of
the
great
au beuraies
For
au
read
vaso
the
great
lord
has
FB
R
his cup in his hand, as soon as the hoy has
presented
all the
kneel
R
down
his
frst
other
all make
great enjoyment
and
done,
HE TELLS OF THE GREAT FESTIVAL WHICH THE GREAT KAAN
MAKES
R
the zS day
TA
the year
the
kalends
of
^
day.
LT:
barones
faciuntfestum
sentence):
vintioto
p.
193
above.
220
if
and
all
those
And
the
P
girdles and shoes
them
all
they
all
seem
to
be
kings.
And
these
the said robes
R
same day of his
plus.de.x' .bifanf
milia
bifantis
each as is suitable to him
who brings
ask
favours
of
the
to ask
or
the
Jews
and
all
races
of
the
idols and to their
pleased
to
save
and good and
you
lasts
FB FB LT
white feast.
KAAN
MAKES
ON
the
that is
throughout
custom
that the great Kaan with all his subjects dress themselves all in white
robes, so
to do
white
clothes.
And
they
them lucky and good, and therefore they wear it
at the beginning
and
all
him
VA
LT
many
of
other
things,
as
is
fitting;
and
And they do
principes
et
harones
.inj ili.ii
ii-II
ihc kmi;Iiis aiiJ all
one
anoilur
anil
make
iii
(lu'inseives
very
said
turn
have gooci luck.
to
the
i.i
n
found
of
is,
if
it
by
this
count
a
hundred
his
[40^]
silver plate
•
fb ta
that the morning of
that festival, before the
kings
marquesses
and
and
va
possonofar
osseruino
questo
niodo,
Marco
Polo
p.
240.
well. And I tell you
that
his
sons
and
ot
his
3.ndhend the
were
their
God.
our
lord
long
with
And ui such a
FB R
V P
is there
is sweet incense,
R L and
of
the
great
to
altar. Then
each one
presents to
and so rich.
all
these
things,
V
when
FB
LT
the
tables
are
set
each
in
side
of
on
there.
from
ROVAS ^
aiul so
all this
v
the
1
shall
as
say
of
one
fb
colour^
and
barons with
when they have
thousand
of
which of these thirteen
Now
have
told
you,
[4K1]
&
honourable
the story is told
at
FB
this
feast.
that
great
lion
and
wonder,
FB
and orderly, and we will tell you of the great
hunt
LT
of
stays
in
his
chief
city
months, they are to wit
December
addition
simili
induitur
above
says et meio et piu richamente vestiti et adornadi, words which
support B.'s conjecture: &
ap.
how to
ttikc the
I
tons,
birds,
be
wherever the animals may be,
hemming them in
the great lord,
the
for
FALCONS AND
lengthwise
l
black
and
are
trained.
h