description: tags: iffnew2

Library Research: 1983-1997A Report to the National Institute on Postsecondary Education, Libraries, and LifelongLearning and the National Library of Education, Office of Educational Research and

Improvement, U.S. Department of Education

Table of Contents

Executive Summary........................................................................................................ iiFindings........................................................................................................................ 1Background................................................................................................................... 1Key Findings -- Priorities ................................................................................................. 5Key Findings -- Funding .................................................................................................. 7Conclusions................................................................................................................... 8Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 10The Digital Library Initiative ............................................................................................ 13Research Methodology.................................................................................................... 15The Data....................................................................................................................... 22Funded Projects and Research Priorities............................................................................ 61

List of Tables

Table I: Research Priorities…………………………………………………………………………….2Table II: Consolidated Priorities……………………………………………………………………… . . 3Table III: Distribution of Research by Priority…………………………………………………………5Table IVA: Federally funded library research ..................................................................... 22Table IVB: Privately funded library research ...................................................................... 27Table VA: Journal articles............................................................................................... 42Table VB: Dissertations and other unpublished studies ...................................................... 56

List of Matrices

Matrix A: Federally funded programs and research priorities.............................................. 61Matrix B: Privately funded programs and research priorities .............................................. 66

List of Figures

Figure 1: Library Research Priorities: 1983-1997………………………………………………………5Figure 2: Library Research: Federal and Non-Federal Funding………………………………………8

Library Research: 1983-1997

A Report to

U.S. Department of EducationOffice of Educational Research and Improvement

The National Institute on Postsecondary Education,Libraries, and Lifelong Learning

and

The National Library of Education

From

Libraries for the Future121 West 27th Street

New York, New York 10001(212) 352-2330

ii


Executive Summary

This report was commissioned by the National Institute on Postsecondary Education,Libraries, and Lifelong Learning (PLLI) and The National Library of Education (NLE),Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI), U.S. Department of Educationto serve as the basis for decisions concerning continued U. S. Department of Educationsupport for library research. We have sought to inform that process by describing twoearlier efforts in OERI to establish a research agenda and comparing the prioritiesestablished at that time to research since accomplished. We have also examined Federaland non-Federal funding trends and compared those with the OERI priorities. Based onthis data and its analysis, we have made recommendations for the U. S. Department ofEducation in regard to library research policy.

In 1982, A Library and Information Science Research Agenda for the 1980s (henceforth,“Cuadra Report”) documented a project sponsored by OERI that developed a “researchagenda” through a process involving 26 researchers and practitioners, selected torepresent the leadership of the field. A later document, Rethinking the Library, wasbased on yet another project sponsored by OERI in 1986-87 consisting of a series of fourmeetings at which field-nominated experts identified issues they considered mostimportant to the profession. Research priorities from these two projects wereconsolidated for this report and used as a basis for comparison with subsequent libraryresearch.

Library research projects from 1983 to 1997 were collected and compared to the 1980spriorities that emerged from the two initiatives mentioned above. These includedFederally-funded projects, non-Federally funded projects, unfunded published studies,and unfunded unpublished studies. It was found that:

• Some of the 1980s priorities were frequently met by the research studies;others were less frequently met. There were no indications that the priorities,as a group, affected the direction of research.

On the other hand,

• A comparison of “priorities” met by the surveyed library research shows aremarkable coincidence in the percentage of projects groupable under specificpriorities between those projects funded by the Federal government and thoseprivately funded, while there are quite different distributions for publishedresearch and unpublished (dissertations, conference papers, etc.) research.

In regard to funding patterns, it was found that:

iii

• Total Federal funding for library research since 1983 has been approximatelythree and a quarter million dollars. In other words, total Federal support forlibrary research has averaged less than $275,000 per year.

• Annual Federal funding for the entire period to all library research projectshas been approximately one-quarter of the typical annual funding of OERInational centers of research in other topics.

• Federal funding for library research peaked in 1987. As funding fromtraditional sources, such as the Department of Education, has declined, so hasthe amount of research on traditional areas involving physical collections,their use and access.

• Total non-Federal funding for library research since 1983 has been under $6million ($5,593,797), or approximately $430,000 per year.

• Total funding for library research, Federal and private, has averaged less thanthree-quarters of a million dollars per year since 1983.

• In recent years, funding for library research from other Federal agencies,including the Department of Defense, and from two large private foundations,has sharply increased in the specific research area of digital or electroniclibrary planning.

The unfocused nature of library research in the period 1983-1997, the decline in researchsupport from traditional sources, the relatively low level of federal support in relation toother research areas advanced through National Research Centers, and recent shifts inresearch support towards electronic library issues, all suggest the need for a coordinatednational agenda for library research. Recommendations include:

• Develop a national library research policy and capacity.

• Develop a Federal -- interdepartmental -- library research policy.

• Develop a National Center for Library Research, modeled after other U.S.Department of Education research centers, to provide national and Federal leadershipin library research. The National Center for Library Research should be closelylinked to both the National Institute on Postsecondary Education, Libraries, andLifelong Learning and the National Library of Education, with strong liaisonrelationships with the National Science Foundation and other Federal funders oflibrary research, especially the Institute for Museum and Library Services, theNational Endowment for the Humanities and the United States National Commissionon Libraries and Information Science.

1


Findings

Background

The following analysis of library research emerged from a concern in the field, shared byOffice of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI) officers, regarding the paucityof research on public libraries and the perceived lack of a research agenda for the nation’slibraries. This is not a new concern. In 1982 A Library and Information ScienceResearch Agenda for the 1980s (henceforth, “Cuadra Report”) documented a projectconducted for the Department of Education, Office of Libraries and LearningTechnologies, under the direction of Dr. Carlos A. Cuadra, President of CuadraAssociates. The project developed a “research agenda” through a process involving 26researchers and practitioners, selected to represent the leadership of the field. Theintention of those planning the project was that the research agenda developed would bethe basis for planning of public investments in library research. The process included athree-day meeting during which the project participants identified a research agendabased on submissions from the fifteen researchers among the project participants who hadeach developed approximately six proposed research projects. The research agenda thatresulted was thought proper to “guide and support the allocation and targeting of presentand prospective research funds.”

Then, in 1986-87, OERI, through the Office of Library Programs, held a series of fourmeetings at which field-nominated library experts identified issues they considered mostimportant to the library profession. Office of Library Program staff then developed a listof the major issues. The resulting study, Rethinking the Library in the Information Age:Issues in Library Research -- An Agenda for the 1990s (1989), “was designed to identifyresearchable issues that could help libraries attain -- or maintain -- a position ofleadership in the information society.”

The present report was commissioned to review the match between those past prioritiesand the actual research conducted; determine emerging research topics, and serve as thebasis for decisions concerning the establishment of a new research agenda and continuedU. S. Department of Education support for library research. We have sought to informthat process by describing the two earlier efforts to establish a research agenda andcomparing the priorities established at that time to research since accomplished. Becausethe Cuadra research agenda was completed in 1982, it was determined that we shouldexamine research from 1983 on. We have also examined funding trends and comparedthose with those same priorities. Based on this data and its analysis, we have maderecommendations for the U. S. Department of Education in regard to library researchpolicy.

2

Table I lists the research priorities that emerged from the Cuadra Report and Rethinkingthe Library and notes those which are similar in each.

Table I: Research Priorities

Report Priority Common to both?Cuadra (1982)C1. Information Generation and

Provision of InformationServices

C2. Information Users and Uses (RL 9)C3. Planning and Evaluation of

Library and InformationServices/Systems

C4. Economics of Informationand of Library andInformation Services

(RL 7)

C5. Education and ProfessionalIssues

(RL 2 & RL 8)

C6. Intellectual Freedom

Rethinking the Library(1989)RL1. Policy issues: federal, state,

and local roles andresponsibilities

RL2. Education and training oflibrarians

(C5)

RL3. Access to informationRL4. Archives and preservationRL5. Organizing, indexing, and

retrieving materialsRL6. Role of the public services

librarianRL7. Library funding and

economics(C4)

RL8. Libraries and education (C5)RL9. Information users and needs (C2)RL10. Library models

3

The priorities developed by the two 1980s reports have been combined and coded for thepurposes of this study. Table II consolidates the sixteen priorities from the two reports(Cuadra Report = C; Rethinking Library = RL) and assigns them twelve reference letters:

Table II: Consolidated Priorities

a. b. c. d. e. f.C1 C2

RL9C3 C4

RL7C5RL2RL8

C6

g. h. i. j. k l.RL1 RL3 RL4 RL5 RL6 RL10

This yields the following key to the consolidated priorities:

a=Information Service;

b=Information Use;

c=Information Planning;

d=Economics of Information;

e=Professional Issues;

f=Intellectual freedom;

g=Policy Issues;

h=Information Access;

i=Archives;

j=Organizing Materials;

k=Public Services;

l=Library Models

4

By documenting and categorizing a substantial number of Federally and privately fundedprojects and both published and unpublished related research, this report is intended toprovide a framework for identifying trends or gaps in funded research that may be ofconcern to the field and to funders. It may also throw light on the policy question ofwhether the establishment of research priorities as attempted in the 1980s report is anadequate mechanism for shaping the nation’s library research agenda.

This paper also describes the major public and private funding source sponsors for libraryand information science research; the primary recipients of such funding; and askswhether funded projects have met expectations concerning research priorities incontributing to the needs of this field. Finally, it recommends how the library professionand funding entities, including the federal government, philanthropic organizations,academic institutions and related organizations, might more successfully approach thedevelopment of a national agenda for library research. We believe that this informationwill be useful for developing strategies and programs for improving research in libraryand information science and for assisting Federal policy-makers in planning for Federalfunding of library research.

5

Key Findings -- Priorities

Federally-funded library research projects between 1983 and 1997, library researchprojects funded by non-Federal organizations, and other “professionally rigorous”published studies for the period were tabulated and assigned to appropriate priorities fromthe 1980s reports. (See the chapter on Research Methodology on page 15 for furtherinformation). In most cases projects and studies were credited under more than onepriority. The tabulation given in Matrices A and B (pages 61 and 66) yields thefollowing distribution of studies by priority:

Table III: Distribution of Research by Priority

Priority A B C D E F G H I J K LFederal 21% 12% 8% 4% 6% 0% 8% 14% 1% 4% 21% 2%Non-Federal 25% 17% 4% 3% 3% 0% 4% 19% 1% 5% 17% 1%Studies 15% 11% 12% 3% 15% 3% 5% 5% 10% 1% 18% 0%

Figure 1

Library Research Priorities: 1983 - 1997

Priorities

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

a b c d e f g h i j k l

Published Studies

Non-Federal

Federal

6

The table above, and even more clearly, the graph, demonstrates that:

• Some of the 1980s priorities were frequently met by the research studies;others were less frequently met. There were no indications that the priorities,as a group, affected the direction of research.

On the other hand,

• A comparison of “priorities” met by the surveyed library research shows aremarkable coincidence in the percentage of projects groupable under specificpriorities between those projects funded by the Federal government and thoseprivately funded, while there are quite different distributions for publishedresearch.

From this we can logically conclude first, that either non-Federal funding sourcesfollowed the lead of Federal funding agencies in the distribution of library researchsupport across priorities, or, as is more likely, that neither the Federal funding agenciesnor the non-Federal funders appropriated support for library research in accordance withthe 1980s priorities. The most reasonable explanation for the coincidence in Federal andnon-Federal funding patterns is that both are attributable to a common factor other thanthe 1980s priorities and that the factor in question is simply the dynamic of research inthe field as perceived and supported by recognized researcher “leaders.”

Funded research takes place in a complex arena of individual and institutional priorities,the sociology of research communities, and the dynamics of the formation of requests forproposals process, responses to those requests, and their evaluations. In the absence ofexternal factors, those researchers most likely to be funded are among those most likelyto participate in funding decisions -- unless, of course, their own proposals are underconsideration -- formally, as participants in peer-review panels, or informally, as advisorsto program officers. This self-reinforcing cycle is central to the operation of whatThomas Kuhn called “normal science,” and operates with respect to publication, citation,conference participation, tenure decisions, etc., as well as with respect to fundingdecisions.

If policymakers wish to establish priorities for research, priorities that may differ fromthose of the field, if only by establishing an order of importance among various choices,the identification of those priorities is not in itself sufficient. They must be stronglyincorporated into the language of requests for proposals and into the guidelines for theproposal review process.

One mechanism frequently used to effect a national research agenda is the establishmentof research centers with distinct research plans. The national centers of the U. S.Department of Education are good examples of this strategy. There is presently nonational center for library research, which may account, in part, for the unfocused natureof library research in respect to the 1980s research priorities.

7

Key Findings -- Funding

Tables IVA and IVB show per project funding for library research by source. Theinformation in Table IVA, Federally-funded projects, yields the following key finding:

• Total Federal funding for library research since 1983 has been approximatelythree and a quarter million dollars. (See section below on the Digital LibraryInitiative for a qualification of this statement.) In other words, total Federalsupport for library research has averaged less than $275,000 per year.

Federal funding for library research peaked in 1987. Annual Federal funding for theentire period to all library research projects has been approximately one-quarter of thetypical annual funding of OERI national centers of research in other topics.

The information in Table IVB, projects funded from non-Federal sources, yields thefollowing key finding:

• Total non-Federal funding for library research since 1983 has been under $6million ($5,593,797), or approximately $430,000 per year.

Taking the information compiled in Tables IVA and IVB together,

• Total funding for library research, Federal and private, has averaged less thanthree-quarters of a million dollars per year since 1983.

A special subset of funded library research projects is made up of the Federal DigitalLibrary Initiative (not included in the analysis above), three Mellon Foundation-fundedprojects in 1993-94 and one Kellogg Foundation-funded project in 1995. The MellonFoundation projects were a baseline study (Princeton University, 1993, $210,000), anevaluation development project (Columbia University, 1994, $700,000), and anassessment of economic factors (Princeton University, 1994, $290,000), all concerningthe electronic or digital library of the future. The Kellogg Foundation project was forinstitutional and policy issues, also in relationship to the development of a digital library,part of the Foundation’s HRISM project (Harvard University, 1995, $650,000). In otherwords, this highly significant injection of funds for library research from two of thenation’s largest foundations has all been, in effect, for the same project, or, at least, thesame “priority,” reinforcing the even larger investments by non-traditional Federalsources in the same area.

8

• As funding for library research from traditional sources, such as the U.S. Departmentof Education, and in traditional areas involving physical collections, their use andaccess, has declined, funding for library research from other Federal agencies,including the Department of Defense, and from two large private foundations, hassharply increased in the specific research area of digital or electronic library planning-- which was not included among the priorities of the 1980s studies.

Figure 2

Library Research: Federaland Non-Federal

Funding

$0

$500,000

$1,000,000

$1,500,000

$2,000,000

$2,500,000

$3,000,000

Non-Federal

Federal

9

Conclusions

• There was significant overlap among the priorities identified by the two 1980sstudies.

• Research activity was not evenly spread among the priorities, some receiving little, ifany, attention.

• Funding patterns, whether from private or public sources, do not reflect the prioritiesidentified in the two base studies to which the report refers.

• Federal and non-Federal funding patterns are quite similar.

• A substantial portion of library research resides in the academic sector, widelydistributed in terms of numbers of projects, very narrowly distributed in terms offunding.

• The funding picture has changed radically in the last few years, traditional sourcesdeclining, others taking their place, and the emphasis shifting to electronic libraryissues.

10

Recommendations

The unfocused nature of library research in the period 1983-1997, the decline in researchsupport from traditional sources, the relatively low level of federal support in relation toother research areas advanced through National Research Centers, and recent shifts inresearch support towards electronic library issues, all suggest the need for a coordinatednational agenda for library research. It is recommended that the U.S. Department ofEducation:

• Develop a national library research policy and capacity.

• Develop a Federal -- interdepartmental -- library research policy.

• Develop a National Center for Library Research, modeled after other U.S.Department of Education research centers, to provide national and Federal leadershipin library research. The National Center for Library Research should be closelylinked to both the National Institute on Postsecondary Education, Libraries, andLifelong Learning and the National Library of Education with strong liaisonrelationships with the National Science Foundation and other Federal funders oflibrary research, such as the Institute for Museum and Library Services, the NationalEndowment for the Humanities, and the United States Commission on Libraries andInformation Science.

Preliminary objectives for the National Center for Library Research might include:

1. To strengthen nationally the library-based information infrastructure and deliverysystem.

2. To inform investment in library development.

As the nation makes substantial investments in library services and libraryredevelopment -- through such programs as NSF’s Digital Library Initiative, theLibrary of Congress’ National Digital Library, the Commerce Department’s TIAAPgrants, the Institute of Museum and Library Services and the National Libraries ofEducation, Agriculture and the Environment -- it is especially important to recognizelibraries as a national resource and to build a research program that can help informpublic and private investment. Without such a program library development andredevelopment is chaotic, haphazard and non-strategic.

3. To develop a national perspective on connectivity among types and sizes of libraries.

A truly national library research program must embrace all types and sizes oflibraries, for today the size, location, or institutional affiliation of a library is less

11

important than its connections to other institutions and information sources. Aslibraries are increasingly linked through new technologies, they are increasingly onevast institution offering seamless access to the world’s information resources as wellas local information and documentation.

Other objectives for the proposed National Center for Libraries will arise from theplanned discussions leading to its establishment. This report will support thosediscussions through its documentation of nearly fifteen years of library research, itsrelationship to earlier priorities, its funding support, principal investigators, andinstitutional base.

In the early 1980’s public libraries were thought of in much the same way as they hadbeen thought of a hundred years before. They were buildings in which collections wereheld and made accessible to the public. As libraries are public institutions, and as thosebuildings are frequently large and centrally located, libraries were also seen as providingpublic space for library-related, and unrelated, public activities, chief among, cultural andliteracy classes and exhibitions. It was probably not widely foreseen at the time that inthe mid-1990s major research universities would be receiving millions of dollars forlibrary research, not about any of these issues, but in reference to the novel concept of anelectronic or digital library, and that much, if not most, of this funding would come fromFederal sources not traditionally associated with library research.

The effort to establish national priorities for library research that took place within theDepartment of Education in the 1980s was not only overtaken by events, it was alsochallenged by the way in which library research is funded and by the absence of a strongpolicy initiative congruent with those priorities that were developed. Certainly, all thelibrary research that is tabulated in this report can be attributed to one or more of the1980s priorities. On the other hand, the distribution seems to indicate that the motivationfor the research studies did not arise from the priorities, and, especially, the congruencebetween the distributions among the priorities of Federally funded and non-Federallyfunded research indicates that the field was not influenced by a strong perception ofFederal policy in this area. The sudden support for digital library projects from Federalsources outside the Department of Education and from two key foundations is alsosignificant in reference to Department of Education policy leadership in this area.

The nature and future of libraries and their role in the nation’s information infrastructureis an increasingly important national issue in the context of the emerging globalinformation economy. To use and develop that infrastructure to support economicdevelopment, education, cultural development, and civic involvement we mustunderstand its relevant problems, trends and opportunities; innovative programs andinstitutions, and best practices in terms of library services today. The future of Americanlibraries will include electronic, digital, collections and services. It will also includebooks, objects, visual materials, the functions of library buildings as focal points forresearch, lifelong learning and access to the digital collections currently under

12

development. It will include -- need it be said? -- librarians, their training, both pre-service and in-service, and it will include the public itself.

All of these are important research priorities.

There is today, even more than there was in the early 1980s, an urgent need for a nationallibrary research agenda to support the development of all facets of our libraries. Anappropriate mechanism for developing and -- crucially -- supporting that agenda is readyat hand in the national research center process of OERI. Just as there are national centersin many other fields -- for example, adult literacy -- so there should be a National Centerfor Library Research. This Center, like other OERI centers, would:

• Conduct a coherent, sustained program of research and development to addressproblems and issues of national significance, using a well-conceptualized andtheoretically sound framework;

• Contribute to the development and advancement of theory;

• Conduct scientifically rigorous studies capable of generating findings that contributesubstantially to understanding in the field;

• Conduct work of sufficient size, scope, and duration to produce definitive guidancefor improvement efforts and further research;

• Address issues of both equity and excellence in education for all students, and

• Document, report and disseminate information about research findings and otheraccomplishments in ways that will facilitate effective use of that information inprofessional development for teachers, families, and communities members, asappropriate.1

The request for proposals process for initiating this center will include the identificationof a national research agenda for library research; the funding of the center subsequentlydesignated would be tied to work on that agenda. Funded at levels parallel with otherOERI centers (approximately $1.5 million annually), the National Center for LibraryResearch would have at its disposal historically significant support for the nationalresearch agenda. It would also be encouraged to seek other Federal and non-Federalfunding to extend its research capacity and to help coordinate public and private researchon libraries and information science. In this way the goals of the 1980s initiatives of theDepartment of Education would be fulfilled.

1 OERI. Where Are We Going With Educational Research? 1996, p. 5.

13

The Digital Library Initiative

The Digital Library Initiative began in 1994, when three federal agencies -- the DefenseAdvanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration (NASA), and the National Science Foundation (NSF) -- collaborativelyawarded six contracts, totaling $24.6 million, to six university-based groups. Thecontracts have a duration of four years, and each university is required to providematching support that approximately doubles the total budget of the effort.

According to the NSF webpage, the goal of the Digital Library Initiative is to “advancethe means to collect, store, and organize information in digital forms, and make itavailable for searching, retrieval, and processing via communication networks -- all inuser-friendly ways.” The initiative emphasizes the need for partnerships that includeresearchers, developers, and users. Many of the six universities that are sites of theDigital Library Initiative have established working relationships with commercial firmssuch as Xerox and Microsoft, and with large institutions such as the Library of Congressand the New York Public Library.

In 1998 the three federal agencies opened competition for Phase II of the Initiative.

The Digital Library Initiative will doubtless shape the future of information research andaccess, yet we have excluded it from our analysis for two reasons:

1. The level of funding so far exceeds that for all other library research that it cannot beincluded in the analysis without distorting the results.

2. Most of the work is being done by researchers in computer science and informationscience, with comparatively little input from traditional library researchers.

Nevertheless, the following information is provided as a matter of interest. Each siteconcentrates on a different aspect of the total project.

1. Carnegie-Mellon University. Grant $4.8 millionCarnegie-Mellon University and WQED/Pittsburgh are creating the Informediainteractive on-line digital video library system, which will enable users to access,explore, and retrieve science and mathematics materials from video archives. The systemintegrates speech, image, and natural language understanding technologies. Researchwill also address issues involving human-computer interaction, pricing and charging fordigital video use, and privacy and security.

2. Stanford University. Grant $3.6 millionThe Stanford Digital Library project focuses on inter-operability. It is developing theenabling technologies for an integrated virtual library that will provide uniform access tonetworked information. The project also includes research about how to pay for

14

information and resources over the network, and it is collecting information about legalissues, especially the fair use of intellectual property.

3. University of California at Berkeley. Grant $4 millionThe Berkeley Digital Library focuses on environmental information. The goal is to“develop the technologies for intelligent access to massive, distributed collections ofphotographs, satellite images, maps, full text documents, and ‘multivalent’ documents.”Personnel include faculty, staff, and students in the Computing Science Division, theSchool of Information Management & Systems, and the Research Program inEnvironmental Planning & Geographic Information Systems.

4. University of California at Santa Barbara. Grant $4 millionProject Alexandria is developing a digital library that will offer access to collections ofmaps, images, and pictorial materials as well as new electronic library services. Theproject has begun with collections of digitized maps, images, and airphotos relating toSanta Barbara, Ventura, and Los Angeles counties, and will grow to include componentsat other academic sites as well as federal agencies and public institutions including publiclibraries.

5. University of Illinois. Grant $4 millionBased at the Grainger Engineering Library Information Center, this project focuses onjournals and magazines n the engineering science literature. The Graduate School ofLibrary and Information Science is conducting the research, which includes asociological evaluation of the testbed, “technological development of semantic retrieval,”and the design of “scalable information systems (the Interspace).”

6. University of Michigan. Grant $4 millionThe project is developing the testbed of a multimedia digital library focused on earth andspace sciences. The prototype system will be tested and evaluated by a wide variety ofusers, including college and high-school teachers and students and the users of publiclibraries.

15

Research Methodology

1. Scope of work

LFF conducted this study, during August through November 1997, under a contract withthe Department of Education that defined the issues to be considered, the types of dataneeded, and the nature of the final product. Researchers were asked to identify “themajor federal and non-federal funding sponsors for library and information scienceresearch from 1983 through June 1997, “ as well as “dissertations, meta-analyses,conference papers, journal articles, etc. that describe additional (not institutionallyfunded) research efforts in library and information science.” They were asked to supply,where possible, names of sponsoring institutions, nature of research done, funding level,and names of principal investigators and their institutional affiliations. The basic chargewas to conduct research and perform analysis that would help identify an estimate of thenature and dollar amount of funded research and provide a reliable estimate of the extentto which library research needs identified in the last decade have been met and the extentto which further research priorities should be pursued.

1.a. Timespan of research examined

The Letter of Agreement that governed conduct of this project specified that wepay special attention to assessing the degree to which explicit federal prioritiesestablished during the 1980s and early 1990s were reflected in LIS researchduring the period 1983 through June 1997. The priorities had been set forth intwo studies, A Library and Information Science Research Agenda for the 1980s(the Cuadra Report), published in 1982, and Issues in Library Research: AnAgenda for the 1990s. A major goal of this project was to estimate the degree towhich publication of the Cuadra Report and Issues in Library Research hadinfluenced library and information science research.

1.b. Funded and unfunded research

The Letter of Agreement also required that LFF assess the nature of research thatwas not supported with grants or other outside funding. Therefore, our studymade a fundamental distinction between "institutionally funded" and "notinstitutionally funded" projects.

1.c. Definition of the field

The Letter of Agreement broadly described the subject matter to be examined --the large and diverse field of library and information science -- but qualified itwith a proviso that the search for data should locate "particularly those [projects]relating to education, such as (but not limited to) community-based education,informal learning and access to information." Our understanding of this proviso

16

placed the focus of our work on the institution that historically has been mostclosely associated with "community-based education, informal learning andaccess to information" -- the public library. This interpretation was accepted byOERI and became a fundamental boundary to our work. We therefore designed aresearch plan that took the public library as a beginning point and central focusbut reached out to include large samples of research in related subjects, such ascomputerization, electronic connectivity, catalogue design and testing, and soforth.

The goal of the research was not to locate every LIS project but rather, followingthe charge noted above, to identify projects sponsored by major funders ofresearch and to find unfunded projects that represented "rigorous" research. Weunderstood this charge to require collection of enough examples to provide anestimate of the nature and dollar amount of funded research and a reliable cross-section of unfunded research.

1.d. Interpretation of key phrases

The Letter of Agreement used two terms that required interpretation before theycould be applied in the analysis: (i) "major funders" and (ii) "research."

(i) Major funders.We left the definition in abeyance until we had conducted enoughsearching to gain a sense of what counted as large or important funding inthe LIS universe. We concluded that "major" funder meant any entity thathad contributed at least $50,000, to LIS research during the period 1983-97. As our research proceeded, we decided to include lesser funders also,to giver a broader context for assessing the contributions of all funders toLIS. In absolute dollar amounts these lesser funders contributed a smallfraction of the amount of the major funders -- not enough to materiallyalter the annual dollar totals -- yet they supported many intellectuallyrigorous projects that merit consideration as part of the national researchendeavor in LIS.

(ii) Research.We began our work with an informal definition of research as anintellectual endeavor that has the following characteristics:

• It poses a clear question or issue• It addresses the question or issue systematically• It documents its data and other sources

The Letter of Agreement added specificity to our initial workingdefinition. It asked us to consider "basic and applied research, hypothesis-testing, surveys, assessments, evaluations, investigations, experiments, and

17

demonstrations" (the list of categories was taken from OERI's guidelinesfor field-initiated fundable research). We refined the definition through anexamination of those projects that OERI had verbally identified to us asconstituting the core of federally funded research in the field of library andinformation science, as the field was interpreted in the Letter ofAgreement. This examination of projects funded under the HigherEducation Act, Titles IIB, C, and D, gave us a sense of how OERI wantedus to understand "research."

2. Search strategy

The Letter of Agreement required that we consider for inclusion reports and publicationsfrom projects funded by the federal government, state and local government, privatefoundations, businesses, and nonprofit organizations. It also included a list of categoriesof materials, such as "dissertations, meta-analyses, conference papers, journals articles,etc. that describe additional (not institutionally funded) research efforts in library andinformation science." It further asked us to identify projects by name or title and date,"as well as and where possible to supply names of sponsoring institutions, nature ofresearch done, funding level, and names of principal investigators and their institutionalaffiliations."

Our search had two parts: first, identify projects and publications that seemed candidatesfor inclusion, and second, find abstracts or full texts that contained information aboutitems such as institutional affiliations that were unavailable in bibliographies and otherfinding aids.

2.a. DatabasesFollowing the lead of the Letter of Agreement, which required that we consultimportant databases, such as those of NSF and the Foundation Center, wetargeted five major finding aids:

i. ERIC: the Department of Education’s on-line database, mainly forfederally supported projects and education-oriented projects.ii. Library Literature: a standard finding aid that covers all aspects of LISiii. Dissertation Abstracts: for Ph.D.s and MLS thesesiv. National Science Foundation: for high-tech projectsv. Foundation Center's FC Search: a beginning point for foundation grants

2.b. Other sources

We augmented these searches with targeted searches in the catalogues of theLibrary of Congress and the New York Public Library. We also searched thewebsites of selected organizations, including:

18

• American Library Association (ALA)• Association of Research Libraries (ARL)• Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR; formerly CLR)• U.S. National Commission on Libraries and Information Science

(NCLIS)• On-line Computer Library Center (OCLC)• Public Library Association (PLA)• Urban Libraries Council (ULC)

We solicited additional information directly from agencies, organizations, andfoundations.

To identify projects or sponsors that may have eluded the database search, we dida cross-cutting search by examining selected serial publications, including officialreports of major funding entities.

Official documents examined as part of the cross-cutting search included:

• CLIR annual reports, 1984-86, 1989-1996• OCLC research reports, 1985-86 through 1997• OERI abstracts of funded projects for HEA Title IIB, 1983-92• OERI abstracts of funded projects for HEA Title IIC, 1983-91• OERI abstracts of funded projects for HEA Title IID, 1983-89

Among the journals examined in hard copy or microfilm were:

• American Libraries 1991-97• Drexel Library Quarterly 1983-85• Journal of Library Administration 1983-88, 1996• Library and Information Science Research 1984, 1986-97• Library Journal 1994-97• Public Libraries 1987-95• Public Library Quarterly 1984-86• Reference Librarian 1988, 1990• RQ 1983-96

3. Placing data into the tables

As we acquired abstracts or complete copies of items that warranted inclusion in TablesIV or V, we began sorting them by category -- funded, unfunded. We assumed that if apublication carried no mention of a funder, it represented "unfunded" research.

19

3.a. The Tables

Tables IVA and B, in the words of the Letter of Agreement, identify "the majorfederal and non-federal funding sponsors for library and information scienceresearch from 1983 through June 1997." For each project the tables have thefollowing categories:

a. Sponsor (the funding entity)b. Program (the year that the project was funded)c. Focus (the subject of the research)d. Type (methodology or general approach; e.g. statistical analysis, casestudy)e. Funding (dollar amount)f. Researcher (principal investigator(s) with affiliation(s)g. Institution (affiliation of the P.I.; usually also the fiscal agent)

Tables VA and B identify "additional (not institutionally funded)" researchefforts, and for each project have the following categories:

a. Researcher (name and date of publication)b. Institution (affiliation of author)c. Project (title of article, dissertation, or other item)d. Focus (subject area)e. Type (methodology or general approach, e.g. statistical analysis, casestudy)

. Table VA, research published in periodicals, is a cross-section, not acomprehensive listing. The annual production of LIS research articles --amounting to perhaps several hundred a year -- is too large for detailedexamination of the sort required by the project. However, it is likely that thisselection, based on a variety of search techniques applied to an array ofperiodicals, captures a good sense of basic trends.

Table VB is based on a search of the Dissertation Abstracts database; it is acomprehensive listing of theses and dissertations in LIS that relate to publiclibraries

Each project bears a date. For funded projects the date is usually the project'sbeginning date; for dissertations it is the date of acceptance by the university; forperiodical literature is the date of publication. Funding for multi-year projectswas attributed to the beginning year.

20

3.b. Closing gaps

As we began placing items in the tables we identified gaps in information, mostcommonly the level of funding. When we could not locate information from theannual reports or grants databases of foundations and federal agencies or fromwebpages, we made phone calls, to approximately 40 foundations, other funders,and principal investigators.

Despite our efforts, the funding data are incomplete. In some cases we simplycould not locate anyone who had the information we needed; in others the funderswere unable to provide an estimate of support for projects done in-house. Inaddition, we did not have the time to assess the contribution of the LibraryServices and Construction Act (LSCA), for decades the largest federal programfor public libraries. Upon advice from staff at OERI, we decided that it was nottime- or cost-effective to sift through the hundreds of state reports that constitutethe documentation of LSCA projects, especially considering that LSCA, aimedlargely at construction, implementation, and staff support, did not constitute amajor funding source for LIS research.

3.c. Removing redundancies

If we found that a given research effort was represented by more than one citation-- such as a dissertation that was also the basis for a monograph or article, or afunded project that provided the research for a journal article -- we selected onlyone citation to represent the research in the tables. We chose the fundedmanifestation of a given project over its unfunded manifestation; thus an OERI-funded project described in an annual report by the Department of Education andalso represented by a journal article or monograph appears only once, in Table IV(funded projects).

4. Special assistance from sponsors/funders/libraries

At the request of LFF, Thomas C. Phelps, director of the Division of Public Programs,National Endowment for the Humanities, arranged for a search of NEH's in-housedatabase of grant awards. Suzanne Krouse provided general information on funding ofprojects by OCLC and back issues of annual reports that would have been otherwisedifficult to obtain. Richard Ekman, secretary of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation,discussed project priorities and funding and sent back issues of the foundation's annualreports. James Humphrey, president of the H. W. Wilson Foundation, and his secretarysearched files for funding information about projects, some dating to the mid 1980s.

Leigh Estabrook, Dean of the Graduate School of Library and Information Science,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, provided information about projects at theCenter on Public Library Research. Staff at the National Library of Education helped

21

locate annual reports for projects funded by Title II of the Higher Education Act. Thefiles of Libraries for the Future yielded several significant items.

22

The Data

We have looked at four categories of research:

Federally-funded research (Table IVA);

Privately funded research (Table IVB);

Research not funded from any obvious federal or private source but published(Table VA); and

Other research not fitting the above categories but available as dissertations,conference papers and the like (Table VB).

23

Table IVA: Federally funded library research(Listed in chronological order)

Sponsor Program Focus Type Funding P.I. Institution

OERI HEAII-B1983

Roles of school, academic,special, and communitylibraries in providingviewtext informationservices

assess-ment

60,000 MaryDeweaver

LawrenceJohnson &Assocs, Inc.

OERI HEAII-B1983

Determine impact of TitleII-B fellowships on thelibrary and informationscience profession

assess-ment

20,000 Mildred Lowe St. John’sUniversity

OERI LSCA1983-84

Public libraryeffectiveness: theory,measures, and determinants

assess-ment

Nancy A. VanHouse

MarylandState Library

OERI HEAII-B1985

Cooperative system forpublic library datacollection, to provide datafor NCES

pilotpro-gram

54,423 Mary JoLynch

ALA

OERI HEAII-B1985

Status of libraries inliteracy education

survey 148,037 DouglasZweizig et al.

UniversityofWisconsinMadison

OERI HEAII-B1986

Update of, and comparisonwith, a 1971 survey oflibrary services to the aging

Survey 22,674 Betty J.Turock

RutgersUniversity

OERI HEAII-B1986

Identifying researchableissues to help librariansattain or maintainleadership positions in aninformation society

Assess-ment

348,966 Kate Joyceand MaryKahn

WashingtonConsultingGroup

OERI LSCA1986

Relationship betweenlength of loan period andcirculation in publiclibraries

Survey >25,000 Susan Nelsonand HerbertGoldhor

Illinois StateLibrary

OERI HEAII-B1987

Cognitive models tofacilitate informationseeking

Devel-opment& testmodel

94,703 CarolKuhlthau

RutgersUniversity

OERI HEAII-B1987

Evaluation of adult libraryliteracy programs

Devel-opment& testmanual

52,969 DouglasZweizig

UniversityofWisconsin

OERI HEAII-B1987

The Public LibraryEffectiveness Study

Survey 132,000 ThomasChilders andNancy VanHouse

DrexelUniversity

Federally funded library research

24


OERI HEAII-B1987 or1988

Institute to review trends inkey subjects related tourban libraries [grantmentioned in monograph]

Confer-ence

MohammedAman andDonald Sager

UniversityofWisconsinMilwaukee

OERI HEAII-B1988

Assessing the informationneeds of rural Americans

Surveyandtrain-ingmater-ials

59,443 BernardVavrek

ClarionUniversity

OERI HEAII-B1988

Nature and improvement oflibrarian-user interactionand on-line searching forinformation delivery inlibraries

modeldevel-opmentandsearchanalysis

84,823 TefkoSaracevic

RutgersUniversity

OERI HEAII-B1988

A study of thedissemination of the PublicLibrary Planning Process

assess-ment

57,143 Verna L.Pungitore

IndianaUniversity

OERI HEAII-B1988

Medical literature as asource of new knowledge

citationandcontentanalysis

41,248 Ron R.Swanson

Universityof Chicago

OERI HEAII-B1988

Facilitating informationseeking through cognitivemodeling of the searchprocess

surveys 93,553 CarolKuhlthau

RutgersUniversity

OERI HEAII-D1988

Develop comparativeresearch data on twolibrary instruction methodsfor undergraduateengineering students

assess-ment

84,545 FrancesBenham,AssociateDean ofLibraries

Universityof Alabama

OERI HEAII-D1988

Evaluating use of newtechnology

assess-ment

101,622 Jack O’Bar,UniversityLibrary

Universityof Alaska

OERI HEAII-D1988

Research to measureeffects of a three-collegeautomation project onusers, staff, and institutions

assess-ment

102,643 Thomas A.Childers andBelver C.Griffith

DrexelUniversity

OERI HEAII-D1988

Purchase of hardware andresearch and demonstrationof technical requirementsfor a consortium

demon-strationproject

89,438 Patricia M.Kelly,UniversityLibrary

GeorgeWashingtonUniversity

OERI HEAII-D1988

Program to teach and guidestudents in using on-linepublic catalog andcomputerized and printreference sources

proto-typedevel-opment

117,558 Virginia Tiefel Ohio StateUniversityLibraries


25


OERI HEAII-D1988

Providing principles,guidelines, and desirablefeatures for a 3rd-generation on-line publicaccess catalog

casestudy

106,987 NicholasBelkin andTefkoSaracevic

RutgersUniversity

OERI HEAII-D1988

Evaluate use of fax copiersor scanners in lieu ofsending actual items orphotocopies

con-trolledtests

175,746 Robert J.Bertholf

SUNYBuffalo

OERI HEAII-B1989

Developing a prototypesystem for intelligentinformation retrieval

devel-opmentandfieldtest

63,500 Philip J. Smithand RebeccaDarling

Ohio StateUniversity

OERI HEAII-B1989

Hypermedia and researchmethodology

Soft-waredevel-opmentanduserobser-vation

55,500 EleanorLangstaff

BaruchCollege,CUNY

OERI HEAII-B1989

Age analysis of publiclibrary collections

sampl-ing andcompar-isons

78,375 DannyWallace

LSU

OERI HEAII-B1989

Local implementation ofthe public library planningand role setting process

fieldstudies

57,187 VernaPungitore

IndianaUniversity

OERI HEAII-B1989

Output measures forchildren’s services inpublic libraries

devel-opmentandfieldtest

42,014 VirginiaWalter

ALA

OERI HEAII-B1989

Assessing the role of therural public library

surveyandtrainingmanual


ClarionUniversity

OERI HEAII-D1989

To determine if hands-onexercises improve ability touse computer-basedresearch tools

assess-ment

85,677 MarvinWiggins

BrighamYoungUniversity

OERI HEAII-D1989

Benefit to rural-areastudents and faculty ofregional informationnetworks


38,128 Patricia J.Cutright

EasternOregon StateCollege


26


OERI HEAII-D1989

Development of an"electronic textbook" inhuman physiology

systemdevel-opment

200,287 Naomi C.Broering,BiomedicalInformationResourcesCenter

George-townUniversity

OERI HEAII-D1989

Development and study ofan intelligent referenceinformation system (ISIS)

systemdevel-opment

99,852 Robin N.Downes,UniversityLibrary

Universityof Houston

OERI HEAII-D1989

Pilot computer-basedtraining modules for stafftraining libraries

demo.project

66,901 Pauline S.Bayne, MusicLibrary

Universityof TennesseeKnoxville

OERI HEAII-B1989

Factors influencing theoutcome of challenges tomaterials in middle, junior,and high school libraries

casestudy

65,750 DianeHopkins

UniversityofWisconsin

OERI HEAII-B1989

Economics of publiclibraries and libraryfunding

survey;casestudy

57,100 Jane B.Robbins,DouglasZweizig

UrbanLibrariesCouncil

OERI HEAII-B1990

The impact of schoollibrary media centers onacademic achievement

dataanalysis

66,664 Keith CurryLance

State Libraryand AdultEducationOffice,ColoradoDepartmentof Education

OERI LSCATitle III1990

Book deterioration in Ohiolibraries

Assess-ment

Edward T.O’Neill &Wesley L.Boomgaarden

OCLC &Ohio StateLibrary

OERI LSCATitle I1991

Hypermedia project toprovide information in fourcounty library systems

Demon-strationproject

80,000 New JerseyState Library

OERI HEAII-B1991

Public library planningprocess in smaller libraries.

casestudy

45,700 VernaPungitore andCaroleNowicke

IndianaUniversity

OERI HEAII-B1991

Assessment of the publiclibrary’s mission in society

surveyandanalysis

108,354 George D’Elia UniversityofMinnesota

OERI HEAII-B1991

The use of children’smaterials in school andpublic libraries

surveyandanalysis

57,833 KathleenGarland

SUNYBuffalo

OERI HEAII-B1991

Embracing the tiger:learning from public libraryliteracy programs

casestudy

62,949 Andrew J.Seager

RMCResearch


27


OERI HEAII-B1991

Assessing information onthe Internet: libraryservices for computer-mediated communication

site andcontentanalysis

48,675 Martin Dillon OCLC

OERI HEAII-D1991

Testing a new design forsubject access to on-linecatalogues

fieldtest

KarenDrabenstott

Universityof Michigan

OERI LSCATitle I1991

Hypermedia project toprovide information in 4county library systems

demon-strationprojects

80,000 CamdenCounty,NeptunePublic,SouthBruns-wick,andSomersetCountyBridgewaterBranchlibraries

U.S.Congress

1993 Adult literacy and newtechnologies: tools for alifetime.

assess-ment

Office ofTechnologyAssessment

NCLIS 1994 Public libraries and theInternet: study results,policy issues, andrecommendations.

baseline study

67,759 Charles R.McClure, JohnCarlo Bertot &Douglas L.Zweizig

NEH PublicPrograms1994

Research anddemonstration to produce asubstantial body ofinformation about theorganizational, financial,and technical issuesinvolved in applying digitalimagery in the preservationarena.


363,491 Paul L.Conway

YaleUniversity

NCLIS &NSF

1995 Internet costs and costmodels for public libraries;publication.

baseline study

112,529 Charles R.McClure, JohnCarlo Bertot &John C.Beachboard

SyracuseUniversity

NCLIS 1996 Public Libraries and theInternet

Nation-alSurvey

76,965 John CarloBertot, et al

SyracuseUniversity

NCLIS 1997 Public Libraries and theInternet

Update 10,000 Charles R.McClure, JohnCarlo Bertot &John C.Beachboard

SyracuseUniversity

28

Table IVB: Privately funded library research(Listed in chronological order)


Old GoldSummerFellow-ship, Uni-versityIowa

1983 Naive vs sophisticatedmethods of forecastingpublic library circulations

casestudy

Terrence A.Brooks

University ofIowa, IowaCity

H.W.WilsonFndtn.

1983 The national libraryreference survey

surveyandanalysis

25,000 John W. Head ClarionUniversity

CLR 1983 Online catalog evaluationproject

dataanalysis

32,403 Ray R. Larson University ofCalifornia,Berkeley

CLR 1983 Relationship betweenbibliographic access tostored materials and facultyattitude and use

casestudy

31,747 University ofMichigan,Ann Arbor

FairfaxCountyPublicLibrary

1984 Comparative assessment ofpatrons’ uses andevaluations across publiclibraries within a system: areplication

surveysandanalysis

George D’Eliaand Elanor JoRodger

University ofMinnesota &PLA

CLR 1984 Dewey DecimalClassification as an on-linesearching tool for subjectaccess

assess-ment

94,350 Forest Press,Albany, NY

CLR 1984 Measuring public servicesimpact of an on-linecatalog

assess-ment

19,200 Louise S.Sherby

ColumbiaUniversity

CLR 1984 User success with an on-line catalog

casestudy

15,736 Nancy C.Kranich, et al

NYU

CLR 1984 Costs of consortiummembership

assess-ment

23,500 Tantalus, Inc.

UniversityofMichigan

1984 Childhood Socialization:Its Effect on Adult LibraryUse and Adult Reading

surveyandanalysis

5,000 Ronald R.Powell,Margaret T.Taylor, DavidL. McMillen

University ofMichigan

St. Law-rence Uni-versityLibrary

1985 Union-nonunion wagedifferentials in the publiclibrary

econo-micanalysis

500 Mary F.Rosenthal

Duluth PublicLibrary

BentonFndtn.

1985 Support of ACLU’s workon privacy implications ofnew computer andcommunicationtechnologies

explora-torystudy

25,000 ACLU

Privately funded library research

29


BentonFndtn.

1985 Telecommunication needsof nonprofits in the TwinCities area; resourcedirectory; seminars on newtechnologies

surveyandassess-ment

15,000 Spring HillCenter,Wayzata, MN

RutgersUniversityResearchCouncil

1985 Organization factors inmultitype librarynetworking: a national testof a model

fieldtest

Betty J.Turock

RutgersUniversity

UniversityWiscon-sin, Osh-kosh

1985 Development andevaluation of a measure oflibrary automation

devel-opmentandtesting


IndianaUniversity

CLR 1985 Role of fees in supportinglibrary and informationservices

assess-ment

10,000 NationalCommissionon Librariesand Infor-mationScience

CLR 1985 Impact of transaction feeson interlibrary loan

assess-ment

2,960 James H.Sweetland &Darlene E.Weigand

StateHistoricalSociety ofWisconsin

CLR 1985 Time management inacademic libraries

assess-ment

2,773 University ofArizona,Tucson

CLR 1985 Impact of technologicalchanges on libraryfunctional units

casestudy

3,000 University ofIllinois,Chicago

CLR 1985 Knowledge Bases andLibrary Education

surveyandanalysis

2,100 Ronald R.Powell andSheila D.Creth


OCLC 1985-86 Advanced interface designfor library retrieval systems

designandprototype

NA Martin Dillon OCLC

OCLC 1985-86 Automated title pagecatalogiing

designandtesting

NA Stuart Weibel OCLC

OCLC 1985-86 Class dispersion betweenthe Library of Congressclassification and theDewey Decimalclassification

assessment

NA Diane Vizine-Goetz

OCLC

OCLC 1985-86 CONSER abstracting andindexing title overlap

assessment

NA John E. Tolle OCLC


30


OCLC 1985-86 Display formats; to developexperimental methods forevaluating human-computer interfaces andrefine evaluationtechniques

design NA John E. Tolle OCLC

OCLC 1985-86 Graph-Text; to developprototype electronicdocument delivery system

designandfieldtesting

NA ThomasHickey

OCLC

OCLC 1985-86 Nonfiction book use bypublic library users

casestudy

NA ChandraPrabha

OCLC

OCLC 1985-86 OCLC CD-ROM retrievalsystem

designandfieldtest

NA Terry Noreault OCLC

OCLC 1985-86 OCLC database useanalysis: determination ofan appropriate databasesubset for cataloging on theOCLC M300 Workstation

assessment

NA Brigitte L.Kenney

OCLC

IndianaUniversitySchool ofLibraryand Infor-mationScience

1986 Perceptions of change andpublic library directors inIndiana: an exploratorystudy

surveyandanalysis

650 Verna L.Pungitore

IndianaUniversity

CLR 1986 Relationships betweenlibrary schools and theirinstitutions’ libraries

assess-ment

3,000 MarianneCooper &ShoshonaKaufmann

QueensCollege,CUNY

CLR 1986 The RLG conspectus as acollection management tool

assess-ment

10,000 ResearchLibrariesGroup, Inc.

CLR 1986 Information needs of publicaffairs scholars

assess-ment

2,996 SUNY Albany

CLR 1986 Coverage of library andinformation science inbibliographic databases

assess-ment

2,935 SUNYBuffalo

CLR 1986 Statistical reliability ofindicators in the RLGconspectus for music

assess-ment

3,000 SUNYBuffalo

CLR 1986 Long-range planning forlibraries and informationresources in researchuniversities

plan-ning

400,000 UCLA

CLR 1986 Effects of human factors ona library computer literacyprogram

casestudy

3,000 University ofMissouri,Columbia


31


CLR 1986 Roles of informationmanagers in U.S.universities

assess-ment

10,990 University ofPittsburgh

CLR 1986 Users’ interest in digitizedimages

casestudy

2,964 University ofTexas, Austin

CLR 1986 Effects of publishedreviews on librarypurchasing decisions

assess-ment

2,965 University ofWisconsin,Milwaukee

FordFndtn.

1986 Kinds of informationavailable on neighborhooddevelopment for use bycitizens and public officials

assess-ment

40,000 CUNY

OCLC 1986-87 Comparative classification;investigatesinterdisciplinary nature ofclassificatin theory andmethod

assessment

NA Francis L.Miksa

OCLC

OCLC 1986-87 Library of Congress ClassM subset: music; toidentify methods ofcorrecting records andcreate a prototype database

assessment anddesign

NA Jeanette M.Drone

OCLC

OCLC 1986-87 Online Union Catalogsubsetting analysis

assessment

NA John A. Bunge OCLC

OCLC 1986-87 Assessing access toalternative presspublications: women'spress titles in the OCLConline Union Catalog

assessment

NA SuzanneHildenbrand

SUNYBuffalo

OCLC 1986-87 Dynamics of the OCLConline Union Catalog

assessment

NA Debora Shaw Univ. Illinois,Urbana-Champaign

OCLC 1986-87 Holdings as a measure ofjournal value

assessment

NA Danny P.Wallace

LSU

OCLC 1986-87 Studies in automaticcataloging

surveyanalysis

NA ElaineSvenonius

UCLA

OCLC 1986-87 Variations in subjectcataloging in non-Libraryof Congress catalogingrecords

surveyanalysis

NA Lois Mai Chan Univ.Kentucky,Lexington

OCLC,CLR,Univ.Michigan

1986-87 Increasing the Accessibilityof Library of Congresssubject headings in onlinebibliographic systems

assessment

NA Karen Markeyet al.

OCLC &Univ.Michigan

CLR 1987 User persistence inscanning LCS postings

casestudy

1,200 Stephen E.Wiberley, Jr.,et al

University ofIllinois,Chicago

CLR 1987 User persistence inscanning LCS postings

casestudy

1200 Stephen E.Wiberley et al.

Univ. Illinois,Chicago


32


OCLC 1987-88 Automated documentstructure analysis

design NA Stuart L.Weibel

OCLC

OCLC 1987-88 Clustering equivalentbibliographic records

assessment

NA ElaineSvevonius

OCLC

OCLC 1987-88 Collection analysis;examines monographicacquisitions of selectedARL members

assessment

NA Edward T.O'Neill

OCLC

OCLC 1987-88 Connectionist models ofcomputation: theirpotential in informationsystems

exploratorystudy

NA Stuart T.Weibel

OCLC

OCLC 1987-88 Duplicate detection and the"species problem"

assessment

NA John A. Bunge OCLC

OCLC 1987-88 Managing large retrievals exploratorystudy

NA Chandra G.Prabha

OCLC

OCLC 1987-88 Scholars cross-referencesystem; a way ofcollecting, enhancing, andusing bibliographicrelationships not manifestin text per se

exploratorystudy

NA Paul B. Kantor OCLC

UniversityWisconsinInstituteon RaceandEthnicity&UniversityWisconsinGraduateSchool

1988 Toward a conceptual modelof factors influencing theoutcome of challenges tolibrary materials in schoolsettings

litera-turesurveyandanalysis

DianneMcAfeeHopkins

University ofWisconsin,Madison

CLR 1988 Microcomputer-baseddigital imaging as atechnique for preservinglibrary materials

fieldtest

2,500 UCLA

CLR 1988 To study users of full-textdatabases

casestudy

2,988 Carol Tenopir,Diane Nahl-Jakobovits,Dara LeeHoward

University ofHawaii,Manoa

CLR 1988 Perceived values ofadvanced subject degrees

casestudy

3,000 Mary Grosch& TerryWeech

University ofIllinois,Urbana

CLR 1988 Information needs ofphilosophers

baseline study

34,625 Mary EllenSievert

University ofMissouri,Columbia


33


IllinoisStateLibrary

1988 Survey of children’slibrarians in Illinois publiclibraries

survey Lorienne Roy University ofTexasAustin

OCLC 1988 Analytical study ofbibliographic data on a titlepage

assessment

3,000-10,000

Billie GraceHerring

Univ. Texas,Austin

OCLC 1988 Applying the revisedMARC format for three-dimensional objects inmuseums

assessment

3,000-10,000

Esther G.Bierbaum

Univ. Iowa,Iowa City

OCLC 1988 Evaluating subjectcollections

designand test

3,000-10,000

Howard D.White

Drexel Univ.

OCLC 1988 Measurement of subjectscatter in thesuperintendent ofdocuments classification

casestudyanddesign

3,000-10,000

Lee Shiflett LSU

OCLC 1988 Subject representations inmonographic records

assessment

3,000-10,000

PamelaReekesMcKirdy

SimmonsCollege

OCLC 1988-89 Enhancing topicalsearching usingclassification clustering

exploratorystudy

3,000-10,000

Ray R. Larson Univ.California,Berkeley

OCLC 1988-89 Relationship betweenlibrary holdings andselection sources

surveyanalysis

3,000-10,000

JudithSerebnick

Indiana Univ.

OCLC 1988-89 Automated documentarchitecture processing andtagging (ADAPT)

design NA Stuart L.Weibel

OCLC

OCLC 1988-89 Bibliographic control anddocument architecture inhypermedia databases

assessment

NA RolandHjerppe

OCLC

OCLC 1988-89 Cataloger's assistant;prototype system forsupporting the catalogingfunction

designandtesting

NA Diane Vizine-Goetz

OCLC

OCLC 1988-89 Cataloging time andworkflow studies; in 1public and 3 academiclibraries

casestudy

NA Chandra G.Prabha

OCLC

OCLC 1988-89 Design of interfaces anddatabases for electronicmedia (DIADEM)

assessment

NA Martha J.Lindeman

OCLC

OCLC 1988-89 Document imageprocessing toolbox

design NA John C.Handley

OCLC

OCLC 1988-89 Enhanced bibliographicretrieval

assessment

NA Martin Dillon OCLC

OCLC 1988-89 The Experimental LibrarySystem (XLS)

designandtesting

NA Thomas B.Hickey

OCLC


34


CLR 1989 Knowledge management:expanding the scholarlyrole of research libraries

assess-ment

182,808 Johns HopkinsUniversity

PolicyResearchInstitute,UniversityTexasAustin

1989 AIDS information servicesin U.S. public libraries:national comparison ofattitudes

survey W.BernardLukenbill

University ofTexas, Austin

AndrewW.MellonFndtn.

1989 University Libraries andScholarly Communication

baseline study

AnthonyCummings etal.

CLR 1989 Academic administrators’views on the role of collegelibraries

surveyandanalysis

1,830 LarryHardesty &David Kasser

EckerdCollege

CLR 1989 Unobtrusive testing ofreference service in adivisional academic library

casestudy

1,800 Cheryl Elzy,Alan Nourie,F.W.Lancaster

Illinois StateUniversityNormal--Bloomington

CLR 1989 Scope and impact ofbookmobile service in theU.S.

assessment

3,000 Bert R. Boyce& Judith I.Boyce

LSU

CLR 1989 Use of MARC formats forcataloging art objects

fieldtest

20,000 MuseumComputerNetwork,Syracuse, NY

CLR 1989 Editing efficiency of an on-line bibliographicinformation system

casestudy

2,350 NorthCarolina StateUniversity,Raleigh

CLR 1989 Impact of interdisciplinaryresearch on librarycollection-building

assess-ment

3,000 RutgersUniversity

CLR 1989 Economic analysis ofscholarly periodical costs

baseline study

27,800 StanfordUniversity

CLR 1989 Test of measures andcorrelates of academiclibrary performance

fieldtest

3,000 University ofCalifornia,Berkeley

CLR 1989 Humanists’ use of libraries casestudy

23,000 University ofIllinois,Chicago

CLR 1989 Application of behavioralresearch methodology toenvironmental designproblems in libraries

explora-torystudy

2,587 University ofIllinois,Urbana

CLR 1989 Improving subjectsearching in online catalogs

exploratorystudy

Karen MarkeyDrabenstott &Diane Vizine-Goetz

Univ.Michigan;OCLC


35


CLR 1989 Advanced retrievalmethods for online catalogs

surveyanddesignofmodel

Edward A.Fox

VirginiaPolytechnicInstitute andState Univ.

OCLC 1989-90 General structure of aknowledge base for Anglo-American cataloging rules

exploratorystudy

3,000-10,000

Ling HweyJeng

Univ.Maryland,College Park

OCLC 1989-90 Identifying barriers toeffective subject access inlibrary catalogs

casestudy

3,000-10,000

F.W.Lancaster

Univ. Illinois,Urbana-Champaign

OCLC 1989-90 Investigating the structureof LCC and LCSH:developing a knowledgebase

assessment

3,000-10,000

DagobertSoergel


OCLC 1989-90 Toward integration ofonline resources

exploratorystudy

3,000-10,000

Linda C.Smith et al.

Univ. Illinois,Urbana-Champaign

OCLC 1989-90 The interlibrary loanprocess; data from 1 publicand 1 academic library

casestudy

NA Chanrda G.Prabha

OCLC

CLR 1990 Environmental factors inprofessional developmentactivities: does type ofacademic library affiliationmake a difference?

surveyanalysis

2,936 W. MichaelHavener andPhilip Worrell

University ofOklahoma

AmericanLibraryAssocia-tion

1990 Information Services toSmall Businesses fromPublic Libraries

designandfieldtest

10,000 Evelyn Daniel University ofNorthCarolina atChapel Hill

UniversityIllinois,Urbana-Cham-paign

1990 Gender differences inattitudes toward usingcomputers in libraries: anexploratory study

casestudy

1,600 Frances F.Jacobson

UniversityHigh SchoolLibrary,University ofIllinois atUrbana-Champaign

MillbrookPress, Inc.

1990 The Millbrook Report: thechanging role of the schoollibrary

inter-views&survey

CLR 1990 Comparison of on-line andmanual search capabilitiesof students

casestudy

1,000 Kent StateUniversity

CLR 1990 Information seekingbehavior of scientists

casestudy

5,150 University ofColorado,Boulder


36


CLR 1990 Study of searchingstrategies on CD-ROM

32,512 University ofIllinois,Champaign-Urbana

OCLC 1990 Public libraries and theINTERNET/NREN, toexplore roles for the publiclibrary in the networkedenvironment

survey 10,000 Charles R.McClure et al.

SyracuseUniv.

OCLC 1990-91 Automatic hierarchicalorganization of phrasesusing machine-readabledictionary information

designandprototype

3,000-10,000

Amy J.Warner

Univ.Michigan

OCLC 1990-91 Determining the content ofmachine-readablesubdivision records

exploratorystudy

3,000-10,000

Karen MarkeyDrabenstott

Univ.Michigan

OCLC 1990-91 Expert system interface toLibrary of Congress subjectheadings

design 3,000-10,000

PadminiSrinivasan

Univ. Iowa,Iowa City

OCLC 1990-91 Scholars' access to thedocuments they cite

surveyanalysis

3,000-10,000

Keith Swigger TexasWoman'sUniv.

OCLC 1990-91 Obsolete Library ofCongress Subject headings

assessment anddesign

NA Roy Cheng etal.

WesternIllinois Univ.& OCLC

OCLC 1990-91 Record matching forauthority control

assess-ment

NA Edward T.O'Neill

OCLC

Universityof IllinoisSILS

1991 National opinion poll onpublic library issues

survey 25,000 LeighEstabrook

University ofIllinoisLibraryResearchCenter

CLR 1991 Conference on publiclibrary effectiveness

confer-ence

16,760 DrexelUniversity

CLR 1991 Comparison of journal useto reported relative value,college discipline, andsubscription cost

assess-ment

3,000 Texas A&MUniversity

CLR 1991 Effects of integratinginformation technology onjob classification andcompensation systems

casestudy

18,560 AnneWoodsworth

University ofPittsburgh

OCLC 1991 Public libraries and theINTERNET/NREN, toexplore roles for the publiclibrary in the networkedenvironment

survey 10,000 Charles R.McClure et al.

SyracuseUniversity


37


Assoc.CollegeResearchLibraries& Con-sultingPsycholo-gists Press

1991-92 Shattering our stereotype:librarians’ new image

surveyandanalysis

15,000 Mary JaneScherdin

EdgewoodCollegeLibrary

OCLC 1992 Enhancing a new designfor subject access to on-line catalogues

casestudy

10,000 KarenDrabenstott


CLR 1992 Interlibrary loan cost study assessment

10,000 ARL

CLR 1992 Determining factorsleading Earlham Collegegraduates to enter libraryschools

casestudy

1,000 EarlhamCollege

CLR 1992 Functionality of on-linecatalogs

assess-ment

11,000 Charles R.Hildreth

Charles R.Hildreth,Springfield, IL

CLR 1992 Price discrimination ofeconomics journals

assess-ment

3,109 George A.Chressanthus& June D.Chressanthus

MississippiStateUniversity

CLR 1992 Decision-making processfor collection developmentin libraries

casestudy

6,359 SimmonsCollege

CLR 1992 Effectiveness ofaffirmative actionguidelines on recruitmentand promotion of minoritylibrarians

casestudy

2,879 University ofArizona,Tucson

CLR 1992 Users’ persistence inscanning postings in an on-line public access catalog

casestudy

5,330 Stephen E.Wiberley, Jr.,et al

University ofIllinois,Chicago


1992 Research Libraries Project 25,000 ARL &Association ofAmericanUniversities

OCLC 1992-93 Electronic texts andtraditional indexes: a studyof applicability andperformance

casestudy

3,000-10,000

Elizabeth D.Liddy

SyracuseUniv.

OCLC 1992-93 Measuring diversity inpublic library collections

surveyanddesign

3,000-10,000

JudithSerebnick &Frank Quinn

Indiana Univ.

OCLC 1992-93 Document ranking usingsignature files

exploratorystudy

NA Dik Lun Lee Ohio StateUniv.


38


OCLC 1992-93 Estimating interlibrary loanvolume in 1993; includespublic libraries

statisticalanalysis

NA Chandra G.Prabha

OCLC

OCLC 1992-93 Experimental linguisticindexing for informationretrieval (ELIXIR)

exploratorystudy

NA C. Jean Godby& Bradley C.Watson

OCLC

OCLC 1992-93 Modeling user'spreferences for documentdelivery

surveyanalysis

NA Mark T.Kinnucan

Univ. WesternOntario


1992 or1993

Logical reasoning andretrieval performance

fieldtest andanalysis

500 Bryce Allen UniversityIllinois,Urbana-Champaign


1993 Economics of electroniclibrary of the future

baseline study

210,000 PrincetonUniversity

CLR 1993 Information-seekingpatterns of facultymembers and their use ofan on-line system

casestudy

3,518 Ingrid Hsieh-Yee

CatholicUniversity ofAmerica

CLR 1993 Information-seekingprocess among population-studies researchers

casestudy

4,000 Johns HopkinsUniversity

CLR 1993 Cost and beneficial impactsof library functions

assess-ment

97,612 Paul Kantor,JoannaD’Esposito-Wachtmann,TefkoSaracevic

RutgersUniversity

Camilleand HenryDreyfusFndtn.

1993 Cost-effectiveness ofdistributive access modelof electronic library as partof Fndtn.’s Planning Grantsfor Chemical Informatics

assess-ment

15,000 WashingtonUniversity

HenryLuceFndtn.

1993 New electronic virtuallibrary system, incollaboration with librariesof Harvard University andYale University

develop-ment

300,000 EmoryUniversity

J.M.KaplanFndtn.,O’ReillyandAssoc-iates

1993 Project GAIN: Connectingrural public libraries to theInternet [in New YorkState]

pilotproject

65,000 Charles R.McClure et al.

InformationManagementConsultantServices, viaNYSERnet,Inc.


39


PLA 1993 Information about libraryprograms servingmulticultural and/ormultilingual populations

nationalsurvey

1,000 Lee Olivier,Robert Belvin,SylviaManoogian

Services toMulticulturalPopulationsCommittee ofthe PLA

OCLC 1993 Empirical test of gophersearching using threeorganizational schemes

fieldtest

10,000 C. Olivia Frost& JosephJanes



1993 Research Libraries Project 50,000 ARL &Association ofAmericanUniversities


1994 Impact of school librarymedia centers on academicachievement

survey 11,000 EdwardLakner



1994 Impact of ISL per capitagrant program on quality oflibrary service



OCLC 1994 Developing controlmechanisms for intellectualaccess for discipline-basedlibraries

modeldevelop-ment

10,000 Marcia LeiZent

Kent StateUniversity

CLR 1994 Cost-benefits of accesscompared to ownershipcosts for expensiveresearch journals

assess-ment

54,012 Eleanor A.Gossen andSuzanneIrving

University atAlbanyFndtn.,Albany, NY

CLR 1994 Benchmarking pilot projecton interlibrary loan

pilotproject

17,540 Intern.SystemsServices Corp.and Jack A.Siggins

ARL

CLR 1994 Analytical framework andbaseline for networkedinformation resources andservices

baseline study

25,000 Coalition forNetworkedInformation

CLR 1994 Search patterns of in-library on-line catalogusers

casestudy

4,083 University ofCalifornia,Santa Cruz

CLR 1994 Attitudes of municipal andcounty officials towardpublic libraries

surveyandanalysis

12,000 University ofIllinois,LibraryResearchCenter

CarnegieCorporation of NewYork

1994 Implications of technologydevelopments for highereducation and scholarlycommunication

baseline study

180,000 Commissionon Preserva-tion andAccess


40


NathanCummngsFndtn.

1994 Forums to assess societalimpact of emerginginternational informationinfrastructure

confer-ence

10,000 AspenInstitute

MardagFndtn.

1994 Library Equity andExcellence Project,designed to support libraryimprovement and schoolreform in elementaryschool libraries in SaintPaul


105,000 Saint PaulPublicEducationFund, SaintPaul, MN


1994 Comprehensive evaluationmethodology for ongoingactivities in creating digitallibrary

develop-ment

700,000 ColumbiaUniversity


1994 Research project oneconomics of electroniclibrary of the future

assess-ment

290,000 PrincetonUniversity


1994 Journal Storage Project, tomake back issues or coreperiodicals available tofaculty and students indigital format

pilotphaseofproject

700,000 Univ.Michigan


1994 Journal Storage Project testsites

fieldtests

75,000 Five privatecolleges

KelloggFndtn.

1995 Buildings, books, andbytes: libraries andcommunities in the digitalage; report on public’sopinion of library leaders’vision of the future

surveyandanalysis

100,000 BentonFoundation

H.W.WilsonFndtn.

1995 Concerns about fundraisingby public institutions:public libraries as a casestudy

casestudy

37,950 Thomas A.Jeavons

UrbanLibrariesCouncil

OCLC 1995 Creating DTDs via the GB-Engine and Fred

designand test

NA Keith E.Shafer

OCLC

CLR 1995 Information locator systemprototype


24,880 New YorkState Library,Albany

W.K.KelloggFndtn.

1995 Institutional and policyissues in development ofDigital Library

assess--ment

650,000 HarvardUniversity

John andJamesKnightFndtn.

1995 Project at branches servingdisadvantagedneighborhoods


100,000 PhiladelphiaFree Library


41


LillyEndow-ment

1995 Technological developmentin theological libraries

appliedresearch

133,650 AuburnTheologicalSeminary


1995 Electronic journals in fieldof religious studies1995

feasibil-itystudy

250,000 EmoryUniversity


1995 Study of interlibrary loan assess-ment

160,000 ARL

OCLC 1995 Creating DTDs via the GB-Engine and Fred

designand test

NA Keith E.Shafer

OCLC

OCLC 1995 Effect of linkage structureon retrieval performanceand user response in ahypertext-basedbibliographic system

fieldtest

5,000 AlexandraDimitroff &DietmarWolfram

Univ.Wisconsin,Milwaukee


1996 Impact of cooperativecollection development onacademic libraries ofIllinois




1996 15-year cost-benefitanalysis of Illinois publiclibraries

statisti-calanalysis

6,000 EdwardLakner


OCLC 1996 Impact of scholarlyjournals on scholarlycommunication: areference and citation study

statisti-calanalysis

3,000-10,000

StephenP.Harter

Indiana Univ.

OCLC 1996 An experimental study ongraphical tables of contents

designandtesting

3,000-10,000

Xia Lin Univ.Kentucky

OCLC 1996 Analyzing the viability ofusing peer group holdingsas an evaluation tool forpublic library adult fiction

statistical study

3,000-10,000

James H.Sweetland &Judith J.Senkevitch


OCLC 1996 A relational thesaurus:modeling semanticrelationships using frames

exploratorystudy

3,000-10,000

RebeccaGreen


OCLC 1996 Automatic subjectassignment via theScorpion System; buildingtools for automatic subjectrecognition based on well-known schemes

design NA Keith E.Shafer

OCLC


42


OCLC 1996 Characteristics of articlesrequested through OCLCinterlibrary loan

statisticalanalysis

NA Chandra G.Prabha

OCLC

Librariesfor theFuture

1996 Private philanthropicfunding of public libraries

baseline study

NA Linda Kravitzet al.

Libraries forthe Future

OCLC 1996 Impact of scholarlyjournals on scholarlycommunication: areference and citation study

statisticalanalysis

3,000-10,000

StephenP.Harter

Indiana Univ.

OCLC 1996 An experimental study ongraphical tables of contents

designandtesting

3,000-10,000

Xia Lin Univ.Kentucky

OCLC 1996 Analyzing the viability ofusing peer group holdingsas an evaluation tool forpublic library adult fiction

statistical study

3,000-10,000

James H.Sweetland &Judith J.Senkevitch


OCLC 1996 A relational thesaurus:modeling semanticrelationships using frames

exploratorystudy

3,000-10,000

RebeccaGreen


OCLC 1996 Automatic subjectassignment via theScorpion System; buildingtools for automatic subjectrecognition based on well-known schemes

design NA Keith E.Shafer

OCLC

OCLC 1996 Characteristics of articlesrequested through OCLCinterlibrary loan

statisticalanalysis

NA Chandra G.Prabha

OCLC

This information was compiled from the National Library of Education’s ERICresources, NSF Searchable Databases, the Foundation Center’s Grants Index, theChronicle of Philanthropy, Libraries for the Future’s database on philanthropic supportfor public libraries, and other sources.

43

Table VA: Journal articles(listed in chronological order)

Researcher Year Institution Project (title) Focus Type

Lois Buttlar &Rajinder Garcha

Kent State University& University ofToledo Library

Organizational structure inacademic libraries

Examines how the work of academiclibrarians is structured and whethertraditional functions of public servicesand technical services are still separated

survey &analysis

Alan R. Samuelsand Charles R.McClure

1983 Dept. ofLibrary/Educa-tionalTechnology,University of NorthCarolina,Greensboro; Schoolof Library Science,University ofOklahoma

Utilization of Information forDecision Making underVarying OrganizationalClimate Conditions in PublicLibraries

Addresses the problem, Is organizationalinformation-processing related toorganizational climate in a public librarysetting?

case study

Peter Hiatt 1983 School ofLibrarianship,University ofWashington, Seattle

Should Professionals BeManagers?

Discusses confusion betweenadministration and management; formalmanagement techniques and principlesmust be applied to library administration

case study

Stuart Glogoff 1983 University ofDelaware

Communication Theory’sRole in the ReferenceInterview

Examines how communication sciencetheory contributes to the "negotiation" ofreference questions between user andlibrarian

literaturereview andanalysis

William SkehWong and DavidS. Zubatsky

1983 University of Illinois,Urbana-Champaign

The First-Time AppointedAcademic Library Director1970-1980: A Profile

Investigates socio-demographiccharacteristics of first-time appointeddirectors, as well as their academictraining and professional activities beforeappointment

survey-basedanalysis

Marilyn DomasWhite

1983 University ofMaryland, CollegePark

The Reference EncounterModel

Develops a model of the referenceinterview that incorporates humaninformation processing, particularly theschema ideas of Minsky and othertheorists

explor-atorystudy

Margaret E.Monroe

1983 University ofWisconsin, Madison

An Approach to TheoreticalFoundations for ReaderServices

Examines theory about reader services"as a construct of principles whichinteract in such a way as to permitexplanation or prediction of results oftheir practical application”

researchreport

Elaine Trzebiatow-ski

1984 Abbott NorthwesternLibrary, Minneapolis

End User Study onBRS/After Dark

Evaluates first-time end user reactions toon-line database searching on the menu-driven BRS/After Dark search system

case study

John W. Head1984

1984 Clarion University ofPennsylvania

The National Rural LibraryReference Survey

Discussion of survey of 1100 rurallibraries

surveyanalysis

GlenieceArmstrongRobinson

1984 Dallas Public Library Management DevelopmentPrograms in Large PublicLibraries

Asks how libraries are planning andestablishing management developmentprograms

research

Terry L. Weechand HerbertGoldhor

1984 Graduate School ofLibrary andInformation Science,University of Illinois,Urbana-Champaign

Reference Clientele and theReference Transaction inFive Illinois Public Libraries

With data gather from a user survey,study examines feasibility of amethodology for obtaining data onbehavior and perceptions

case study

John N. DePewand Anne MarieAllison

1984 School of Libraryand InformationStudies, FloridaState University,Tallahassee;University of CentralFlorida Libraries

Factors Affecting AcademicLibrary Administration,1976-1981

Reexamines surveys done in 1976 and1981 to determine if "libraryadministrators had control over theirown libraries, and to what extent . . .that control had been diluted by internaland/or external groups, administratorsand staff"

surveyanalysis

Ronald R. Powell 1984 School of LibraryScience, Universityof Michigan

Library Use and Personality:The Relationship betweenLocus of Control andFrequency of Use

Examines the relationship betweenpersonality, as represented by Rotter’sinternal vs. external control ofreinforcement, and frequency of publiclibrary use

researchreport

Journal articles

44


S.L. Baker 1984 University of Illinois Does the Use of a Demand-Oriented Selection PolicyReduce Overall CollectionQuality?

Examines the quality versus demanddebate, and finds no evidence to provethat demand-driven libraries have poorerbook collections than other libraries


Barbara Herrin,Louis R. Pointon &Sara Russell

1985 Personality andCommunications Behaviorsof Model School LibraryMedia Specialists

Examines stereotype of the schoollibrarian

case study

Susan E. Hilcheyand Jitka M.Hurych

1985 Argonne NationalLaboratory;Founders MemorialLibrary, NorthernIllinois University

User Satisfaction or UserAcceptance? StatisticalEvaluation of an OnlineReference Service

Evaluates user satisfaction with an on-line reference service

surveyanalysis

Ernest R.Alexander

1985 Dept. of UrbanPlanning, Universityof Wisconsin,Milwaukee

Cost Allocation Issues inInterlibrary Systems

Explores questions of allocating serviceand transactional costs

case study

Grace Donoho 1985 Old High ElementarySchool, Bentonville,AR

Measures of AudiovisualProduction Activities withStudents

Describes library media program thatuses local audiovisual production as afocal point; provides a technique formeasuring impact

case study

Esther GreenBierbaum

1985 School of LibraryScience, Universityof Iowa

The Third Dimension:Dealing with Objects inPublic Library Collections

Based on a survey of object collectionsin selected public libraries; notes inverserelationship between library staff sizeand likelihood of having objects incollection.

survey -based study

Bonnie C. Carroll& Donald W. King

1985 U.S. Dept. of EnergyOffice of Scientificand TechnicalInformation & KingResearch Inc.

Value of Information Focuses on data and methods toquantify value in the hope that this willassist in the budget formulation processof libraries

baselinestudy

Darlene E.Weigand and NoelRyan

1985 University ofWisconsin, Madison;Mississauga LibrarySystem (Ontario)

Managerial Competence andSkills: A Joint Study in theUnited States and Canada

Attempts to determine whether top-levelmanagers of libraries have thoseadministrative skills which facilitateeffective management

survey-based study

Nancy Birch,Maurice P.Marchant &Nathan M. Smith

1986 Brigham YoungUniversity, HI;School of Libraryand InformationScience, BrighamYoung University, UT

Perceived Role Conflict, RoleAmbiguity, and ReferenceLibrarian Burnout in PublicLibraries

Maslach Burnout Inventory was mailedto 825 reference librarians and resultsanalyzed using frequencies andregression subprograms; resultscompared to studies of teachers

survey-based study

Mary Howes 1986 Miller School,Westmont, IL

Evaluation of the Effects ofa Public Library SummerReading Program onChildren’s Reading Scoresbetween First and SecondGrade

Comparison of students who participatedin summer reading programs and thosewho did not

case study

Robert Grover andJack Glazier

1986 School of Libraryand InformationManagement,Emporia StateUniversity; School ofLibrary andInformation Science,University ofMissouri, Columbia

A Conceptual Framework forTheory Building in Libraryand Information Science

Proposes a model that displaysrelationships among phenomena andvarious levels of theory and research.Proposed taxonomy provides aframework for researchers and theorists.

explora-torystudy

Stephen E. James 1986 School of Libraryand InformationStudies, AtlantaUniversity

Economic Hard Times andPublic Library Use: A CloseLook at the Librarians’Axiom

In contrast with a British survey, authorfinds no data to support rule of thumbthat U.S. public library use increasesduring economic hard times.

research

John Budd 1986 SoutheasternLouisiana University

Interlibrary Loan Service: AStudy of Turnaround Time

Studies use of OCLC to provide data onturnaround time and comparison overtime

researchreport

David F. Kohl andLizabeth A. Wilson

1986 University ofColorado, Boulder;University of Illinois,Urbana-Champaign

Effectiveness of Course-Integrated BibliographicInstruction in ImprovingCoursework

Study supports "major trend emerging inbibliographic instruction of a cognitiveapproach to research instruction."

case study

Journal articles

45


Peter Hernon andCharles McClure

1987 Graduate School ofLibrary andInformation Science,Simmons College;School ofInformation Studies,Syracuse University

Quality of Data Issues inUnobtrusive Testing ofLibrary Reference Service:Recommendations andStrategies

Discusses issues relating to thereliability, validity, utility, andinformation "value" of unobtrusivetesting

case study

HerbertGoldhor

1987 Library ResearchCenter, University ofIllinois, Urbana-Champaign

An Analysis of Data on theNumber of Public LibraryReference Questions

Analyzes data collected between 1970and 1985 in 9 states

researchreport

Mary Ellen(Kennedy) Collins

1987 Purdue University Attitudes of Public ServiceAcademic Librarians towardthe Elderly

Older Americans are increasinglyprominent as students in highereducation; librarians’ attitudes towardthem have changed

surveyanalysis

Robert N. Broadus 1987 School of LibraryScience, Universityof North Carolina,Chapel Hill

Information Needs ofHumanities Scholars: AStudy of Requests Made atthe National HumanitiesCenter

Analysis of research requests andcompared with results of citation andlibrary use studies

case study

Daniel Arrigona &EleanorMathews

1988 Austin Public Library(T1) and Iowa StateUniversity

A Use Study of an AcademicLibrary Reference Collection

Types of materials consulted wereinterpreted by use indexes, to testhypothesis that librarians and patronsuse the reference collection differently

case study

Gene V. Glass andIsabel Schon

1988 College of Education,Arizona StateUniversity, Tempe

Effects of an English-onlyLaw on Public LibraryAcquisition Policies,Practices, and Librarians’Attitudes toward Books inSpanish for Children andYoung Adults

Evaluates effects of the CaliforniaEnglish-only law in a "pretest-posttestnonequivalent control group quasi-experiment"

case study

Thomas Childers 1988 College ofInformation Studies,Drexel University

Do Library Systems Make aDifference?

A Study of the effect of federatedsystems was performed on thepopulation of system and nonsystemcounties in Pennsylvania

case study

Charles A. Seavey 1988 Graduate LibrarySchool, UniversityArizona, Tucson

Measuring the impact ofpublic library systemformation on local libraryservice: a Wisconsin casestudy

Discusses four studies measuring levelsof library service; develops and testshypotheses about impact of systemdevelopment

case study

Janet M. Lange 1988 independentconsultant

Public Users, Nonusers, andTypes of Library Use

Based on phone poll of county residentsof a southwestern state, comparesexpected levels and types of use withactual situation.

surveyanalysis

Herbert Goldhor 1988 Library ResearchCenter, University ofIllinois, Urbana-Champaign

The Effect of Publicity onInterlibrary Loan Requestsin Ten Illinois PublicLibraries

Examines whether a publicity programhad a demonstrable effect on thebehavior of patrons regarding interlibraryloan

case study

Holly G. Willett 1988 School of Libraryand InformationStudies, University ofWisconsin

The ChangingDemographics of Children’sServices

Analysis of current library use and U.S.demographic trends to predict futureneeds.

researchreport

Joan Durrance andDoris Preston

1988 University ofMichigan

Common Public PolicyIssues Faced by theNation’s Communities:Forging a Public LibraryResponse

Drawing on studies, authors offer waysto provide users with electronicinformation

posi-tionpaper

Elizabeth J.McNeer

1988 Wright StateUniversity Library

The Mentoring Influence inthe Careers of Women ARLDirectors

Examines role of mentoring, based oninterviews with 16 directors

survey andanalysis

Sally Felix 1989 PLA Governance of PublicLibraries: CommitteeFindings

survey andanalysis

Lawrence W.S.Auld

1989 Dept. of Library andInformation Studies,East CarolinaUniversity

GRE General Test Scoresand Grade Point Averagesas Predictors of ProfessionalSalaries for Librarians

Some correlations found for males andfor persons employed in some types oflibraries; undergraduate grade pointaverages were the most frequentcontributors to these correlations.

researchreport

Journal articles

46


Charles A. Seavey 1989 Graduate LibrarySchool, UniversityArizona, Tucson

The public library in society:the relationship of librariesand socioeconomicconditions

Examines factors associated with thedevelopment or success of the publiclibrary; examines numerical measuresand relates them to socioeconomicfactors

explora-torystudy

Connie Van Fleet 1989 Indiana University Public Library Service toOlder Adults: SurveyFindings and theirImplications

Examines national survey findings andexplores need for common servicephilosophy based on lifelong learning

surveyanalysis

Michael J. Fimian,Sandra A.Benedict & StacieJohnson

1989 New EnglandImages; Winston-Salem/ForsythCounty Schools;Amos CottageRehabilitationHospital & EastForsyth High School

The Measure ofOccupational Stress andBurnout among LibraryMedia Specialists

Discusses development of MediaSpecialist Stress Inventory; "regressionanalyses indicated that four of the sixstress factors predicted significantburnout levels."

researchreport

Robert Burgin 1989 School of Libraryand InformationSciences, NorthCarolina CentralUniversity

Guttman Scale Analysis: AnApplication to LibraryScience

Develops a Guttman scale ofrestrictiveness in dealing with overdues;relates data from a 1986 survey to thescale

surveyanalysis

V. Lonnie Lawson 1989 Ward EdwardsLibrary, CentralMissouri StateUniversity

Using a Computer-AssistedInstruction Program toReplace the TraditionalLibrary Tour: AnExperimental Study

Asks if freshmen who use a computer-assisted instruction program had higherpost-test means than students who tooka traditional library tour

case study

Choong Han Kim 1990 Indiana StateUniversity, TerreHaute

Occupational Users andUses of the Public Library

Tests three hypotheses concerningpublic library users and uses

researchreport

Charles D.Patterson andDonna W. Howell

1990 Louisiana StateUniversity; Universityof Georgia, Athens

Library User Education:Assessing the Attitudes ofThose Who Teach

Findings of a survey to determine theeducational preparedness and attitudesof librarians who participate inbibliographic instruction

surveyanalysis

Dong Y. Jeong 1990 School ofCommunication,Information andLibrary Studies,Rutgers University

The Nature of theInformation Sector in theInformation Society: AnEconomic and SocietalPerspective

Proposes a new classification model ofthe "information economy."

positionpaper

Kathleen Garland 1990 School ofInformation andLibrary Studies,University ofMichigan

Gender Differences inScholarly Publication amongFaculty in ALA AccreditedLibrary Schools

Analyzes recent productivity studies oflibrary and information science facultyand investigated gender differences inpublication among a sample of facultyover a five-year span


Frances SmardoDowd

1990 School of Libraryand InformationStudies, TexasWomen’s University

Latchkey Children: ACommunity and PublicLibrary Phenomenon

Case studies, statistics, and survey dataabout a growing issue.

researchreport

Beth Sandore 1990 University of Illinois,Urbana-Champaign

Online Searching: WhatMeasure Satisfaction?

Describes a research project that usedquantitative measures to examineindicators of search satisfaction

case study

Thomas Childers,Cynthia Lopata &Brian Stafford

1991 College ofInformation Studies,Drexel University

Measuring the Difficulty ofReference Questions

Seeks to develop a measure of differinglevels of difficulty of reference questionshandled by the California interlibraryreference referral network

baselinestudy

Gillian S.Gremmels

1991 DePauw UniversityLibrary; IndianaUniversity

Reference in the PublicInterest: An Examination ofEthics

"Examines the validity of the neutralitystance as the primary response toreference questions that present ethicaldilemmas."

explora-torystudy

Helen M. Gothberg 1991 Graduate LibrarySchool, University ofArizona, Tucson

Time Management in PublicLibraries

Survey about how library directorsmanage their time

surveyanalysis

Cheryl Metoyer-Duran

1991 Graduate School ofLibrary andInformation Science,UCLA

Information-SeekingBehavior of Gatekeepers inEthnolinguisticCommunities: a Taxonomy

Presents a model for information-seekingbehavior of ethnolinguistic gatekeepers

researchreport

Journal articles

47


Michael Bell andHerman L. Totten

1991 La Joya IndependentSchool District;University of NorthTexas

Interactional Patterns ofSchool Media Specialistswith School InstructionalStaff

Analysis of data collected from schoolmedia professionals in 19 academicallydistinguished public elementary schoolsin Texas

case study

Jim Scheppke, 1991 Oregon State Library The governance of publiclibraries: findings of thePLA Governance of PublicLibraries Committee

Discusses national survey aimed atdetermining governance of publiclibraries

survey &analysis

Kathleen Garland 1991 School ofInformation andLibrary Studies,University ofMichigan

Nature of Publications byLIS Faculty

Examines nature of literature producedby random sample of faculty in ALA-accredited schools of library andinformation science, 1980-84

researchreport

Maurice P.Marchant

1991 School of Libraryand InformationSciences, BrighamYoung University,Provo

What Motivates Adult Use ofPublic Libraries?

Examines four motivators to explainadult use of public libraries


Prudence WardDalrymple,Timothy Cole,Bryce Allen &Debra WilcoxJohnson

1991 University of Illinois,Urbana-Champaign;University ofWisconsin, Madison

Measuring StatewideInterlibrary Loan amongMultitype Libraries: ATesting of Data CollectionApproaches

Describes an attempt to design and testa data collection process in Illinois

case study

Thura Mack 1991 University ofTennessee Libraries

A Model Methodology forSelecting Women’s StudiesCore Journals

Citation analysis provides a meaningfulevaluation tool for bibliographers andcollection managers


Prudence WardDalrymple andDouglas L. Zweizig

1992 American LibraryAssociation; Schoolof Library andInformation Studies,University ofWisconsin, Madison

Users’ Experience ofInformation RetrievalSystems: An Exploration ofthe Relationship betweenSearch Experience andAffective Measures

Reports on factor analysis of affectivedata gathered from a study of searchingbehavior in two library catalogs

case study

James V.Carmichael, Jr.

1992 Dept. of Library andInformation Studies,University of NorthCarolina, Greensboro

The Male Librarian and theFeminine Image: A Surveyof Stereotype, Status, andGender Perceptions

Reports results of survey of malelibrarians relating to the maleprofessional stereotype and impact ofsocial expectations and gender-relatedwork issues

surveyanalysis

Christine M.Koontz

1992 Florida Resourcesand EnvironmentalAnalysis Center,Florida StateUniversity,Tallahassee

Public Library SiteEvaluation and Location:Past and Present Market-Based Modeling Tools forthe Future

Presents a new methodology forconstruction of location modeling forpublic libraries in diverse urbanenvironments

multi-disci-plinaryliteraturereview andanalysis

Robert M. Hayes 1992 Graduate School ofLibrary andInformation Science,UCLA

Measurement of Use andResulting Access AllocationDecisions

Presents a model for distribution of useof information records, and derives ameans for decision-making aboutallocation to various levels of access

case study

FariborzDamanpour andWilliam M. Evan

1992 Graduate School ofManagement,Rutgers University;Wharton School

The Adoption of Innovationsover Time: StructuralDeterminants andConsequences in Libraries

Delineated three groups of organizationsaccording to their rate of innovationsover time; characteristics andperformance were illustrated withempirical data from public libraries

researchreport

Mary Riskind 1992 Montclair PublicLibrary

Library Use as an EconomicIndicator

1991 survey of 39 NJ public libraries aidsin assessing relationship betweeneconomic well-being and library use.

surveyreport

Lois Buttlar andWilliam Caynon

1992 School of Libraryand InformationScience, Kent StateUniversity

Recruitment of Librariansinto the Profession: TheMinority Perspective

Examines why minorities choose tobecome librarians and which recruitingtechniques are believed most effective

researchreport

Holly G. Willett 1992 School of Libraryand InformationStudies, TexasWoman’s University

Public Library Directors inthe OrganizationalEnvironment: Four CaseStudies

Uses the resource dependence approachto open systems theory and thenegotiated social order perspective todiscuss activities and attitudes of 9directors of 4 California public libraries

case study

Journal articles

48


Donald J. Kenneyand Gail McMillan

1992 University Libraries,Virginia Tech,Blacksburg

State Library Associations:How Well Do They SupportProfessional Development?

Seeks to determine how state libraryassociations perceive their missions tomembers in areas of professionaldevelopment and continuing education

surveyanalysis

GaryMarchionini,Sandra Dwiggins,Andrew Katz & XiaLin

1993 College of Libraryand InformationSciences, Universityof Maryland, CollegePark

Information Seeking in Full-Text End-User-OrientedSearch Systems: The Rolesof Domain and SearchExpertise

Explores effects of domain expertise andsearch expertise through assignedsearches in hypertext or CD-ROMdatabases

case study

Douglas J. Ernest 1993 Colorado StateUniversity Libraries,Fort Collins

Academic Libraries, Fee-Based Information Services,and the BusinessCommunity

Discussion of how librarians relate tolocal business people

surveyanalysis

Judith Dixon andFrances SmardoDowd

1993 Dallas Public Library;School of Libraryand InformationStudies, TexasWomen’s University

Should public librariesprogram for babies? Anational survey of children’scoordinators

Alisa J. Whitt1993

1993 Emory UniversityLibraries

The Information Needs ofLesbians

Describes survey of 141 lesbians andtheir information needs

surveyanalysis

Mary Niles Maackand Joanne E.Passet

1993 Graduate School ofLibrary &Information Science,UCLA; School ofLibrary &Information Science,Indiana University

Unwritten Rules: MentoringWomen Faculty

Examines role of mentoring of womenfaculty in library and information scienceduring past 50 years

survey andanalysis



Cross-Cultural Research inEthnolinguisticCommunities:MethodologicalConsiderations

Methodological considerations related toconduct of research in culturally diversecommunities and provides strategies forpublic libraries seeking to undertakecommunity analyses

researchreport



The Information andReferral Process inCulturally DiverseCommunities

Examines ethnic gatekeepers and theirviews on how to obtain information

case study

Gillian Allen 1993 Graduate School ofLibrary andInformation Science,University of Illinoisat Urbana-Champaign

An Application of the ActFrequency Approach in theStudy of Person-Job Fit

Investigates if the act frequencyapproach, used in psychologicalresearch, might clarify work of behaviorof librarians

explora-torystudy

Idrisa Pandit 1993 Mortensen LibraryProgram, Universityof Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Citation Errors in LibraryLiterature: A Study of FiveLibrary Science Journals

Examines five core library sciencejournals to study accuracy of citations

survey andanalysis

A. Neil Yerkey 1993 School ofInformation andLibrary Studies,SUNY Buffalo

Publishing in Library andInformation Science:Audience, Subjects,Affiliation, Source, andFormat

Examines 855 LIS-related documentsurrogates from 32 databases andcategorizes them according to whetherthey were written by persons workinginside or outside the LIS literature

survey-based study

Connie Van Fleet 1993 School of Libraryand InformationScience, LSU

Evidence of Communicationamong Public Librarians andLibrary and InformationScience Educators in PublicLibrary Journal Literature

Analysis of journal articles suggests thatpublic librarians and LIS educators usethe national journal literature as aninteractive communication system

researchreport

Douglas L. Zweizig 1993 School of Libraryand InformationScience, Universityof Wisconsin

The Children’s ServicesStory

Report and analysis of data from librariesparticipating in the Public Library DataService

surveyanalysis

Patricia M. Wallace1993

1993 University ofColorado Libraries

How Do Patrons Search theOnline Catalog When NoOne’s Looking? TransactionLog Analysis andImplications forBibliographic Instructionand System Design

Recorded user behavior unobtrusivelyand focuses on what happened duringthe search process

case study

Journal articles

49


Bryn Geffert 1993 University of Illinois Community Networks inLibraries: the FreenetP.A.T.H.

Description of patrons use, role withinpublic libraries, sample referencequestions

case study

Daniel Suvak 1993 Walsh CollegeLibrary, NorthCanton, OH

Evaluating LSCA: TheEvidence from PrisonLibraries

Asks if LSCA, Title I, made a significantdifference in the quality of state prisonlibraries compared with federal libraries

researchreport

Frank W. Goudyand Ellen Altman

1993 Western IllinoisUniversity andUniversity ofArizona, Tucson

Local Public Library Fundingin the 1980s

Analysis suggests that libraries receivedan increasing share of local governmentfunds.

researchreport

Dennis Carrigan 1994 College of Libraryand InformationScience, Universityof Kentucky

Public Library Private Fund-Raising: A Report Based ona Survey

Analyzes results of questionnaire sent todirectors of 100 large public libraries.

surveyanalysis

Jerry P. Miller 1994 Graduate School ofLibrary andInformation Science,Simmons College

The Relationship betweenOrganizational Culture andEnvironmental Scanning: ACase Study

Describes how differences inorganizational values influence frequencywith which decision makers use oral,written, and electronic sources ofinformation for environmental scanning

case study

Nancy A. VanHouse andThomas A.Childers

1994 School of Libraryand InformationStudies, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley;Drexel University

The Use of Public LibraryRoles for EffectivenessEvaluation

Examines roles from the PLA planningand measurement tools for their utility inevaluating public library effectiveness;data from Public Library EffectivenessStudy

surveyanalysis

Diane Prorak,Tania Gottschalk &Mike Pollastro

1994 University Library,University of Idaho

Teaching Method andPsychological Type inBibliographic Instruction:Effect on Student Learningand Confidence

"Will students learn more and beconfident about using the library iflibrarians teach using a small-group,active-learning method rather than alecture method?"

case study

Dian Walster 1994 University ofColorado, Denver

Applying an Attitude-Behavior Consistency Modelto Research in Library andInformation Science

Examines application of the Fishbein andAjzen model of attitude-behaviorconsistency to research in LIS

explora-torystudy

F.W. Lancaster,Cheryl Elzy, MaryJo Zeter, LauraMetzler & Yuen-Man Low

1994 University of Illinois;Illinois StateUniversity

Searching Databases on CD-ROM: Comparison of theResults of End-UserSearching with Results fromTwo Modes of Searching bySkilled Intermediaries

Results of 35 searches by users of theERIC database were compared withresults achieved by an experiencededucation librarian and a team ofexperienced librarians

case study

David Belanger 1995 Delaware CountyLibrary System (PA)

Board Games: Examiningthe Trustee/Director Conflict

Analyzes the Library Trustee andDirector Survey, done in Pennsylvania in1994

surveyanalysis

Shiao-Feng Su andF.W. Lancaster

1995 Division of Libraryand InformationSciences, San JoseState University;Graduate School ofLibrary andInformation Science,University of Illinois,Urbana-Champaign

Evaluation of ExpertSystems in ReferenceService Applications

Evaluates two systems designed to helplibrary users find sources to answer theirreference questions

case study

Sherry Shiuan Suand Charles Wm.Conaway

1995 Fe-Jen CatholicUniversity; School ofLibrary andInformation Studies,Florida StateUniversity

Information and a ForgottenMinority: Elderly ChineseImmigrants

Examines information needs of elderlyChinese immigrants; implications forimproved information services

explora-torystudy

Marcia J. Bates,Deborah N. Wilde,Susan Siegfried

1995 Graduate School ofEducation andInformation Studies,UCLA; Getty ArtHistory InformationProgram

Research practices ofhumanities scholars in anon-line environment: theGetty Online SearchingProject report no.3

Monitors database searching by visitingscholars at Getty Center for the Historyof Art and the Humanities

case study

Stanley E. & JimBradley,

1995 Illinois State Library A Study of Public LibraryReferenda in Illinois

Examines voting trends on library issuesbased on results of referenda from 1978through 1994

assess-ment

Eric Bryant 1995 Library Journal Pride & Prejudice Discusses nation’s first survey of gay andlesbian librarian service

surveyanalysis

Journal articles

50


Debora Shaw 1995 School of Libraryand InformationScience, IndianaUniversity

Bibliographic DatabaseSearching by GraduateStudents in Language andLiterature: SearchStrategies, SystemInterfaces, and RelevanceJudgments

Observed graduate students as theysearched CD-ROM databases

case study

Richard Rubin 1995 School of Libraryand InformationScience, Kent StateUniversity

Upward Appraisal: What DoSubordinates ConsiderImportant in EvaluatingTheir Supervisors?

Employs a subordinate evaluationinstrument to identify those factors thatemployees of the Dayton-MontgomeryCounty Public Library value in theirsupervisors; implications foradministrators

case study

Douglas Raber 1995 School of Libraryand InformationalScience, Universityof Missouri,Columbia

A Conflict of Cultures:Planning vs. Tradition inPublic Libraries

Examines nature of conflicts that mayarise in confrontation of culturesinherent in the Public LibraryDevelopment Program and traditionallibrary cultures

researchreport

John R.Ottensmann

1995 School of Public andEnvironmentalAffairs, IndianaUniversity

Using a Gravity Model toPredict Circulation in aPublic Library System

Development of model based onprinciples of spatial interaction

case study

David N. Ammons 1995 University of Georgia Overcoming theinadequacies ofperformance measurementin local government: thecase of libraries and leisureservices

Using examples from public libraries andcommunity parks, study argues thatincreased emphasis on performancecomparisons could encourage greateraccountability

case study

Qun G. Jiao,AnthonyOnwuegbuzie &Art A. Lichtenstein

1996 Baruch College,CUNY; University ofCentral Arkansas

Library Anxiety:Characteristics of "At-Risk"College Students

Based on study of 493 students,examines factors that predict libraryanxiety; a setwise multiple regressionanalysis reveals eight variables involved

case study

Affleck, Mary Ann 1996 Capital Community-Technical CollegeLibrary, Hartford, CT

Burnout amongBibliographic InstructionLibrarians

Administered Maslach Burnout Inventoryand a Role Questionnaire to bibliographicinstruction librarians in colleges in NewEngland

survey-based study

Deanna B.Marcum

1996 Council on LibraryResources

Redefining Communitythrough the Public Library

Uses case studies and surveys tospeculate about how public library cancontribute to social well-being

positionpaper

Hector Correa andVirginia Correa

1996 Graduate School ofPublic andInternational Affairs,University ofPennsylvania;ElectronicInformationNetwork, Pittsburgh,PA

An Application of Input-Output Analysis to theAdministration of a Library

Construction of an input-output modelmakes it possible to forecast personnelrequirements resulting from changes inexternal demands for library services

researchreport

Lynda M. Baker 1996 Library andInformation ScienceProgram, WayneState University

A Study of the Nature ofInformational Needed byWomen with MultipleSclerosis

Based on Miller’s theory of informationseeking, the study asked 93 women toassess a general or specific pamphlet onone of two topics; discussion ofmethodology for studying informationneeds

case study

Diane DiMartinoand Lucinda R.Zoe

1996 Newman Library,Baruch College,CUNY

End-User Full-TextSearching: Access orExcess?

Examined and assessed the searchtechniques of trained end-users to see ifthey were searching effectively

case study

Debora Shaw 1996 School of Libraryand InformationScience, IndianaUniversity

Undergraduate Use of CD-ROM Databases:Observations of Human-Computer Interaction andRelevance Judgments

Observed freshmen as they searchedbibliographic databases

case study

Linda M.Wolfgram

1996 School of Libraryand InformationScience, IndianaUniversity

The Effects of Automationon School Library MediaCenters

Considers effects of automation basedon the literature and on perceptions ofschool media specialists

exploratorystudy

Journal articles

51


Zorana Ercegovac 1997 Dept. of Library andInformation Science,UCLA

The Interpretation of"Library Use" in the Age ofDigital Libraries: Virtualizingthe Name

Examines the degree to which collegestudents agree in interpreting the term"library use."

case study

SuzanneHildenbrand1997

1997 School ofInformation andLibrary Studies,SUNY Buffalo

Still Not Equal: Closing theLibrary Gender Gap

Analysis of trends in opportunities andsalaries for women

positionpaper

Hazel M. Davis &Ellen Altman,

1997 Victoria University,New Zealand;Glendale CommunityCollege, AZ

The relationship betweencommunity lifestyles andcirculation patterns in publiclibraries

Uses market research techniques toexamine whether circulation patternsreflect distinctive lifestyles

survey &analysis

52

Table VB: Dissertations and other unpublished studies(Listed in chronological order )

Researcher Date Institution Project Focus TypeBetty J.Morris

University ofAlabama

Ph.D. diss StudentAssistants in AcademicLibraries

Determines methods and materialsmost frequently used to train studentassistants.

surveyandanalysis

Josephine YuChen Sche

1983 Florida StateUniversity

Ph.D. diss EducationSystems for Librarianship inthe Federal Republic ofGermany, the U.K. and U.S.

Describes library education systemsand interprets each systemaccording to its development sincethe 1880s.

histor-ical study

AdelineWoodWilkes


Ph.D. diss ManagerialFunctions by BeginningAcademic Librarians

Describes functions and howlibrarians perceive them

surveyandanalysis

Jo AnnKeachPhelan

1984 Texas Woman’sUniversity

Ph.D. diss Study of Use ofFees for Services in Tax-Supported Medium-SizedPublic Libraries

Identifies and evaluatescharacteristics of libraries chargingfees for services.

surveyandanalysis

James M.Kusack

1984 IndianaUniversity

Ph.D. diss Support StaffUnions in UniversityLibraries

Compares unionized with non-unionized libraries.

casestudy

Roland B.Welmaker


Ph.D. diss Relationships ofPerceived ManagementSystems and JobSatisfaction of PublicLibrarians

Determines the relationshipsbetween management systems of 9public libraries in the southeasternU.S.

casestudy

Lauren SappWilliams


Ph.D. diss ServiceOrientation of GovtDocuments Librarians inAcademic Libraries of theSoutheastern United States

Analyzes data from questionnaire to298 library staff members.

surveyandanalysis

UlyssesCameron

1984 VirginiaPolytechnicInstitute andState University

Ed.D. diss Application ofHuman Resources Planningto the University of theDistrict of ColumbiaLibrary

Determines the human resourcesneeded for a multimedia library ofmedium size.

casestudy

Edwin L.Holton


Ph.D. diss Use, Cost,Perceived Value and SocialContext ofTelecommunications Toolsin Two-Year CollegeLibraries in southeasternU.S.

Describes cost and use oftelecommunications tools andinvestigates perceived value ofthose tools.

surveyandanalysis

Peter P.Olevnik

1985 SUNY Buffalo Ph.D. diss OrganizationalImplications of FacultyStatus for Librarians in theCollege Library

Examines library’s organizationsand governance structure.

explora-torystudy

Dissertations and other unpublished studies

53

Researcher Date Institution Project Focus TypeBarbaraKasper


Ph.D. diss ComparativeAnalysis of Public LibraryService to Children inIndiana during the 1970s

Assesses children’s services throughsurvey of librarians.

surveyandanalysis

Pamela RaePalmer

1985 Memphis StateUniversity

Ed. D. dissGraduate Education ofAcademic Librarians

Describes graduate education atinstitutions with at least 1,000graduate enrollment in southeasternUnited States.

surveyandanalysis

MohamedFituriAbduljalil

1985 Case WesternReserveUniversity

Ph.D. dissBook Availability and UserSatisfaction in SchoolLibraries

Case study of Shaker HeightsSenior High School and ClevelandHeights High School.

casestudy

Ellen LoweMiller

1986 Old DominionUniversity

Ph.D. diss. Effects ofClassification Systems onManagement and Access inSelected Elementary SchoolLibraries

Examines the extent to whichvariation in a classification systemcorresponds to variation inmanagement and access.

casestudy

Albert A.Lunardi.

1986 University ofSan Francisco

Ed.D. thesisLSCA Title III: PublicSchool Library Participationwithin Cooperative LibraryNetworks

Examines effects of Title III instimulating library participation innetworks.

dataanalysis

Joanne ReedEuster

1986 University ofCalifornia,Berkeley

Ph.D. dissActivities and Effectivenessof the Academic LibraryDirector

Survey of 42 university librarydirectors and investigation of theirrole "in the framework of anenvironmental model developed forthis research."

surveyandanalysis

Sally AnnMcLeodKoenig

1986 VanderbiltUniversity

Ed.D diss A Study of theEvaluation of AcademicLibrary Services inInstitutions Accredited bythe Southern Association ofColleges and Schools

Examines systematic programs ofevaluation.

casestudy

RosemarieRiechel

1986 ColumbiaUniversity

Ph.D. diss. TelephoneReference Activity in LargePublic Libraries

Investigates trends in telephonereference.

surveyandanalysis

BettyDouglasPaulk


Ph.D. diss The Facilitationof Direct Searching ofOnline Services by the EndUser in Academic Libraries

Surveys 487 on-line searchlibrarians about end user searching.

surveyandanalysis

Janice HelenMcCue


D.L.S. thesis Performance Compares and analyzes quality ofresults of 42 on-line databasesearches in 21 public libraries in 16states.

casestudy

PopoolaAkanniAwogbami

1987 University ofPittsburgh

Ph.D. diss. Study of 5 U.S.agricultural libraries withimplications for NigerianAgricultural Libraries

Investigates the use of microformsas an efficient method ofinformation transfer.

casestudy


54

Researcher Date Institution Project Focus TypeEmma JoyceWhite Mills


Ph.D. diss. Examination ofProcedures and Practices inthe Selection of BlackMaterials for Children’sCollections of PublicLibraries

Citing interpretations of the ALA’s"Bill of Rights," argues that adisparity may exist between"cultural diversity" and the practicesof librarians in acquiring materials.

explora-torystudy

Santi GopalBasu


Ph.D. diss. Public LibraryServices to VisuallyDisabled Children

Examines services at subregionallibraries designated by the NationalLibrary Service for the Blind andPhysically Handicapped.

survey

RuthSchwartz


D.L.S. thesis Administrationand Organization of Privateand Public MulticampusUniversity Libraries

Evolution of multicampus librariessince World War II.

casestudy

George R.Gaumond

1988 University ofNorth Carolina,Chapel Hill

Ph.D. diss. OrganizationalCharacteristics of UniversityDepartmental Libraries

Studies the relative merits ofcentralized vs departmentallibraries.

casestudy

KwasiSarkodie-Mensah

1988 University ofIllinois, Urbana-Champaign

Ph.D. diss. Foreign Studentsand U.S. AcademicLibraries

Examines two universities in NewOrleans, using questionnaire datafrom students.

casestudy

Jill L. Locke 1988 University ofPittsburgh

Ph.D. diss. Effectiveness ofSummer Reading Programsin Public Libraries

Examines factors related to reachinga higher proportion of childpopulation.

surveyandanalysis

Robert B.Ford, Jr.

1988 RutgersUniversity

Ph.D. diss. Perceptions ofNetworking andOrganizationalInterdependence amongSelected ARL Libraries

surveyandanalysis

Richard P.Bradberry


Ph.D. diss. MultitypeUndergraduate LISEducation Programs

Explores the objectives of multitypelibrary programs through a surveyof administrators.

surveyandanalysis

AbigailAyres VanSlyck

1989 University ofCalifornia,Berkeley

Ph.D. diss. CarnegieLibraries andTransformation of AmericanCulture

Analyzes impact of Carnegie giftson changes in philanthropy andculture.

historicalstudy

Linda LouiseLoomisCochrane

1989 Oregon StateUniversity

Ph.D. diss. Survey ofCollection AnalysisPractices and effects ofautomation in Public andAcademic Libraries

Uses random sample questionnaireto investigate how librarians analyzeuse of collections.

survey

Theodore R.Pfarrer


Ph.D. diss. Survey ofReference Librarians inFour-Year Colleges andUniversities

Based on a survey of 736 librarians,examines prevalence of CD-ROMtechnology and its futureapplications.

surveyanalysis

Ting MingLai

1990 University ofWisconsin

Ph.D. diss. ComparativeStudy of Use of AcademicLibraries

Compares library use ofundergraduates in the United Statesand Taiwan

casestudy


55

Researcher Date Institution Project Focus TypeJoan E.McIntyre

1991 SeattleUniversity

Ph.D. diss. CollectionDevelopment andInstruction in Libraries ofCatholic Colleges andUniversities

Discusses history and theories ofcollection development.

litera-turereview

Paul L.Conway


Ph.D. diss. ArchivalPreservation andInformation Sources

Investigates relationship betweenpreservation practice and theperceived availability andusefulness of information sources.

explora-torystudy

Merrill F.Smith

1991 University ofNorth Carolina,Greensboro

Ed. D. diss. Impact ofTechnology on CollectionDevelopment in Academicand Research Libraries inSoutheastern United States

Assesses the impact of technologyon collection development. Datacollected through interviews.

casestudy

Sandra KayeKing Stone

1991 University ofAlabama

Ed. D. diss. Factorsaffecting CD-ROM End-user Instruction in MajorUniversity Libraries

Survey of librarians at research-oriented universities.

surveyandanalysis

Felicia SuilaKimo Lafon


Ph.D. diss. ComparativeStudy and Analysis of theLibrary Skills of U.S. andForeign Students at theUniversity of Michigan

Examines whether a singlebibliographic program can serveboth U.S. and foreign students.

casestudy

Nevin D.Raber


Ph.D. diss. The PublicLibrary Inquiry and theSearch for ProfessionalLegitimacy

Examines the PLI, commissionedby the ALA to assess librarianshipin context of the postwar era.

histor-ical study

Majed JalalKhader


Ph.D. diss. Model ofServices for Public LibrariesServing Arab-AmericanCommunities

Based on a review of the literatureon model-building.

litera-turereviewandmodelbuild-ing

RebeccaReist Martin

1993 USC D.P.A thesis AcademicLibrary Responsiveness toMulticultural Student Needs

Focuses on emerging libraryprograms that address the needs ofmulticultural students.

surveyandanalysis

Robert B.Walker

1994 University ofGeorgia

Ph.D. diss. Georgia’sCarnegie Libraries: History,Conditions, andConservation

Considers Georgia’s 25 Carnegielibraries from a historic preservationperspective.

histor-ical study

Anna HemerPerrault


Ph.D. diss. Changing PrintResource Base of AcademicLibraries

Compares collection patterns in 72ARL academic libraries for 1985and 1989.

dataanalysis

Terence F.Sebright


Ph.D. diss. Planning CollegeLibrary Buildings forInformation

Four case studies explore planningand outcomes related to informationtechnology in small-collegelibraries.

casestudy

Jean EllenColeman

1995 RutgersUniversity

Ph.D. diss. Response to aSocio-Educational Need

Examines four case studies of howliteracy can empower.

casestudy


56

Researcher Date Institution Project Focus TypeTerry S.Latour


Ph.D. diss. Library Fund-Raising Activities at U.S.Colleges and Libraries

Investigates degree to whichacademic libraries engage infundraising.

surveyandanalysis

KathrynJosefinaBlackmerReyes

1996 San Jose StateUniversity

MLS thesis.Study of Racial/EthnicLibrarians and Management

Examines racial/ethnic librariansworking in ethnic collections ofuniversity libraries nationwide.

pilotstudy

AlmaDawson


Ph.D. diss. The AcademicLibrary in Intra-InstitutionalRelationships

Examines proportion of educationaland general expenditure funds ofthree academic libraries, 1983-93.

casestudy

Richard D.Holoczak

1997 RutgersUniversity,Newark

Ph.D. diss. Extractors forDigital Library Objects

Examines ways to create "uniformand automated" mechanisms forbuilding "meaningful andexpressive indexes with whichexpert and novice users caninteract."

explora-torystudy

a=Information Service; b=Information Use; c=Information Planning; d=Economics of Information; e=Professional Issues;f=Intellectual freedom; g=Policy Issues; h=Infor-mation Access; i=Archives; j=Organizing Materials; k=Public Services;l=Library Models

57

Funded Projects and Research Priorities

The following matrices tabulate the projects for each funding source (identified in Tables IVA and IVB) thatsupported any of the identified Department research priorities (identified in Table II). Total funding for eachprogram is given.

Matrix A: Federally funded programs and research priorities(Listed in alphabetical order by funding sponsor and by focus. Blank cells indicate information is unavailable)

Sponsor Focus Funding P.I. P R I O R I T I E S

a b c d e f g h i j k lNCLIS Public Libraries and the

Internet10,000 Charles R.

McClure,John CarloBertot &John C.Beachboard

1 1 1

NCLIS Public Libraries and theInternet

76,965 John CarloBertot, et al

1 1 1

NCLIS Public libraries and theInternet: study results,policy issues, andrecommendations.

67,759 Charles R.McClure,John CarloBertot &Douglas L.Zweizig

1 1

NCLIS Subtotal 154,724 2 3 2NCLIS& NSF

Internet costs and costmodels for publiclibraries; publication.

112,529 Charles R.McClure,John CarloBertot &John C.Beachboard

1 1

NCLIS& NSF

Subtotal 112,529 1 1

NEH Research anddemonstration to producea substantial body ofinformation about theorganizational, financial,and technical issuesinvolved in applyingdigital imagery in thepreservation arena.

363,491 Paul L.Conway

1 1 1

NEH Subtotal 363,491 1 1 1OERI A study of the

dissemination of thePublic Library PlanningProcess


1

OERI Age analysis of publiclibrary collections

78,375 DannyWallace

1

Federally funded programs and research priorities

a=Information Service; b=Information Use; c=Information Planning; d=Economics of Information;e=Professional Issues; f=Intellectual freedom; g=Policy Issues; h=Infor-mation Access; i=Archives;j=Organizing Materials; k=Public Services; l=Library Models

58


a b c d e f g h i j k lOERI Assessing information on

the Internet: libraryservices for computer-mediated communication

48,675 MartinDillon

1 1

OERI Assessing the informationneeds of rural Americans


1 1 1

OERI Assessing the role of therural public library


1 1 1

OERI Assessment of the publiclibrary’s mission insociety

108,354 GeorgeD’Elia

1

OERI Benefit to rural-areastudents and faculty ofregional informationnetworks

38,128 Patricia J.Cutright

1 1

OERI Book deterioration inOhio libraries

Edward T.O’Neill &Wesley L.Boomgaarden

1 1 1

OERI Cognitive models tofacilitate informationseeking


1

OERI Cooperative system forpublic library datacollection, to provide datafor NCES

54,423 Mary JoLynch

1

OERI Determine impact of TitleII-B fellowships on thelibrary and informationscience profession

20,000 MildredLowe

1

OERI Develop comparativeresearch data on twolibrary instructionmethods forundergraduateengineering students

84,545 FrancesBenham,AssociateDean ofLibraries

1 1 1 1

OERI Developing a prototypesystem for intelligentinformation retrieval

63,500 Philip J.Smith andRebeccaDarling

1

OERI Development and study ofan intelligent referenceinformation system (ISIS)

99,852 Robin N.Downes,UniversityLibrary

1 1 1



59


a b c d e f g h i j k lOERI Development of an

"electronic textbook" inhuman physiology

200,287 Naomi C.Broering,BiomedicalInformationResourcesCenter

1 1

OERI Economics of publiclibraries and libraryfunding

57,100 Jane B.Robbins,DouglasZweizig

1 1

OERI Embracing the tiger:learning from publiclibrary literacy programs

62,949 Andrew J.Seager

1 1 1

OERI Evaluate use of faxcopiers or scanners in lieuof sending actual items orphotocopies

175,746 Robert J.Bertholf

1 1

OERI Evaluating use of newtechnology

101,622 Jack O’Bar,UniversityLibrary

1 1

OERI Evaluation of adult libraryliteracy programs

52,969 DouglasZweizig

1

OERI Facilitating informationseeking through cognitivemodeling of the searchprocess


1 1

OERI Factors influencing theoutcome of challenges tomaterials in middle,junior, and high schoollibraries

65,750 DianeHopkins

1 1 1 1 1

OERI Hypermedia and researchmethodology

55,500 EleanorLangstaff

1 1

OERI Hypermedia project toprovide information infour county librarysystems

80,000 1 1 1 1 1 1

OERI Identifying researchableissues to help librariansattain or maintainleadership positions in aninformation society

348,966 Kate Joyceand MaryKahn

1

OERI Institute to review trendsin key subjects related tourban libraries [grantmentioned in monograph]

MohammedAman andDonaldSager

1 1



60


a b c d e f g h i j k lOERI Local implementation of

the public libraryplanning and role settingprocess

57,187 VernaPungitore

1 1

OERI Medical literature as asource of new knowledge

41,248 Ron R.Swanson

1

OERI Nature and improvementof librarian-userinteraction and on-linesearching for informationdelivery in libraries

84,823 TefkoSaracevic

1 1 1

OERI Output measures forchildren’s services inpublic libraries

42,014 VirginiaWalter

1

OERI Pilot computer-basedtraining modules for stafftraining libraries

66,901 Pauline S.Bayne,MusicLibrary

1 1

OERI Program to teach andguide students in usingon-line public catalog andcomputerized and printreference sources

117,558 VirginiaTiefel

1 1 1 1

OERI Providing principles,guidelines, and desirablefeatures for a 3rd-generation on-line publicaccess catalog

106,987 NicholasBelkin andTefkoSaracevic

1 1 1 1

OERI Public libraryeffectiveness: theory,measures, anddeterminants

Nancy A.Van House

1 1

OERI Public library planningprocess in smallerlibraries.

45,700 VernaPungitoreand CaroleNowicke

1

OERI Purchase of hardware andresearch anddemonstration oftechnical requirements fora consortium

89,438 Patricia M.Kelly,UniversityLibrary

1

OERI Relationship betweenlength of loan period andcirculation in publiclibraries

25,000 SusanNelson andHerbertGoldhor

1 1



61


a b c d e f g h i j k lOERI Research to measure

effects of a three-collegeautomation project onusers, staff, andinstitutions

102,643 Thomas A.Childers andBelver C.Griffith

1 1

OERI Roles of school,academic, special, andcommunity libraries inproviding viewtextinformation services

60,000 MaryDeweaver

1

OERI Status of libraries inliteracy education

148,037 DouglasZweizig etal.

1

OERI Testing a new design forsubject access to on-linecatalogues

KarenDrabenstott

1 1

OERI The impact of schoollibrary media centers onacademic achievement

66,664 Keith CurryLance

1 1

OERI The Public LibraryEffectiveness Study

132,000 ThomasChilders andNancy VanHouse

1 1

OERI The use of children’smaterials in school andpublic libraries

57,833 KathleenGarland

1

OERI To determine if hands-onexercises improve abilityto use computer-basedresearch tools

85,677 MarvinWiggins

1 1

OERI Update of, andcomparison with, a 1971survey of library servicesto the aging

22,674 Betty J.Turock

1

OERI Subtotal 3,512,356 22 12 6 2 7 0 6 15 0 2 18 1U.S.Congress

Adult literacy and newtechnologies: tools for alifetime.

Office ofTechnologyAssessment

1

GRAND TOTAL $4,143,100 22 12 7 5 7 0 9 15 1 3 22 1

a=Information Service; b=Information Use; c=Information Planning; d=Economics of Information; e=Professional Issues;f=Intellectual freedom; g=Policy Issues; h=Infor-mation Access; i=Archives; j=Organizing Materials; k=Public Services;l=Library Models

62

Matrix B: Privately funded programs and research priorities(Listed in alphabetical order by funding sponsor and focus. Blank cells indicate information is unavailable)

Sponsor Focus Funding P.I. P R I O R I T I E Sa b c d e f g h I j k l

Andrew W.MellonFndtn.

Comprehensive evaluationmethodology for ongoingactivities in creatingdigital library

700,000 1 1 1 1 1 1


Economics of electroniclibrary of the future

210,000 1


Electronic journals in fieldof religious studies1995

250,000 1 1 1


Research project oneconomics of electroniclibrary of the future

290,000 1


Study of interlibrary loan 160,000 1


University Libraries andScholarly Communication

0 AnthonyCummingset al.

1 1 1


Journal Storage Project, tomake back issues or coreperiodicals available tofaculty and students indigital format

700,000 1 1 1 1


Journal Storage Projecttest sites

75,000 1 1 1 1


Research Libraries Project 50,000 1


Research Libraries Project 25,000 1


Scholarly Communicationand technology

0 RichardEkman

1 1 1

AndrewW. MellonFndtn.

Subtotal 2,460,000 8 1 1 2 0 0 1 6 2 2 4 1

Assoc.CollegeResearchLibraries &Con-sultingPsycholo-gists Press

Shattering our stereotype:librarians’ new image

15,000 Mary JaneScherdin

1

Privately funded programs and research priorities


63


BentonFndtn.

Support of ACLU’s workon privacy implications ofnew computer andcommunicationtechnologies

25,000 1 1

BentonFndtn.

Telecommunication needsof nonprofits in the TwinCities area; resourcedirectory; seminars onnew technologies

15,000 1 1 1 1

BentonFndtn.

Subtotal 40,000 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1

Camilleand HenryDreyfusFndtn.

Cost-effectiveness ofdistributive access modelof electronic library aspart of Fndtn.’s PlanningGrants for ChemicalInformatics

15,000 1

CarnegieCorporation of NewYork

Implications of technologydevelopments for highereducation and scholarlycommunication

180,000 1 1 1 1

CLR Academic administrators’views on the role ofcollege libraries

1,830 LarryHardesty &DavidKasser

1

CLR Analytical framework andbaseline for networkedinformation resources andservices

25,000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CLR Application of behavioralresearch methodology toenvironmental designproblems in libraries

2,587 1 1 1

CLR Attitudes of municipal andcounty officials towardpublic libraries

12,000 1 1

CLR Benchmarking pilotproject on interlibrary loan

17,540 Intern.SystemsServicesCorp. andJack A.Wiggins

1 1 1

CLR Comparison of journal useto reported relative value,college discipline, andsubscription cost

3,000 1

CLR Comparison of on-line andmanual search capabilitiesof students

1,000 1 1 1 1 1 1



64


CLR Conference on publiclibrary effectiveness

16,760 1

CLR Cost and beneficialimpacts of libraryfunctions

97,612 PaulKantor,JoannaD’Esposito-Wachtmann, TefkoSaracevic

1

CLR Cost-benefits of accesscompared to ownershipcosts for expensiveresearch journals

54,012 Eleanor A.Gossen andSuzanneIrving

1 1 1

CLR Costs of consortiummembership

23,500 1

CLR Coverage of library andinformation science inbibliographic databases

2,935 1

CLR Decision-making processfor collection developmentin libraries

6,359 1

CLR Determining factorsleading Earlham Collegegraduates to enter libraryschools

1,000 1

CLR Dewey DecimalClassification as an on-line searching tool forsubject access

94,350 1 1 1 1

CLR Economic analysis ofscholarly periodical costs

27,800 1

CLR Editing efficiency of anon-line bibliographicinformation system

2,350 1 1 1

CLR Effectiveness ofaffirmative actionguidelines on recruitmentand promotion of minoritylibrarians

2,879 1

CLR Effects of human factorson a library computerliteracy program

3,000 1

CLR Effects of integratinginformation technology onjob classification andcompensation systems

18,560 1

CLR Effects of publishedreviews on librarypurchasing decisions

2,965 1



65


CLR Environmental factors inprofessional developmentactivities: does type ofacademic libraryaffiliation make adifference?

2,936 W. MichaelHavenerand PhilipWorrell

1

CLR Functionality of on-linecatalogs

11,000 Charles R.Hildreth

1 1 1 1 1

CLR Humanists’ use oflibraries

23,000 1 1

CLR Impact of interdisciplinaryresearch on librarycollection-building

3,000 1 1 1 1

CLR Impact of technologicalchanges on libraryfunctional units

3,000 1 1 1 1

CLR Impact of transaction feeson interlibrary loan

2,960 James H.Sweetland& DarleneE. Weigand

1 1 1

CLR Information locatorsystem prototype

24,880 1 1 1

CLR Information needs ofphilosophers

34,625 Mary EllenSievert

1 1 1

CLR Information needs ofpublic affairs scholars

2,996 1 1 1 1

CLR Information seekingbehavior of scientists

5,150 1 1 1

CLR Information-seekingpatterns of facultymembers and their use ofan on-line system

3,518 IngridHsieh-Yee

1 1 1 1

CLR Information-seekingprocess amongpopulation-studiesresearchers

4,000 1 1 1 1

CLR Interlibrary loan coststudy

10,000 1

CLR Knowledge management:expanding the scholarlyrole of research libraries

182,808 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CLR Long-range planning forlibraries and informationresources in researchuniversities

400,000 1

CLR Measuring public servicesimpact of an on-linecatalog

19,200 Louise S.Sherby

1 1



66


CLR Microcomputer-baseddigital imaging as atechnique for preservinglibrary materials

2,500 1 1

CLR Online catalog evaluationproject

32,403 Ray R.Larson

1 1 1 1

CLR Perceived values ofadvanced subject degrees

3,000 MaryGrosch &TerryWeech

1

CLR Price discrimination ofeconomics journals

3,109 George A.Chressanthus & JuneD.Chressanthus

1

CLR Relationship betweenbibliographic access tostored materials andfaculty attitude and use

31,747 1 1 1 1

CLR Relationships betweenlibrary schools and theirinstitutions’ libraries

3,000 MarianneCooper &ShoshonaKaufmann

1

CLR Role of fees in supportinglibrary and informationservices

10,000 1 1 1

CLR Roles of informationmanagers in U.S.universities

10,990 1

CLR Scope and impact ofbookmobile service in theU.S.

3,000 Bert R.Boyce &Judith I.Boyce

1 1 1

CLR Search patterns of in-library on-line catalogusers

4,083 1 1 1 1 1 1

CLR Statistical reliability ofindicators in the RLGconspectus for music

3,000 1

CLR Study of searchingstrategies on CD-ROM

32,512 1 1 1

CLR Test of measures andcorrelates of academiclibrary performance

3,000 1 1

CLR The RLG conspectus as acollection managementtool

10,000 1 1 1 1

CLR Time management inacademic libraries

2,773 1 1 1



67


CLR To study users of full-textdatabases

2,988 CarolTenopir,DianeNahl-Jakobovits,Dara LeeHoward

1 1 1

CLR Unobtrusive testing ofreference service in adivisional academiclibrary

1,800 CherylElzy, AlanNourie,F.W.Lancaster

1

CLR Use of MARC formats forcataloging art objects

20,000 1 1 1 1

CLR User persistence inscanning LCS postings

1,200 Stephen E.Wiberley,Jr., et al

1 1 1

CLR User success with an on-line catalog

15,736 Nancy C.Kranich, etal

1 1

CLR Users’ interest in digitizedimages

2,964 1 1

CLR Users’ persistence inscanning postings in anon-line public accesscatalog

5,330 Stephen E.Wiberley,Jr., et al

1 1 1

CLR Improving subjectsearching in onlinecatalogs

KarenMarkeyDrabenstott& DianeVizine-Goetz

1 1 1

CLR Advanced retrievalmethods for onlinecatalogs

Edward A.Fox

1 1 1

CLR User persistence inscanning LCS postings

1200 Stephen E.Wiberley etal.

1 1

CLR Subtotal 1,355,247 37 24 9 9 9 0 6 21 4 14 26 1FairfaxCountyPublicLibrary

Comparative assessmentof patrons’ uses andevaluations across publiclibraries within a system: areplication

GeorgeD’Elia andElanor JoRodger

1 1

FordFndtn.

Kinds of informationavailable on neighborhooddevelopment for use bycitizens and publicofficials

40,000 1 1 1 1



68


H.W.WilsonFndtn.

Concerns aboutfundraising by publicinstitutions: publiclibraries as a case study

37,950 Thomas A.Jeavons

1 1

H.W.WilsonFndtn.

The national libraryreference survey

25,000 John W.Head

1 1

H.W.WilsonFndtn.

Subtotal 62,950 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

HenryLuceFndtn.

New electronic virtuallibrary system, incollaboration withlibraries of HarvardUniversity and YaleUniversity

300,000 1 1 1 1 1


Survey of children’slibrarians in Illinois publiclibraries

LorienneRoy

1

IndianaUniversitySchool ofLibraryand Infor-mationScience

Perceptions of change andpublic library directors inIndiana: an exploratorystudy

650 Verna L.Pungitore

1

J.M.KaplanFndtn.,O’Reillyand Assoc-iates

Project GAIN: Connectingrural public libraries to theInternet [in New YorkState]

65,000 Charles R.McClure etal.

1 1 1 1

John andJamesKnightFndtn.

Project at branchesserving disadvantagedneighborhoods

100,000 1

Librariesfor theFuture

Private philanthropicfunding of public libraries

LindaKravitz etal.

1

LillyEndow-ment

Technologicaldevelopment intheological libraries

133,650 1 1 1

MardagFndtn.

Library Equity andExcellence Project,designed to support libraryimprovement and schoolreform in elementaryschool libraries in SaintPaul

105,000 1 1 1



69


MillbrookPress, Inc.

The Millbrook Report:the changing role of theschool library

1 1 1 1

NathanCummngsFndtn.

Forums to assess societalimpact of emerginginternational informationinfrastructure

10,000 1 1

OCLC Developing controlmechanisms forintellectual access fordiscipline-based libraries

10,000 Marcia LeiZent

1 1 1 1 1 1

OCLC Effect of linkage structureon retrieval performanceand user response in ahypertext-based biblio-graphic retrieval system

5,000 AlexandraDimitroff& DietmarWolfram

1 1 1 1 1

OCLC Empirical test of gophersearching using threeorganizational schemes

10,000 C. OliviaFrost &JosephJanes

1 1 1 1 1

OCLC Enhancing a new designfor subject access to on-line catalogues

10,000 KarenDrabenstott

1 1 1 1 1

OCLC Public libraries and theINTERNET/NREN, toexplore roles for thepublic library in thenetworked environment


1 1 1

OCLC Impact of scholarlyjournals on scholarlycommunication: areference and citationstudy

3,000-10,000

StephenP.Harter

1

OCLC An experimental study ongraphical tables ofcontents

3,000-10,000

Xia Lin 1

OCLC Analyzing the viability ofusing peer group holdingsas an evaluation tool forpublic library adult fiction

3,000-10,000

James H.Sweetland& Judith J.Senkevitch

1 1 1

OCLC A relational thesaurus:modeling semanticrelationships using frames

3,000-10,000

RebeccaGreen

1 1 1

OCLC Automatic subjectassignment via theScorpion System; buildingtools for automatic subjectrecognition based on well-known schemes

Keith E.Shafer

1 1 1



70


OCLC Characteristics of articlesrequested through OCLCinterlibrary loan

Chandra G.Prabha

1 1 1

OCLC Creating DTDs via theGB-Engine and Fred

Keith E.Shafer

1 1 1

OCLC Effect of linkage structureon retrieval performanceand user response in ahypertext-basedbibliographic system

5,000 AlexandraDimitroff& DietmarWolfram

1 1 1 1

OCLC Electronic texts andtraditional indexes: astudy of applicability andperformance

3,000-10,000

ElizabethD. Liddy

1 1 1

OCLC Measuring diversity inpublic library collections

3,000-10,000

JudithSerebnick& FrankQuinn

1 1 1

OCLC Document ranking usingsignature files

Dik LunLee

1 1 1 1

OCLC Estimating interlibraryloan volume in 1993;includes public libraries

Chandra G.Prabha

1 1 1 1

OCLC Experimental linguisticindexing for informationretrieval (ELIXIR)

C. JeanGodby &Bradley C.Watson

1 1 1 1

OCLC Modeling user'spreferences for documentdelivery

Mark T.Kinnucan

1 1 1 1 1

OCLC Automatic hierarchicalorganization of phrasesusing machine-readabledictionary information

3,000-10,000

Amy J.Warner

1 1 1 1

OCLC Determining the contentof machine-readablesubdivision records

3,000-10,000

KarenMarkeyDrabenstott

1 1 1 1

OCLC Expert system interface toLibrary of Congresssubject headings

3,000-10,000

PadminiSrinivasan

1 1 1

OCLC Scholars' access to thedocuments they cite

3,000-10,000

KeithSwigger

1 1 1 1

OCLC Obsolete Library ofCongress Subject headings

Roy Chenget al.

1 1 1

OCLC Record matching forauthority control

Edward T.O'Neill

1 1 1



71


OCLC Public libraries and theINTERNET/NREN, toexplore roles for thepublic library in thenetworked environment


1 1 1 1 1 1

OCLC General structure of aknowledge base forAnglo-Americancataloging rules

3,000-10,000

Ling HweyJeng

1 1 1

OCLC Identifying barriers toeffective subject access inlibrary catalogs

3,000-10,000

F.W.Lancaster

1 1 1 1

OCLC Investigating the structureof LCC and LCSH:developing a knowledgebase

3,000-10,000

DagobertSoergel

1 1

OCLC Toward integration ofonline resources

3,000-10,000

Linda C.Smith et al.

1 1 1 1 1 1

OCLC The interlibrary loanprocess; data from 1public and 1 academiclibrary

Chanrda G.Prabha

1 1 1 1

OCLC Enhancing topicalsearching usingclassification clustering

3,000-10,000

Ray R.Larson

1 1 1 1

OCLC Relationship betweenlibrary holdings andselection sources

3,000-10,000

JudithSerebnick

1 1 1 1

OCLC Automated documentarchitecture processingand tagging (ADAPT)

Stuart L.Weibel

1 1 1

OCLC Bibliographic control anddocument architecture inhypermedia databases

RolandHjerppe

1 1 1

OCLC Cataloger's assistant;prototype system forsupporting the catalogingfunction

DianeVizine-Goetz

1 1 1 1

OCLC Cataloging time andworkflow studies; in 1public and 3 academiclibraries

Chandra G.Prabha

1 1

OCLC Design of interfaces anddatabases for electronicmedia (DIADEM)

Martha J.Lindeman

1 1 1 1

OCLC Document imageprocessing toolbox

John C.Handley

1

OCLC Enhanced bibliographicretrieval

MartinDillon

1 1 1 1



72


OCLC The Experimental LibrarySystem (XLS)

Thomas B.Hickey

1

OCLC Analytical study ofbibliographic data on atitle page

3,000-10,000

BillieGraceHerring

1 1 1

OCLC Applying the revisedMARC format for three-dimensional objects inmuseums

3,000-10,000

Esther G.Bierbaum

1 1 1

OCLC Evaluating subjectcollections

3,000-10,000

Howard D.White

1

OCLC Measurement of subjectscatter in thesuperintendent ofdocuments classification

3,000-10,000

Lee Shiflett 1 1 1

OCLC Subject representations inmonographic records

3,000-10,000

PamelaReekesMcKirdy

1 1 1

OCLC Automated documentstructure analysis

Stuart L.Weibel

1 1 1

OCLC Clustering equivalentbibliographic records

ElaineSvevonius

1 1 1

OCLC Collection analysis;examines monographicacquisitions of selectedARL members

Edward T.O'Neill

1 1 1

OCLC Connectionist models ofcomputation: theirpotential in informationsystems

Stuart T.Weibel

1 1 1

OCLC Duplicate detection andthe "species problem"

John A.Bunge

1 1 1

OCLC Managing large retrievals Chandra G.Prabha

1 1 1

OCLC Scholars cross-referencesystem; a way ofcollecting, enhancing, andusing bibliographicrelationships not manifestin text per se

Paul B.Kantor

1 1 1 1

OCLC Comparativeclassification; investigatesinterdisciplinary nature ofclassificatin theory andmethod

Francis L.Miksa

1 1 1 1



73


OCLC Library of Congress ClassM subset: music; toidentify methods ofcorrecting records andcreate a prototypedatabase

Jeanette M.Drone

1 1 1 1

OCLC Online Union Catalogsubsetting analysis

John A.Bunge

1 1 1 1

OCLC Assessing access toalternative presspublications: women'spress titles in the OCLConline Union Catalog

SuzanneHildenbrand

1 1 1 1

OCLC Dynamics of the OCLConline Union Catalog

DeboraShaw

1 1 1 1

OCLC Holdings as a measure ofjournal value

Danny P.Wallace

1 1 1 1 1

OCLC Studies in automaticcataloging

ElaineSvenonius

1 1

OCLC Variations in subjectcataloging in non-Libraryof Congress catalogingrecords

Lois MaiChan

1 1

OCLC Advanced interface designfor library retrievalsystems

MartinDillon

1 1

OCLC Automated title pagecatalogiing

StuartWeibel

1 1

OCLC Class dispersion betweenthe Library of Congressclassification and theDewey Decimalclassification

DianeVizine-Goetz

1 1

OCLC CONSER abstracting andindexing title overlap

John E.Tolle

1 1

OCLC Display formats; todevelop experimentalmethods for evaluatinghuman-computerinterfaces and refineevaluation techniques

John E.Tolle

1 1

OCLC Graph-Text; to developprototype electronicdocument delivery system

ThomasHickey

1 1 1

OCLC Nonfiction book use bypublic library users

ChandraPrabha

1 1

OCLC OCLC CD-ROM retrievalsystem

TerryNoreault

1 1 1



74


OCLC OCLC database useanalysis: determination ofan appropriate databasesubset for cataloging onthe OCLC M300Workstation

Brigitte L.Kenney

1 1 1

OCLC,CLR,Univ.Michigan

Increasing theAccessibility of Library ofCongress subject headingsin online bibliographicsystems

KarenMarkey etal.

1 1 1

OCLC Subtotal 64 51 6 2 1 0 2 59 0 7 37

3

Old GoldSummerFellow-ship,UniversityIowa

Naive vs sophisticatedmethods of forecastingpublic library circulations

TerrenceA. Brooks

1 1

PLA Information about libraryprograms servingmulticultural and/ormultilingual populations

1,000 LeeOlivier,RobertBelvin,SylviaManoogian

1 1 1

PolicyResearchInstitute,UniversityTexasAustin

AIDS information servicesin U.S. public libraries:national comparison ofattitudes

W.BernardLukenbill

1 1

RutgersUniversityResearchCouncil

Organization factors inmultitype librarynetworking: a national testof a model

Betty J.Turock

1 1 1

St. Law-rence Uni-versityLibrary

Union-nonunion wagedifferentials in the publiclibrary

500 Mary F.Rosenthal

1


Gender differences inattitudes toward usingcomputers in libraries: anexploratory study

1,600 Frances F.Jacobson

1 1


Logical reasoning andretrieval performance

500 BryceAllen

1 1



75



2,100 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0

UniversityWiscon-sin, Osh-kosh

Development andevaluation of a measure oflibrary automation


1 1 1 1 1

UniversityWisconsinInstitute onRace andEthnicity&UniversityWisconsinGraduateSchool

Toward a conceptualmodel of factorsinfluencing the outcomeof challenges to librarymaterials in schoolsettings

DianneMcAfeeHopkins

1 1 1 1 1 1

W.K.KelloggFndtn.

Buildings, books, andbytes: libraries andcommunities in the digitalage; report on public’sopinion of library leaders’vision of the future

100,000 1 1 1 1

W.K.KelloggFndtn.

Institutional and policyissues in development ofDigital Library

650,000 1

W.K.KelloggFndtn.

750,000 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0

GRAND TOTAL 124 85 19 15 15 1 19 95 7 26 86 6

description: tags: iffnew2

Documents

Transcript of description: tags: iffnew2