Describe why the Articles of Confederation failed.

• Weak central/national government

• States weren’t unified

• States were like ‘I’m new jersey, we do what we want!!”

Describe why the Articles of Confederation failed.

• Shays Rebellion scared rich people.

Shays

Attacks by Shay followers

Encounters between Shay’s and hired militias.

13. Outcomes13. OutcomesRebellion put down Rebellion put down by a private militiaby a private militia

US Govt. too weak to US Govt. too weak to put down rebellionput down rebellion

Americans feared Americans feared govt. too weak = govt. too weak =

anarchyanarchy

Call for a Call for a Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention to change AOC to change AOC and create a stronger national government.and create a stronger national government.

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

• Think of 2 times you have ever had to compromise in your life.

•The Constitutional Constitutional ConventionConvention was a large

meeting held in PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania at

Independence HallIndependence Hall from May of 1787 to Sept. to 1787

where 5555 delegates representing their states.•Purpose: Throw out the

AOC and write a new Constitution.

“The writing of the Constitution formed a task more difficult than can be well conceived by

those who were not concerned in the execution of it. Adding to the difficulty the natural diversity

of human opinions on all new and complicated subjects, it is impossible to consider the degree

of concord which ultimately prevailed as less than a miracle.” James Madison

“The writing of the Constitution formed a task more difficult than can be well conceived by

those who were not concerned in the execution of it. Adding to the difficulty the natural diversity

of human opinions on all new and complicated subjects, it is impossible to consider the degree

of concord which ultimately prevailed as less than a miracle.” James Madison

•“Father of the Constitution” and the Bill of Rights

•Believed in a strong central government

•Wrote part of The Federalist

•Would become our 4th president

•“Father of the Constitution” and the Bill of Rights

•Believed in a strong central government

•Wrote part of The Federalist

•Would become our 4th president

“Snapshot of a “Framer”

• White Male AdultsWhite Male Adults• LandownersLandowners• Some educationSome education• Some were slave Some were slave

ownersowners• LawyersLawyers• MerchantsMerchants

• White Male AdultsWhite Male Adults• LandownersLandowners• Some educationSome education• Some were slave Some were slave

ownersowners• LawyersLawyers• MerchantsMerchants

Who wasn’t invitedto the ConventionWho wasn’t invitedto the Convention

WomenWomen SlavesSlaves PoorPoor

and Native Americansand Native Americans

•First major argument between the delegates

was over how many representativesrepresentatives each state would have in Congress.

•How Should Power be Divided How Should Power be Divided between the states?? between the states??

• Virginia Plan proposed by the larger states

More People, More Votes

• New Jersey plan proposed by small states

• 1 State = 1 Vote.

CONGRESSCONGRESS

HOUSE OF REPESENTATIVESHOUSE OF REPESENTATIVES•Elected by the peopleElected by the people

•More population the more More population the more representatives you haverepresentatives you have

•Satisfied larger statesSatisfied larger states

HOUSE OF REPESENTATIVESHOUSE OF REPESENTATIVES•Elected by the peopleElected by the people

•More population the more More population the more representatives you haverepresentatives you have

•Satisfied larger statesSatisfied larger states

SENATE SENATE •2 representatives per state

•Satisfied smaller states

SENATE SENATE •2 representatives per state

•Satisfied smaller states

•Great Compromise or Connecticut Compromise- Combines the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan

•Bicameral 2 house Congress

Great Compromise

• Senate

• 2 reps per state

• (100 total)

• House of representatives

• 1 rep per 450,000 in population

• (435 total)

5. Census

• To count the number of people in each state, every 10 years we have the Census.

• This determines how many representatives your state will have in congress.

What about Slaves?

•Do they count too?

•Southern states wanted their slaves to be counted as part

of their population because it would give them more

representationrepresentation in Congress.

•Northern statesNorthern states wanted to abolish slavery..•Southern StatesSouthern States would of left the Constitutional Convention

if there was an attempt to abolish slavery.•North and South worked out a compromise.

6. Describe the 2 sides involved in the 3/5ths compromise.

• South: • Slaves should count as

population

• North: • Slaves should count for

nothing, they can’t vote!

Three-Fifths Compromise

•Southern states wanted their slaves to be counted as part of the

total population of their state. Why?Why?

•This would give them more representatives in Congress.

•Thus giving them more voting power in Congress and protecting

their self-interest of slavery.

•Northern states objected to the South’s proposal and

would only agree to compromise.

•3 of every 5 slaves would be counted as part of a state’s

total population.•It was supported by both

North and South

7. 3/5ths compromise.

• Compromise

• Slaves = 3/5 of a person – 3/5 for votes in government – 3/5 for taxation

Georgia’s PopulationWhite = 300,000

Slaves = 100,000 3/5’s of 100,000

3/5’s of 100,000 = 60,000

300,000 + 60,000 =

Total Population = 360,000 which would be counted towards

representation in Congress.

How much Power should be given to the states?

Federalism- when power is split between Federalism- when power is split between the National government and the states. the National government and the states.

8. Federalism

New Constitution gave the National Govt. 60% of governmental powers….National Govt. was over the states……..

States given 40% of governmental powers…States would have some powers to control their own affairs.

Supreme law

United States

Constitution

•Supreme law of the land….Supreme law of the land….•It is above all levels of government and It is above all levels of government and

no act, law or public policy can be in no act, law or public policy can be in conflict with it.conflict with it.

National Government is over the States.National Government is over the States.

=

Coin money

Make treatiesEstablish Post Offices

Raise a militaryDeclare war

Admit new statesBuild dams

Interstate highwaysFund NASA

Regulate naturalizationEstablish courts

Recognize new countriesCopyright/Patents

Weights/measurementsProhibit racism

Regulate commerce

Powers given to national govt

Expressed Implied

Delegated Concurrentnt ReservedDelegated Concurrentnt Reserved

Make/enforce lawsMaintain courts

Collect taxesBorrow moneyCharter banks

Protect welfare of peopleCall out the militia

EducationEstablish local govtsConduct elections

Protect public safetyBuild state highwaysRaise a state militia

Issue licensesIncorporate businessesRegulate trade in stateRegulate drinking age

Set speed limitCreate counties/citiesDecide death penaltyMarriage definition

Medicinal marijuana

Powers shared by all 3 levels

Powers given only to the states

Div of powers

10. Identify the 3 branches of Government and their roles of power.

• 1. Legislative: writes laws

• Senate, House of Reps

Identify the 3 branches of Government and their roles of power.

• 2. Executive branch (PRESIDENT)– Enforces laws

Identify the 3 branches of Government and their roles of power.

• 3. Judicial (Courts supreme court) – Interprets laws

Describe what “Checks and Balances” are, and give 3 examples.

• Executive Branch Checks on the Legislative Branch

• President has the power to veto laws passed by the Congress

• Legislative Branch Checks on the Executive Branch

• Congress can overturn a Presidential veto with a 2/3 vote of both houses

• Judicial Branch Checks on the Executive Branch

• Supreme Court can use the power of judicial review to rule laws unconstitutional

7. Through what process can our Constitution be changed?

• Amendment process

8. Describe the elastic clause.

• Congress has the power to stretch its powers to meet new situations

• Laws regarding new technology

• Speed Limits (No cars in 1776)

9. Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?