Describe the differences and relation between the lithosphere and asthenosphere.
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Transcript of Describe the differences and relation between the lithosphere and asthenosphere.
Describe the differences and Describe the differences and relation between the relation between the
lithosphere and lithosphere and asthenosphere.asthenosphere.
Name the three types of Name the three types of plate boundaries and the plate boundaries and the general characteristic of general characteristic of
plate movement along each plate movement along each plate boundary.plate boundary.
Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Explains the configuration of topographic Explains the configuration of topographic features of the Earth- mountains, valleys, features of the Earth- mountains, valleys, volcanoes, islands, oceanic trenches, volcanoes, islands, oceanic trenches, faultsfaults
Tectonic platesTectonic plates Are composed of the Are composed of the lithospherelithosphere Move as a coherent massMove as a coherent mass May contain oceanic crust and May contain oceanic crust and
continental crustcontinental crust
Direction of MovementDirection of Movement
Perpendicular to mid-oceanic ridgesPerpendicular to mid-oceanic ridges
Plate BoundariesPlate Boundaries
ConcentratiConcentration of stored on of stored energy and energy and ultimately ultimately release of release of energyenergy Production Production
of hazardsof hazards
Convergent Plate BoundaryConvergent Plate Boundary
Magmatic arcMagmatic arc Oceanic crust subducts under Oceanic crust subducts under
continental crustcontinental crust Melting occurs at about 100 milesMelting occurs at about 100 miles Hot more buoyant material risesHot more buoyant material rises
Volcanic ArcVolcanic Arc
Oceanic and Oceanic and continental crustcontinental crust
Cascade Range; Cascade Range; Andes; AlaskaAndes; Alaska
Characteristics: Characteristics: large volcanoes; large volcanoes; subduction zone, subduction zone, trench, oceanic crust trench, oceanic crust subducts under subducts under continental crustcontinental crust
Convergent Convergent Plate Plate
BoundaryBoundary Map and cross-Map and cross-
section views of section views of the subduction the subduction zonezone
The oceanic Juan The oceanic Juan de Fuca plate de Fuca plate subducts under subducts under the continental the continental North American North American PlatePlate
Convergent Plate BoundaryConvergent Plate Boundary
Two oceanic crustsTwo oceanic crusts Oceanic crust subducts under Oceanic crust subducts under
opposing oceanic crustopposing oceanic crust Oldest oceanic crust subductsOldest oceanic crust subducts
Island ArcIsland Arc
Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, Caribbean, Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, Caribbean, Aleutian IslandsAleutian Islands
Convergent Plate BoundaryConvergent Plate Boundary
Earthquakes trace Earthquakes trace the subducting slab the subducting slab to about 500 miles to about 500 miles or 650 kilometersor 650 kilometers
Gold dots represent earthquake hypocenters
Convergent Plate Convergent Plate BoundariesBoundaries
Two continental crustsTwo continental crusts Neither subduct due to buoyancy of crustsNeither subduct due to buoyancy of crusts Mountains formMountains form
IndiaIndia collided collided with Asia with Asia about 40 about 40 million years million years agoago
Mt. Everest, Mt. Everest, 29,000 feet29,000 feet
Divergent Plate BoundaryDivergent Plate Boundary Two plates move apartTwo plates move apart Run through ocean basinsRun through ocean basins
Divergent Plate BoundariesDivergent Plate Boundaries
Mid-oceanic ridges, transform faults and rift valleys, and the formation of the ocean floor are characteristics associated with divergent plate boundaries.
TransformTransform Plate Boundary Plate Boundary
The tectonic plate The tectonic plate pass by each otherpass by each other
Connect other Connect other plate boundariesplate boundaries
San Andreas FaultSan Andreas Fault
Extension-“Pre-divergent Extension-“Pre-divergent Boundary”Boundary”
Continental crust begins to stretch due to tensional stress.
Basin and RangeBasin and Range Continental crust Continental crust
begins to stretch begins to stretch due to convection due to convection within the within the asthenosphereasthenosphere
A series of A series of mountains and mountains and valleys developvalleys develop
Long Valley Long Valley Caldera is located Caldera is located on the western on the western most portion.most portion.
East Africa Rift ZoneEast Africa Rift Zone An area of An area of
extensionextension Continental Continental
crust is crust is beginning to beginning to pull-apart pull-apart forming a rift forming a rift valleyvalley
HotHot SpotsSpots
Stationary plumes of hot material that Stationary plumes of hot material that initiate at the core/mantle interfaceinitiate at the core/mantle interface
Hawaii: the plume is beneath oceanic crustHawaii: the plume is beneath oceanic crust
Hot SpotsHot Spots
Yellowstone is associated with a hot Yellowstone is associated with a hot spot under continental crustspot under continental crust
Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
The The theory theory of plate tectonics is based on of plate tectonics is based on the evaluation of scientific evidence and the evaluation of scientific evidence and observation- observation- The Scientific MethodThe Scientific Method
ContinentalContinental Drift hypothesis Drift hypothesis Seafloor Spreading hypothesisSeafloor Spreading hypothesis
..
Sketch a cross section of a Sketch a cross section of a divergent plate boundary.divergent plate boundary.
Label with the following terms: Label with the following terms: rift valley; rift valley; oceanic ridge; oceanic ridge; oceanic crust; oceanic crust; location of melting and volcanism; location of melting and volcanism; and arrows indicating direction of plate and arrows indicating direction of plate
movement movement
Sketch a cross-section of a Sketch a cross-section of a convergent plate boundary that convergent plate boundary that
contains an oceanic crust.contains an oceanic crust.
Label with the following terms:Label with the following terms: Subduction zoneSubduction zone TrenchTrench Area of meltingArea of melting Area of volcanismArea of volcanism Arrows indicating direction of plate Arrows indicating direction of plate
movementmovement