Describe a Wave. Chapter 14 Waves & Energy Transfer.
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Transcript of Describe a Wave. Chapter 14 Waves & Energy Transfer.
![Page 1: Describe a Wave. Chapter 14 Waves & Energy Transfer.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051401/56649e055503460f94af164a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Describe a Wave
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Chapter 14Waves &
Energy Transfer
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Wave•A rhythmic
disturbance that carries energy through matter
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Wave Pulse•A single bump or
disturbance that travels through a
medium
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Continuous Wave•The rhythmic disturbance that travels through a
medium
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Types of Waves
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Transverse Wave•A wave that vibrates perpendicular to the
wave motion
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Transverse Wave•A good
representation would be a sine wave
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Longitudinal Wave
•A wave that vibrates parallel to the wave motion
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Longitudinal Wave
•A good representation
would be a slinky
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Surface Wave•A wave that travels
on the border of two mediums
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Surface Wave•Have both transverse & longitudinal
characteristics
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Surface Wave•Good examples are
swells or surface water waves
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Mechanical Waves
Waves that require a medium
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Electromagnetic Waves
Waves that do not require a medium
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Ray•A vector
representing the wave & its direction
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Measuring Waves
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Wave Speed•How fast a wave is
moving through a medium
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Wave Speed
v = d/t
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Wave Speed•Measured in
m/s
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Wave Speed•All waves move at a constant speed in
a given medium
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-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
0 2 4 6 8 10
Crest
Trough
Amplitude
Wavelength ()
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Wavelength ()•The distance between corresponding points
in a wave
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Wavelength ()•Measured in m or
some form of m
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Displacement•The perpendicular
distance a wave vibrates from zero
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Amplitude•The maximum
displacement a wave vibrates from zero
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Frequency (f)()•The number of
waves per unit time
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Frequency•Measured in hertz
(Hz) •(cycles/s or waves/s)
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Period (T)•The time measured in (s) for one wave to pass or the time for
one cycle
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Frequency Period Formula
T = 1/f
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Wave Velocity Formula
v = f
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You are 525 m from a clock tower. You hear a
clock’s chime at 436 Hz in 1.50 s. Calculate: v, T, & of the sound
wave
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You shout towards a wall 0.685 km away producing a 75 cm wave. You hear the
echo in 4.00 s. Calculate: v, T, & f
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Surface Waves•At wave boundaries
exhibiting both transverse &
longitudinal properties
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Wave Speed•All waves move at a constant speed in
a given medium
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Waves passing from one medium
to another
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Incident Wave•The waves that
strikes a boundary of a given medium
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Reflected Wave•The waves that bounces off the
boundary & returns
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Transmitted Wave
•The waves that passes from one
medium to another
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Wave BehaviorWhen waves pass from one medium to another
they are both transmitted & reflected
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Radio waves travel at 3.00 x 108 m/s. Calculate the
wavelength of your favorite radio station.
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Wave BehaviorWaves transmitted from
one medium to another stay in phase or do not
invert
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Wave BehaviorThe amplitude change in
both transmitted waves & reflected waves is
dependent on % transmitted
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Wave Behavior
When colliding with a more dense medium, reflected waves invert
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Wave Behavior
When colliding with a less dense medium, reflected waves stay
erect or in phase
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Wave Behavior
When waves pass from one medium to another
of , the frequency remains constant
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Wave BehaviorWhen waves pass from one medium to another of different density, the
speed changes
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Wave Behavior
The speed of longitudinal waves is
proportional to the density of the medium
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Wave Behavior
The speed of transverse waves is inversely proportioned to the
density of the medium
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Wave Behavior
v = f, thus is inversely
proportioned to f
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A tsunami is formed 1800 km away
producing a 60 ft tidal wave that strikes shore 3.0 hr later. Calculate:
vwave in m/s
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Interference
The effect of two or more waves passing through a medium
simultaneously
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Principle of Superposition
At the point where 2 or more waves meet, the
total displacement is the sum of all the individual
displacements
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Constructive Interference
When the interference of waves is crest to
crest
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Constructive Interference
Will result in waves of larger amplitude
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Destructive Interference
When the interference of waves is crest to
trough
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Destructive Interference
Will result in waves of smaller amplitude
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NodeA point in a medium that
goes through no displacement when waves pass through
each other
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NodeA point in a medium that
goes through no displacement when waves pass through
each other
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AntinodeA point in a medium that goes through maximum
displacement when waves pass through
each other
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Standing WaveThe result of identical
waves moving in opposite directions
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Standing Wave
A guitar string is a good example
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Waves in Two Dimensions
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Reflected Wave
When a wave bounces off a wave
boundary
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Law of ReflectionWhen a wave strikes a
boundary at an angle other than normal, the reflected angle equal the angle of incident
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Law of Reflection
reflection = incident
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RefractionWhen a wave strikes a
boundary at an angle other than normal, the
angle of the transmitted ray is changed
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RefractionThe bending of waves
passing from one medium to another due
to speed change
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Less DenseMedium
More Dense
MediumNormal
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Diffraction
The bending of waves around a barrier
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DiffractionWhen a wave passes
through a small opening, the wave will exit in a semi-circular
pattern
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Three waves (1.0 m, 0.60 m, & 0.50 m) pass simultaneously through
a medium. Calculate maximum & minimum
displacement:
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Red light with a wavelength of 600.0 nm travels through space at
3.00 x 108 m/s. Calculate its:
frequency & period
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A 60.0 Hz note from a base guitar travels
through a hot room at 360 m/s. Calculate its:wavelength & period
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A series of 6.0 ft waves move towards an island.
Determine the side of the island where the
waves will be the largest. Front of back
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Three waves (2.0 m,1.5 m, & 1.2 m) pass
simultaneously through a medium. Calculate
maximum & minimum displacement:
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Blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm travels through space at
3.00 x 108 m/s. Calculate its:
frequency & period
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An 85 Hz note from a bass guitar travels
through a room at 340 m/s. Calculate its:
wavelength & period
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Island Phenomenon
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Answer the questions on page 268 & 269, and
work problems a on page 269.