Descendants of Isabelle de Mar Born in Scotland Died 1320 Prepared Nov 30, 2009

Descendants of: of 37Isabelle de Mar

1st Generation

1. Isabelle de Mar was born About 1274 in Kildrummy Castle, Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland and died About 1320. Shemarried (Unknown).

Children of Isabelle de Mari. 2. Marjorie Bruce was born About 1297 in Dundonald, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland and died on Mar. 2, 1316 in Scotland.

2nd Generation (Children)

2. Marjorie Bruce was born About 1297 in Dundonald, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland and died on Mar. 2, 1316 in Scotland. She married(Unknown).

Children of Marjorie Brucei. 3. Robert, II Stuart, King of Scotland was born on Mar. 2, 1316 in Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland and died on Apr. 19,

1390 in Dundonald Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland.

3rd Generation (Grandchildren)

3. Robert, II Stuart, King of Scotland was born on Mar. 2, 1316 in Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland and died on Apr. 19, 1390 in

Dundonald Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland. He married Elizabeth Mure, Queen of Scotland on Nov. 22, 1347 in

Dispensation, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland. Elizabeth was born About 1320 in Rowallan, Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland and died in 1355in Scotland.

Children of Robert, II Stuart, King of Scotland and Elizabeth Mure, Queen of Scotlandi. 4. John Robert, III Stuart was born in 1348 in Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland and died on Apr. 4, 1406 in Rothsay Casstle,

Dundonald, Ayshire, Scotland.

4th Generation (Great-grandchildren)

4. John Robert, III Stuart was born in 1348 in Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland and died on Apr. 4, 1406 in Rothsay Casstle,

Dundonald, Ayshire, Scotland. He married Annabella Drummond on Mar. 13, 1365 in Dispensation, Scotland. Annabella wasborn About 1352 in Stobhall, Cargill, Perthshire, Scotland and died on an unknown date.

Children of John Robert, III Stuart and Annabella Drummondi. 5. James, I Stuart, King of Scotland was born in 1394 in Dumferline, Fifeshire, Scotland and died on Feb. 21, 1437 in

Perth, Perthshire, Scotland.


5th Generation (Great(2)-grandchildren)

5. James, I Stuart, King of Scotland was born in 1394 in Dumferline, Fifeshire, Scotland and died on Feb. 21, 1437 in Perth,

Perthshire, Scotland. He married Joan Plantagenet on Feb. 2, 1423 in Southwark, Scotland. Joan, daughter of JohnPlantagenet, Marquis de Dorset and Margaret de Holland, was born About 1400 in Westminister, England and died in 1445.

Children of James, I Stuart, King of Scotland and Joan Plantageneti. 6. James, II Stuart was born on Oct. 16, 1430 in Edinburgh, Scotland and died on Aug. 3, 1460 in Edinburgh, Scotland.


6. James, II Stuart was born on Oct. 16, 1430 in Edinburgh, Scotland and died on Aug. 3, 1460 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He married

Marie von Geldern on Jul. 3, 1449. Marie, daughter of Arnold von Geldern, Duke of Gueldres and Katherine vonKleve, died on Dec. 1, 1463.

Children of James, II Stuart and Marie von Gelderni. 7. James, III Stuart was born on Jul. 10, 1451 in Stirling, Scotland and died on Jun. 11, 1488 in Bannockburn, Scotland.


7. James, III Stuart was born on Jul. 10, 1451 in Stirling, Scotland and died on Jun. 11, 1488 in Bannockburn, Scotland. He

married Margaret Oldenburg on Jul. 13, 1469. Margaret, daughter of Christian, I Oldenburg and Dorthea vonBrandenburg, was born on Jun. 23, 1456 and died on Jul. 14, 1486.

Children of James, III Stuart and Margaret Oldenburgi. 8. James IV Stuart was born on Mar. 17, 1473 in Perthshire, Scotland and died on Sep. 9, 1513 in Branxton,

Northumberland, England.


8. James IV Stuart was born on Mar. 17, 1473 in Perthshire, Scotland and died on Sep. 9, 1513 in Branxton, Northumberland,

England. He married Margaret Tudor on Aug. 8, 1503 in Edinburgh, Scotland. Margaret, daughter of Henry VII Tudor and

Elizabeth Plantagenet, was born on Nov. 28, 1489 in London, England and died on Oct. 18, 1541 in Perthshire, Scotland.

Children of James IV Stuart and Margaret Tudori. 9. James, V Stuart was born on Apr. 15, 1512 in Scotland and died on Dec. 14, 1542 in Fife, Scotland.



9. James, V Stuart was born on Apr. 15, 1512 in Scotland and died on Dec. 14, 1542 in Fife, Scotland. He married Mary deGuise de Lorraine on May 9, 1538. Mary de Guise, daughter of Claude de Lorraine, Duke of Guise and Antoinette deBourbon, Duchess of Guise, was born on Nov. 22, 1515 in Bar-le-Duc, France and died on an unknown date.

Children of James, V Stuart and Mary de Guise de Lorrainei. 10. Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots was born on Dec. 7, 1542 in Linlithgow Palace, Scotland and died on Feb. 8, 1587 in

Northampton, England.


10. Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots was born on Dec. 7, 1542 in Linlithgow Palace, Scotland and died on Feb. 8, 1587 inNorthampton, England. She married (Unknown).

Children of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotsi. 11. James VI and I Stuart, King of Scotland, King of England and Ireland was born on Jun. 19, 1566 in Edinburgh

Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland and died on Mar. 27, 1625 in Theobalds, Hertfordshire, England.


11. James VI and I Stuart, King of Scotland, King of England and Ireland was born on Jun. 19, 1566 in Edinburgh

Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland and died on Mar. 27, 1625 in Theobalds, Hertfordshire, England. He married Anne Oldenburg on Nov.

23, 1589 in Oslo, Norway. Anne was born on Oct. 14, 1574 in Skanderborg Castle, Jutland (Denmark) and died on Mar. 4, 1619 inEngland.

Children of James VI and I Stuart, King of Scotland, King of England and Ireland and Anne Oldenburgi. 12. Charles, I Stuart, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland was born on Nov. 19, 1600 in Dunfermline Palace,

Fife, Scotland and died on Jan. 30, 1649 in Palace of Whitehall, London, England.


12. Charles, I Stuart, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland was born on Nov. 19, 1600 in Dunfermline Palace, Fife,

Scotland and died on Jan. 30, 1649 in Palace of Whitehall, London, England. He met 1st Joanna Brydges. Joanna was born in

1618/19 in England and died on an unknown date. He married 2nd Henrietta Maria Bourbon on Jun. 13, 1625 in Canterbury,

England. Henrietta Maria was born About 1605 in France and died on an unknown date.

Other events in the relationship of Charles, I Stuart, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland and Joanna BrydgesOther

Children of Charles, I Stuart, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland and Joanna Brydgesi. 13. Pheobe Langsdale died in 1651.


Children of Charles, I Stuart, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland and Henrietta Maria Bourbonii. 14. Margaret Bourbon Stuart was born About 1635 in England and died on Aug. 21, 1728 in Essex Co., Virginia, USA.


13. Pheobe Langsdale died in 1651. She married Jeremy Taylor, Bishop of Down, Ireland in 1639 in probably

Uppingham, Rutland, England. Jeremy, son of Nathaniel Taylor and Mary Dean, was born on Aug. 15, 1613 in Trinity Parish,Cambridgeshire, England and died on Aug. 13, 1667 in Lisburn.

Other events in the life of Jeremy Taylor, Bishop of Down, IrelandBurial Dromore Cathederal (now Apsidal Chancel), County Down, Ireland

Children of Pheobe Langsdale and Jeremy Taylor, Bishop of Down, Irelandi. 15. Mary Taylor died on an unknown date.

14. Margaret Bourbon Stuart was born About 1635 in England and died on Aug. 21, 1728 in Essex Co., Virginia, USA. She

married Robert Rutherford in 1654 in Virginia, USA. Robert, son of Adam Rutherford and Janet Rutherford, was born in1634 in Jedburgh, Roxburghshire, Scotland and died on Apr. 21, 1728 in Essex Co., VA.

Children of Margaret Bourbon Stuart and Robert Rutherfordi. 16. Robert Rutherford was born in 1663 in Old Rappahanock Co., VA and died on Mar. 15, 1725 in Essex Co., VA.


15. Mary Taylor died on an unknown date. She married Francis Marsh. Francis was born on Oct. 23, 1626 and died on anunknown date.

16. Robert Rutherford was born in 1663 in Old Rappahanock Co., VA and died on Mar. 15, 1725 in Essex Co., VA. He married

Margaret Vawter. Margaret, daughter of Bartholomew Vawter and Winifred Hodgson, was born in 1672 in England anddied in 1743 in Essex Co., VA, USA.

Children of Robert Rutherford and Margaret Vawteri. 17. Joseph Rutherford was born About 1700 in Essex, Virginia, USA and died in 1788 in Rockingham, VA, USA.



17. Joseph Rutherford was born About 1700 in Essex, Virginia, USA and died in 1788 in Rockingham, VA, USA. He married

Elizabeth Elliott. Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Elliott, was born Between 1720 and 1723 in Jamaica and died in Rockingham,VA, USA.

Children of Joseph Rutherford and Elizabeth Elliotti. 18. Thomas Rutherford was born in 1730 in Rockingham, VA, USA and died in 1770 in Augusta, VA, USA.


18. Thomas Rutherford was born in 1730 in Rockingham, VA, USA and died in 1770 in Augusta, VA, USA. He married

Elizabeth Woodley in 1762 in Virginia. Elizabeth was born About 1748 in Virginia, USA and died in 1770 in Fayette, VA orTennessee.

Children of Thomas Rutherford and Elizabeth Woodleyi. 19. Reuben Robert Rutherford was born Between 1760 and 1765 in Augusta Co., Virginia and died in 1845 in Pike Co.,

KY.


19. Reuben Robert Rutherford was born Between 1760 and 1765 in Augusta Co., Virginia and died in 1845 in Pike Co., KY. He

married Priscilla Staton About 1794 alt 25 Dec 1814 in Virginia or Floyd Co., KY. Priscilla, daughter of Josiah AzariahCoburn and Penelope Piney, was born in 1776 in Anson Co., NC or Greenville, SC and died in Aug. 1849 in Pike Co., KY.

Other events in the life of Reuben Robert RutherfordBurial Tom Scott Cemetery, Pond creek, Pike Co., KY

Children of Reuben Robert Rutherford and Priscilla Statoni. 20. Joseph Rutherford was born About 1795 in Russell Co., VA and died Before 1870.


20. Joseph Rutherford was born About 1795 in Russell Co., VA and died Before 1870. He married Permillia Oma Keesee on

Jul. 20, 1829 in Pike Co., KY. Permillia Oma, daughter of Richard Keesee and Judith Morris, was born About 1810 in Logan,VA and died on an unknown date.

Children of Joseph Rutherford and Permillia Oma Keeseei. 21. Elizabeth Rutherford was born in Feb. 1835 in KY and died After 1920 in Pike Co., Kentucky.



21. Elizabeth Rutherford was born in Feb. 1835 in KY and died After 1920 in Pike Co., Kentucky. She married Andrew B.McCoy About 1865. Andrew B., son of Asa McCoy and Eleanor (Nellie) Burris, was born in Dec. 1837 in Kentucky or LoganCo., WV and died Before 1909 in Pike Co., Kentucky.

Children of Elizabeth Rutherford and Andrew B. McCoyi. 22. Elnora McCoy was born on Aug. 30, 1869 in Pike, Kentucky, USA and died on an unknown date.ii. 23. Rebecca McCoy was born in 1863 and died on an unknown date.iii. 24. Joseph McCoy was born in 1865 and died on an unknown date.iv. 25. Parlee McCoy was born in 1866 and died on an unknown date.v. 26. Harvey McCoy was born in 1867 in Pike Co., Kentucky and died on an unknown date.vi. 27. Boyd McCoy was born in 1872 and died on an unknown date.vii. 28. Dollie McCoy was born in 1874 and died on an unknown date.viii. 29. Lydia McCoy was born in 1875 in Pike Co., KY and died in 1967.ix. 30. Lovel McCoy was born in 1878 and died on an unknown date.


22. Elnora McCoy was born on Aug. 30, 1869 in Pike, Kentucky, USA and died on an unknown date. She married JosephHarvey Chapman. Joseph Harvey, son of Daniel R. McTheney and Chloe Chapman, was born in 1869 in Pike Co.,Kentucky, USA and died on an unknown date.

Other events in the life of Elnora McCoyMarriage May 3 1888 Pike Co., KY

Other events in the life of Joseph Harvey ChapmanMarriage to Elley McCoy May 3 1888 Pike, Kentucky, USAMarriage May 14 1904 Mingo, West Virginia, USA

married Matilda VarneyOccupation 1910 Mingo Co., WV

Coal miner (1910 census)Marriage married Louisa (d: bef 1904

Children of Elnora McCoy and Joseph Harvey Chapmani. 31. Sydney Chapman was born on Mar. 28, 1888 in Pike, Kentucky, USA and died on May 19, 1945 in Mingo Co., West

Virginia, USA.ii. 32. Tony Chapman was born on Jul. 2, 1893 in Pike, Kentucky, USA and died on May 23, 1985 in Columbus, Franklin, Ohio.iii. 33. Lovel C. Chapman was born on Jan. 4, 1896 in (probably Pike), Kentucky, USA and died 1918 probably in Monroe, KY.

23. Rebecca McCoy was born in 1863 and died on an unknown date. She married William Johnson Chapman on Jan. 5,

1888 in Chesapeake, OH. William Johnson, son of Edward Chapman and Elizabeth Hunt, was born About 1859 in Kentuckyand died on an unknown date.

Other events in the life of Rebecca McCoyMarriage Jan 5 1888 Pike Co., KY

married William Johnson Chapman


Other events in the life of William Johnson ChapmanMarriage Jan 5 1888 Pike Co., KY

married Rebecca McCoy

24. Joseph McCoy was born in 1865 and died on an unknown date.

25. Parlee McCoy was born in 1866 and died on an unknown date.

26. Harvey McCoy was born in 1867 in Pike Co., Kentucky and died on an unknown date. He married Eliza Smith on Aug. 15,1889 in Chesapeake, OH.

27. Boyd McCoy was born in 1872 and died on an unknown date.

28. Dollie McCoy was born in 1874 and died on an unknown date.

29. Lydia McCoy was born in 1875 in Pike Co., KY and died in 1967.

Children of Lydia McCoyi. 34. Pearl Mae Duncan was born in 1898 in Pike Co., KY and died in 1972.

30. Lovel McCoy was born in 1878 and died on an unknown date.


21st Generation (Great(18)-grandchildren)

31. Sydney Chapman was born on Mar. 28, 1888 in Pike, Kentucky, USA and died on May 19, 1945 in Mingo Co., West Virginia,

USA. He married 1st Esther Louise Row on Oct. 30, 1907 in Williamson, Mingo, West Virginia probably. Esther Louise,

daughter of William Row and Jahaza Jahasy Sizemore, was born on Jun. 8, 1892 in Ashland/ Catlesburg, Boyd, KY and died

on Dec. 24, 1977 in Boulder, CO. He married 2nd Fanny Hatfield on Feb. 10, 1916 in Mingo, West Virginia, USA. Fanny was bornin 1892 in Mingo, West Virginia and died on an unknown date.

Other events in the life of Sydney ChapmanCensus 1900 Pike, Kentucky, USA

resideceOccupation 1900 Magisterial District 6, Pike Co., Kentucky

farm laborer at age 12.Marriage Oct 30 1907 Mingo, West Virginia, USA

married Esther Row known as Esta RowCensus 1910 Williamson, Mingo, West Virginia

Living with wife Esther Row and daughter Marie Gladys ChapmanDivorce Aug 24 1914 Mingo Co., WV probably

Sydney Chapman and Esther Row divorcedMarriage Feb 10 1916 Mingo, West Virginia

marriage Sydney Chapman + Fanny HatfieldMilitary Draft Registration Jun 5 1917 Mingo Co., West Virginia

Roll: 1991862Occupation Jul 5 1917 Williamson, Mingo, West Virginia

coal miner for Buffal Coal Company per draft registration boardChildred adopted 1912 to 1916 Williamson, Mingo, West Virginia

Irvin Presston Turner and Minnie (Row) Turner adopted Marie Gladys Chapman andSherwood T. Chapman from Sydney Chapman and Esther (Row) Chapman

Census 1920 and 1930census

Mingo Co., West Virginia, USAliving with 2nd wife, Fanny Hatfield

Other events in the life of Esther Louise RowReligion BabtistParents died 1895 probably Ashland, KY

parents died when Esther was 3 years old.Marriage Oct 30 1907 Mingo, West Virginia, USA

married Sydney "Sid" ChapmanCensus 1910 Mingo Co., West Virginai

living with husband Sydney Chapman, daughter Marie Chapman, cousin Henry SizemoreDivorce Aug 24 1914 Mingo Co., WV

Sydney and Esther divorcedOccupation Between 1917

and 1918Denver, Colorado, USAWorked at Daniels and Fisher Department Store where she met Luis Daniel Aseniero and marriedhim.

US Citizenship 1918 Esther may have lost US citizenship when she married an Asian because of Oriental Exclusion ActNationality Jan 10 1940 Denver, CO

Esther got her US citizenship back. (She never left the country.)SS# 523-16-4096 1977 Denver, CO

Death benefits in Fraze and Malvern, Chester, PAAdoption 1912 to 1920 Williamson, Mingo Co, WV

Irvin Preston Turner and Minnie Rowe (Sizemore) Turner adopted Marie Gladys Chapman andSherwood T. Chapman from Sydney Chapman and Esther (Sizemore) Chapman

Burial Mountain View Memorial Park, Boulder, CO

Other events in the relationship of Sydney Chapman and Esther Louise RowDivorce

Other events in the life of Fanny HatfieldCensus 1900 Mingo, West VirginiaCensus 1910 Mingo Co., West Virginia, USACensus 1930 Mingo Co., West Virginia, USA


Children of Sydney Chapman and Esther Louise Rowi. 35. Sherwood Tunis Chapman (Turner) was born on Jan. 19, 1912 in Williamson, Mingo Co, WV and died on Jun. 2,

1992 in Lakewood, Jefferson, CO.ii. 36. Marie Gladys Chapman Turner was born on Oct. 15, 1908 in Howard Mines, Chattry, Williamson, Mingo Co, WV and

died on Jul. 20, 2000 in La Mesa, San Diego, CA.

Children of Sydney Chapman and Fanny Hatfieldiii. 37. Golden Chapman was born in 1921 in Kentucky and died on an unknown date.iv. 38. Jaunita Chapman was born in 1924 in West Virginia and died on an unknown date.v. 39. Billy Chapman was born in 1927 in West Virginia and died on an unknown date.

32. Tony Chapman was born on Jul. 2, 1893 in Pike, Kentucky, USA and died on May 23, 1985 in Columbus, Franklin, Ohio. He

married May Johnson. May Johnson, daughter of Robert Johnson and Margaret, was born in 1895 in Johnson Co.,Kentucky, USA and died on an unknown date.

Other events in the life of Tony ChapmanOccupation 1910 Mingo, WV

coal miner - 1910 censusMarriage Nov 28 1912 Mingo Co., WV

married May Johnson

Children of Tony Chapman and May Johnsoni. 40. Ted Mickey Chapman was born on Nov. 30, 1929 in Mingo Co., West Virginia and died on Sep. 25, 1985 in Columbus,

Franklin, Ohio.ii. 41. Howard Chapman was born in 1925 in West Virginia and died in Ohio.iii. 42. Claude Dorphus Chapman was born in 1923 in West Virginia and died in Clark, NV.iv. 43. Margurite Chapman was born in 1915 in West Virginia and died on an unknown date.v. 44. Dallas Chapman was born in 1918 in West Virginia and died on an unknown date.vi. 45. Patricia Irene Chapman was born in 1929 in West Virginia and died on an unknown date.vii. 46. William Chapman was born in 1916 in West Virginia and died on an unknown date.viii. 47. Lillian Movita Chapman was born on Oct. 12, 1934 in West Virginia and died on Jun. 20, 1970 in Las Vegas, Clark Co.,

NV.

33. Lovel C. Chapman was born on Jan. 4, 1896 in (probably Pike), Kentucky, USA and died 1918 probably in Monroe, KY.

Other events in the life of Lovel C. ChapmanOccupation 1910 Mingo, WV

trapper boy - coal mines --1910 census

34. Pearl Mae Duncan was born in 1898 in Pike Co., KY and died in 1972.

Children of Pearl Mae Duncani. 48. Cullen Edward Porter, Sr. was born in 1922 in Williamson, WV and died in 1994.


22nd Generation (Great(19)-grandchildren)

35. Sherwood Tunis Chapman (Turner) was born on Jan. 19, 1912 in Williamson, Mingo Co, WV and died on Jun. 2, 1992 in

Lakewood, Jefferson, CO. He married Evelyn Ruth Elizabeth Wagey on Feb. 17, 1935 in Denver, CO. Evelyn RuthElizabeth, daughter of Mason James Wagey and Etta Sarah Christner, was born on Feb. 29, 1916 in Cambridge, Nebraskaand died on Apr. 4, 2004 in Denver, CO.

Other events in the life of Sherwood Tunis Chapman (Turner)Religion Evangelical Covenant-ArvadaAdoption 1915 Williamson, Mingo Co., WV

adopted by Irvin Preston Turner and wife, Minnie (Rowe) Turner.Occupation 1935 worked for an insurance companyOccupation Between 1952 and 1955 owned Lakeview Electrical CompanyOccupation Between 1955 and 1977 Public Service

laboratory technicianSS# 521-09-3161 1992Burial Crown Hill, Jefferson Co., CO

Other events in the life of Evelyn Ruth Elizabeth WageyOccupation secretaryReligion Evangelical Covenant-ArvodaOccupation until 1970 US Air Force Accounting and Finance Center

Children of Sherwood Tunis Chapman (Turner) and Evelyn Ruth Elizabeth Wageyi. 49. Sherwood T. Turner, Jr. was born on Sep. 6, 1938 in Denver, CO.ii. 50. David Roy Turner was born on Nov. 8, 1940 in Denver, CO.iii. 51. Beverly Ann Turner was born on Oct. 11, 1935 in Denver, CO and died on Mar. 24, 1980.

36. Marie Gladys Chapman Turner was born on Oct. 15, 1908 in Howard Mines, Chattry, Williamson, Mingo Co, WV and died

on Jul. 20, 2000 in La Mesa, San Diego, CA. She married Glenn Lucien Taylor on Sep. 1, 1937 in San Diego, CA. GlennLucien, son of Owen Taylor and Alice Minerva Kellogg, was born on Nov. 24, 1909 in Merrill, Plymouth Co., Iowa and died onJun. 2, 1988 in La Mesa, San Diego, CA.

Other events in the life of Marie Gladys Chapman TurnerOccupation 1911 Williamson, Mingo, West Virginia

Marie picked cotton at age 2 1/2 because Minnie had lost her eyesight temporarily; later recoveredAdoption 1915 Williamson, Mingo, Co. WV

adopted by Irvin Preston Turner & wife, Minnie (Rowe) TurnerBurial Glenwood Memorial Park, I-805 & Imperial Av., San Diego, CA 92102

Other events in the life of Glenn Lucien TaylorMoved IA to CA 1936 San Diego, CA

moved from Iowa to San Diego, CABurial 1988 Greenwood Memorial Park, San Diego, CA

I-805 and Imperial Av., San Diego, CA 92102Occupation 1936-1974 38 years San Diego, CA

switchman for Pacific Bell

Children of Marie Gladys Chapman Turner and Glenn Lucien Taylori. 52. Lloyd Irvin Taylor was born on Jun. 22, 1943 in San Diego, CA and died STILL ALIVE.ii. 53. Sharon Kay Taylor was born on Jul. 6, 1945 in San Diego, CA.


37. Golden Chapman was born in 1921 in Kentucky and died on an unknown date.

38. Jaunita Chapman was born in 1924 in West Virginia and died on an unknown date.

Other events in the life of Jaunita ChapmanCensus 1930 Mingo, West Virginia

39. Billy Chapman was born in 1927 in West Virginia and died on an unknown date.

40. Ted Mickey Chapman was born on Nov. 30, 1929 in Mingo Co., West Virginia and died on Sep. 25, 1985 in Columbus,

Franklin, Ohio. He married Elizabeth Jean Farrow. Elizabeth Jean, daughter of Mary, was born on Jul. 17, 1928 and died onan unknown date.

Other events in the life of Ted Mickey ChapmanMilitary Service Lieutenant Colonel U.S. Army Reserve, Infantry

Children of Ted Mickey Chapman and Elizabeth Jean Farrowi. 54. William Bennett Chapman was born in 1958 in Ohio and died in 1978 in Soul-T'ukpyolsi, South Korea.ii. 55. David Allen Chapman.iii. 56. Susan Gale Chapman was born in 1949.iv. 57. Judith Ann Chapman was born in 1957.v. 58. Johnathon Kent Chapman was born in 1965.

41. Howard Chapman was born in 1925 in West Virginia and died in Ohio.

42. Claude Dorphus Chapman was born in 1923 in West Virginia and died in Clark, NV. He married Mary Hazel Alexander.


43. Margurite Chapman was born in 1915 in West Virginia and died on an unknown date.

44. Dallas Chapman was born in 1918 in West Virginia and died on an unknown date.

45. Patricia Irene Chapman was born in 1929 in West Virginia and died on an unknown date.

46. William Chapman was born in 1916 in West Virginia and died on an unknown date.

47. Lillian Movita Chapman was born on Oct. 12, 1934 in West Virginia and died on Jun. 20, 1970 in Las Vegas, Clark Co., NV.

She married Herbert Ray Kitts. Herbert Ray was born on Oct. 13, 1927 in Ft Gay, Wayne co., WV and died on Dec. 12, 1999 inSalem, Fayette Co, WV.

48. Cullen Edward Porter, Sr. was born in 1922 in Williamson, WV and died in 1994.

Children of Cullen Edward Porter, Sr.i. 59. Cullen Edward Porter, II was born in 1957 in Chicago, IL and died on an unknown date.

23rd Generation (Great(20)-grandchildren)

49. Sherwood T. Turner, Jr. was born on Sep. 6, 1938 in Denver, CO. He married Mary Elaine Olson on Oct. 8, 1958 in

Denver, Colorado, USA. Mary Elaine was born on Aug. 2, 1940.

Children of Sherwood T. Turner, Jr. and Mary Elaine Olsoni. 60. Kent Edward Turner was born on Jan. 6, 1967 in CO.ii. 61. Richard Allan Turner was born on Jul. 16, 1964 in CO.


iii. 62. Ronald Keith Turner was born on Mar. 31, 1959 in Denver, Colorado, USA.iv. 63. Gloria Jean Turner was born on Aug. 26, 1961.

50. David Roy Turner was born on Nov. 8, 1940 in Denver, CO. He married Constance Bartlett on Aug. 26, 1962 in Bird City,

Kansas. Constance, daughter of Wilbur Allen Bartlett and Edith Belle Banister, was born on Dec. 19, 1941 in St. Francis,KS.

Other events in the life of David Roy TurnerMilitary Service Ft. Leonardwood, MO

U.S. Army ReserveGraduation 1959Religion PresbyterianGraduation 1964 Greely, CO

graduated from Colorado State College, now University of Northern Colorado with BA in Business EducationGraduation 1968 Ft. Collins, CO

graduated from Colorado State University with Masters of Educaton in School of AdministrationRetired 2004 retired as school administratorCensus 2007 Greeley, CO

moved to Greeley, CO after living in Colorado Springs, CO for 17 years

Children of David Roy Turner and Constance Bartletti. 64. Debra Beneth Turner was born on Aug. 19, 1963 in Greeley, CO.ii. 65. Pamela Rachelle Turner was born on Feb. 22, 1967 in Wheat Ridge, CO.

51. Beverly Ann Turner was born on Oct. 11, 1935 in Denver, CO and died on Mar. 24, 1980. She married Eugene R.Schoenberg on Oct. 18, 1953. Eugene R. was born on Jun. 7, 1931 in Denver, CO and died on Nov. 1, 1997 in Wheat Ridge, CO.

Other events in the life of Eugene R. SchoenbergBurial Arvada Cemetery, Arvada, CO

Children of Beverly Ann Turner and Eugene R. Schoenbergi. 66. Steven Dale Schoenberg was born on May 19, 1959.ii. 67. Karen Kay Schoenberg was born on Jan. 24, 1962.iii. 68. Robert Phillip Schoenberg was born on Sep. 13, 1966.

52. Lloyd Irvin Taylor was born on Jun. 22, 1943 in San Diego, CA and died STILL ALIVE.

Other events in the life of Lloyd Irvin TaylorReligion AtheistGraduation 1961 Helix High School, La Mesa, CA

16th in class of 325.Graduation 1965 San Diego State University

Bachelors of Science in Journalism, minor in Business AdministrationGraduation 1968 UCLA University of California, Los Angeles

Master of Science in Business Administration: AccountingOccupation 1970 Los Angeles, CA

Certified Public accountant.Graduation 1973 Loyola University Law School, Los Angeles

Juris Doctor degree


Occupation 1973 San Francisco, CALawyer

Ran for public office 1977 San Francisco, CAran as a Libertarian Attorney/CPA for Board of Supervisors. Wanted to dramatically reduce citygovernent. Did not win.

53. Sharon Kay Taylor was born on Jul. 6, 1945 in San Diego, CA.

Other events in the life of Sharon Kay TaylorEducation 1968 San Diego State University, San Diego, Ca

Graduated with B.A in JournalismOccupation San Diego, CA

Administrative assistant at San Diego Chamber of CommerceOccupation 1976 Torrey Pines and Poway, CA

teacher at Torey Pines High School and Poway High school

54. William Bennett Chapman was born in 1958 in Ohio and died in 1978 in Soul-T'ukpyolsi, South Korea.

55. David Allen Chapman. He married Randi Ginsburg.

Other events in the life of David Allen ChapmanMilitary Service Lieutenant Colonel, U. S. Army

Children of David Allen Chapman and Randi Ginsburgi. 69. Alexander Bennett Chapman.ii. 70. Ryan Michael Chapman.

56. Susan Gale Chapman was born in 1949.

57. Judith Ann Chapman was born in 1957.


58. Johnathon Kent Chapman was born in 1965.

59. Cullen Edward Porter, II was born in 1957 in Chicago, IL and died on an unknown date.


60. Kent Edward Turner was born on Jan. 6, 1967 in CO. He married Unknown.

Children of Kent Edward Turner and Unknowni. 71. Kory Turner was born on Jun. 15, 1999.ii. 72. Krisstopher Turner was born on Jun. 24, 1989.iii. 73. Brooke Turner was born on Oct. 28, 1985.iv. 74. Kyle Turner was born on Jun. 26, 1987.v. 75. Kody Turner was born on May 13, 1997.

61. Richard Allan Turner was born on Jul. 16, 1964 in CO. He married Shelly Myers on Jul. 18, 1996. Shelly was born in CO.

Children of Richard Allan Turner and Shelly Myersi. 76. Bryan Turner was born on Oct. 25, 1994.ii. 77. Aaron Turner was born on Oct. 24, 1998.iii. 78. Kylie Turner was born on Jan. 30, 2001.

62. Ronald Keith Turner was born on Mar. 31, 1959 in Denver, Colorado, USA. He married Rhonda Lee on Nov. 6, 1976.

Children of Ronald Keith Turner and Rhonda Leei. 79. Christina Turner was born on Apr. 21, 1977.ii. 80. Lori Turner was born on Dec. 27, 1978.iii. 81. Brittany Turner was born on Apr. 9, 1987.iv. 82. Stacey Turner was born in 11 Sep 1989.


63. Gloria Jean Turner was born on Aug. 26, 1961. She married Gil Madrid on Nov. 24, 1984.

Children of Gloria Jean Turner and Gil Madridi. 83. Annette Madrid was born on Jan. 18, 1982.ii. 84. Brenda Madrid was born on Jan. 18, 1982.iii. 85. Mary Madrid was born on May 25, 1985.iv. 86. Tenisha Madrid was born on Aug. 15, 1991.v. 87. Adam Madrid was born on Mar. 8, 1999.vi. 88. Lauren Madrid was born on Feb. 26, 2003.vii. 89. Maria Madrid was born on Jul. 9, 1990.

64. Debra Beneth Turner was born on Aug. 19, 1963 in Greeley, CO. She married Kent Knudsen on Sep. 1, 1988.

Other events in the life of Debra Beneth TurnerMarriage Sep 1 1988 married Kent Knudsen

Other events in the life of Kent KnudsenMarriage Sep 1 1988 married Debra Turner

Children of Debra Beneth Turner and Kent Knudseni. 90. Fisher M. Knudsen was born on Oct. 4, 1996.ii. 91. Olivia K. Knudsen was born on May 1, 1999.iii. 92. Ivy E. Knudsen was born on Jun. 13, 2001.

65. Pamela Rachelle Turner was born on Feb. 22, 1967 in Wheat Ridge, CO. She married Brent Bettolo on Jun. 27, 1987.

Other events in the life of Pamela Rachelle TurnerDivorce 2004 Divorce from Bettolo

Other events in the relationship of Pamela Rachelle Turner and Brent BettoloDivorce

Children of Pamela Rachelle Turner and Brent Bettoloi. 93. Devon Bettolo was born on Mar. 2, 1992.ii. 94. Tyler Bettolo was born on Jun. 16, 1996.


66. Steven Dale Schoenberg was born on May 19, 1959. He married Sue JoAnn.

Children of Steven Dale Schoenberg and Sue JoAnni. 95. Michael Schoenberg.ii. 96. Alisha Schoenberg.

67. Karen Kay Schoenberg was born on Jan. 24, 1962. She married Daniel Scott Douglas.

Children of Karen Kay Schoenberg and Daniel Scott Douglasi. 97. Derek Douglas was born on Feb. 6, 1989.ii. 98. Andrew Douglas was born on Mar. 22, 1991.

68. Robert Phillip Schoenberg was born on Sep. 13, 1966. He married Unknown.

Children of Robert Phillip Schoenberg and Unknowni. 99. Mogan Ann Schoenberg.

69. Alexander Bennett Chapman.

70. Ryan Michael Chapman.


71. Kory Turner was born on Jun. 15, 1999.


72. Krisstopher Turner was born on Jun. 24, 1989.

73. Brooke Turner was born on Oct. 28, 1985.

74. Kyle Turner was born on Jun. 26, 1987.

75. Kody Turner was born on May 13, 1997.

76. Bryan Turner was born on Oct. 25, 1994.

77. Aaron Turner was born on Oct. 24, 1998.

78. Kylie Turner was born on Jan. 30, 2001.

79. Christina Turner was born on Apr. 21, 1977.


80. Lori Turner was born on Dec. 27, 1978.

81. Brittany Turner was born on Apr. 9, 1987.

82. Stacey Turner was born in 11 Sep 1989.

83. Annette Madrid was born on Jan. 18, 1982.

84. Brenda Madrid was born on Jan. 18, 1982.

85. Mary Madrid was born on May 25, 1985.

86. Tenisha Madrid was born on Aug. 15, 1991.

Other events in the life of Tenisha MadridAdoption Adopted by Gloria and Gil

87. Adam Madrid was born on Mar. 8, 1999.


Other events in the life of Adam MadridAdoption Adopted by Gloria and Gil

88. Lauren Madrid was born on Feb. 26, 2003.

Other events in the life of Lauren MadridAdoption Adopted by Gloria and Gil

89. Maria Madrid was born on Jul. 9, 1990.

Other events in the life of Maria MadridAdoption Adopted by Gloria and Gil

90. Fisher M. Knudsen was born on Oct. 4, 1996.

91. Olivia K. Knudsen was born on May 1, 1999.

92. Ivy E. Knudsen was born on Jun. 13, 2001.

93. Devon Bettolo was born on Mar. 2, 1992.

94. Tyler Bettolo was born on Jun. 16, 1996.


95. Michael Schoenberg.

96. Alisha Schoenberg.

97. Derek Douglas was born on Feb. 6, 1989.

98. Andrew Douglas was born on Mar. 22, 1991.

99. Mogan Ann Schoenberg.

Notes

Notes on James, V StuartFather: 'James IV Stuart King of Scotland b: 17 MAR 1473 in Perthshire, ScotlandMother: Margaret Tudor b: 28 NOV 1489 in London, England

Marriage 1 Mary de Guise de Lorraine b: 22 NOV 1515 in Bar-le-Duc, FranceMarried: 09 MAY 1538 1Children James Stuart Duke of Rothesay b: 22 MAY 1540 in Fife, Scotland Arthur Robert Stuart Duke of Rothesay b: APR 1541 in Fife, Scotland 'Mary Stuart "Queen of Scots" b: 07 DEC 1542 in Linlithgow Palace, Scotland

Marriage 2 Madeleine de France b: 10 AUG 1520 in Paris, FranceMarried: 01 JAN 1537 in Paris, France

Notes on James VI and I Stuart, King of Scotland, King of England and IrelandJames I of EnglandFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from James VI)Jump to: navigation, searchJames VI & I

James I of England from the period 1603–1613, by Paul van Somer I (1576–1621)King of Scots (more...)Reign 24 July 1567 – 27 March 1625 (&0000000000000057.00000057 years, &0000000000000246.000000246 days)Coronation 29 July 1567Predecessor Mary I


Regent James Stewart, Earl of MorayMatthew Stewart, Earl of LennoxJohn Erskine, Earl of MarJames Douglas, Earl of MortonSuccessor Charles IKing of England and Ireland (more...)Reign 24 March 1603 – 27 March 1625 (&0000000000000022.00000022 years, &0000000000000003.0000003 days)Coronation 25 July 1603Predecessor Elizabeth ISuccessor Charles I

Consort Anne of Denmarkamong others...IssueHenry Frederick, Prince of WalesElizabeth, Queen of BohemiaCharles IRobert Stuart, Duke of KintyreFather Henry Stuart, Lord DarnleyMother Mary I of ScotlandBorn 19 June 1566(1566-06-19)Edinburgh Castle, ScotlandDied 27 March 1625 (aged 58)Theobalds House , EnglandJames VI & I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scots as James VI from 1567 to 1625, and King of England and Ireland as James I from 1603to 1625.

He became King of Scotland as James VI on 24 July 1567, when he was just thirteen months old, succeeding his mother Mary, Queen of Scots. Regentsgoverned during his minority, which ended officially in 1578, though he did not gain full control of his government until 1581.[1] On 24 March 1603, as JamesI, he succeeded the last Tudor monarch of England and Ireland, Elizabeth I, who died without issue.[2] He then ruled England, Scotland, and Ireland for 22years, often using the title King of Great Britain, until his death at the age of 58.[3]

Under James, the "Golden Age" of Elizabethan literature and drama continued, with writers such as William Shakespeare, John Donne, Ben Jonson, andSir Francis Bacon contributing to a flourishing literary culture.[4] James himself was a talented scholar, the author of works such as Daemonologie (1597)[5],True Law of Free Monarchies (1598)[6], and Basilikon Doron (1599).[7] Sir Anthony Weldon claimed that James had been termed "the wisest fool inChristendom", an epithet associated with his character ever since.[8]

Contents [hide]1 Childhood1.1 Birth1.2 Regencies2 Personal rule in Scotland2.1 Marriage2.2 Theory of monarchy3 English throne3.1 Proclaimed King of England4 Early reign in England4.1 Gunpowder plot5 King and Parliament5.1 Spanish match6 Religious challenges7 Favourites8 Personal relationships9 Final year10 Legacy11 Titles, styles, honours and arms11.1 Titles and styles12 Children13 Ancestry14 See also15 Notes16 References17 Further reading18 External links18.1 Books about James I available online18.2 Other links

[edit] Childhood

[edit] BirthJames Charles Stuart was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her second husband, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. He was a descendant of Henry VII of


England through his great-grandmother Margaret Tudor, older sister of Henry VIII.[9] Mary's rule over Scotland was insecure, for both she and her husband,being Roman Catholics, faced a rebellion by the Protestant population. Lord Darnley secretly allied himself with the rebels and murdered the Queen'sprivate secretary, David Rizzio.[10]

1568 painting by Lieven de Vogeleer depicting a two-year-old James praying for vengeance for the murder of his father, Henry Stuart, Lord DarnleyJameswas born on 19 June 1566 at Edinburgh Castle, and as the eldest son of the monarch and heir-apparent, automatically became Duke of Rothesay andPrince and Great Steward of Scotland. Elizabeth I of England, as godmother in absentia, sent a magnificent gold font as a christening gift.[11]

James's father, Henry, was murdered on 10 February 1567 at the Hamiltons' house, Kirk o' Field, Edinburgh, perhaps in revenge for Rizzio's death. Marywas already an unpopular queen, and her marriage on 15 May 1567 to James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, who was widely suspected of murderingHenry, heightened widespread bad feeling towards her.[12] In June 1567, Protestant rebels arrested Mary and imprisoned her in Loch Leven Castle; shenever saw her son again. She was forced to abdicate on 24 July in favour of the infant James and to appoint her illegitimate half-brother, James Stewart,Earl of Moray, as regent.[13]

[edit] RegenciesThe care of James was entrusted to the Earl and Countess of Mar, "to be conserved, nursed, and upbrought"[14] in the security of Stirling Castle.[15] Theboy was formally crowned at the age of thirteen months as King James VI of Scotland at the Church of the Holy Rude, Stirling, on 29 July 1567.[11] Thesermon was preached by the Calvinist John Knox. And, in accordance with the religious beliefs of most of the Scottish ruling class, James was brought upas a member of the Protestant national Church of Scotland, his education supervised by historian and poet George Buchanan, who subjected him to regularbeatings but also instilled in him a lifelong passion for literature and learning.[16]

In 1568 Mary escaped from prison, leading to a brief period of violence. The Earl of Moray defeated Mary's troops at the Battle of Langside, forcing her toflee to England, where she was subsequently imprisoned by Elizabeth. On 22 January 1570, Moray was assassinated by James Hamilton ofBothwellhaugh, to be succeeded as regent by James's paternal grandfather, Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, who a year later was carried fatallywounded into Stirling Castle after a raid by Mary's supporters.[17] The next regent, John Erskine, 1st Earl of Mar, died soon after banqueting at the estate ofJames Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton, where he "took a vehement sickness", dying on 28 October 1572 at Stirling. Morton, who now took Mar's office, provedin many ways the most effective of James's regents,[18] but he made enemies by his rapacity.[19] He fell from favour when the Frenchman Esmé Stewart,Sieur d'Aubigny, first cousin of James's father Lord Darnley, and future Earl of Lennox, arrived in Scotland and quickly established himself as the first ofJames's powerful male favourites.[20] Morton was executed on 2 June 1581, belatedly charged with complicity in Lord Darnley's murder.[21] On 8 August,James made Lennox the only duke in Scotland.[22] Then fifteen years old, the king was to remain under the influence of Lennox for about one moreyear.[23]

[edit] Personal rule in Scotland

James in 1586, age 20Although a Protestant convert, Lennox was distrusted by Scottish Calvinists, who noticed the physical displays of affection betweenfavourite and king and alleged that Lennox "went about to draw the King to carnal lust".[19] In August 1582, in what became known as the Ruthven Raid,the Protestant earls of Gowrie and Angus lured James into Ruthven Castle, imprisoned him,[24] and forced Lennox to leave Scotland. After James wasfreed in June 1583, he assumed increasing control of his kingdom. He pushed through the Black Acts to assert royal authority over the Kirk and between1584 and 1603 established effective royal government and relative peace among the lords, ably assisted by John Maitland of Thirlestane, who led thegovernment until 1592.[25] One last Scottish attempt against the king's person occurred in August 1600, when James was apparently assaulted byAlexander Ruthven, the Earl of Gowrie's younger brother, at Gowrie House, the seat of the Ruthvens.[26] Since Ruthven was run through by James's pageJohn Ramsay and the Earl of Gowrie was himself killed in the ensuing fracas, James's account of the circumstances, given the lack of witnesses and hishistory with the Ruthvens, was not universally believed.[27]

In 1586, James signed the Treaty of Berwick with England. That and the execution of his mother in 1587, which he denounced as a "preposterous andstrange procedure", helped clear the way for his succession south of the border.[28] During the Spanish Armada crisis of 1588, he assured Elizabeth of hissupport as "your natural son and compatriot of your country",[29] and as time passed and Elizabeth remained unmarried, securing the English successionbecame a cornerstone of James's policy.

[edit] MarriageMain article: Anne of Denmark

Anne of Denmark, by John de Critz, c. 1605.Throughout his youth, James was praised for his chastity, since he showed little interest in women; after theloss of Lennox, he continued to prefer male company.[30] A suitable marriage, however, was necessary to reinforce his monarchy, and the choice fell onthe fourteen-year-old Anne of Denmark (born December 1574), younger daughter of the Protestant Frederick II. Shortly after a proxy marriage in August1589, Anne sailed for Scotland but was forced by storms to the coast of Norway. On hearing the crossing had been abandoned, James, in what Willsoncalls "the one romantic episode of his life",[31] sailed from Leith with a three-hundred-strong retinue to fetch Anne personally.[32] The couple were marriedformally at the Old Bishop's Palace in Oslo on 23 November and, after stays at Elsinore and Copenhagen, returned to Scotland in May 1590. By allaccounts, James was at first infatuated with Anne, and in the early years of their marriage seems always to have showed her patience and affection.[33]But between 1593 and 1595, James was romantically linked with Anne Murray, later Lady Glamis, whom he addressed in verse as "my mistress and mylove". The royal couple produced three surviving children: Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, who was to die, probably of typhoid, in 1612, aged 18;Elizabeth, later Queen of Bohemia; and Charles, the future King Charles I of England. Anne died before her husband in March 1619.

[edit] Theory of monarchyIn 1597–1598, James wrote two works, The Trew Law of Free Monarchies and Basilikon Doron (Royal Gift), in which he established an ideological base formonarchy. In the Trew Law, he sets out the divine right of kings, explaining that for Biblical reasons kings are higher beings than other men, though "thehighest bench is the sliddriest to sit upon".[34] The document proposes an absolutist theory of monarchy, by which a king may impose new laws by royal


prerogative but must also pay heed to tradition and to God, who would "stirre up such scourges as pleaseth him, for punishment of wicked kings".[35]Basilikon Doron, written as a book of instruction for the four-year-old Prince Henry, provides a more practical guide to kingship.[36] Despite banalities andsanctimonious advice,[37] the work is well-written, perhaps the best example of James's prose.[38] James's advice concerning parliaments, which heunderstood as merely the king's "head court", foreshadows his difficulties with the English Commons: "Hold no Parliaments," he tells Henry, "but for thenecesitie of new Lawes, which would be but seldome".[39] In the Trew Law James states that the king owns his realm as a feudal lord owns his fief,because:

"[Kings arose] before any estates or ranks of men, before any parliaments were holden, or laws made, and by them was the land distributed, which at firstwas wholly theirs. And so it follows of necessity that kings were the authors and makers of the laws, and not the laws of the kings."[40]

[edit] English throne

[edit] Proclaimed King of EnglandMain article: Union of the CrownsScottish and English RoyaltyHouse of Stuart

James VI & I Henry, Prince of Wales Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia Charles I Robert, Duke of KintyreFrom 1601, in the last years of Elizabeth I's life, certain English politicians, notably her chief minister Sir Robert Cecil,[41] maintained a secretcorrespondence with James in order to prepare in advance for a smooth succession. In March 1603, with the Queen clearly dying, Cecil sent James a draftproclamation of his accession to the English throne. Elizabeth died in the early hours of 24 March, and James was proclaimed king in London later the sameday.[42] As James headed south, his new subjects flocked to see him, relieved that the succession had triggered neither unrest nor invasion.[43] When heentered London, he was mobbed.[44] James's English coronation took place on 25 July, with elaborate allegories provided by dramatic poets such asThomas Dekker and Ben Jonson, though an outbreak of the plague restricted festivities.[45]

[edit] Early reign in EnglandDespite the smoothness of the succession and the warmth of his welcome, James survived two conspiracies in the first year of his reign, the Bye Plot andMain Plot, which led to the arrest, among others, of Lord Cobham and Sir Walter Raleigh.[46] Those hoping for governmental change from James were atfirst disappointed when he maintained Elizabeth's Privy Councillors in office, as secretly planned with Cecil,[46] but James shortly added long-time supporterHenry Howard and his nephew Thomas Howard to the Privy Council, as well as five Scottish nobles.[47] In the early years of James's reign, the day-to-dayrunning of the government was tightly managed by the shrewd Robert Cecil, later Earl of Salisbury, ably assisted by the experienced Thomas Egerton,whom James made Baron Ellesmere and Lord Chancellor, and by Thomas Sackville, soon Earl of Dorset, who continued as Lord Treasurer.[46] As aconsequence, James was free to concentrate on the bigger policies, such as a scheme for a closer union between England and Scotland and matters offoreign-policy, as well as to enjoy his leisure pursuits, particularly the hunt.[46]

Portrait of James by Nicholas Hilliard, from the period 1603–09James was ambitious to build on the personal union of the crowns of Scotland and Englandto establish a permanent Union of the Crowns under one monarch, one parliament and one law, a plan which met opposition in both countries.[48] "Hath Henot made us all in one island," James told the English parliament, "compassed with one sea and of itself by nature indivisible?" In April 1604, however, theCommons refused on legal grounds his request to be titled "King of Great Britain".[49] In October 1604, he assumed the title "King of Great Britain" byproclamation rather than statute, though Sir Francis Bacon told him he could not use the style in "any legal proceeding, instrument or assurance".[50]

In foreign policy, James achieved more success. Never having been at war with Spain, he devoted his efforts to bringing the long Anglo–Spanish War to anend, and in August 1604, thanks to skilled diplomacy on the part of Robert Cecil and Henry Howard, now Earl of Northampton, a peace treaty was signedbetween the countries, which James celebrated by hosting a great banquet.[51] Freedom of worship for Catholics in England continued, however, to be amajor objective of Spanish policy, causing constant dilemmas for James, distrusted abroad for repression of Catholics while at home being encouraged bythe privy council to show even less tolerance towards them.[52]

The 1613 letter of King James I remitted to Tokugawa Ieyasu (Preserved in the Tokyo University archives).Under King James I, expansion of Englishinternational trade and influence was actively pursued through the East India Company. An English settlement was already established in Bantam,Indonesia, and in 1613, following an invitation by the English adventurer in Japan William Adams, the English captain John Saris arrived at Hirado in the shipClove with the intent of establishing a trading factory. Adams and Saris travelled to Shizuoka where they met with Tokugawa Ieyasu at his principalresidence in September before moving on to Edo where they met Ieyasu's son Hidetada. During that meeting, Hidetada gave Saris two varnished suits ofarmor for King James I, today housed in the Tower of London.[53]. On their way back, they visited again Tokugawa, who conferred trading privileges to theEnglish through a Red Seal permit giving them "free license to abide, buy, sell and barter" in Japan.[54] The English party headed back to Hirado onOctober 9, 1613. However, during the ten year activity of the company between 1613 and 1623, apart from the first ship (the Clove in 1613), only threeother English ships brought cargoes directly from London to Japan.

[edit] Gunpowder plotMain article: Gunpowder PlotOn the eve of the state opening of the second session of James's first Parliament on 5 November 1605, a soldier named Guy Fawkes was discovered inthe cellars of the parliament buildings guarding a pile of wood, not far from 36 barrels of gunpowder with which he intended to blow up Parliament Housethe following day and cause the destruction, as James put it, "not only...of my person, nor of my wife and posterity also, but of the whole body of the State ingeneral".[55] The sensational discovery of the Catholic Gunpowder Plot, as it quickly became known, aroused a mood of national relief at the delivery of the


king and his sons which Salisbury exploited to extract higher subsidies from the ensuing Parliament than any but one granted to Elizabeth.[56]

[edit] King and ParliamentMain article: James I of England and the English ParliamentThe moment of co-operation between monarch and Parliament following the Gunpowder plot represented a deviation from the norm. Instead, it was theprevious session of 1604 that shaped the attitudes of both sides for the rest of the reign, though the initial difficulties owed more to mutual incomprehensionthan conscious enmity.[57] On 7 July 1604, James had angrily prorogued Parliament after failing to win its support either for full union of the crowns orfinancial subsidies. "I will not thank where I feel no thanks due," he had remarked in his closing speech. "...I am not of such a stock as to praise fools...Yousee how many things you did not well...I wish you would make use of your tolet liberty with more modesty in time to come".[58]

As James's reign progressed, his government faced growing financial pressures, due partly to creeping inflation[59] but also to the profligacy and financialincompetence of James's court. In February 1610 Salisbury, a believer in parliamentary participation in government,[60] proposed a scheme, known as theGreat Contract, whereby Parliament, in return for ten royal concessions, would grant a lump sum of £600,000 to pay off the king's debts plus an annualgrant of £200,000.[61] The ensuing prickly negotiations became so protracted that James eventually lost patience and dismissed Parliament on 31December 1610. "Your greatest error," he told Salisbury, "hath been that ye ever expected to draw honey out of gall".[62] The same pattern was repeatedwith the so-called "Addled Parliament" of 1614, which James dissolved after a mere eight weeks when Commons hesitated to grant him the money herequired.[63] James then ruled without parliament until 1621, employing officials such as the businessman Lionel Cranfield, who were astute at raising andsaving money for the crown, and sold earldoms and other dignities, many created for the purpose, as an alternative source of income.[64]

[edit] Spanish matchMain article: Spanish Match

Portrait of James by John de Critz, c. 1606Another potential source of income was the prospect of a Spanish dowry from a marriage between Charles,Prince of Wales, and the Spanish Infanta, Maria.[65] The policy of the Spanish Match, as it was called, also attracted James as a way to maintain peacewith Spain and avoid the additional costs of a war.[66] The peace benefits of the policy could be maintained as effectively by keeping the negotiations aliveas by consummating the match—which may explain why James protracted the negotiations for almost a decade.[67] Supported by the Howards and otherCatholic-leaning ministers and diplomats—together known as the Spanish Party—the policy was deeply distrusted in Protestant England.

The outbreak of the Thirty Years War, however, jeopardized James's peace policy, especially after his son-in-law, Frederick V, Elector Palatine, was oustedfrom Bohemia by Emperor Ferdinand II in 1620, and Spanish troops simultaneously invaded Frederick's Rhineland home territory. Matters came to a headwhen James finally called a parliament in 1621 to fund a military expedition in support of his son-in-law.[68] The Commons on the one hand grantedsubsidies inadequate to finance serious military operations in aid of Frederick,[69] and on the other—remembering the profits gained under Elizabeth bynaval attacks on gold shipments from the New World—called for a war directly against Spain. In November 1621, led by Sir Edward Coke, they framed apetition asking not only for war with Spain but also for Prince Charles to marry a Protestant, and for enforcement of the anti-Catholic laws.[70] James flatlytold them not to interfere in matters of royal prerogative or they would risk punishment,[71] which provoked them into issuing a statement protesting theirrights, including freedom of speech.[72] James ripped the protest out of the record book and dissolved Parliament once again.[73]

In 1623, Prince Charles, now 23, and Buckingham decided to seize the initiative and travel to Spain incognito,[74] to win the Infanta directly, but the missionproved a desperate mistake.[75] The Infanta detested Charles, and the Spanish confronted them with terms that included his conversion to Catholicism anda one-year stay in Spain as, in essence, a diplomatic hostage. The prince and duke returned to England in October without the Infanta and immediatelyrenounced the treaty, much to the delight of the British people.[76] Their eyes opened by the visit to Spain, Charles and Buckingham now turned James’sSpanish policy upon its head and called for a French match and a war against the Habsburg empire.[77] To raise the necessary finance, they prevailedupon James to call another Parliament, which met in February 1623. For once, the outpouring of anti-Catholic sentiment in the Commons was echoed incourt, where control of policy was shifting from James to Charles and Buckingham,[78] who pressured the king to declare war and engineered theimpeachment of the Lord Treasurer, Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex, when he opposed the plan on grounds of cost.[79] The outcome of theParliament of 1624 was ambiguous: James still refused to declare war, but Charles believed the Commons had committed themselves to financing a waragainst Spain, a stance which was to contribute to his problems with Parliament in his own reign.[80]

[edit] Religious challengesMain article: James I of England and religious issues

James in a portrait by Paul van Somer I, c. 1620. In the background is the Banqueting House, Whitehall by architect Inigo Jones (1573-1652) which wascommissioned by James.The Gunpowder Plot reinforced James's oppression of non-conforming English Catholics; and he sanctioned harsh measures forcontrolling them. In May 1606, Parliament passed an act which would require every citizen to take an Oath of Allegiance, incorporating a denial of thePope's authority over the king.[81] James was conciliatory towards Catholics who took the Oath of Allegiance,[82] and he tolerated crypto-Catholicism evenat court.[83] However, in practice he enacted even harsher measures against Catholics than were laid upon them by Elizabeth. Towards the Puritan clergy,with whom he debated at the Hampton Court Conference of 1604,[84] James was at first strict in enforcing conformity, inducing a sense of persecutionamongst many Puritans;[85] but ejections and suspensions from livings became fewer as the reign wore on. A notable success of the Hampton CourtConference was the commissioning of a new translation and compilation of approved books of the Bible to confirm the divine right of kings to rule and tomaintain the social hierarchy, completed in 1611, which became known as the King James Bible, considered a masterpiece of Jacobean prose.[86]

In Scotland, James attempted to bring the Scottish kirk "so neir as can be" to the English church and reestablish the episcopacy, a policy which met withstrong opposition.[87] In 1618, James's bishops forced his Five Articles of Perth through a General Assembly; but the rulings were widely resisted.[88]James was to leave the church in Scotland divided at his death, a source of future problems for his son.[89]

[edit] FavouritesSee also: Thomas Overbury and George Villiers, 1st Duke of BuckinghamSalisbury died in 1612, little mourned by those who jostled to fill the power vacuum.[90] Until Salisbury's death, the Elizabethan administrative system over


which he had presided continued to function with relative efficiency; from this time forward, however, James's government entered a period of decline anddisrepute.[91] Salisbury's passing gave James the notion of governing in person as his own chief Minister of State, with his young Scottish favourite, RobertCarr, Viscount Rochester, carrying out many of Salisbury's former duties, but James's inability to attend closely to official business exposed the governmentto factionalism.[92]

George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham (1592-1628), by Peter Paul Rubens, 1625The Howard party, consisting of Northampton, Suffolk, Suffolk's son-in-law Lord Knollys, and Charles Howard, Earl of Nottingham, along with Sir Thomas Lake, soon took control of much of the government and its patronage.Even the powerful Carr, hardly experienced for the responsibilities thrust upon him and often dependent on his intimate friend Sir Thomas Overbury forassistance with government papers,[93] fell into the Howard camp, after beginning an affair with the married Frances Howard, Countess of Essex, daughterof the earl of Suffolk, whom James assisted in securing an annulment of her marriage to free her to marry Carr.[94] In summer 1615, however, it emergedthat Sir Thomas Overbury, who on 14 September 1613 had died in the Tower of London, where he had been placed at the king's request,[95] had beenpoisoned.[96] Among those convicted of the murder were Frances Howard and Robert Carr, the latter having been replaced as the king's favourite in themeantime by a young man called George Villiers. The implication of the king in such a scandal provoked much public and literary conjecture and irreparablytarnished James's court with an image of corruption and depravity.[97] The subsequent downfall of the Howards left George Villiers, now earl ofBuckingham, unchallenged as the supreme figure in the government by 1618.[98]

[edit] Personal relationshipsMain article: Personal relationships of James I of EnglandThroughout his life James had love affairs with male courtiers, in particular Esmé Stewart, 6th Lord d'Aubigny (later 1st Duke of Lennox); Robert Carr, 1stEarl of Somerset; and George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham. In his own time he was notorious for his male loves, and it was said of him that Elizabethwas King, now James is Queen (Rex fuit Elizabeth, nunc est regina Jacobus).[99] Some modern historians disagree: "The evidence of his correspondenceand contemporary accounts have led some historians to conclude that the king was homosexual or bisexual. In fact, the issue is murky." (Bucholz,2004)[100] In Basilikon Doron, James lists sodomy among crimes "ye are bound in conscience never to forgive". At age 23, James and 300 of his menperformed a dramatic rescue of Anne of Denmark when she was stranded on the coast of Norway. They married and she gave birth to seven children,some sources say nine children, only three of whom survived. James also had a documented two year affair with Anne Murray, later with Lady Glamis, towhom he wrote poetry.

Moreover, restoration of Apethorpe Hall, undertaken 2004-2008, revealed a previously unknown passage linking the bedchambers of James and hisfavourite, George Villiers.[101]

James I wore the insignia of the Order of the Garter for this portrait by Daniel Mytens in 1621.[edit] Final yearDuring the last year of James's life, with Buckingham consolidating his control of Charles to ensure his own future, the king was often seriously ill, leavinghim an increasingly peripheral figure, rarely able to visit London.[102] In early 1625, James was plagued by severe attacks of arthritis, gout and fainting fits,and in March fell seriously ill with tertian ague and then suffered a stroke. James finally died at Theobalds House on 27 March during a violent attack ofdysentery, with Buckingham at his bedside.[103] James’s funeral, a magnificent but disorderly affair, took place on 7 May. Bishop John Williams of Lincolnpreached the sermon, observing, "King Solomon died in Peace, when he had lived about sixty years...and so you know did King James".[104]

[edit] LegacyThe king was widely mourned. For all his flaws, James had never completely lost the affection of his people, who had enjoyed uninterrupted peace andcomparatively low taxation during the Jacobean Era. "As he lived in peace," remarked the Earl of Kellie, "so did he die in peace, and I pray God our king[Charles] may follow him".[105] The earl prayed in vain: once in power, Charles and Buckingham sanctioned a series of reckless military expeditions thatended in humiliating failure.[106] James bequeathed Charles a fatal belief in the divine right of kings, combined with a disdain for Parliament, whichculminated in the English Civil War and the execution of Charles. James had often neglected the business of government for leisure pastimes, such as thehunt; and his later dependence on male favourites at a scandal-ridden court undermined the respected image of monarchy so carefully constructed byElizab

Note CitationsDespite Mary I of England's plans, which were intended to prevent the Stuart line from gaining the thrown of England, James would not only become JamesVI of Scotland, but also James I of England when he acceded the throne 25 Jul 1603, upon the death of Queen Elizabeth I, of England in 1603, as QueenElizabeth never married

Children Henry Frederick Stuart b: 19 FEB 1594 in Stirling Castle, Scotland 'Elizabeth Stuart b: 19 AUG 1596 in Dunfermline, Scotland Margaret Stuart b: 24 DEC 1598 in Dalkeith Palace, Scotland Charles Stuart I King of England b: 19 NOV 1600 in Dunfermline Palace, Fife, Scotland Robert Stuart b: 18 JAN 1602 in Dunfermline, Scotland Mary Stuart b: 06 APR 1605 in London, London, England Sophia Stuart b: 22 JUN 1606 in London, London, England

Notes on Charles, I Stuart, King of England, Scotland, and IrelandCharles I of EnglandFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchCharles I

Portrait by Anthony van Dyck, 1636


King of England and Ireland (more...)Reign 27 March 1625 – 30 January 1649Coronation 2 February 1626Predecessor James ISuccessor Charles II (de jure)Council of State (de facto)King of Scots (more...)Reign 27 March 1625 – 30 January 1649Coronation 8 June 1633Predecessor James VISuccessor Charles II

Consort Henrietta Maria of FranceIssueCharles IIMary, Princess Royal and Princess of OrangeJames II & VIIPrincess ElizabethPrincess AnnePrince Henry, Duke of GloucesterHenrietta, Duchess of OrléansHouse House of StuartFather James VI & IMother Anne of DenmarkBorn 19 November 1600(1600-11-19)Dunfermline, ScotlandDied 30 January 1649 (aged 48)Whitehall, EnglandBurial 7 February 1649Windsor, EnglandCharles I, (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649), the second son of James VI and I, was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March, 1625 untilhis execution on 30 January, 1649.[1] Charles famously engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England. He was an advocate of the DivineRight of Kings,[2] which was the belief that kings received their power from God and thus could not be deposed (unlike the similar Mandate of Heaven).Many of his English subjects feared that he was attempting to gain absolute power. Many of his actions, particularly the levying of taxes without Parliament'sconsent, caused widespread opposition.[3]

Religious conflicts permeated Charles' reign. He married a Catholic princess, Henrietta Maria of France, over the objections of Parliament and publicopinion.[4][5] He further allied himself with controversial religious figures, including the ecclesiastic Richard Montagu and William Laud, whom Charlesappointed Archbishop of Canterbury. Many of Charles's subjects felt this brought the Church of England too close to Roman Catholicism. Charles's laterattempts to force religious reforms upon Scotland led to the Bishops' Wars that weakened England's government and helped precipitate his downfall.

His last years were marked by the English Civil War, in which he fought the forces of the English and Scottish Parliaments, which challenged his attempts toaugment his own power, and the Puritans, who were hostile to his religious policies and supposed Catholic sympathies. Charles was defeated in the FirstCivil War (1642–45), after which Parliament expected him to accept its demands for a constitutional monarchy. He instead remained defiant by attemptingto forge an alliance with Scotland and escaping to the Isle of Wight. This provoked the Second Civil War (1648–49) and a second defeat for Charles, whowas subsequently captured, tried, convicted, and executed for high treason. The monarchy was then abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth ofEngland, also referred to as the Cromwellian Interregnum, was declared. Charles's son, Charles II, became king after the restoration of the monarchy in1660.[3] In that same year, Charles I was canonized by the Church of England.[6]

Contents [hide]1 Early life2 Early reign3 Personal Rule3.1 Economic problems4 Religious conflicts5 "Short" and "Long" Parliaments6 English Civil War7 Trial8 Execution9 Legacy10 Sainthood11 Assessments12 Titles, styles, honours and arms12.1 Titles and styles12.2 Honours12.3 Arms13 Ancestry14 Marriage and issue15 See also16 References17 Further reading18 External links


18.1 Books about Charles I available online

[edit] Early lifeThe second son of James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark, Charles was born in Dunfermline, Fife, on 19 November, 1600,[3][7] and, until the age ofthree, was unable to walk or talk. His paternal grandmother was Mary, Queen of Scots, who had been beheaded by order of Elizabeth I of England on 8February, 1587.

When Elizabeth died in March 1603 and James VI of Scotland became King of England as James I, Charles was originally left in Scotland in the care ofnurses and servants because it was feared that the journey would damage his fragile health.[8] He did make the journey in July 1604 and was subsequentlyplaced under the charge of Alletta (Hogenhove) Carey, the Dutch-born wife of courtier Sir Robert Carey, who taught him how to walk and talk and insistedthat he wear boots made of Spanish leather and brass to help strengthen his weak ankles. When Charles was an adult, he was 5 feet 3 inches (162 cm)tall.

Charles as Duke of York and Albany, c. 1611Charles was not as valued as his elder brother, Henry, Prince of Wales; Charles himself adored Henry andtried to emulate him. In 1603, Charles was created Duke of Albany, with the subsidiary titles Marquess of Ormond, Earl of Ross and Lord Ardmannoch thesixth, in Scotland. Two years later, Charles was created Duke of York, as was then, and remains, customary in the case of the Sovereign's second son.

When his elder brother died of typhoid at the age of 18 in 1612, two weeks before Charles's 12th birthday, Charles became heir apparent (and the eldestliving son of the sovereign, thus automatically gaining several titles including Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay) and was subsequently created thePrince of Wales and Earl of Chester in November 1616. His sister Elizabeth married Frederick V, Elector Palatine in 1613 and moved to Heidelberg.

Charles as Prince of Wales by Isaac Oliver, 1615.The new Prince of Wales was greatly influenced by his father's favourite, George Villiers, 1st Duke ofBuckingham.[9] The two of them travelled incognito to Spain in 1623 to try to reach agreement on the long-pending Spanish Match between Charles andInfanta Maria Anna of Spain, the daughter of King Philip III of Spain. The trip ended badly, however, as the Spanish demanded that Charles convert toRoman Catholicism and remain in Spain for a year after the wedding as a sort of hostage to ensure England's compliance with all the terms of the treaty.Charles was outraged, and upon their return in October, he and Buckingham demanded that King James declare war on Spain.

With the encouragement of his Protestant advisers, James summoned Parliament so that he could request subsidies for a war. James also requested thatParliament sanction the marriage between the Prince of Wales and Princess Henrietta Maria of France, whom Charles had met in Paris while en route toSpain. It was a good match since she was a sister of Louis XIII (their father, Henry IV, had died during her childhood). Parliament agreed to the marriage,but was extremely critical of the prior attempt to arrange a marital alliance with Spain. James was growing senile and as a result was finding it extremelydifficult to control Parliament—the same problem would later haunt Charles during his reign. During the last year of James's reign, actual power was heldnot by him but by Charles and the Duke of Buckingham.

Scottish and English RoyaltyHouse of Stuart

Charles I Charles II James II & VII Henry, Duke of Gloucester Mary, Princess Royal Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans ElizabethBoth Charles and James were advocates of the Divine Right of Kings, but James listened to the views of his subjects and favoured compromise andconsensus. Charles I was shy and diffident, but also self-righteous, stubborn, opinionated, determined and confrontational. Charles believed he had no needto compromise or even explain his rules and that he was answerable only to God. He famously said: "Kings are not bound to give an account of their actionsbut to God alone".[10][11] "I mean to show what I should speak in actions." Those actions were open to misinterpretation, and there were fears as early as1626 that he was a potential tyrant.

[edit] Early reignOn 11 May, 1625, Charles was married by proxy to Henrietta Maria, nine years his junior. In his first Parliament, which he opened in May, many memberswere opposed to his marriage to Henrietta Maria, a Roman Catholic, fearing that Charles would lift restrictions on Roman Catholics and undermine theofficial establishment of Protestantism. Although he stated to Parliament that he would not relax restrictions relating to recusants, he promised to do exactlythat in a secret marriage treaty with Louis XIII. The couple were married in person on 13, June 1625 in Canterbury. Charles was crowned on 2 February,1626 at Westminster Abbey, but without his wife at his side due to the controversy. Charles and Henrietta had seven children, with three sons and threedaughters surviving infancy.[12]

Sir Anthony Van Dyck: Charles I painted in April 1634Distrust of Charles's religious policies increased with his support of a controversial ecclesiastic,Richard Montagu. In a pamphlet, Montagu had argued against the teachings of John Calvin, thereby bringing himself into disrepute amongst the Puritans.After a Puritan member of the House of Commons, John Pym, attacked Montagu's pamphlet during debate, Montagu requested the king's aid in anotherpamphlet entitled "Appello Caesarem" (Latin "I appeal to Caesar", a reference to an appeal against Jewish persecution made by Saint Paul theApostle).[13] Charles made the cleric one of his royal chaplains, increasing many Puritans' suspicions as to where Charles would lead the Church.

Charles's primary concern during his early reign was foreign policy. The Thirty Years' War, originally confined to Bohemia, was spiralling out of control into awider war between Protestants and Catholics in Europe. In 1620, Frederick V, Elector Palatine, the husband of Charles's sister Elizabeth, had lost his


hereditary lands in the Palatinate to the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II. Having agreed to help his brother-in-law regain the Palatinate, Charles declaredwar on Spain, hoping to force the Catholic Spanish King Philip IV to intercede with the Emperor on Frederick's behalf.

Parliament preferred an inexpensive naval attack on Spanish colonies in the New World, hoping that the capture of the Spanish treasure fleets could financethe war. Charles, however, preferred more aggressive (and more expensive) action on the Continent. Parliament only voted to grant a subsidy of £140,000;an insufficient sum for Charles. Moreover, the House of Commons limited its authorization for royal collection of tonnage and poundage (two varieties ofcustoms duties) to a period of one year, although previous sovereigns since 1414 had been granted the right for life. In this manner, Parliament could keepa check on expenditures by forcing Charles to seek the renewal of the grant each year. Charles's allies in the House of Lords, led by the Duke ofBuckingham, refused to pass the bill. Although no Parliamentary authority for the levy of tonnage and poundage was obtained, Charles continued to collectthe duties anyway.

The war with Spain went badly, largely due to Buckingham's incompetent leadership. Despite Parliament's protests, however, Charles refused to dismisshim, dismissing Parliament instead. He then provoked further unrest by trying to raise money for the war through a "forced loan" -- a tax levied withoutParliamentary consent. Although partially successful in collecting the tax, Charles let the money dribble away in yet another military fiasco led byBuckingham. Summoned again in 1628, Parliament adopted a Petition of Right on 26 May, calling upon the king to acknowledge that he could not levytaxes without Parliament's consent, impose martial law on civilians, imprison them without due process, or quarter troops in their homes. Charles assentedto the petition, though he continued to claim the right to collect customs duties without authorization from Parliament. Then, on 23 August, 1628,Buckingham was assassinated. Although the death of Buckingham effectively ended the war and eliminated his leadership as an issue, it did not end theconflicts between Charles and Parliament over taxation and religious matters.[14]

[edit] Personal Rule

"Charles I, King of England, from Three Angles", the "Triple Portrait".In January 1629, Charles opened the second session of the Parliament, which hadbeen prorogued in June 1628, with a moderate speech on the tonnage and poundage issue. Members of the House of Commons began to voice theiropposition in light of the Rolle case. Rolle was an MP whose goods were confiscated when he failed to pay tonnage and poundage. Many MPs viewed theconfiscation as a breach of the Petition of Right,[15] arguing that the petition's freedom-from-arrest privilege extended to goods. When Charles ordered aparliamentary adjournment in March, members held the Speaker, Sir John Finch, down in his chair whilst three resolutions against Charles were read aloud.The last of these resolutions declared that anyone who paid tonnage or poundage not authorised by Parliament would "be reputed a betrayer of the libertiesof England, and an enemy to the same". Though the resolution was not formally passed, many members declared their approval. That a number of MPshad to be detained in Parliament is relevant in understanding that there was no universal opposition towards the King. Nevertheless, the provocation was toomuch for Charles, who dissolved parliament the same day.[16][17] Immediately, he made peace with France and Spain. The following eleven years, duringwhich Charles ruled without a Parliament, are referred to as the Personal Rule or the Eleven Years' Tyranny. (Ruling without Parliament, though anexceptional exercise of the royal prerogative, was supported by precedent. By the middle of the 17th century, opinion shifted, and many held the PersonalRule to be an illegitimate exercise of arbitrary, absolute power.)

[edit] Economic problemsAfter making peace, Charles still had to acquire funds in order to maintain his treasury. To raise revenue without reconvening Parliament, Charles firstresurrected an all-but-forgotten law called the "Distraint of Knighthood," promulgated in 1279, which required anyone who earned £40 or more each year topresent himself at the King's coronation to join the royal army as a knight. Relying on this old statute, Charles fined all individuals who had failed to attend hiscoronation in 1626.

Later, Charles reintroduced an obsolete feudal tax known as ship money, which proved even more unpopular. Under statutes of Edward I and Edward III,collection of ship money had been authorized only during wars. Charles, however, sought to collect the tax during peacetime. Although the first writ levyingship money, issued in 1634, did not provoke much immediate opposition, the second and third writs, issued in 1635 and 1636, aroused strong opposition, asit was clear that Charles' intention was to revoke the ancient prohibition on collecting ship money during peacetime. Many attempted to resist payment, butthe royal courts declared that the tax was within the King's prerogative. The collection was a major concern to the ruling class.

Personal Rule ended after the attempted enforcement of the Anglican and increasingly Arminian styled prayer book under Laud that precipitated a rebellionin Scotland in 1640.[18]

[edit] Religious conflictsCharles wished to move the Church of England away from Calvinism in a more traditional and sacramental direction.[19] This goal was shared by his mainpolitical adviser, Archbishop William Laud. Laud was appointed by Charles as the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633,[20][21] and started a series ofunpopular reforms in an attempt to impose order and authority on the church. Laud attempted to ensure religious uniformity by dismissing non-conformistclergymen and closing Puritan organizations. This was actively hostile to the Reformed tendencies of many of his king's English and Scottish subjects. Hispolicy was obnoxious to Calvinist theology, and insisted that the Church of England's liturgy be celebrated using the form prescribed in the Book of CommonPrayer. Laud was also an advocate of Arminian theology, a view whose emphasis on the ability to reject salvation was viewed as heretical and virtually"Catholic" by strict Calvinists.

William Laud shared Charles's views on CalvinismTo punish those who refused to accept his reforms, Laud used the two most feared and most arbitrarycourts in the land, the Court of High Commission and the Court of Star Chamber. The former could compel individuals to provide self-incriminatingtestimony, whilst the latter could inflict any punishment whatsoever (including torture), with the sole exception of death.

The lawlessness of the Court of Star Chamber under Charles far exceeded that under any of his predecessors. Under Charles's reign, defendants wereregularly hauled before the Court without indictment, due process of the law, or right to confront witnesses, and their testimonies were routinely extracted bythe Court through torture.

The first years of the Personal Rule were marked by peace in England, to some extent due to tighter central control. Several individuals opposed Charles's


taxes and Laud's policies. For example, in 1634, the ship Griffin left for America carrying religious dissidents, such as the Puritan minister Anne Hutchinson.However, the overall trend of the early Personal Rule period is one of peace. However, when Charles attempted to impose his religious policies in Scotlandhe faced numerous difficulties. The King ordered the use of a new Prayer Book modelled on the English Book of Common Prayer, which, althoughsupported by the Scottish Bishops, was resisted by many Presbyterian Scots, who saw the new Prayer Book as a vehicle for introducing Anglicanism toScotland. When the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland abolished Episcopalian government (that is, governance of the Church by bishops) in1638, replacing it with Presbyterian government (that is, governance by elders and deacons), Charles sought to put down what he saw as a rebellion againsthis authority.

In 1639, when the First Bishops' War broke out, Charles sought to collect taxes from his subjects, who refused to yield any further. Charles's war ended in ahumiliating truce in June of the same year. In the Pacification of Berwick, Charles agreed to grant his Scottish subjects civil and ecclesiastical freedoms.

Charles's military failure in the First Bishops' War in turn caused a financial and military crisis for Charles, which caused the end of Personal Rule. Due to hisfinancial weakness, Charles was forced to call Parliament into session by 1640 in an attempt to raise funds. While the ruling class's grievances with thechanges to government and finance during the Personal Rule period were a contributing factor in the Scottish Rebellion, the key issue of religion was themain reason that forced Charles to confront the ruling class in Parliament for the first time in eleven years. In essence, it was Charles's and Laud'sconfrontational religious modifications that ended what the Whig historians refer to as "The Eleven Years of Tyranny".

[edit] "Short" and "Long" ParliamentsDisputes regarding the interpretation of the peace treaty between Charles and the Church of Scotland led to further conflict. To subdue the Scots, Charlesneeded more money; therefore, he took the fateful step of recalling Parliament in April 1640. Although Charles offered to repeal ship money, and the Houseof Commons agreed to allow Charles to raise the funds for war, an impasse was reached when Parliament demanded the discussion of various abuses ofpower during the Personal Rule. As both sides refused to give ground on this matter, Parliament was dissolved in May 1640, less than a month after itassembled; thus, the Parliament became known as the "Short Parliament."[22]

Portrait of Charles I with Seignior de St AntoineIn the meantime, Charles attempted to defeat the Scots, but failed miserably. The humiliating Treaty ofRipon, signed after the end of the Second Bishops' War in October 1640, required the King to pay the expenses of the Scottish army he had just fought.Charles took the unusual step of summoning the magnum concilium, the ancient council of all the Peers of the Realm, who were considered the King'shereditary counsellors. The magnum concilium had not been summoned for centuries. On the advice of the peers, Charles summoned another Parliament,which, in contrast with its predecessor, became known as the Long Parliament.

The Long Parliament assembled in November 1640 under the leadership of John Pym, and proved just as difficult for Charles as the Short Parliament.Although the members of the House of Commons thought of themselves as conservatives defending the King, Church and Parliamentary governmentagainst innovations in religion and the tyranny of Charles's advisors, Charles viewed many of them as dangerous rebels trying to undermine his rule.

To prevent the King from dissolving it at will, Parliament passed the Triennial Act, to which the Royal Assent was granted in February 1641. The Actrequired that Parliament was to be summoned at least once every three years, and that when the King failed to issue proper summons, the members couldassemble on their own. In May, he assented to an even more far-reaching Act, which provided that Parliament could not be dissolved without its ownconsent. Charles was forced into one concession after another. He agreed to bills of attainder authorising the executions of Thomas Wentworth and WilliamLaud. Ship money, fines in destraint of knighthood and forced loans were declared unlawful, and the hated Courts of Star Chamber and High Commissionwere abolished. Although he made several important concessions, Charles improved his own military position by securing the favour of the Scots. He finallyagreed to the official establishment of Presbyterianism; in return, he was able to enlist considerable anti-parliamentary support.

Henrietta Maria (c. 1633) by Sir Anthony van DyckIn November 1641, the House of Commons passed the Grand Remonstrance, a long list of grievancesagainst actions by Charles's ministers that were asserted to be abuses of royal power Charles had committed since the beginning of his reign. The tensionwas heightened when the Irish rebelled against Protestant English rule and rumours of Charles's complicity reached Parliament. An army was required toput down the rebellion but many members of the House of Commons feared that Charles might later use it against Parliament itself. The Militia Bill wasintended to wrest control of the army from the King, but Charles refused to agree to it. However, Parliament decreed The Protestation as an attempt tolessen the conflict.

When rumours reached Charles that Parliament intended to impeach his Catholic Queen, Henrietta Maria, he took drastic action. It was possibly Henriettawho persuaded him to arrest the five members of the House of Commons who were perceived to be the most troublesome on charges of high treason.Charles intended to carry out the arrests personally but news of the warrant reached Parliament ahead of him and the wanted men; Pym, John Hampden,Denzil Holles, William Strode and Sir Arthur Haselrig had already slipped away by the time he arrived. Charles entered the House of Commons with anarmed force on 4 January 1642, but found that his opponents had already escaped. Having displaced the Speaker, William Lenthall from his chair, the Kingasked him where the MPs had fled. Lenthall famously replied, "May it please your Majesty, I have neither eyes to see nor tongue to speak in this place butas the House is pleased to direct me, whose servant I am here."[23] No monarch has entered the Commons chamber since.

The botched arrest attempt was politically disastrous for Charles. It caused acute embarrassment for the monarch and essentially triggered the totalbreakdown of government in England. Afterwards, Charles could no longer feel safe in London and he began travelling north to raise an army againstParliament; the Queen, at the same time, went abroad to raise money to pay for it.

[edit] English Civil WarMain article: English Civil WarThe English Civil War had not yet started, but both sides began to arm. Following futile negotiations, Charles raised the royal standard (an anachronisticmedieval gesture) in Nottingham on 22 August 1642. He then set up his court at Oxford, when his government controlled roughly the Midlands, Wales, theWest Country and north of England. Parliament remained in control of London and the south-east as well as East Anglia. Charles raised an army using thearchaic method of the Commission of Array. The Civil War started on 26 October 1642 with the inconclusive Battle of Edgehill and continued indecisivelythrough 1643 and 1644, until the Battle of Naseby tipped the military balance decisively in favour of Parliament. There followed a great number of defeats


for the Royalists, and then the Siege of Oxford, from which Charles escaped in April 1646.[24] He put himself into the hands of the Scottish Presbyterianarmy at Newark, and was taken to nearby Southwell while his "hosts" decided what to do with him. The Presbyterians finally arrived at an agreement withParliament and delivered Charles to them in 1647. He was imprisoned at Holdenby House in Northamptonshire, until cornet George Joyce took him byforce to Newmarket in the name of the New Model Army. At this time mutual suspicion had developed between the New Model Army and Parliament, andCharles was eager to exploit it.

He was then transferred first to Oatlands and then to Hampton Court, where more involved but fruitless negotiations took place. He was persuaded that itwould be in his best interests to escape — perhaps abroad, to France, or to the custody of Colonel Robert Hammond, Parliamentary Governor of the Isle ofWight.[25] He decided on the last course, believing Hammond to be sympathetic, and fled on 11 November.[26] Hammond, however, was opposed toCharles, whom he confined in Carisbrooke Castle.[27]

From Carisbrooke, Charles continued to try to bargain with the various parties, eventually coming to terms with the Scottish Presbyterians that he wouldallow the establishment of Presbyterianism in England as well as Scotland for a trial period. The Royalists rose in July 1648 igniting the Second Civil War,and as agreed with Charles the Scots invaded England. Most of the uprisings in England were put down by forces loyal to Parliament after little more thanskirmishes, but uprisings in Kent, Essex and Cumberland, the rebellion in Wales and the Scottish invasion involved the fighting of pitched battles andprolonged sieges. But with the defeat of the Scots at the Battle of Preston, the Royalists lost any chance of winning the war.

[edit] TrialMain article: High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I

A plate depicting the Trial of Charles I on January 4, 1649.Charles was moved to Hurst Castle at the end of 1648, and thereafter to Windsor Castle. InJanuary 1649, in response to Charles's defiance of Parliament even after defeat, and his encouraging the second Civil War while in captivity, the House ofCommons passed an Act of Parliament creating a court for Charles's trial. After the first Civil War, the parliamentarians accepted the premise that the King,although wrong, had been able to justify his fight, and that he would still be entitled to limited powers as King under a new constitutional settlement. It wasnow felt that by provoking the second Civil War even while defeated and in captivity, Charles showed himself incorrigible, dishonourable, and responsible forunjustifiable bloodshed.

The idea of trying a king was a novel one; previous monarchs had been deposed, but had never been brought to trial as monarchs. The High Court ofJustice established by the Act consisted of 135 Commissioners but only about half of that number ever sat in judgement (all firm Parliamentarians); theprosecution was led by Solicitor General John Cooke.

His trial on charges of high treason and "other high crimes" began on 20 January 1649, but Charles refused to enter a plea, claiming that no court hadjurisdiction over a monarch.[28] He believed that his own authority to rule had been given to him by God and by the traditions and laws of England when hewas crowned and anointed, and that the power wielded by those trying him was simply that which grew out of a barrel of gunpowder. In fact, when urged toenter a plea, he stated his objection with the words: "I would know by what power I am called hither, by what lawful authority...?"[28] The court, by contrast,proposed an interpretation of the law that legitimized the trial, which was founded on

"...the fundamental proposition that the King of England was not a person, but an office whose every occupant was entrusted with a limited power to govern‘by and according to the laws of the land and not otherwise’.[29]The trial began with a moment of high drama. After the proceedings were declared open, Solicitor General John Cooke rose to announce the indictment;standing immediately to the right of the King, he began to speak, but he had uttered only a few words when Charles attempted to stop him by tapping himsharply on the shoulder with his cane and ordering him to "Hold". Cooke ignored this and continued, so Charles poked him a second time and rose to speak;despite this, Cooke continued his speech.

At this point Charles, incensed at being thus ignored, struck Cooke across the shoulder so forcefully that the ornate silver tip of the cane broke off, rolleddown Cooke's gown and clattered onto the floor between them. Charles then ordered Cooke to pick it up, but Cooke again ignored him, and afte

Note Citations

Notes on Mary Taylor1 Mary TAYLOR + Francis MARSH b: 23 OCT 1626 d: 1693 2 Francis MARSH 2 Jeremy MARSH b: 1667 d: 1734 + Elizabeth DIGBY 3 Frances MARSH 3 Jeremy MARSH Rev. b: 1712 d: 1791 + Jane FRENCH 4 Francis MARSH d: JAN 1829 + Anne VERO 5 Jeremy MARSH Rev. d: 2 NOV 1830 6 Francis MARSH b: 11 JUN 1817 6 Anne MARSH 6 Sarah MARSH 5 Digby MARSH 6 MARSH 6 MARSH 5 Anne MARSH 5 Sarah MARSH b: 1783 d: 3 APR 1872 + William NORTH Maj. b: 8 JUL 1783 d: 19 JUL 1872 6 Joseph NORTH Lt. b: 1808 d: 1 JAN 1881 + Robert Dundas BURNETT b: 1811 d: 17 NOV 1889


6 William John Edward NORTH b: 1810 6 Francis NORTH b: 1811 d: 9 DEC 1864 6 Elizabeth NORTH b: 1813 d: 26 JUN 1902 6 Roger NORTH Rev. b: 5 APR 1816 d: 19 MAR 1895 4 Robert MARSH 5 Henry MARSH Sir 6 Henry MARSH Sir d: 27 MAY 1868 4 Digby MARSH d: 1791 4 Jeremy MARSH 5 Jeremy MARSH 5 STEPHENSON MARSH 5 Digby MARSH 6 Willougby Digby MARSH Col. b: 16 SEP 1831 + Elizabeth MARSH 6 Hans St.Vincent MARSH Capt. 6 Adelaide MARSH 6 Elizabeth MARSH 6 Frances MARSH 6 Nicola MARSH 3 Francis MARSH d: 1772 3 Mary MARSH + John DIGBY 2 Barbara MARSH

Notes on Robert RutherfordI'm writing in response to Susan Nebecker's questions about Robert Rutherford of Essex County, VA. I'm a Rutherford researcher and Robert Rutherford ismy 8x's great grandfather. Robert Rutherford's baptismal records came from Jedburgh, Roxburghshire, Scotland along with his siblings. He was the son ofAdam and Janet Rutherford - Adam of the Rutherfords of Hall and Janet of the Rutherfords of Castlewood - Edgerston - Hunthill. Janet's line was noble andAdam's was a burgher family from Jedburgh.

Most Rutherfords in the USA have been getting their data from William K. Rutherford's "The Genealogical History of the Rutherford Family". However, Iwould not trust anything concerning Scottish genealogy that William and Ann Rutherford have ventured in their various editions of the Rutherford books.They drew heavily on the work of Thomas H. Cockburn-Hood in his "The Rutherfurds of that Ilk and their Cadets" published in Edinburgh at 1884.

This work has been shown to be seriously flawed and even has some out and out fabrications. Kenneth Rutherford Davis in his book "The Rutherfords inBritain: a history and guide" published by Alan Sutton Publishing of Gloucester-1987 also disclaims the use of Thomas H. Cockburn-Hood's work. KR Daviswrote to WK Rutherford guessing that Robert Rutherford might have emigrated from England. This was an unsupported guess that was made before theabove mentioned records of Adam and Janet Rutherford [and their son Robert] had been discovered. KR Davis' book has a sketch of the data on bothlines. The Castlewood and Hall lines are on pages 135 and 154.

Unfortunately, all three books have problems and contradict each other. WK Rutherford's latter editions were primarily published to correct earlier errors hetook from Thomas H. Cockburn-Hood's work. KR Davis' work also is drawn from sources available to him in England -- not in Scotland. His display of welldocumented lines, such as the Edgerston/Hunthill Rutherfords has many mistakes. Also the materials on General Griffith Rutherford have him placed in thewrong family!?

The materials below start with Robert's father Adam Rutherford.

Gary Rutherford Harding---------------

-1. [#17] Adam Rutherford of Halld. in 1648wife: Janet Rutherford of Castlewooddaughter of Robert Rutherford of Castlewood, Roxburghshire, Scotlandborn abt 1614 in Roxburghshire, Scotlandmarried abt 1635 in Roxburghshire, Scotlandsee "The Rutherfords in Britain" by Kenneth Rutherford Davischapter VII, page 135 and chapter IX, page 154

--2. James Rutherfordb. bef. 1631 Scotland [see below]

--2. Robert Rutherfordb. 1640 Jedburgh, Scotlandchristened: 6 May 1640 Jedburgh, Roxburgh, Scotlandd. after 21 Aug 1728 in Essex Co., VA.

--2. Elizabeth Rutherfordchristening: 23 Aug 1642 Jedburgh, Roxburgh, Scotland


--2. Adam Rutherfordchristening: March 10, 1644/45 Jedburgh, Roxburgh, Scotland

--2. William Rutherford of Hall

He was served heir to Adam of Hall on April 4, 1648 and had sasine of 4 1/2 acres near Jedburgh. William and his wife Jennet are buried in the nave ofJedburgh Abbey. Their inscription reads as follows: "Hier lyes William Rwtherford of The Hall who de pairted this lyfe Januari 8 1673. Here lyes JennetRwtherford of the Hall spous to Uilliam Rwtherford who depairted this lyfe November 26 1691 and of hir age 61."

children:i. Thomas Rutherfordii. Adam Rutherfordiii. Helen Rutherfordiv. Elspeth Rutherford

Adam Rutherford of Hall, Janet Rutherford his wife, and James Rutherford their son received sasine February 17, 1630/31 of one part of the lands ofCastlewood in Roxburgh County, Scotland. Sasine was granted to Adam Rutherford of Hall and Janet Rutherford his wife, March 4, 1631, of the land ofEaster Gillis and Knowe in Roxburgh County. (Roxburgh County General Register of Sasines (1), Vo. 30, folio 105, 226.)

Adam Rutherford of Hall was a maltman and Burgess of Jedburgh. He was prosperous and accommodated his kinsman, Robert Rutherfurd of Edgerston,with a loan of 200 merks. A bond for the amount was granted Adam Rutherford of Hall and Janet Rutherford his wife in 1633. A general service of WilliamRutherford of Hall to his father Adam Rutherford of Hall was "expede" before Archibald Douglas, January 18, 1648. ("The Rutherfurds of that Ilk and theirCadets" by Thomas H. Cockburn-Hood published in Edinburgh - 1884) [also cited by WK Rutherford]

Generation 18

--2. [#18] Robert Rutherford Sr.b. ca. 1634 Jedburgh, Scotlandchristened: 6 May 1640 Jedburgh, Roxburgh, Scotlandd. after 21 Aug 1728 probably in Essex Co., VA.wife: Margaret Vawterdaughter of Bartholomew Vawter and Winifred HodgenThe father of Bartholomew Vawter, along with Angus, Richard, Beverly, David, Margaret and Winifred, was John Vawter.

According to the book "The Vawter Family in America" the name Vawter was of Norman extraction and was originally spelled "Valletort", pronounced asvay-e-tor. There is still a Valletort castle in England.

Knight's Reginduis de Valletort; Hugh de Valletort; Ralphe de Valletort and Siegfried de Valletort were Norman knights living in the area of St. Michaels 14miles from the coast near Castle Maynne Normandy, France. Count Juel de Maynne was a general under Baron Robert Mortaine 1/2 brother of WilliamDuke of Normandy. Four of de Valletort brother's were free knights not under service or servitude and were recruited by Count Maynne for service. After thebattle of Hastings November 14, 1066 the de Valletort brothers received 33 1/3 knights' fees and land holdings at Cornwall and Plymouth, England. DeValletort's Castle, Treamenton still stands today.

The Margaret who married Robert Rutherford Sr. is not Margaret Vawter daughter of Bartholomew. Margaret Vawter dau. of Bartho. married Thomas S.Tinsley III. The Margaret who m. Robert Rutherford, Sr. was b. ca 1644 according to a deposition in court listing her age. Bartholomew Vawter gave a gift ofa cow calfe to this Margaret so her connection to him is yet unknown. It could be a sister or is old enough to be his mother who may have married for asecond time.

Notes on Joseph Rutherford1 Joseph Rutherford b: 1700 d: 1788 + Elizabeth Elliott b: 1723 2 John Rutherford b: 3 Oct 1755 d: 9 May 1841 + Elizabeth Elliott b: 1720 2 Thomas Rutherford b: 1730 d: 1770 + Elizabeth Woodley b: abt 1748 d: 1770 3 Reuben RUTHERFORD b: 1760 d: 1845 3 Robert Rutherford b: 1760 d: 1814 3 Robert Rutherford b: 15 Oct 1762 d: 16 Mar 1851 + Elizabeth Hill b: 1758 d: 1830 4 Elliot Rutherford 4 Alex Rutherford 4 Thomas Rutherford 4 Ruben Rutherford 4 Robert Rutherford b: 1788 4 William Rutherford b: 1789 d: 1860 4 James Rutherford b: 5 Oct 1791 d: 12 Oct 1860 4 John Rutherford b: 1799 4 Joseph Rutherford b: 1802 4 Joseph Rutherford b: 1802 d: Jul 1845 + Margaret Morrison b: abt 1805 d: Jul 1870 5 Elliott Rutherford


5 Hiram Rutherford b: 1822 d: 1859 5 Mary Ann Rutherford b: 30 Apr 1827 d: 19 Feb 1874 + Percival Smith Ferguson b: 19 Jan 1836 d: 11 Oct 1903 6 Vivian Pearl Ferguson b: 3 Mar 1857 d: 10 Aug 1910 + Frances Clay b: 6 Jun 1866 d: 6 Dec 1955 + Josephine Jackson b: Abt 1858 6 Louisa Ferguson b: 19 Dec 1859 d: 3 Sep 1895 6 Bettie Elizabeth Ferguson b: 27 Sep 1860 d: 16 Aug 1934 + Thomas Benton Napier b: 22 Jan 1847 d: 11 Jan 1941 6 Charles W Ferguson b: 1862 d: aft 1930 + Jeanette Taylor b: 1864 d: Feb 1911 6 Mary C Ferguson b: 5 Feb 1868 d: 11 Jun 1886 + Richard H Douthit + William G Davis b: 1818 d: Aft 1852 6 Victoria Davis b: 1845 6 Sampson S Davis b: 1846 6 Adalade Davis b: 1848 6 Dora Ann Davis b: 15 Aug 1849 d: 24 Jul 1929 + Alderson Walker b: 1853 + James C Foster b: 1842 6 Samantha Davis b: 3 Jan 1853 d: Sep 1899 + Percival Walker b: 1843 d: 1917 5 Joseph Rutherford b: 1829 5 Elizabeth Eliza Rutherford b: 29 Mar 1831 d: 18 May 1904 5 Samuel Rutherford b: 1843 4 Marie Rutherford b: 24 Feb 1802 d: 11 Oct 1887 3 Mary RUTHERFORD b: 15 Oct 1764 d: 22 Sep 1839 3 Joseph RUTHERFORD b: 1767 d: 1807 4 John Rutherford 4 Joseph Rutherford b: 1785 d: 1830 3 Reuben RUTHERFORD b: 1770 + Elizabeth Elliott b: 1850

BIOGRAPHY: Joseph can be found in records of Essex, Goochland, Cumberland, Augusta, and Rockingham County Virginia. He witnessed land records inSpotsylvania Co. and entered 260 acres of land in Albermale Co. for which the title was cleared in Prince Edward County.

Augusta County Court Records. Order Book No. 8, p. 382.November 19, 1763. Jeremiah Ponder relinquished dower in land conveyed by her husband, Daniel Ponder, to JOSEPH RUTHERFORD. --LymanChalkley, Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish Settlement in Virginia, Volume 1, Extracted from the Original Court Records of Augusta County 1745-1800(Baltimore, MD: 1912), 111.

Augusta County Court Records. Order Book No. 12, p. 338.August 18, 1768. Witnesses: JOSEPH, ELIZABETH, Joseph, Jr., Thomas and Robert RUTHERFORD. (p.339) Witness: Valentine Seviar, Jr. --LymanChalkley, Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish Settlement in Virginia, Volume 1, Extracted from the Original Court Records of Augusta County 1745-1800(Baltimore, MD: 1912), 150.

Augusta County Court Records. Order Book No. 16, p. 23.November 16, 1774. JOSEPH RUTHERFORD, Sr., road overseer of new road from Daniel Smith's to Felix Gilbert's. --Lyman Chalkley, Chronicles of theScotch-Irish Settlement in Virginia, Volume 1, extracted from the Original Court Records of Augusta County 1745-1800 (Baltimore, MD: 1912), 182

Notes on Thomas RutherfordFather: Joseph Rutherford b: 1700 in , Essex, Virginia, USAMother: Elizabeth Elliott b: 1720

Marriage 1 Elizabeth Woodley b: abt 1748 in , , Virginia, USAMarried: 1762 in , , Virginia, USAChildren Reuben RUTHERFORD b: 1760 in , Augusta, Virginia, USA Robert Rutherford b: 1760 in , , Virginia, USA Robert Rutherford b: 15 Oct 1762 in , Augusta, Virginia, USA Mary RUTHERFORD b: 15 Oct 1764 in VA, Botetourt, Virginia, USA Joseph RUTHERFORD b: 1767 in , Augusta, Virginia, USA Reuben RUTHERFORD b: 1770 in , Augusta, Virginia, USA

Marriage 2 Elizabeth Elliott b: 1850

Notes on Reuben Robert RutherfordReuben Robert Rutherford - March 4, 1822 appointed by Gov. Adair as magistrate, one of the first.1830 Pike Co., KY., census

Father: Thomas RUTHERFORD b: 1730Mother: Elizabeth (UNKNOWN)


Marriage 1 Priscilla COBURN b: Abt 1774 in South CarolinaMarried: 25 DEC 1814 in Floyd County,KentuckyChildren John RUTHERFORD b: Abt 1791 in Virginia James RUTHERFORD b: 1792/1793 in Virginia Joseph RUTHERFORD b: Abt 1795 in Virginia Elizabeth RUTHERFORD b: Abt 1798/1799 in Virginia Robert RUTHERFORD b: 1800/1802 in Virginia Jane Ellen RUTHERFORD b: 8 MAR 1802/1805 in Kanawha County,Virginia

Notes on Elizabeth RutherfordChildren Rebecca McCoy b: ABT 1862 Joseph McCoy b: ABT 1864 Parlee McCoy b: ABT 1865 Harvey McCoy b: ABT 1867 in Pike Co., KY Elnora McCoy b: 1869 Boyd McCoy b: ABT 1872 Dollie McCoy b: ABT 1874 Lydia McCoy b: ABT 1875 in Pike Co, Kentucky Lovel D. "Lovely" McCoy b: APR 1878 in Pike Co., KY

Sources:Abbrev: The McCoys: Their StoryTitle: The McCoys: Their StoryAuthor: Truda Williams McCoyPublication: Preservation Council Press for the Preservation Council of Pike Co., KY, Inc.Note:Source Media Type: BookRepository:Abbrev: 1900 Pike Co., KY Federal CensusTitle: 1900 Pike Co., KY Federal Census

Notes on Elnora McCoyChildren Sydney Chapman b: 1890 Toma Chapman b: 1894 Louel Chapman b: 1896

Sources:Abbrev: 1880 Pike County, KY federal censusTitle: 1880 Pike County, KY federal censusAuthor: Jesse & Leah Stewart, comp.Note:Source Media Type: CensusRepository:Abbrev: The McCoys: Their StoryTitle: The McCoys: Their StoryAuthor: Truda Williams McCoyPublication: Preservation Council Press for the Preservation Council of Pike Co., KY, Inc.Note:Source Media Type: BookRepository:Abbrev: 1900 Pike Co., KY Federal CensusTitle: 1900 Pike Co., KY Federal Census

Notes on Sydney Chapman1930 -Name: Fanny ChapmanHome in 1930: Magnolia, Mingo, West VirginiaView MapAge: 36Estimated Birth Year: abt 1894Relation to Head of House: WifeSpouse's Name: SydneyRace: WhiteAge at first marriage: 21Parents' birthplace: KY/KY

Sydney Chapman 38, KY - Age at first marriage: 17, coal miner


Fanny Chapman 36, KYGolden Chapman 9, KYJaunita Chapman 6, WVBilly Chapman 3 5/12, WVErnest Justice 24, KT = b/inlaw, widowed, coal miner

1920 -Name: Sid ChapmanHome in 1920: Magnolia, Mingo, West VirginiaAge: 30 yearsEstimated Birth Year: abt 1890Birthplace: KentuckyRelation to Head of House: HeadSpouse's Name: CannieFather's Birth Place: KentuckyMother's Birth Place: KentuckyMarital Status: MarriedRace: WhiteSex: MaleHome owned: OwnAble to read: YesAble to Write: Yes

Sid Chapman 30, KY - coal minerCannie Chapman 25, KY

1910 -Name: Sydney ChapmanAge in 1910: 21Estimated Birth Year: abt 1889Birthplace: KentuckyRelation to Head of House: HeadFather's Birth Place: KentuckyMother's Birth Place: KentuckySpouse's Name: EstherHome in 1910: Williamson, Mingo, West VirginiaMarital Status: MarriedRace: WhiteGender: Male

Sydney Chapman 21, KY = coal minerEsther Chapman 18, KY - married 3 yrMarie Chapman 1 8/12, WV

1900 -Name: Sydney ChapmanHome in 1900: Magisterial District 6, Pike, KentuckyAge: 1Birth Date: Mar 1890Birthplace: KentuckyRace: WhiteEthnicity: AmericanGender: MaleRelationship to Head of House: SonFather's Birthplace: KentuckyMother's Name: EllaMother's Birthplace: KentuckyMarital Status: SingleResidence : Magisterial District 6, Pike, Kentucky

Rais Chapman 30, 1870, Ky - farmerElla Chapman 30, 8/69 KY - married 12 yr., 3 childrenSydney Chapman 1, 3/90 KYThomas Chapman 6, 7/94 KYLovel Chapman 4/12, 6/96

Who are Rais Chapman b:1870 KY and Ella Chapman b:Aug 1869 KY?

Notes on Sherwood Tunis Chapman (Turner)Rocky Mountain News (CO) - June 17, 199280, of Westminster died June 2 in Cambridge Care Center in Lakewood. Services were June 5 in Arvada Covenant Church. Burial was in Crown HillCemetery. Mr. Turner, a native of Williamson, W.Va., was a laboratory technician at Public Service Co. until his retirement in 1977. He is survived by his


wife, Evelyn; two sons, Sherwood Jr. of Westminster and David of Colorado Springs; one sister, Marie Taylor of La Mesa, Calif.; nine grandchildren; and 14great-grandchildren.

Throughout his life he was known as Sherwood T. Turner.

Notes on Marie Gladys Chapman Turner Marie Chapman apears with Sydney Chapman and Esther Louise (Rowe) Chapman in 1910 census Mingo, WV.Marie Gladys Turner appears in 1920 Denver CO census with Irvin Preston Turner and Minnie (Rowe) Turner.

Attended Pillar of Fire School in Westminister, CO

Marie and her brother Sherwood were born to Sydney Chapman and his wife Esther Louise (Rowe) Chapman. After Sydney and Esther divorced, IrvinPreston Turner and Minnie (Rowe) Turner (sister of Esther) changed the last names of Marie and Sherwood to Turner and raised them. Marie never knewshe had been adopted. She was always told the courthouse that kept her birth records had burned down

Most of Marie's life was as a homemaker. She worked for a few years in a church day care center. She did sewing and made dresses for extra money.

Throughout her life her name was Marie G. Turner then Marie G. Taylor when she married.

Death certificate 3-200037-011454: date fo death Jul 20, 2000Last address 5480 Marengo Av., La Mesa, CA 91942SS# 523-12-1640

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