The Value of Scarce Water: Measuring the Inefficiency of ...
Desalination for Water Security and Environmental Protection · n 40% of the world’s populationis...
Transcript of Desalination for Water Security and Environmental Protection · n 40% of the world’s populationis...
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Desalination for Water Security and Environmental
Protection
Prof. Wendell ElaNCEDAMurdoch UniversityACC, May 2016
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n 40% of the world’s population is now living in a water–scarce region.
n Total global water demand is expected to rise by 35 - 60% between 2000 and 2025, and could double by 2050.
n A 40% global gap between demand from economic development and supply of accessible and reliable water is expected by 2030.
Big Picture Realities
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2 - 4 L drinking water
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Human’s Daily Water Needs
+8 - 50 L sanitation & hygiene
+50 - 500 L embedded energy
Total:1,000 – 6,000 liters /day
+1,000 – 5,500 L embedded food
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Climate Change: Perth Dam Inflows
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Next Buckets
Naturally Impaired Waters¡ Marine¡ Brackish ground water
Human Impaired Waters¡ Wastewater reuse and reclamation
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Water Sources versus Unit Costs
Marsden Jacobs and Associates, 2006, Melbourne
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Perth1
GoldCoast
Sydney Adelaide Melbourne
The Big Six Australian Desalination Plants
Perth2
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General Ocean Desal Schematic(sorry, in German, in Australia)
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Marine Desal Intakes
Excerpted from: Key Issues in Seawater Desalination in California, 2013
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http://www.watercorporation.com.au/water-supply-and-services/solutions-to-perths-water-supply/desalination/perth-seawater-desalination-plant
Perth Seawater Desal. Plant (Kwinana)Intake Type and In-Place Pictures
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZp2WUlEMPY
Adelaide Desal Plant Outfall
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Perth Seawater Desal. Plant (Kwinana)
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Southern Seawater Desalination Plant
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Water Reuse & Desalination
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Questions, Concerns, Comments
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?
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Trends in Water Source Unit Costs
Ghaffour et al., 2013, Desalination
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Slow sand filtration
Filtration/ GAC
Micro/Ultra filtration
Coag/flocc rapid sand
Chemical additives
Ion exchange
Nano-filtration
NF + chem softening
Chemical softening
NF + ion exchange
Fouling Pre-treatment
Desalination Brine Treatment
Brine Disposal
Scaling Pre-treatment
Selective precipitation
Crystallizer
Halophytes
VSEP
Dew Vap
Softening 2º RO
MVRE
Separation & reuse
Drying ponds
Sewer/open discharge
Injection wells
Solar ponds
Landfill
Product Water
Reverse osmosis
with partial by-
pass