Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture.
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Transcript of Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture.
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture.
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture.
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Old woman or young woman?Old woman or young woman?
Look at this picture for 3 secondsthen draw it from memory
Look at this picture for 3 secondsthen draw it from memory
A vase or two faces?A vase or two faces?
Visual PerceptionVisual Perception
• The question
• Is the world OUT THERE to be seen? Bottom Up perception (Gibson)
• If perception is innate Then we draw the world as it is
Visual PerceptionVisual Perception
• Do we construct the world that we see?
• Top Down perception (Gregory)
• If perception is learned Then we draw what we THINK we see and what we think we see has been learned
Top Down visual perception?Top Down visual perception?
• The ‘switch’ you see is evidence for GREGORY
IS the left vertical really shorter? IS the left vertical really shorter?
And what on earth is this? And what on earth is this?
And think about this…….And think about this…….
The red squares ARE the same colour and size
So why do they look different?
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• The question
• Does culture affect the way we SEE pictures (nurture)
• Cross cultural studies can help to answer this question
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• The method
• DEREGOWSKI performed a review of a series of
CROSS CULTURAL STUDIES
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• Study (1) late 19th century
• Robert Laws & Mrs Donald Frazer– they were missionaries
• showed Africans ‘European style’ Pictures (e.g. of elephants)
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
The Africans were afraid of them….. they thought they were real elephants
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• Study (2) William Hudson
• “the key to understanding pictures lies in depth cues”
• WE LEARN three rules
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• DEPTH CUES - Rule ONE• larger objects are perceived as nearer
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• DEPTH CUES - Rule TWO• overlap - obscured objects seen as
further away
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• DEPTH CUES - Rule THREE• perspective - lines converge as they
get further away (railway lines)
William Hudson’s famous pictureSpearing the antelope or the elephant?
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• Showed this picture to Africans • when asked “what is the man doing”
participants could not say which animal was ‘being speared’
• (did not seem to use depth cues)
• classed as two dimensional viewers
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• Study (3) William Hudson
• Zambian children - shown picture of two squares connected by a ‘rod’
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• Study (3) William Hudson
• Given sticks and modelling clay to ‘build a model’ of what they saw
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• Study (3) William Hudson
• 2-D viewers built two dimensional models
British primary British primary school children school children usually try to build usually try to build 3 dimensional 3 dimensional models (boxes)models (boxes)
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• Study (4) The impossible trident
• Zambian primary school children asked to draw this figure
• 2-D viewers found it easiest!
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• Study (4) The impossible trident
• 3-D viewers found it harder - they spent longer looking at it (Why?)
Are you a 2-D or a 3-D viewer Are you a 2-D or a 3-D viewer
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• Study (5) Richard GREGORY
• asked unskilled African viewers to
adjust a spot of light so that it lay at the same depth as an object in the
• ‘spearing the antelope picture’
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• Study (5) example - try this out
Where will the Where will the pointer be if it pointer be if it is on the is on the nearest object?nearest object?
2-D viewers 2-D viewers cannot do thiscannot do this
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• Study (6) split style drawing
African children African children prefer the split style prefer the split style
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• The cross cultural studies
• What can we conclude?• If different cultures use different rules to
construct their pictures it follows that one culture may not be able to interpret the drawings of another culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• Do YOU understand these symbols?
what do they mean?Would they be universally understood?
(by all cultures)
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
What do you see? Duck or rabbit?What do you see? Duck or rabbit?
Evidence for Gregory or Gibson?Evidence for Gregory or Gibson?
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• Remember the question !!
• Is the world OUT THERE to be seen? Bottom Up perception
• (Gibson=nature)• Do we construct the world that we see? Top
Down perception • (Gregory=nurture)
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
• As you view this is your brain testing a hypothesis?
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
Deregowski (1972) Pictorial perception and culture
The end