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Environmental StudiesDetailing of syllabus

Unit I:

Environment- Definition, Components of environment- atmosphere, Layers

of atmosphere (Troposphere, Stratosphere andThermosphere), biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere.Eco system- Definition, producers, consumers and decomposers.

Ecosystem components-biotic, abiotic, hydrological cycle,balanced eco- system, food chain, food web

Human activities- The Anthropo System- human activities like growing food,building shelter and other activities for economy and socialsecurity.

Unit II:

Effects of human activities on environment-

Agriculture- Adverse effects of agriculture- soil erosion, contamination ofwater due to use of chemical fretilisers and pesticides, waterlogging-definition, bad effects and remedies. Organicfarming- definition, advantages of organic farming

Housing- use of large volume of materials for building industry andtransportation of materials to construction sites causing highrate of consumption of natural resources,

Industry- Adverse effects of industry on environment- leading to land,water and air pollution- consumption of natural resources

Mining- Adverse effects of mining on environment- air pollution,damage to land and forest, noise pollution

Transportation activities-Adverse effects on environment- air pollution,consumption of natural resources like petrol, diesel at fasterrate

Environmental Impact Assessment- EIA definition, objectives and benefits ofEIA

Sustainable development- Definition, objectives

Unit III:

Natural resources-Water resources-

Availability- Global water resources distribution. Use of water forirrigation, domestic and industrial purposes in India.

Quality aspects- BIS standards (IS 10500 -2003) for drinking water forturbidity, pH value, total hardness, iron, fluoride, lead,arsenic, nitrate and MPN.

Water borne diseases- definition and common diseases and theircausatives.

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Water induced disease- definition and examplesFluoride problem in drinking water

Mineral resoures- Metallic minerals , Nonmetallic minerals- coal andpetroleum

Forest Wealth - Components of the forest. Key benefits of forests.

Deforestation-Environmental effects of deforestation andremediesMaterial cylces Carbon, Nitrogen & Sulphur cycles.

UNIT IVEnergy Different types of energy-

Non Renewable energy- Fossil fuels-Coal, Oil & NaturalGas- Brief description only. Nuclear energy- Nuclear powerplants,Renewable Energy Solar energy- Photovoltaic systems forstreet and domestic lighting, Solar water heating- Brief

description only.Wind energy- defintion, merits and demerits,Hydro Power- definition, merits and demerits. BiomassEnergy- Definition, Sources of Bioenergy, Biogas, Biofuels,Indias position in renewable energyHydrogen as an alternative future source of energy- briefscope, fuel cells

UNIT V

Environmental pollution: Definition, Harmful effects related to public health.

Water pollution: Definition, types and sources, Harmful effectsLand pollution: Definition, effects, Types of municipal Solid waste Disposal(Sanitary land fills, Composting, incineration in brief)

Noise pollution: Definition, sources, effects and control measures

UNIT VICurrent environmental issues of importance

Population growth

Definition, growth rate ,effects, remediesUrbanization-definition, environmental impacts and remediesGlobal warming and climate change

concept of green house effect

sources of green house gases

effects and remedial measures of green house gases

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Automobile pollution -sources , effects, prevention and control measures

UNIT VII

Acid rain: Definition, Causes and Effects, Control measures.Ozone Depletion: Definition, Causes, Effects and Control measures.Animal husbandry: Introduction, Purpose and Impact.

UNIT VIII

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: Different Acts Environmental ProtectionAct, Air & Water Acts, Wildlife and Forest Acts (Year ofenactment & definition), Functions of Pollution Control Boards(SPCB & CPCB)

NGOs : their Roles and responsibilitiesEnvironmental Education - Objectives & Principles Formal& Non-formal, Women education in India.