DEPRESSANTS. Depressants Tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics. Relax the CNS. Interfere with nerve...
-
Upload
oliver-stevens -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of DEPRESSANTS. Depressants Tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics. Relax the CNS. Interfere with nerve...
DEPRESSANTS
Depressants
Tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics.
Relax the CNS.Interfere with nerve
impulse transmission.Slow down activity of
brain, heart.Reduce breathing rate
and emotional response.At high doses – Sleep Extremely high doses -
Death
Tranquilizers
Alcohol, valium (diazepam), librium.
Reduce nervous tension, anxiety.
Sedatives
eg. Barbituarates (a class of drugs that are depressants)
Soothing of distress.Without sleep.Tranquilizers are
milder than sedatives.
Hypnotics
Produce sleep.Chloral hydrate.Phenobarbitol.
Increasing the dose of depressants
NormalRelief of anxietyDisinhibitionSedationHypnosis (sleep)General anaestheticComaDEATH
Ethanol
Fat solublePenetrates cell, tissues
membranesEasily absorbedMild intoxication (euphoria)Silly behaviourNeurological problems
(slurred speach, staggering)
Aggressive behaviourComaDeathAlcoholism
Alcohol-Other uses
AntisepticMouthwash
Effects of alcohol
Social Physiological
Please take notes using page 416.
Short termLong termSynergistic (when
combination is more harmful than either drug)
Please take notes from pages 416, 417.
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
Mass in grams of alcohol per 100 cubic centimetres of blood.
Sometimes listed as a percentage.
Alcohol in blood in equilibrium with alcohol vapour in lungs
Therefore a breathalyser test can be used
Breathalyser Test
A redox reactionPotassium
dichromate is oxidising agent.
Oxidises alcohol to ethanoic acid.
Orange Cr(VI) to green Cr (III).
Transfer of electrons produces emf.
Gas Liquid Chromatography
Components move through column at different speeds.
Detected and analysed.See page 418 for notes.
Infra-Red Spectroscopy
IR energy vibrates moleculesEach molecule absorbs different range of
radiation.Eg OH bond is at characteristic
wavelength.See page 418 for notes.
Valium
Worlds most prescribed drug
SedativeRelieves anxiety,
tensionInhibits nerve
transmission by interacting with inhibitors
Nitrazepam (mogadon)
Common sleeping pill
Also used to control seizures and infantile spasms
Phenyl group, fused benzene ring, with a 7 membered heterocyclic ring, secondary amine
Compare to valium
Prozac
Anti-depressantIncreases activity of
seratonin (a neurotransmitter)
Contains amine group
Questions
7, 8 and 9 on page 435.