DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS SCHOOL OF...
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COURSE STRUCTURE OF 5 -YEAR INTEGRATED PROGRAM IN PHYSICS (With exit option after 3 year with Physics (Hons.) Degree) DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS SCHOOL OF SCIENCE Department of Physics
Transcript of DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS SCHOOL OF...
COURSE STRUCTURE
OF
5 -YEAR INTEGRATED PROGRAM
IN
PHYSICS
(With exit option after 3 year with Physics (Hons.) Degree)
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
SCHOOL OF SCIENCE
Department of Physics
Program Objectives:
After successfully completing this program, a student must have:
A strong foundation on the fundamental ideas of Physics.
Understanding of Computer Programming and Numerical simulations, learning
different programming languages. Ability to apply the programming knowledge in
solving different theoretical problems.
Ability to perform experiments which has a direct impact on industry.
A strong foundation in experimental background in application oriented areas like
Medical Electronics, Nano Science &Technology and Data Science etc.
Career opportunities:
An updated and modernized syllabus with emphasis on proper laboratory& Industry
training along with compulsory seminar / colloquium presentation and major project
work will enable students to be equipped for employment as faculty member or
research scientist in any reputed College/ University and Research Institutes in India
and abroad.
The present course will help to build a career in organizations dealing with Medical
Electronics, Solar Power, Electronics& Instrument industry, Nano Technology,
Robotics & Artificial Intelligence, Data Scientist and related research domain.
Programs designed with specific applications will enable students to start their own
entrepreneurship.
The courses on career and skill development (i.e., the Foundation courses) offered in
the curriculum will enable students to compete in national level competitive
examinations like BARC/ NET / SET / GATE / JAM/ CSIR / JEST / DST / DRDO /
ISRO / UPSC etc.
Department at a Glance:
Well-equipped research Laboratory
Updated and Research oriented course and experienced faculty members.
Special Emphasis on experiments/hands on training and project works.
Special emphasis is given on M.Sc. Dissertation.
Six - Eight weeks internship program in Industry / Institutes.
Distribution of Papers Semester-wise:
1st year
Semester - I
Paper Name Paper Code No of
Papers
Credit L-T-P
Engineering Mathematics I 1 4 3-1-0
Engineering Physics 1 3 3-0-0
Computer Programming 1 3 3-0-0
HSS–I 1 3 3-0-0
HSS-II (Economics for Engineers) 1 3 3-0-0
Engineering Physics I - Lab 1 2 0-0-3
Computer Programming 1 2 0-0-3
Engineering Drawing and CAD 1 2 0-0-3 22
Semester - II
Paper Name Paper Code No of
Papers
Credit L-T-P
Engineering Mathematics II 1 3 3-1-0
Engineering Chemistry 1 3 3-0-0
Engineering Mechanics 1 3 3-0-0
HSS –III 1 3 3-0-0
Electrical and Electronics Technology 1 3 3-0-0
Life Sciences 1 3 3-0-0
Engineering Chemistry Lab 1 2 0-0-3
Electrical and Electronics Technology Lab 1 2 0-0-3
Engineering Workshop 1 2 0-0-3
Computing Lab 1 2 0-0-3
Total 26
2ndYear
Semester - III
Paper Name Paper Code No of
Papers
Credit L-T-P
Core
(Theory) Mathematical Methods I 1 4 4-0-0
Classical Mechanics 1 4 4-0-0
Heat & Thermodynamics 1 4 4-0-0
E M Theory I 1 4 4-0-0
Core
(Lab) Thermal Physics Lab 1 2 0-0-4
Current Electricity Lab 1 2 0-0-4
Generic Elective
(Theory) Engineering Physics II/ Chemistry II 1 3 3-0-0
Generic Elective
(Lab) Engineering Physics Lab II/
Chemistry Lab II
1 2 0-0-4
Total 25
Semester - IV
Paper Name Paper Code No of
Papers
Credit L-T-P
Core
(Theory) Wave and Optics 1 4 4-0-0
EM Theory II 1 4 4-0-0
Analog and Digital Electronics 1 4 4-0-0
Modern Physics 1 4 4-0-0 Core
(Lab) Optics and Electromagnetism Lab 1 2 0-0-4
Analog and Digital Electronics Lab 1 2 0-0-4 Non-Departmental
Elective Basic Atmospheric Science/
Basic Bio-Physics
1 3 3-0-0
Total 23
3rd Year
*Purely Theoretical Papers with 6 credits
Total Credit (Students opting for exit option): 22 + 26 + 25 + 23 + 25 + 24 = 145
Semester - V
Paper Name Paper Code No of
Papers
Credit L-T-P
Core
(Theory) Quantum Mechanics I 1 4 4-0-0
Statistical Mechanics I 1 4 4-0-0
Solid-state Physics I 1 4 4-0-0 Core
(Lab) Solid State Physics Lab 1 2 0-0-4
Discipline Specific
Elective
(Theory)
Experimental Techniques/
Embedded systems-Introduction to
Microcontroller
1 4 4-0-0
Experimental Techniques Lab /
Microcontroller Lab
1 2 0-0-4
Seminar on Contemporary
Research-Level I
1 3
Industrial Interaction 1 2
Total 25
Semester - VI
Paper Name Paper Code No of
Papers
Credit L-T-P
Core
(Theory) Nano-Science and Technology 1 4 4-0-0
Nuclear and Particle Physics I 1 4 4-0-0 Core
(Lab) Modern Physics Lab 1 2 0-0-4
Core
Discipline Specific
Elective
(Theory)
Advanced Mathematical
Physics/Applied Dynamics/
Astronomy and Astrophysics*
1 4 4-0-0
Discipline Specific
Elective
(Lab)
Advanced Mathematical Physics
Lab/
Applied Dynamics Lab
1 2 0-0-4
Project UG - Project 1 8
Total 8 24
4thYear
Paper Type Semester - VII
Paper Name Paper Code No of
Papers
Credit L-T-P
Core Mathematical Methods II 1 4 4-0-0
Core Analytical Mechanics 1 4 4-0-0
Core Quantum Mechanics II 1 4 4-0-0
Core Applied Electronics and
Instrumentation
1 4 4-0-0
Core General Physics Lab I 1 3 0-0-6
Core Applied Electronics and
Instrumentation Lab
1 3 0-0-6
Departmental
Elective-I
Ultra-High Vacuum & Thin Film
Technology /
Basics of Computational Physics
1 3 3-0-0
Total 25
Semester - VIII
Paper Name Paper Code No of
Papers
Credit L-T-P
Core Classical Electrodynamics 1 4 4-0-0
Core Quantum Mechanics III 1 4 4-0-0
Core Statistical Mechanics II 1 4 4-0-0
Core Solid-State and Nuclear Physics II 1 4 4-0-0
Core General Physics Lab II 1 3 0-0-6
Core Numerical Modeling in Physics 1 3 0-0-6
Departmental
Elective-II
Soft-matter Physics / Introduction to
Robotics and AI
1 3 3-0-0
Total 22
5thYear
Total credit: 145 + (25 + 25 + 25 + 25) = 245
Semester - IX
Paper Name Paper Code No of
Papers
Credit L-T-P
Core Advanced Elective I 1 4 4-0-0 Core Advanced Elective II 1 4 4-0-0 Core Advanced Elective III 1 4 4-0-0 Core Advanced Elective Lab I 1 3 0-0-6
Core Advanced Elective Lab II 1 3 0-0-6
Core Term Paper leading to
Dissertation
1 3 0-0-6
Seminar on Contemporary
Research-Level II
1 2
Internship 1 2
Total 25
Semester - X
Paper Name Paper Code No of
Papers
Credit L-T-P
Core Advanced Elective IV 1 4 4-0-0 Core Comprehensive Viva and
Defence of Project
3
Core M.Sc. Dissertation 1 18
Total 25
Details of the Advanced Papers
Advanced Program I : ( Electronics) Elective (s) Paper Name Paper Code No of Papers Credit L-T-P
Elective I Solid State Devices and VLSI 1 4 4-0-0
Elective II Microwave Devices and Circuits 1 4 4-0-0
Elective III
Microprocessor and
Communication Electronics
1 4 4-0-0
Elective IV Opto-electronics and Photonics 1 4 4-0-0
Elective Lab I Solid State Device & Microwave
Lab
1 3 0-0-6
Elective Lab II Microprocessor and Electronics Circuit Design Lab
1 3 0-0-6
Total 4 + 2 = 6 22
Advanced Program II : (Nanoscience and Technology) Elective (s) Paper Name Paper Code No of Papers Credit L-T-P
Elective I Quantum Transport in Low Dimensional
Systems
1 4 4-0-0
Elective II Computational Methods for Nanoscience 1 4 4-0-0
Elective III Nanoelectronics and Fabrication
Technologies
1 4 4-0-0
Elective IV Nanomaterials and its applications 1 4 4-0-0
Elective Lab I Thin film characterization Lab 1 3 0-0-6
Elective Lab II Nanoelectronics Lab 1 3 0-0-6
Total 4 + 2 = 6 22
Advanced Program II : (Medical Physics and Instrumentation) Elective (s) Paper Name Paper Code No of Papers Credit L-T-P
Elective I Anatomy and Physiology SPH52109 1 4 4-0-0
Elective II Bio instrumentation and Medical Physics SPH52125 1 4 4-0-0
Elective III
Biomedical Spectroscopy and Medical
Imaging Technique
SPH52106 1 4 4-0-0
Elective IV Biosensors and LASER in Medical
Application
SPH52124 1 4 4-0-0
Elective Lab I Bio instrumentation Lab SPH52207 1 3 0-0-6
Elective Lab II Microprocessor and Image Processing
Lab
SPH52206 1 3 0-0-6
Total 4 + 2 = 6 22
Detailed Syllabus for Integrated M.Sc. in Physics:
SEMESTER – I (Same for Chemistry & Mathematics)
Engineering Mathematics-I
Code: SMA41101
L-T-P: 3-1-0
Credits: 4
Unit-1 [20]
Group Theory: Review of concept of set theory, Binary operations, group, abelian group, subgroups,
necessary and sufficient condition for a subset of group to be a subgroup, ring, field, examples.
Sequences and Series: Sequences and their limits, convergence of series, comparison test, Ratio test,
Root test, Absolute and conditional convergence, alternating series, Power series.
Vector Algebra: Scalar and vector fields, Vector product, Scalar triple product and their interpretation,
directional derivative, gradient, Curl, divergence.
Unit- II [16]
Differential Calculus (Functions of one Variable): Limit, continuity, differentiability of functions of
single variable, successive differentiation, Leibnitz’s theorem, Rolle’s Theorem, Cauchy’s mean value
theorem, Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s theorems with remainders, indeterminate forms, concavity and
convexity of a curve, points of inflexion, asymptotes and curvature.
Differential Calculus (Functions of several variables): Limit, continuity, Differentiability of functions
of several variables, partial derivatives and their geometrical interpretation, differentials, derivatives of
composite and implicit functions, Euler s theorem on homogeneous functions, harmonic functions,
maxima and minima of functions of several variables, Lagrange’s method of multipliers.
Unit- III [14]
Integral Calculus: Fundamental theorem of integral calculus, mean value theorems, evaluation of
definite integrals, reduction formulae. Convergence of improper integrals, tests of convergence, Beta and
Gamma functions, elementary properties, Differentiation under integral sign, differentiation of integrals
with variable limits, Leibnitz rule. Rectification, double and triple integrals, computations of area,
surfaces and volumes, change of variables in double integrals, Jacobian’s of transformations, integrals
dependent on parameters, applications.
Unit-IV [10]
Ordinary Differential Equations: First order differential equations, exact, linear and Bernoulli’s form,
second order differential equations with constant coefficients, method of variation of parameters, general
linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Euler’s equations, Cauchy-Legendre’s equation
system of differential equations.
References:
1. ErwynKreyszig : Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley and Sons
2. B.V. Ramana, Higher Engineering Mathematics Tata McGraw-Hill.
3. B.S.Grewal : Higher Engineering Mathematics, Khanna Publications
4. C B Gupta, S R Singh, Mukesh Kumar: Engineering Mathematics, McGraw Hill Publication.
5. R.K.Jain and S.R.K.Iyengar : Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Narosa Publishing House,
2002
PAPER CODE :
PAPER NAME: Engineering Physics-I
Semester I
1. Newtonian Mechanics (a) Newton’s laws of motion, principle of conservation of linear momentum, time and path integral of force, conservative force field, concept of potential, conservation of total energy,
equation of motion of a system with variable mass. (b) Rotational motion, angular velocity, angular acceleration, angular momentum, torque,
fundamental equation of rotational motion, principle of conservation of angular momentum, radial and
cross-radial acceleration.
(c)Central force and Gravitation: Central force and its properties, Differential equation of orbits under central force field, Gravitational potential and intensity due to thin uniform spherical shell and
solid sphere of uniform density, escape velocity.
(d) Special Theory of Relativity (STR): Frame of reference, basic postulates of special relativity, Lorentz transformations (space – time coordinates & velocity only), mass energy relation, length contraction, time
dilation.
(e) Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation, Applications. (12)
2. General Properties of Matter
Bending of a beam, Cantilever, Cantilever problems & Applications, Fluid Motion, Streamline and
turbulent motion, Poiseuille’s formula, critical velocity, Reynolds number, Stokes’ law, Basics of Surface Tension mechanism, Molecular Theory , Capillary problems and Applications. Perfect fluid
motion, Euler’s equation, Bernoulli’s theorem, uni-planar motion of incompressible fluid, vorticity and
conservation theorem, Navier’s Stoke equation and its Engineering applications. (9)
3. E M Theory
Axial and polar vectors, dot product and cross product, scalar triple product and vector triple product.
Scalar and vector fields gradient, divergence and curl, statement of divergence theorem, statement
of Stokes' theorem. Gauss’s Law in Electrostatics (in vacuum and in presence of dielectric), Laplace’s Equation and Poisson’s Equation, Lorentz Force, Motion of Charged Particles in crossed Electric & Magnetic fields, Velocity Selector & Magnetic focussing, Biot-Savart Law and Ampere’s Law and their applications, Vector and Scalar potential, Electromagnetic induction, Faraday’s Law, Maxwell’s equations (differential and integral forms), Poynting vector, Poynting Theorem (Statement only), propagation of plane electromagnetic waves in vacuum, dielectric and conducting media.
(8)
5. Wave and Optics
Differential equation and its solution, analytical treatment, damped and forced vibration, resonance,
sharpness of resonance. Light as an electromagnetic wave, Huygens’ principle, Interference of light, Young’s experiment, intensity distribution, conditions of interference, Diffraction of light, Fresnel and Fraunhofer class. Fraunhofer diffraction due to a single slit and plane transmission grating (elementary
theory). Polarization of light Different states of polarization, Brewster’s law. (6)
6.Heat & Thermodynamics: Distribution of velocities, Maxwell’s law of distribution of velocities, average , rms and most probable
velocity, DOF, law of equipartition of energy, mean free path and collision, probability, transport
phenomena in ideal gas, behavior of real gas, deviation from ideal gas equation, law of corresponding
states. Critical volume, pressure and temperature and their relation. Zeroth and 1st law of thermodynamics, isothermal, adiabatic processes, relation between CP and Cv,
reversible and irreversible process, Carnot’s engine, refrigerator, 2nd law of thermodynamics, entropy,
Clausius theorem, Entropy of a perfect gas, 3rd law of thermodynamics, un-attainability of absolute zero. (10)
PAPER NAME: Engineering Physics-I Lab
1. Determination of Young’s Modulus of a Beam by travelling microscope by FLEXURE method.
2. Carry Foster’s Method to Determine Resistance of a Given Coil.
3. Determination of the Coefficient of viscosity of water by Poiseulle’s Capillary Flow method.
4. To determine the wavelength of sodium light by forming Newton’s Ring.
5. Determination of Rigidity Modulus by dynamical method.
6. To verify Stefan’s law by electrical method.
7. Determination of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor using Lees and Charlton method
8. Determination of dispersive power of a given prism.
ECS41101 Programming and Data Structure
3 Credits (3-0-0)
Prerequisite: Preliminary Idea about Computer Programming
Basics of C Programming :Characters used in C, Identifiers, Keywords, Data type & sizes, Constants
&Variables, Various Operators used such as Arithmetic Operators, Relational & Logical Operators,
Increment & Decrement Operators, Assignment Operators, Conditional or Ternary Operators, Bitwise Operators & Expressions; Standard Input & Output, formatted input scanf( ), formatted output printf( );
Flow of Control, if-else, switch-case, Loop Control Statements, for loop, while loop, do-while loop,
nested loop, break, continue, goto, label and exit( ) function.
Functions and Pointers: Definition of Function, Declaration or Prototype of Function, Various types of
Functions, Call by Value, Call by Reference, Recursion, Tail Recursion, Definition of Pointer,
Declaration of Pointer, Operators used in Pointer, Pointer Arithmetic, Functions with Pointer Introduction
to Data Structures: Basic Terminology, Elementary Data Organization, Algorithm, Efficiency of an
Algorithm, Time and Space Complexity, Asymptotic notations: Big-Oh, Time-Space trade-off. Abstract
Data Types (ADT) Arrays and String: Definition, Single and Multidimensional Arrays, Representation of
Arrays - Row Major Order, and Column Major Order, Application of arrays – searching and sorting,
Sparse Matrices and their representations. Definition of a String, Declaration of a String, Initialization of
a String, Various String Handling Functions with example
Structures and Unions: Definition of a Structure, Declaration of a Structure & Structure Variable,
Initialization of a Structure, Operators used in Structure, Structure within Structures, Union, Difference
between a Structure and an Union Files: Types of File, File Processing, Handling Characters, Handling
Integers, Random File Accessing, Errors During File Processing Stacks and Queues: ADT Stack, Array
Implementation Multiple Stacks, Applications of Stacks – Conversion from Infix to Postfix, Evaluation of
Postfix Expressions, Prefix Notation, etc. ADT queue, Linear Queue, Circular Queue, Priority Queue,
Array Implementations of Queues, Applications of Queues Operations on Queue: Create, Add, Delete,
Full and Empty, Circular queues, Array and linked implementation of queues in C, Dequeue and Priority
Queue. Linked lists: Array Implementation and Dynamic Implementation of Singly Linked Lists, Doubly
Linked List, Circularly Linked List, Operations on a Linked List. Insertion, Deletion, Traversal,
Polynomial Representation and Addition, Generalized Linked List.
Trees: Basic terminology, Binary Trees, Binary Tree Representation: Array Representation and Dynamic
Representation, Complete Binary Tree, Algebraic Expressions, Extended Binary Trees, Array and Linked
Representation of Binary trees, Tree Traversal algorithms: Inorder, Pre-order and Postorder, Threaded
Binary trees, Traversing Threaded Binary trees, Huffman algorithm.
Graphs: Terminology, Sequential and linked Representations of Graphs: Adjacency Matrices, Adjacency
List, Adjacency Multi list, Graph Traversal : Depth First Search and Breadth First Search, Connected
Component, Spanning Trees, Minimum Cost Spanning Trees: Prims and Kruskal algorithm. Transistive
Closure and Shortest Path algorithm: Warshal Algorithm and Dijikstra Algorithm, Introduction to
Activity Networks.
ECS41201 Data Structure Lab
2 Credits (0-0-3)
List of Experiments to be covered 1. Familiarization with LINUX commands and VI editor.
2. Programs to demonstrate Decision Making, Branching and Looping, Use of break and continue
statement etc. 3. Implementation involving the use of Arrays with subscript, String operations and pointers.
4. Implementation involving the use Functions and Recursion.
5. Implementation involving the use Structures and Files. 6. Implementation based on Stack Queues and Linked List for example Insertion and Deletion.
HEN4111 HSS-I
3 Credits 3-0-0
Prerequisite: Basic English Communication & Writing Ability
Interactions in different situations- Formal dialogues- Group interactions Inviting people to a
programme- Apologizing and responding to apologies- Congratulations and response-Showing
appreciation- Expressing sympathy, regret or consolation-Asking for, granting and refusing permission
Debates and Extempore: Newspaper Reading and Interpretation.
Importance of writing skills – Effective means of written communication –Report Writing – Memo
writing – Summary writing: Article, Paragraph, Applications, Emails and Drafts Short Stories— Sherlock
Holmes: “The Speckled Band” Poetry— Wilfred Owen: “Strange Meeting”; W H Auden: “The UnknownCitizen” Drama— William Shakespeare: As You Like It Newspaper Reading and
Interpretation: Importance of writing skills – Effective means of written communication – Letter Writing
– Report Writing – Memo writing – Summary writing Article, Paragraph, Report, Applications, Emails
and Drafts.
HEN41119 Professional Ethics, Fundamental Duties and Legal Studies (HSS–
II)
3 Credits (3-0-0)
Prerequisite: Basic Idea about Human Morality, Ethics & Law
An attempt to define and identify the contours of Ethics and its relation with Religion, Aesthetics and
Professional Education Human Values including basic five human values (against Satya (Truth), Dharam
(Righteous conduct), Prem (Love), Shanti (Peace), Ahinsa (Non-violence), Ethics & Morality in Law,
General-Lectures by distinguished persons on this subject on regular basis.
Fundamental Duties of citizen:
Basic values of the Constitution: Democracy, Republicanism, Rule of law, Constitutionalism and
Respect for Minority Rights. Human Rights – Jurisprudence of human rights nature and definition,
Universal protection of human rights, Regional protection of human rights, National level protection of
human rights, Human Rights and vulnerable groups.
Theory and Nature of Political Institutions Concept of State / Nation Organs of Government –
Legislative, Executive and Judiciary Separation of Powers – Parliamentary Sovereignty and Judicial
Independence Constitutional Framework of India.
Nature and Sources of Law Legislation – Process, delegated and subordinate legislation Case law-
Stare decises, precedents within the hierarchy of courts Authoritative Sources, Custom, Law reform
Historical Evolution of Indian Legal System Ancient Indian Law, English Law in India Administration of
Justice in British India Charter of 1861 and subsequent Charters Establishment of High Courts and the
Federal Courts Drafting of the Indian Constitution Ancient Indian Law in Modern Legal Framework Civil
and Criminal Courts And Process The Civil Court Structure, The Criminal Court Structure The Civil
Process, The Criminal process- Investigation and Prosecution Miscellaneous Laws Growing importance
of intellectual property rights and related laws in India Industrial relations laws An overview of the Law
of Contract Human resource and related laws.
ECE41201Engineering Drawing and CAD
3 Credits (0-0-3)
Prerequisite: Knowledge of Basic School Level Geometry
Introduction to Engineering Drawing covering, Principles of Engineering Graphics and their
significance, usage of Drawing instruments, lettering, Conic sections including the Rectangular
Hyperbola (General method only); Cycloid, Epicycloid, Hypocycloid and Involute; Scales – Plain,
Diagonal and Vernier Scales; Orthographic Projections covering, Principles of Orthographic Projections
Conventions - Projections of Points and lines inclined to both planes; Projections of planes inclined
Planes - Auxiliary Planes; Projections of Regular Solids covering, those inclined to both the Planes-
Auxiliary Views; Sections and Sectional Views of Right Angular Solids covering, Prism, Cylinder,
Pyramid, Cone – Auxiliary Views; Development of surfaces of Right Regular Solids - Prism, Pyramid,
Cylinder and Cone; Isometric Projections covering, Principles of Isometric projection – Isometric Scale,
Isometric Views, Conventions; Isometric Views of lines, Planes, Simple and compound Solids;
Conversion of Isometric Views to Orthographic Views and Vice-versa, Conventions
SEMESTER – II (Same for Chemistry & Mathematics)
Engineering Mathematics-II
Code: SMA41102
L-T-P: 3-0-0 Credits: 4
Unit-I [12]
Linear Algebra: Elementary row and column operations on a matrix, Rank, echelon form, normal form,
Inverse of a matrix using elementary operations, solution of system of algebraic equation,
consistency,Caley-Hamillton theorem, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Symmetric and skew-symmetric
matrices, orthogonal matrices, complex matrices, Hermitian and skew-Hermitian matrices, algebraic and
geometric multiplicity, diagonalization, vector spaces, linear dependence of vectors, basis, linear
transformations.
Unit-II [16]
Vector Calculus: Ordinary Integrals of Vectors. Multiple integrals, Jacobian, Line, surface and volume
integrals of Vector fields, Gauss’ divergence theorem, Green’s and Stokes Theorems and their
applications.
Complex Variables: Limit, continuity, differentiability and analyticity of functions, Cauchy-Riemann
equations, line integrals in complex plane, Cauchy s integral theorem, independence of path, existence of
indefinite integral, Cauchy’s integral formula, derivatives of analytic functions, Taylor’s series, Laurent’s
series, zeros and singularities, Residue theorem, evaluation of real integrals.
Unit-III [10]
Partial Differential Equation: Introduction, classification, construction and geometrical interpretation of
first order partial differential equations (PDE), method of characteristic and general solution of first order
PDE, canonical form of first order PDE, equations solvable by direct integration, Langrange’s method,
solution of non-linear first order partial differential equation by Charpit’s method.
Unit-IV [07]
Numerical solution of system of linear equations using Gauss, Gauss-Jordan elimination methods, LU-
decomposition methods, Gauss-Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel iteration methods, Interpolation, numerical
differentiation, numerical integrations,
References:
1. ErwynKreyszig : Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley and Sons
2. B.V. Ramana, Higher Engineering Mathematics, Tata McGraw-Hill.
3. David C. Lay, Linear algebra and its application, (Latest edition), Pearson publication, New
Delhi.
4. H. Anton, Elementary linear algebra with applications (Latest edition), John Wiley.
5. Rizwan Butt, Introduction to Numerical Analysis Using MATLAB, Laxmi Publications;
First edition, 2008.
6. RudraPratap, Getting started with MATLAB, Oxford university press.
Computing Lab
Subject Code: SMA41201
L-T-P: 0-0-3 Credit-02
The aim of this computing lab to develop the concept of MATLAB program for following list of
experiments.
1. Introduction to Matlab. Some basic programming. Plotting of some basic functions.
2. Multiplication, Subtraction, Addition of matrix. Transpose of matrix.
3. Diagonalization of a matrix. Finding Eigen values.
4. Finding roots of algebraic & transcendental equations.
5. Gauss, Gauss-Jordan elimination methods, LU-decomposition methods.
6. Gauss-Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel iteration methods.
7. Newton’s forward and backward interpolation.
8. Numerical differentiation.
9. Numerical Integration using Simpson 1/3 and trapezoidal algorithm.
10. Solution of initial value problem.
11. Solution of partial differential equation.
HEN41112 HSS- III
3 Credits (3-0-0)
Prerequisite: HSS- I
Introduction to Communication – Communication Model –Types of Communications – Barriers to Communication – Effective means of communication
Reading Skills – Importance of Reading – Types of Reading – Effective reading skills Listening Skills –
Importance of Listening – Types of Listening – Barriers to Listening Presentation Skills – Different types
of Presentation skills – Non verbal Communications –– Use of Visual aids Group Discussion, Business
Dialogues and Interaction Mock Interviews
SCY41106 Chemistry
3 Credits (3-0-0)
Prerequisite: Chemistry of 10+2 Level
Thermodynamics: Zeroth law, definition of temperature, 1st law, concept of enthalpy, specific heat of
gases, 2nd law and definition of entropy, free energy, chemical potential, spontaneity criteria of chemical
reaction
Reaction Kinetics, Catalysis & Electrochemistry: Differential and integrated rate laws,order and
molecularity of reactions, rate determining step, zero order, 1st order & 2nd order reaction, Arrhenius
equation, theories of reaction rates, theories of catalysis, electrode potential, redox reaction, Nernst
Equation.
Solid State and Molecular Spectroscopy:. Unit cells, Bravias lattice, packing fraction of SCC, BCC
and FCC, Van der waals bonding, hydrogen bonding, band theory, conductors, semiconductors and
insulators. Basic concepts of spectroscopy, selection rule, fundamentals of IR, UV-Vis, NMR
spectroscopy
Co-Ordination Chemistry:Transition elements, concept of complex, Warner’s co-ordination theory,
structure of co-ordination compounds, co-ordination number, types of ligands, isomerism: geometrical,
optical, ionization, linkage & co-ordination isomerism, Theories of bonding in co-ordination compounds
:crystal field theory
Reactivity of Organic Molecules, Different Types of Organic Reactions and Stereochemistry: Inductive
effect, hyper conjugation, resonance, carbocation, carbanion & free radicals, substitution reactions,
addition reactions, elimination reactions, and their mechanisms. Introduction to stereochemistry,
stereochemical nomenclature & terminology (chiral carbons, allenes, biphenyls, etc.) and nomenclature
(R/S, E/Z, D/L, d/l). Identification of stereo chemical relationship (enantiomers, diastereomers, epimers,
etc.).
Polymers& Fuel Chemistry:Polymerization, addition and condensation polymerization, and their
mechanism, classification of plastics, synthesis, properties & industrial applications of PVC, teflon,
polyester and phenolic resin, conducting polymers & biopolymers.
Solid Fuel: Coal, Different types of coal, coal analysis. Liquid fuel: petroleum, classification of
petroleum, Thermal cracking and reforming, octane number, cetane number, bio diesel, aviation Fuel.
Gaseous fuels: natural, producer, water and bio gas.
SCY41206 Chemistry
Lab 2 Credits (0-0-3)
List of experiments (Any 8 Experiments) 1. Determination of total hardness of water by complexometric titration method
2. Determination of carbonate and bicarbonate in water
3. Estimation of iron by permanganometry 4. Estimation of ferrous ion in Mohr salt
5. Dissolved oxygen by Winkler's method
6. Measurement of the coefficient of viscosity
7. Measurement of the surface tension
8. Kinetics of ester hydrolysis
9. pH metric titration
10. Conductometric titration 11. Determination of standard EMF of a Daniel Cell
12. Verification of Beer Lambert's law
13. Partition coefficient of iodine
14. Identification of organic Compounds using melting point 15. Solubility, functional group test of organic compounds
EEE41102 Electrical and Electronics Technology
3 Credits (3-0-0)
Prerequisite: Electricity Part from Physics of 10+2 Level
Introduction to Electrical Engineering: Sources of energy; General structure of electrical power
systems; Steam power generation; Hydel power generation; Gas and Nuclear power generation; Power
Transmission and Distribution; overhead lines; underground cables; Transformers; Basic Principle and
operation DC Networks: Kirchoff’s laws; node voltage method; mesh current method; Delta-star and star-
delta conversion; Network theorems; Superposition principle; Thevenin’s theorem; Norton’s theorem AC Circuits: Definitions: average and effective values of Sinusoids; Solution of R,L,C series circuits;
Significance of j operator; complex representation of impedances; Phasor diagram; power factor, power in
complex notation; solution of parallel and series – parallel Circuits; Three phase EMF generation; delta
and Y – connections; line and phase quantities Basics of Semi-Conductors and PN Junction: Introduction;
Carrier Concentrations- the Fermi Level; Electron and Hole Concentration at Equilibrium; Temperature
Dependence of Carrier Concentration; Drift and diffusion current; The Hall Effect; Optical Absorption,
Luminescence; PN Junction Diode in Equilibrium Conditions; PN Junction Diode in Forward Biased and
Reverse Biased Condition; Breakdown in PN Junction Diodes. Bipolar Junction Transistors: Introduction,
Types: NPN and PNP; Current Components; Early Effect Ebber’s Moll Model; Different Configurations of a Transistor and its Characteristics; Transistor as an Amplifier (CE, CB, CC); Transistor as a Switch
Field Effect Transistors: Introduction; JFET and MOSFET; Realization of digital logic circuit using
MOSFET (AND, OR, NOT etc.); Realization of switching circuits using MOSFET Electronics
Instruments & Digital Electronics Fundamental: Signal generator, Mustimeter, operation of CRO and its
application. Number systems, Conversions and codes, Logic gates and truth tables.
EEE41202 Electrical and Electronics Technology 2
Credits (0-0-3)
List of experiments (Electronics Part): 1. Familiarization of bread board and electronics elements such as R, L, C, diode, and BJT etc.
2. Familiarization of Function generator and measuring instruments such as CROand mustimeter.
3. Study the V-I characteristic of PN junction diode and find knee voltage. 4. Study the input and output characteristic of bipolar junction transistor (BJT): (a) Common emitter (CE)
configuration
5. Study the transfer and drain characteristic of junction field-effect transistor (JFET),hence determine the drain resistance, transconductance factor, amplification factor.
6. Study the transfer and drain characteristic of MOSFET,hence determine the drain resistance,
transconductance factor, amplification factor.
7. Realization of digital logic circuit using MOSFET (AND, OR, NOT etc.).
SBT41108 Life Sciences 3
Credits 3-0-0
Prerequisite: Biology & Chemistry of 10+2 Level
BASIC CELL BIOLOGY: Introduction; Living Organisms; Cells and Cell theory, Cell Structure and
Function, Genetic information, protein synthesis, and protein structure, Cell metabolism; Cell growth,
reproduction, and differentiation; Cell division, cell cycle and apoptosis; ATP synthesis and Glycolysis;
Respiration and photosynthesis.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND TRANSPORT PROCESS: Chemistry of life: chemical bonds; Non-covalent
interactions and free energy changes in biological processes; Fundamentals of momentum, heat and mass
transport as applied to biological systems; Human body as a thermodynamic system; Blood Rheology,
Fluid mechanical aspects of some diseases and organs; Biochemistry and Human biology; Stem cells and
Tissue engineering.
CHEMICAL BIOLOGY: Carbohydrates; Lipids; Proteins: structure and sequencing; DNA: structure
and sequence, replication, recombination; RNA synthesis; Genetic code and protein biosynthesis;
Recombinant DNA technology.
ENZYMES AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS: Enzymes: mechanism, kinetics and inhibition;
Biological catalysts, Proteases, Carbonic anhydrase, Restriction enzymes, and Nucleoside monophosphate
kinases.
FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS: Introduction and scope of microbial
processes. Sources of industrial cultures and maintenance. Alcoholic fermentation: Production of
Industrial Alcohol. Brewing and malting, manufacture of wine and other distilled liquors. Microbial
Foods – Food, Fodder and Baker's yeast, applications of the nonconventional raw materials; Nutritional
characteristics of food yeast, mushroom production; Vitamins- Vitamin B-2, Riboflavin, Soya-sauce &
cheese production. Production of acids, viz., citric, lactic and gluconic acid. Mechanism of each
fermentation, their uses. Production of Amino acids and Antibiotics and its new Developments.
Production of Organic Acids its spoilage and prevention.
MECHANOCHEMISTRY: Molecular Machines/Motors; Cytoskeleton; Biosensors; Bio-Micro devices.
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: Physiology of cells and molecules; cellular physiology of the nervous
system; cardiovascular and respiratory systems; gastrointestinal and renal systems; endocrine and
reproductive systems.
IMMUNE SYSTEM AND CELL SIGNALING: Immune system; General principles of cell signaling.
IMPACT OF BIOLOGY ON SOCIETY AND MANKIND: Crop management, Disease control,
Biological Hazards and safety; Unsolved Problems in Biology.
EME41104 Engineering Mechanics
3 Credits (3-0-0)
Prerequisite: Mechanics Part from Physics of 10+2 Level
Introduction to Statics: Concept of particle and Rigid body, Vector, Introduction to Vector Algebra, Addition and subtraction of Vectors and different laws, Lami’s theorem, Free Vector, Bound Vector, Representation of Vectors in terms of I, j and k, Cross product and Dot product and their application,
scalar.
Force System: Introduction, Force, Two-Dimensional Force system, Resolution of Force, Moment,
Couple, Varignon’s Theorem, Resultant of Forces. Equilibrium: Introduction, Equilibrium in Two-
Dimension, Free body Concept and Diagram, Equation of Equilibrium. Distributed Force: Introduction,
Center of Mass and Centroid, Centroid of Mass, Centroid of Line and Area (Triangle, Circular section,
Quadrilateral, Composite Area etc.). Friction: Introduction, Concept of Friction, Law of Coulomb
Friction, Angle of Repose, Coefficient of Friction, Application of Friction in Machines. Moment of
Inertia: Mass Moment of Inertia of Symmetrical bodies, Area Moment of Inertia, Introduction, M.I of
Plane figures w.r.t an axis on its plane, M.I of plane figures w.r.t an axis perpendicular to its plane,
Parallel axis theorem. Virtual Work: Introduction of Virtual work, Principal of Virtual work, Application
of Principal of Virtual work.
EME41204 Engineering Workshop 2
Credits 0-0-3
Prerequisite: Basic Idea about Mechanical Tools
1. Pattern Making; pattern material, pattern allowances and types of patterns;
2. Mould making Practice:
3. Uses of moulding tools: green sand moulding, gating system, risering system, core making; Making a product using sheet metal;
4. Basic Forging processes like upsetting, drawing down and forge welding; Practicing Resistance Spot
Welding, Arc Welding and Gas Welding;
5. Machining of products involving lathe (operations: Straight Turning, Taper Turning, Chamfering,
Grooving and Thread cutting), milling/shaping operations and finishing process (es).
2nd Year
Semester : III
Paper Name: Mathematical Physics
Dirac Delta function and its properties:
Definition of Dirac delta function. Representation as limit of a Gaussian function and rectangular function. Properties of Dirac delta function.
(3 L)
Fourier Series:
Periodic functions. Orthogonally of sine and cosine functions, Dirichlet’s Conditions (Statement only).Expansion of periodic functions in a series of sine and cosine functions and determination of Fourier coefficients. Complex representation of Fourier series. Expansion of functions with arbitrary
period. Expansion of non-periodic functions over an interval. Even and odd functions and their Fourier
expansions. Application. Summing of Infinite Series. Term-by-Term differentiation and integration of
Fourier Series. Parseval Identity. (8 L)
Differential Equation:
Wronskian and general solution. Statement of existence and Uniqueness Theorem for Initial Value
Problems. Cauchy-Euler Equations, Legendre’s equations, Method of variation of parameters, Method of undetermined coefficient.
(8 L)
Frobenius Method and Special Functions:
Singular Points of Second Order Linear Differential Equations and their importance. Frobenius method and its applications to differential equations. Legendre, Bessel, Hermite and Laguerre Differential
Equations. Properties of Legendre Polynomials: Rodrigues Formula, Generating Function, Orthogonality.
Simple recurrence relations. Expansion of function in a series of Legendre Polynomials. Bessel Functions of the First Kind: Generating Function, simple recurrence relations. Zeros of Bessel Functions and
Orthogonality.
(12 L)
Partial Differential Equations:
Solutions to partial differential equations, using separation of variables: Laplace’s Equation in problems of rectangular, cylindrical and spherical symmetry. Wave equation and its solution for vibrational modes of a stretched string, rectangular and circular membranes.
(10 L)
Probability: Basic concepts of probability distribution. Permutations and Combinations, Conditional Probability, Conditional Probability, Binomial distribution, Poisson’s distributions, Multinomial distributions. Problems on probability calculation.
(8 L)
List of Books:
1. Mathematical Methods for Physicists, G.B. Arfken, H.J. Weber, F.E. Harris, 2013, 7th Edn., Elsevier.
2. An introduction to ordinary differential equations, E.A. Coddington, 2009, PHI learning
3. Differential Equations, George F. Simmons, 2007, McGraw Hill.
4. Mathematical Tools for Physics, James Nearing, 2010, Dover Publications.
5. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, D.G. Zill and W.S. Wright, 5 Ed., 2012, Jones and Bartlett Learning
6. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Erwin Kreyszig, 2008, Wiley India.
7. Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences, Mary L. Boas, Wiley
8. Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering, K. F. Riley, M. P. Hobson, S. J. Bence, Cambridge UniversityPress
9. Differential and Integral Calculus, N. Piskunov, Mir Publisher
10. Calculus, Apostol, Wiley 11. Vector Analysis, Murry R. Spiegel, Schuam Series.
12. Mathematical Physics, H K Dass, S Chand Publisher
13. Differential Equations, S. L. Ross, Wiley
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Classical Mechanics
Fundamentals of Dynamics:
Reference frames. Inertial frames; Galilean transformations; Galilean invariance. Review of Newton’s Laws of Motion. Dynamics of a system of particles. Centre of Mass. Principle of conservation of
momentum. Impulse. Momentum of variable-mass system: Motion of Rocket. Stable and unstable equilibrium. Elastic potential energy. Force as gradient of potential energy. Work & Potential energy.
Work done by non-conservative forces. Law of conservation of Energy. Elastic and inelastic collisions
between particles. Centre of Mass and Laboratory frames. (8L)
Rotational Dynamics of rigid bodies:
Angular momentum of a particle and system of particles. Torque. Principle of conservation of angular momentum. Rotation about a fixed axis. Moment of Inertia. Calculation of moment of inertia for
rectangular, cylindrical and spherical bodies. Kinetic energy of rotation. Motion involving both
translation and rotation. Calculation of moment of inertia for simple symmetric systems; Ellipsoid of inertia and inertia tensor; Setting up of principal axes in simple symmetric cases. Rotating frames of
reference, Coriolis and centrifugal forces, simple examples. Force-free motion of rigid bodies – free
spherical top and free symmetric top. (10L)
Gravitation and Central Force Motion:
Laws of gravitation. Gravitational potential energy. Inertial and gravitational mass. Potential and field due to spherical shell and solid sphere. Motion of a particle under a central force field. Two-body problem and
its reduction to one-body problem and its solution. The energy equation and energy diagram. Kepler’s Laws. Satellite in circular orbit and applications. Geosynchronous orbits. Weightlessness. Basic idea of global positioning system (GPS). Physiological effects on astronauts.
(10L)
Non-Inertial Systems:
Non-inertial frames and fictitious forces. Uniformly rotating frame. Laws of Physics in rotating
coordinate systems. Centrifugal force. Coriolis force and its applications. Components of Velocity and
Acceleration in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinate Systems.
(5L)
Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Formulation:
Introduction to calculus of variations, few applications, Hamilton’s Variational Principle, D’ Alembert’s principle, Lagrange’s Equation of motion, Linear harmonic Oscillator, Few applications like simple
pendulum, linear harmonic oscillator, isotropic oscillator, particle moving under a central force field, Atwood’s machine, particle on a sphere, Compound pendulum. Invariance of Lagrange’s equation under
Galilean Transformation. Hamilton’s equation of motion, Advantage of Hamiltonian approach, Applications of Hamilton’s equation like simple pendulum, compound pendulum, Isotropic harmonic oscillator, Particle moving near the surface of earth, particle in a central force field.
(15L)
Mechanics of small oscillations:
Stable and unstable Equilibrium, Formulation of the problem: Lagrange’s equation of motion for small oscillations, Properties of T, V and , Normal co-ordinates and normal frequencies of vibration, Few
applications- Parallel pendulum, Double pendulum, Triple pendulum, Free vibrations of linear tri-atomic
molecule, String as a system of particles: weighted string, Transition from discrete to a continuous
systems.
(8L)
List of Books: 1. An introduction to mechanics, D. Kleppner, R.J. Kolenkow, 1973, McGraw-Hill.
2. Introduction to Classical Mechanics, David Morin, Cambridge University Press
3. Classical Mechanics, Douglas Gregory, Cambridge University Press. 4. Mechanics, Berkeley Physics, vol.1, C.Kittel, W.Knight, et.al. 2007, Tata McGraw-Hill.
5. Physics, Resnick, Halliday and Walker 8/e. 2008, Wiley.
6. Theoretical Mechanics, M.R. Spiegel, 2006, Tata McGraw Hill.
7. Introduction to Special Relativity, R. Resnick, 2005, John Wiley and Sons.
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Heat and Thermodynamics
Kinetic Theory of Gases:
Distribution of Velocities: Maxwell-Boltzmann Law of Distribution of Velocities in an Ideal Gas and its
Experimental Verification. Doppler Broadening of Spectral Lines and Stern’s Experiment. Mean, RMS and Most Probable Speeds. Degrees of Freedom. Law of Equipartition of Energy (No proof required).
Specific heat of Gases.
(8 L)
Molecular Collisions:
Mean Free Path. Collision Probability. Estimation of Mean Free Path. Transport Phenomenon in Ideal
Gases: (1) Viscosity, (2) Thermal Conductivity and (3) Diffusion. Brownian Motion and its Significance. (6 L)
Real Gases:
Behavior of Real Gases: Deviations from the Ideal Gas Equation. The Virial Equation. Andrew’s Experiments on CO2 Gas. Critical Constants. Continuity of Liquid and Gaseous State. Vapour and Gas.
Boyle Temperature. Van der Waal’s Equation of State for Real Gases. Values of Critical Constants. Law
of Corresponding States. Comparison with Experimental Curves. P-V Diagrams. Joule’s Experiment.
Free Adiabatic Expansion of a Perfect Gas. Joule-Thomson Porous Plug Experiment. Joule-Thomson Effect for Real and van der Waal Gases. Temperature of Inversion. Joule-Thomson Cooling.
(6 L)
Introduction to Thermodynamics:
Zeroth and First Law of Thermodynamics: Extensive and intensive Thermodynamic Variables,
Thermodynamic Equilibrium, Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics & Concept of Temperature, Concept of
Work & Heat, State Functions, First Law of Thermodynamics and its differential form, Internal Energy, First Law & various processes, Applications of First Law: General Relation between CP and CV, Work
Done during Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes, Compressibility and Expansion Co-efficient.
(4 L) Second Law of Thermodynamics:
Reversible and Irreversible process with examples. Conversion of Work into Heat and Heat into Work.
Heat Engines. Carnot’s Cycle, Carnot engine & efficiency. Refrigerator & coefficient of performance, 2nd Law of Thermodynamics: Kelvin-Planck and Clausius Statements and their Equivalence. Carnot’s Theorem. Applications of Second Law of Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic Scale of Temperature and
its Equivalence to Perfect Gas Scale. (4 L)
Entropy: Concept of Entropy, Clausius Theorem. Clausius Inequality, Second Law of Thermodynamics in terms of
Entropy. Entropy of a perfect gas. Principle of Increase of Entropy. Entropy Changes in Reversible and
Irreversible processes with examples. Entropy of the Universe. Entropy Changes in Reversible and
Irreversible Processes. Principle of Increase of Entropy. Temperature Entropy diagrams for Carnot’s Cycle. Third Law of Thermodynamics. Unattainability of Absolute Zero.
(6 L)
Thermodynamic Potentials:
Extensive and Intensive Thermodynamic Variables. Thermodynamic Potentials: Internal Energy,
Enthalpy, Helmholtz Free Energy, Gibb’s Free Energy. Their Definitions, Properties and Applications. Surface Films and Variation of Surface Tension with Temperature. Magnetic Work, Cooling due to adiabatic demagnetization, First and second order Phase Transitions with examples, Clausius Clapeyron
Equation and Ehrenfest equations
(12 L) Maxwell’s Thermodynamic Relations:
Derivations and applications of Maxwell’s Relations, Maxwell’s Relations (1) Clausius Clapeyron equation, (2) Values of Cp-Cv, (3) TdS Equations, (4) Joule-Kelvin coefficient for Ideal and Van der
Waal Gases, (5) Energy equations, (6) Change of Temperature during Adiabatic Process.
(6 L)
List of Books:
1. Thermal Physics, Roy and Gupta 2. Heat and Thermodynamics, M.W. Zemansky, Richard Dittman, 1981, McGraw-Hill.
3. A Treatise on Heat, Meghnad Saha, and B.N.Srivastava, 1958, Indian Press
4. Thermal Physics, S. Garg, R. Bansal and Ghosh, 2nd Edition, 1993, Tata McGraw-Hill 5. Modern Thermodynamics with Statistical Mechanics, Carl S. Helrich, 2009, Springer.
6. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory & Statistical Thermodynamics, Sears & Salinger. 1988, Narosa.
7. Concepts in Thermal Physics, S.J. Blundell and K.M. Blundell, 2nd Ed., 2012, Oxford University Press
Paper Code:
Paper Name: E M Theory I
Electrostatics and Magnetostatics:
Electric field and Potential: Electrostatic Field and Potential. Laplace’s and Poisson equations and their
application. The Uniqueness Theorem. Superposition theorem (statement only). Application of Laplace’s equation to simple cases of symmetric spherical charge distribution.
(8 L)
Electric Dipole and Multipole expansion: Potential and field due to a dipole; work done in deflecting a
dipole; dipole-dipole interaction (for both electric and magnetic dipoles); force on dipole in an inhomogeneous field. Multipole expansion for a given charge distribution.
(4 L)
Electrostatic energy of system of charges. Electrostatic energy of a charged sphere. Conductors in an electrostatic Field. Surface charge and force on a conductor. Capacitance of a system of charged
conductors. Parallel-plate capacitor. Capacitance of an isolated conductor. Dielectrics, introduction,
capacitance in presence of a dielectric. Gauss’ Law in presence of dielectrics, free charge and bound charge, Polarization Vector. Electrostatic energy density in presence of a dielectric.
(6 L)
Method of Images and its application to: (1) Plane Infinite Sheet and (2) Sphere.
(6 L) Dielectric Properties of Matter: Electric Field in matter. Polarization, Polarization Charges. Electrical
Susceptibility and Dielectric Constant. Capacitor (parallel plate, spherical, cylindrical) filled with
dielectric. Displacement vector D. Relations between E, P and D. Gauss’ Law in dielectrics.
(8 L)
Magnetostatics: Lorentz force and concept of magnetic field; magnetic force on linear current element;
Biot-Savart’s law, . 0B ; calculation of vector potential and magnetic induction in simple cases,
magnetic field due to small current loop; magnetic dipole; field due to a dipole; magnetic shell; Ampere’s theorem; force between long parallel current carrying conductors, 0B J , comparison between
static electric and magnetic fields. Magnetic Scalar and Vector Potentials.
Motion of Charged Particles in Electro-magnetic field: Motion of a charged particle in external Electric
and Magnetic field (when velocity is perpendicular to the Magnetic field/not perpendicular to the
magnetic field), Crossed Electric and Magnetic field. Basic principles of J. J. Thompson’s Experiment. (6L)
Current Electricity:
Steady current: Ohm’s law – Differential form, Kirchhoff’s Law; Wheatstone bridge – its sensitivity
(qualitative discussion only).
(4 L) Network Theorems: Ideal Constant-voltage and Constant-current Sources. Thevenin theorem, Norton
theorem, Superposition theorem, Reciprocity theorem, Maximum Power Transfer theorem. Applications
to dc circuits.T and π networks. (8 L)
Transients in D.C.: Growth and decay of current-charging and discharging of capacitors in L-R, C-R, and
L-C-R circuits; oscillatory discharge; time constant; energy stored in an inductance.
(6 L) Alternating current: L-R, C-R, and L-C-R circuits in sinusoidal e.m.f.; application of imaginary operator;
phase diagram; power; power factor; resonance in series and parallel circuits; Q-factor; filter selectivity;
elementary theory of transformer. A.C. bridge – principle of generalized A.C. bridge; Anderson bridge. Theory of rotating magnetic field – induction motor.
(8 L)
List of Books:
1. Electricity and Magnetism, Rakshit and Chattopadhyay, New Age Publisher 2. Foundations of Electricity and Magnetism, B. Ghosh
3. Electricity and Magnetism, D. C. Tayal, S. Chand Publisher
4. Electricity and Magnetism, Edward M. Purcell, 1986 McGraw-Hill Education 5. Introduction to Electrodynamics, D.J. Griffiths, 3rd Edn., 1998, Benjamin Cummings.
6. Feynman Lectures Vol.2, R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton, M. Sands, 2008, Pearson Education
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Thermal Physics Lab
List of Experiments:
1. To estimate the temperature of a torch bulb filament from resistance measurement and to verify
Stefan’s law. 2. Determination of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor of heat by Lee’s and Charlton’s
method.
3. To determine the Temperature Coefficient of Resistance by Platinum Resistance Thermometer
(PRT).
4. Determination of thermoelectric power at a certain temperature of the given thermocouple.
5. To calibrate a thermocouple to measure temperature in a specified Range using(1) Null Method,
(2) Direct measurement using Op-Amp difference amplifier and to determine Neutral Temperature.
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Current Electricity Lab
List of Experiments:
1. Use a Multimeter for measuring (a) Resistances, (b) AC and DC Voltages, (c) DC Current, (d)
Capacitances and (e) Checking electrical fuses.
2. To measure the resistance per unit length of the wire of a bridge and to determine an unknown
resistance by Carey Fosters bridge.
3. To measure the current flowing in a circuit by measuring the drop of potential across a known
resistance in the circuit using a potentiometer (by measuring the resistance of the potentiometer with a P.O. Box).
4. To verify the Thevenin and Norton theorems.
5. To verify the Superposition, and Maximum power transfer theorems.
6. To study the characteristics of a series RC Circuit. 7. To study response curve of a Series LCR circuit and determine its (a) Resonant frequency, (b)
Impedance at resonance, (c) Quality factor Q, and (d) Band width.
8. To study the response curve of a parallel LCR circuit and determine its (a) Anti-resonant
frequency and (b) Quality factor Q.
9. To determine self-inductance of a coil by Anderson’s bridge. _____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________
Semester : IV
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Wave and optics
Wave :
Oscillations: Simple Harmonic Oscillations. Differential equation of SHM and its solution. Kinetic energy, potential energy, total energy and their time-average values. Damped oscillation. Forced
oscillations: Transient and steady states; Resonance, sharpness of resonance; power dissipation and
Quality Factor. (5L)
Superposition of Collinear Harmonic oscillations: Linearity and Superposition Principle. Superposition of
two collinear oscillations having (1) equal frequencies and (2) different frequencies (Beats).
Superposition of N collinear Harmonic Oscillations with (1) equal phase differences and (2) equal
frequency differences.
Superposition of two perpendicular Harmonic Oscillations: Graphical and Analytical Methods. Lissajous
Figures (1:1 and 1:2) and their uses. (5L) Wave Motion: Plane and Spherical Waves. Longitudinal and Transverse Waves. Plane Progressive
(Travelling) Waves. Wave Equation. Particle and Wave Velocities. Differential Equation. Pressure of a
Longitudinal Wave. Energy Transport. Intensity of Wave. Water Waves: Ripple and Gravity Waves. (5L)
Velocity of Waves: Velocity of Transverse Vibrations of Stretched Strings. Velocity of Longitudinal
Waves in a Fluid in a Pipe. Newton’s Formula for Velocity of Sound. Laplace’s Correction. (5L)
Superposition of Two Harmonic Waves: Standing (Stationary) Waves in a String: Fixed and Free Ends. Analytical Treatment. Phase and Group Velocities. Changes with respect to Position and Time. Energy of
Vibrating String. Transfer of Energy. Normal Modes of Stretched Strings. Plucked and Struck Strings.
Melde’s Experiment. Longitudinal Standing Waves and Normal Modes. Open and Closed Pipes. Superposition of N Harmonic Waves. (5L)
Optics:
Wave Optics: Electromagnetic nature of light. Definition and properties of wave front. Huygens Principle.
Temporal and Spatial Coherence. (3L)
Interference: Division of amplitude and wave front. Young’s double slit experiment. Lloyd’s Mirror and Fresnel’s Bi-prism. Phase change on reflection: Stokes’ treatment. Interference in Thin Films: parallel and wedge-shaped films. Fringes of equal inclination (Haidinger Fringes); Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau
Fringes). Newton’s Rings: Measurement of wavelength and refractive index. Interferometer: Michelson Interferometer-(1) Idea of form of fringes (No theory required), (2) Determination of Wavelength, (3)
Wavelength Difference, (4) Refractive Index, and (5) Visibility of Fringes. Fabry-Perot interferometer.
(8L)
Diffraction: Kirchhoff’s Integral Theorem, Fresnel-Kirchhoff’s Integral formula and its application to rectangular slit. Fraunhofer diffraction: Single slit. Circular aperture, Resolving Power of a telescope.
Double slit. Multiple slits. Diffraction grating. Resolving power of grating. Fresnel Diffraction: Fresnel’s Assumptions. Fresnel’s Half-Period Zones for Plane Wave. Explanation of Rectilinear Propagation of
Light. Theory of a Zone Plate: Multiple Foci of a Zone Plate. Fresnel’s Integral, Fresnel diffraction pattern of a straight edge, a slit and a wire. (10L)
Polarisation: Different states of polarisation; double refraction (Explanation from Electromagnetic
theory), Huygen’s construction for uniaxial crystals; polaroid and their uses. Production and analysis of plane, circularly and elliptically polarised light by retardation plates and rotatory polarisation and optical
activity; Fresnel’s explanation of optical activity; Bi-quartz and half shade polarimeter.
(8L)
List of Books:
1. Waves: Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 3, Francis Crawford, 2007, Tata McGraw-Hill.
2. Fundamentals of Optics, F.A. Jenkins and H.E. White, 1981, McGraw-Hill
3. Principles of Optics, Max Born and Emil Wolf, 7th Edn., 1999, Pergamon Press.
4. Optics, Ajoy Ghatak, 2008, Tata McGraw Hill 5. The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, H. J. Pain, 2013, John Wiley and Sons.
6. The Physics of Waves and Oscillations, N.K. Bajaj, 1998, Tata McGraw Hill.
7. Optics, B. Ghosh
Paper Code:
Paper Name: E M Theory II
Module 1
Field and magnetic materials: Free current and bound current; surface and volume density of current
distribution; magnetisation; non-uniform magnetisation of matter; bM J ; Ampere’s law in terms of
free current density and introduction of H; line integral of H in terms of free current; boundary conditions for B and H; permanently magnetized body; magnetic scalar potential; application of Laplace’s equation to the problem of a magnetic sphere in uniform magnetic field; hysteresis and energy loss in
ferromagnetic material; magnetic circuit; energy stored in magnetic field.
(12L) Electromagnetic induction: Faraday’s and Lenz’s law; motional e.m.f-simple problems; calculation of self
and mutual inductance in simple cases; inductances in series and parallel; reciprocity theorem.
(6L)
Module 2
Maxwell Equations: Review of Maxwell’s equations. Displacement Current. Vector and Scalar Potentials. Gauge Transformations: Lorentz and Coulomb Gauge. Boundary Conditions at Interface between
Different Media. Wave Equations. Plane Waves in Dielectric Media. Poynting Theorem and Poynting
Vector. Electromagnetic (EM) Energy Density. Physical Concept of Electromagnetic Field Energy Density, Momentum Density and Angular Momentum Density.
(10L)
EM Wave Propagation in Unbounded Media: Plane EM waves through vacuum and isotropic dielectric medium, transverse nature of plane EM waves, refractive index and dielectric constant, wave impedance.
Propagation through conducting media, relaxation time, skin depth. Wave propagation through dilute
plasma, electrical conductivity of ionized gases, plasma frequency, refractive index, skin depth, application to propagation through ionosphere.
(10L)
EM Wave in Bounded Media: Boundary conditions at a plane interface between two media. Reflection & Refraction of plane waves at plane interface between two dielectric media-Laws of Reflection &
Refraction. Fresnel’s Formulae for perpendicular & parallel polarization cases, Brewster’s law. Reflection
& Transmission coefficients. Total internal reflection, evanescent waves. Metallic reflection (normal
Incidence) (8L)
Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves: Description of Linear, Circular and Elliptical Polarization.
Propagation of E.M. Waves in Anisotropic Media. Symmetric Nature of Dielectric Tensor. Fresnel’s Formula. Uniaxial and Biaxial Crystals. Light Propagation in Uniaxial Crystal. Double Refraction.
Polarization by Double Refraction. Nicol Prism. Ordinary & extraordinary refractive indices. Production
& detection of Plane, Circularly and Elliptically Polarized Light. Phase Retardation Plates: Quarter-Wave and Half-Wave Plates. Babinet Compensator and its Uses. Analysis of Polarized Light
(10L)
Rotatory Polarization: Optical Rotation. Biot’s Laws for Rotatory Polarization. Fresnel’s Theory of optical rotation. Calculation of angle of rotation. Experimental verification of Fresnel’s theory. Specific rotation. Laurent’s half-shade polarimeter.
(4L)
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Analog and Digital Electronics
Digital Electronics: Data processing circuits: Basic idea of Multiplexers, De-multiplexers, Decoders, Encoders. Arithmetic
Circuits: Binary Addition. Binary Subtraction using 2's Complement. Half and Full Adders. Half & Full
Subtractors, 4-bit binary Adder/Subtractor. (6L)
Amplifiers: Transistor Biasing and Stabilization Circuits. Fixed Bias and Voltage Divider Bias. Transistor as 2-port Network. H-parameter Equivalent Circuit. Analysis of a single-stage CE amplifier using Hybrid Model.
Input and Output Impedance. Current, Voltage and Power Gains. Classification of Class A, B, AB & C
Amplifiers, Push-pull amplifier, Darlington pair, RC-coupled amplifier and its frequency response. (6L)
Feedback in Amplifiers: Effects of Positive and Negative Feedback on Input Impedance, Output
Impedance, Gain, Stability, Distortion and Noise. (4L)
Operational Amplifiers (Black Box approach):
Characteristics of an Ideal and Practical Op-Amp. (IC 741) Open-loop and Closed-loop Gain. Frequency Response. CMRR. Slew Rate and concept of Virtual ground. Application of Op-Amp;
(1) Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, (2) Adder, (3) Subtractor, (4) Differentiator, (5) Integrator, (6)
Log amplifier, (7) Zero crossing detector. (10L)
Introduction to CRO:
Block Diagram of CRO. Electron Gun, Deflection System and Time Base. Deflection Sensitivity. Applications of CRO: (1) Study of Waveform, (2) Measurement of Voltage, Current, Frequency, and
Phase Difference.
(3L)
Sinusoidal Oscillators: Barkhausen's Criterion for self-sustained oscillations. RC Phase shift oscillator, determination of
Frequency. Wein-bridge oscillator, Hartley &Colpitts oscillators. (2L)
Digital Electronics:
Data processing circuits: Basic idea of Multiplexers, De-multiplexers, Decoders, Encoders. Arithmetic
Circuits: Binary Addition. Binary Subtraction using 2's Complement. Half and Full Adders. Half & Full Subtractors, 4-bit binary Adder/Subtractor.
(6L)
Flip Flop: Sequential Circuits: SR, D, and JK Flip-Flops. Clocked (Level and Edge Triggered), Flip-Flops. Preset and Clear operations. Race-around conditions in JK Flip-Flop. M/S JK Flip-Flop.
(8L)
Integrated Circuits (Qualitative treatment only): Active & Passive components. Discrete components.
Wafer. Chip. Advantages and drawbacks of ICs. Scale of integration: SSI, MSI, LSI and VLSI (basic idea and definitions only). Classification of ICs. Examples of Linear and Digital ICs
(6L)
Computer Organization: Input/output Devices. Data storage (idea of RAM and ROM).Computer memory. Memory organization & addressing. Memory Interfacing. Memory Map.
(8L)
Intel 8085 Microprocessor Architecture (Qualitative idea only): Main features of 8085. Block diagram. Components. Pin-out diagram. Buses. Registers. ALU. Memory. Stack memory. Timing &
Control circuitry. Timing states. Instruction cycle, Timing diagram of MOV and MVI.
(8L)
List of Books: 1. Digital Principles and Applications, A.P. Malvino, D.P.Leach and Saha, 7th Ed., 2011, Tata McGraw
2. Fundamentals of Digital Circuits, Anand Kumar, 2nd Edn, 2009, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
3. Digital Circuits and systems, Venugopal, 2011, Tata McGraw Hill. 4. Digital Systems: Principles & Applications, R.J.Tocci, N.S.Widmer, 2001, PHI Learning
5. Logic circuit design, Shimon P. Vingron, 2012, Springer.
6. Digital Electronics, Subrata Ghoshal, 2012, Cengage Learning.
7. Microprocessor Architecture Programming & applications with 8085, 2002, R.S. Goankar, Prentice Hall.
8. Integrated Electronics, J. Millman and C.C. Halkias, 1991, Tata Mc-Graw Hill.
9. Electronics: Fundamentals and Applications, J.D. Ryder, 2004, Prentice Hall. 10. Solid State Electronic Devices, B. G. Streetman & S. K. Banerjee, 6th Edn.,2009, PHI Learning
11. Electronic Devices & circuits, S. Salivahanan & N. S. Kumar, 3rd Ed., 2012, Tata Mc-Graw Hill
12. OP-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuit, R. A. Gayakwad, 4th edition, 2000, Prentice Hall 13. Electronic circuits: Handbook of design & applications, U. Tietze, C.Schenk,2008, Springer
14. Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology, S.M. Sze, 2nd Ed., 2002, Wiley India
15. Electronic Devices, 7/e Thomas L. Floyd, 2008, Pearson India
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Modern Physics
Module 1:
Particle aspect of radiation, Blackbody Radiation, Failure of classical theories (Wien’s law, Rayleigh-
Jean’s Law), Planck’s quantum theory, Stefan-Boltzmann Law, Wien’s displacement law; Photo-electric effect and Compton scattering. De Broglie wavelength and matter waves; Davisson-Germer experiment.
(8L)
Wave aspect of particles, Wave packets. Group and Phase velocities and relation between them. Two-Slit
experiment with electrons. (4L)
De Broglie’s Hypothesis, Matter waves, Wave-particle duality, Indeterministic nature of microphysical
world, Heisenberg uncertainty principle (Uncertainty relations involving Canonical pair of variables), Estimating minimum energy of a confined particle using uncertainty principle; Energy-time uncertainty
principle- application to virtual particles and range of an interaction. Probabilistic interpretation.
(8L) Two slit interference experiment with photons, atoms and particles; linear superposition principle as a
consequence; Matter wave.
(4L)
Rutherford’s planetary model of an atom (1L)
Radioactivity: stability of the nucleus; Law of radioactive decay; Mean life and half-life; Alpha decay;
Beta decay- energy released, spectrum and Pauli's prediction of neutrino; Gamma ray emission, energy-momentum conservation: electron-positron pair creation by gamma photons in the vicinity of a nucleus.
(8L)
Module 2:
Wave Guides: Planar optical wave guides. Planar dielectric wave guide. Condition of continuity at
interface. Phase shift on total reflection. Eigenvalue equations. Phase and group velocity of guided waves.
Field energy and Power transmission. (4L)
LASER: Principle of Laser action, Population Inversion, Einstein’s A and B coefficients, feedback of energy in a resonator,3 level and 4 level systems, Helium-Neon and Semiconductor Lasers. Application of Laser. Principle of holography (basic principle), isotope separation. Precision measurements
(frequency and distance)
(6L)
Fibre Optics: Optical fibre, core and cladding, total internal reflection, optical fibre as waveguide, step index and graded index fibre, communication through optical fibres, energy loss, band width and channel
capacity for a typical system, attenuation and dispersion, splicing and couplers, Fibre optic sensors.
(6L)
List of Books: 1. Introduction to Electrodynamics, D.J. Griffiths, 3rd Ed., 1998, Benjamin Cummings.
2. Elements of Electromagnetics, M.N.O. Sadiku, 2001, Oxford University Press.
3. Introduction to Electromagnetic Theory, T.L. Chow, 2006, Jones & Bartlett Learning
4. Fundamentals of Electromagnetics, M.A.W. Miah, 1982, Tata McGraw Hill
5. Electromagnetic field Theory, R.S. Kshetrimayun, 2012, Cengage Learning
6. Electromagnetic Field Theory for Engineers & Physicists, G. Lehner, 2010, Springer
7. Electromagnetic Fields & Waves, P.Lorrain & D.Corson, 1970, W.H.Freeman & Co.
8. Electromagnetics, J.A. Edminster, Schaum Series, 2006, Tata McGraw Hill. 9. Electromagnetic field theory fundamentals, B. Guru and H. Hiziroglu, 2004, Cambridge University
Press
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Practical III (Optics and Electromagnetism Lab)
List of Experiments:
1. Determination of wavelength of a light by LASER diffraction method.
2. To determine the wavelength of H-alpha emission line of Hydrogen atom.
3. Adjustment of the Spectrometer for parallel rays by Schuster’s method and to determine the refractive
index of the material of a prism by spectrometer from ( i-δ ) curve.
4. To determine the wavelength of a monochromatic light by Newton's ring method.
5. Measurement of the slit width and the separation between the slits of a single and /or double slit by
observing the diffraction and interference fringes.
6. To find the number of lines per centimetre of the transmission grating and hence to measure the
wavelength of an unknown spectral line and to measure the wavelength difference between D1 and D2
lines of sodium using a slit of adjustable width. To determine dispersive power and resolving power of a
plane diffraction grating.
7. To study Lissajous Figures.
8. To find the fringe width of the interference pattern produced by Fresnel Biprism and to determine the
wavelength of monochromatic source of light.
9. To study the variation of mutual inductance of a given pair of co-axial coils by using a ballistic galvanometer.
10. Measurement of field strength B and its variation in a solenoid (determine dB/dx)
11. To study the nature of dependence of dipolar field of a short bar magnet on distance with the help of a
Deflection and / Oscillation magnetometer and to determine the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field.
12. To study polarization properties of light and verify the Malu’s Law using Laser source.
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Analog and Digital Electronics Lab
List of Experiments:
1. To study V-I characteristics of PN junction diode, and Light emitting diode.
2. To study the V-I characteristics of a Zener diode and its use as voltage regulator.
3. Study of V-I & power curves of solar cells, and find maximum power point & efficiency.
4. To study the characteristics of a Bipolar Junction Transistor in CE configuration. 5. To study the various biasing configurations of BJT for normal class A operation.
6. To design a CE transistor amplifier of a given gain (mid-gain) using voltage divider bias.
7. To study the frequency response of voltage gain of a RC-coupled transistor amplifier. 8. To measure (a) Voltage, and (b) Time period of a periodic waveform using CRO.
To design a switch (NOT gate) using a transistor.
9. To verify and design AND, OR, NOT and XOR gates using NAND gates.
10. To design a combinational logic system for a specified Truth Table.
11. Half Adder, Full Adder and 4-bit binary Adder.
12. Half Subtractor, Full Subtractor, Adder-Subtractor using Full Adder I.C.
13. To design a Wien bridge oscillator for given frequency using an op-amp. 14. To convert a Boolean expression into logic circuit and design it using logic gate ICs.
15. To minimize a given logic circuit.
16. Half Adder, Full Adder and 4-bit binary Adder. 17. Half Subtractor, Full Subtractor, Adder-Subtractor using Full Adder I.C.
18. Write the following programs using 8085 Microprocessor
a) Addition and subtraction of numbers using direct addressing mode
b) Addition and subtraction of numbers using indirect addressing mode
c) Multiplication by repeated addition.
d) Division by repeated subtraction.
e) Handling of 16-bit Numbers.
f) Use of CALL and RETURN Instruction.
g) Block data handling.
h) Other programs (e.g. Parity Check, using interrupts, etc.).
19. To design a Wien bridge oscillator for given frequency using an op-amp.
a. To design and test the following circuits using an OPAMP
b. Inverting and non-inverting amplifier c. Differential amplifier
d. Schmitt trigger
e. Integrator
f. Differentiator.
20. To design a digital to analog converter (DAC) of given specifications.
21. To study the analog to digital convertor (ADC) IC. _________________________________________________________________________
3rd Year
Semester : V
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Quantum Mechanics I
Time dependent Schrodinger equation: Time dependent Schrodinger equation and dynamical evolution
of a quantum state; Properties of Wave Function. Interpretation of Wave Function Probability and
probability current densities in three dimensions; Conditions for Physical Acceptability of Wave Functions. Normalization. Linearity and Superposition Principles. Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions.
Position, momentum and Energy operators; commutator of position and momentum operators;
Expectation values of position and momentum. Wave Function of a Free Particle. (8L)
Time independent Schrodinger equation: Hamiltonian, stationary states and energy Eigen values;
expansion of an arbitrary wave function as a linear combination of energy Eigen functions; General solution of the time dependent Schrodinger equation in terms of linear combinations of stationary states;
Application to spread of Gaussian wave-packet for a free particle in one dimension; wave packets, Fourier
transforms and momentum space wave function; Position-momentum uncertainty principle.
(6L) General discussion of bound states in an arbitrary potential: Continuity of wave function, boundary
condition and emergence of discrete energy levels; application to one-dimensional problem, free particle,
step potential, Potential barrier, Infinite square well potential, function potential well and barriers,
Quantum mechanics of simple harmonic oscillator-energy levels and energy Eigen functions using
Frobenius method; Hermite polynomials; ground state, zero point energy & uncertainty principle.
(8L) Quantum theory of hydrogen-like atoms: Time independent Schrodinger equation in spherical polar
coordinates; separation of variables for second order partial differential equation; angular momentum
operator & quantum numbers; Radial wave functions from Frobenius method; shapes of the probability densities for ground & first excited states; Orbital angular momentum quantum numbers l and m; s, p, d,..
shells.
(8L) Atoms in Electric & Magnetic Fields: Electron angular momentum. Space quantization. Electron Spin
and Spin Angular Momentum. Larmor’s Theorem. Spin Magnetic Moment. Stern-Gerlach Experiment.
Zeeman Effect: Electron Magnetic Moment and Magnetic Energy, Gyro magnetic Ratio and Bohr
Magneton. (6L)
Atoms in External Magnetic Fields: Normal and Anomalous Zeeman Effect. Paschen Back and Stark
Effect (Qualitative Discussion only). (6L)
Many electron atoms: Atomic States. Total angular momentum. Vector Model. Spin-orbit coupling in
atoms, L-S and J-J couplings. Hund’s Rule. Term symbols. Spectra of Hydrogen and Alkali Atoms (Na etc.).
(6L)
Mathematical Formulation of Quantum Mechanics: Idea of Hilbert space and Wave functions, Operators, introduction to bra-ket formulation, Representation of operators in discrete bases (Matrix representation), unitary transformations, Representation in
continuous bases (Position and Momentum representation), Parity operator, Matrix mechanics and Wave
mechanics. (10L)
One dimensional harmonic oscillator by Operator Method. (8L)
List of Books: 1. Concepts of Modern Physics, Arthur Beiser, 2002, McGraw-Hill.
2. Introduction to Modern Physics, Rich Meyer, Kennard, Coop, 2002, Tata McGraw Hill 3. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, David J. Griffith, 2005, Pearson Education.
4. Physics for scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Jewett and Serway, 2010, Cengage
Learning. 5. Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and Particles, 2ed. 2006, Robert Eisberg, Robert
Resnick
6. Quantum Mechanics, Leonard I. Schiff, 3rd Edn. 2010, Tata McGraw Hill. 7. Quantum Mechanics, G. Aruldhas, 2nd Edn. 2002, PHI Learning of India.
8. Quantum Mechanics, Bruce Cameron Reed, 2008, Jones and Bartlett Learning.
9. Quantum Mechanics: Foundations & Applications, Arno Bohm, 3rd Edn., 1993, Springer
10. Quantum Mechanics for Scientists & Engineers, D.A.B. Miller, 2008, Cambridge University Press 11. Quantum Mechanics, Nouredine Zettili, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Statistical Mechanics I
Introduction:
Objective of statistical mechanics. Macrostates and microstates, phase space and statistical ensembles.
Ergodic hypothesis, postulate of equal a priori probability (PEAP) and equality of ensemble average and time average. Boltzmann's postulate of entropy. Counting the number of microstates in phase space.
Liouville's Theorem. Ensembles.
(6L)
Micro-canonical Ensemble: Description, Probability distribution function, Different properties, Thermal and Mechanical interaction,
Equation of state, Entropy of a classical ideal gas, Gibb’s paradox, spin- 1
2particles in an external
magnetic field.
(8L)
Canonical Ensemble: System in contact with a heat reservoir, expression of entropy, canonical partition function, Equation of
State, Average energy, Magnetization of spin- 1
2particles in an external magnetic field. Helmholtz free
energy, fluctuation of internal energy. Elementary ideas about Grand Canonical Ensemble.
(8L)
Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics: Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Law, Partition Function, Thermodynamic Functions of an Ideal Gas,
Classical Entropy Expression, Gibbs Paradox, Sackur Tetrode equation, Law of Equipartition of Energy
(with proof), Applications to Specific Heat and its Limitations, Thermodynamic Functions of a Two-
Energy Levels System, Negative Temperature. (15L)
Bose-Einstein Statistics: B-E distribution law, Thermodynamic functions of a strongly Degenerate Bose Gas, Bose Einstein
condensation (qualitative discussion only), properties of liquid He (qualitative description), Radiation as a
photon gas and Thermodynamic functions of photon gas. Bose derivation of Planck’s law. (10L)
Fermi-Dirac Statistics: Fermi-Dirac Distribution Law, Thermodynamic functions of a Completely and strongly Degenerate Fermi Gas, Fermi Energy, Electron gas in a Metal, Specific Heat of Metals,
Relativistic Fermi gas, White Dwarf Stars, Chandrasekhar Mass Limit.
(10L)
List of Books: 1. Concepts of Modern Physics, Arthur Beiser, 2002, McGraw-Hill.
2. Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and Particles, 2ed. 2006, Robert Eisberg, Robert Resnick
3. Statistical Mechanics, R.K. Pathria, Butterworth Heinemann: 2nd Ed., 1996, Oxford University Press.
4. Statistical Physics, Berkeley Physics Course, F. Reif, 2008, Tata McGraw-Hill 5. Statistical and Thermal Physics, S. Lokanathan and R.S. Gambhir. 1991, Prentice Hall
6. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics, Francis W. Sears and Gerhard L.
Salinger, 1986, Narosa.
7. Modern Thermodynamics with Statistical Mechanics, Carl S. Helrich, 2009, Springer 8. An Introduction to Statistical Mechanics & Thermodynamics, R.H. Swendsen, 2012, Oxford Univ.
Press
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Solid State Physics I
Free Electron Theory and elementary band theory:
Free Electron Gas, Electrical and Thermal conductivity, Electronic Specific Heat, Sommerfeld’s correction, Kronig Penny model. Band Gap. Conductor, Semiconductor (P and N type) and insulator. Conductivity of Semiconductor, mobility, Hall Effect. Measurement of conductivity (4 probe method) &
Hall coefficient.
(8L)
Crystal Structure: Solids: Amorphous and Crystalline Materials. Lattice Translation Vectors. Lattice with a Basis Central
and Non-Central Elements. Unit Cell. Miller Indices. Reciprocal Lattice. Types of Lattices. Brillouin
Zones. Diffraction of X-rays by Crystals. Bragg’s Law. Atomic and Geometrical Factor. (10L)
Elementary Lattice Dynamics:
Lattice Vibrations and Phonons: Linear Monoatomic and Diatomic Chains. Acoustical and Optical
Phonons. Qualitative Description of the Phonon Spectrum in Solids. Dulong and Petit’s Law, Einstein and Debye theories of specific heat of solids.T3 law. (6L)
Magnetic Properties of Matter: Dia-, Para-, Ferri- and Ferromagnetic Materials. Classical Langevin Theory of dia and Paramagnetic
Domains. Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Paramagnetism. Curie’s law, Weiss’s Theory of Ferromagnetism and Ferromagnetic Domains. Discussion of B-H Curve. Hysteresis and Energy Loss.
(10L)
Dielectric Properties of Materials:
Polarization. Local Electric Field at an Atom. Depolarization Field. Electric Susceptibility. Polarizability.
Clausius Mosotti Equation. Classical Theory of Electric Polarizability. Normal and Anomalous Dispersion. Cauchy and Sellmeir relations. Langevin-Debye equation. Complex Dielectric Constant.
Optical Phenomena. Application: Plasma Oscillations, Plasma Frequency, Plasmons, TO modes.
(8L)
Ferroelectric Properties of Materials:
Structural phase transition, Classification of crystals, Piezoelectric effect, Pyroelectric effect, Ferroelectric
effect, Electro-strictive effect, Curie-Weiss Law, Ferroelectric domains, PE hysteresis loop.
(4L)
Superconductivity:
Experimental Results. Critical Temperature. Critical magnetic field. Meissner effect. Type I and type II
Superconductors, London’s Equation and Penetration Depth. Isotope effect. Idea of BCS theory (No derivation)
(6L)
List of Books: 1. Introduction to Solid State Physics, Charles Kittel, 8th Edition, 2004, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.
2. Elements of Solid State Physics, J.P. Srivastava, 2nd Edition, 2006, Prentice-Hall of India
3. Introduction to Solids, Leonid V. Azaroff, 2004, Tata Mc-Graw Hill
4. Solid State Physics, N.W. Ashcroft and N.D. Mermin, 1976, Cengage Learning 5. Solid-state Physics, H. Ibach and H. Luth, 2009, Springer
6. Elementary Solid State Physics, 1/e M. Ali Omar, 1999, Pearson India
7. Solid State Physics, M.A. Wahab, 2011, Narosa Publications
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Solid State Physics Lab
List of Experiments:
1. To determine the Hall coefficient of a semiconductor sample. 2. To measure the Dielectric Constant of a dielectric Materials with frequency.
3. To draw the BH curve of Fe using Solenoid & determine energy loss from Hysteresis.
4. To determine the temperature dependence of energy band-gap of a Ge semi-conductor.
5. To determine the refractive index of a dielectric layer using Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR).
Paper Type: DSE (Discipline Specific Elective)
Options: Experimental Techniques/ Embedded systems-Introduction to Microcontroller
Paper Name: Experimental Techniques
Paper Code:
Measurements:
Accuracy and precision. Significant figures. Error and uncertainty analysis. Types of errors: Gross error, systematic error, random error. Statistical analysis of data (Arithmetic mean, deviation from mean,
average deviation, standard deviation, chi-square) and curve fitting. Gaussian distribution.
(8L)
Signals and Systems:
Periodic and aperiodic signals. Impulse response, transfer function and frequency response of first and
second order systems. Fluctuations and Noise in measurement system. S/N ratio and Noise figure. Noise
in frequency domain. Sources of Noise: Inherent fluctuations, Thermal noise, Shot noise, 1/f noise (8L)
Shielding and Grounding: Methods of safety grounding. Energy coupling. Grounding. Shielding: Electrostatic shielding.
Electromagnetic Interference.
(6L)
Transducers & industrial instrumentation (working principle, efficiency, applications):
Static and dynamic characteristics of measurement Systems. Generalized performance of systems, Zero
order first order, second order and higher order systems. Electrical, Thermal and Mechanical systems. Calibration. Transducers and sensors. Characteristics of Transducers. Transducers as electrical element
and their signal conditioning. Temperature transducers: RTD, Thermistor, Thermocouples,
Semiconductor type temperature sensors (AD590, LM35, LM75) and signal conditioning. Linear Position transducer: Strain gauge, Piezoelectric. Inductance change transducer: Linear variable differential
transformer (LVDT), Capacitance change transducers. Radiation Sensors: Principle of Gas filled detector,
ionization chamber, scintillation detector.
(12L)
Digital Multimeter:
Comparison of analog and digital instruments. Block diagram of digital multimeter, principle of
measurement of I, V, C. Accuracy and resolution of measurement. (2L)
Impedance Bridges and Q-meter:
Block diagram and working principles of RLC bridge. Q-meter and its working operation. Digital LCR bridge.
(2L)
Vacuum Systems:
Characteristics of vacuum: Gas law, Mean free path. Application of vacuum. Vacuum system- Chamber, Mechanical pumps, Diffusion pump & Turbo Modular pump, Pumping speed, Pressure gauges (Pirani,
Penning, ionization).
(8L)
List of Books: 1. Measurement, Instrumentation and Experiment Design in Physics and Engineering, M. Sayer and A.
Mansingh, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2. Experimental Methods for Engineers, J.P. Holman, McGraw Hill
3. Introduction to Measurements and Instrumentation, A.K. Ghosh, 3rd Edition, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
4. Transducers and Instrumentation, D.V.S. Murty, 2nd Edition, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. 5. Instrumentation Devices and Systems, C.S. Rangan, G.R. Sarma, V.S.V. Mani, Tata Mc Graw Hill
6. Principles of Electronic Instrumentation, D. Patranabis, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
7. Electronic circuits: Handbook of design & applications, U.Tietze, Ch.Schenk, Springer
Paper Name: Embedded Systems-Introduction to Microcontroller
Paper Code:
Embedded system introduction:
Introduction to embedded systems and general purpose computer systems, architecture of embedded system, classifications, applications and purpose of embedded systems, challenges & design issues in
embedded systems, operational and non-operational quality attributes of embedded systems, elemental
description of embedded processors and microcontrollers. (6L)
Review of microprocessors: Organization of Microprocessor based system, 8085 p pin diagram and architecture, concept of data bus and address bus, 8085 programming model, instruction classification, subroutines, stacks and its
implementation, delay subroutines, hardware and software interrupts.
(6L)
8051 microcontroller:
Introduction and block diagram of 8051 microcontroller, architecture of 8051, overview of 8051 family,
8051 assembly language programming, Program Counter and ROM memory map, Data types and directives, Flag bits and Program Status Word (PSW) register, Jump, loop and call instructions.
(6L)
8051 I/O port programming: Introduction of I/O port programming, pin out diagram of 8051 microcontroller, I/O port pins description
& their functions, I/O port programming 8051 (using assembly language), I/O programming: Bit
manipulation.
(6L) Programming:8051 addressing modes and accessing memory using various addressing modes, assembly
language instructions using each addressing mode, arithmetic and logic instructions, 8051 programming
in C: for time delay & I/O operations and manipulation, for arithmetic and logic operations, for ASCII and BCD conversions.
(6L)
Timer and counter programming: Programming 8051 timers, counter programming. (4L)
Serial port programming with and without interrupt: Introduction to 8051 interrupts, programming
timer interrupts, programming external hardware interrupts and serial communication interrupt, interrupt
priority in the 8051. (6L)
Interfacing 8051 microcontroller to peripherals: Parallel and serial ADC, DAC interfacing, LCD
interfacing. (6L)
Programming Embedded Systems: Structure of embedded program, infinite loop, compiling, linking
and locating, downloading and debugging.
(6L)
Embedded system design and development: Embedded system development environment, file types
generated after cross compilation, disassembler/ decompiler, simulator, emulator and debugging, embedded product development life-cycle, trends in embedded industry.
(6L)
List of Books: 1. Embedded Systems: Architecture, Programming & Design, R.Kamal, 2008,Tata McGraw Hill
2. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Using Assembly and C, M. A. Mazidi, J.G. Mazidi,
and R.D. McKinley, 2nd Ed., 2007, Pearson Education India. 3. Embedded microcomputer system: Real time interfacing, J.W.Valvano, 2000, Brooks/Cole
4. Microcontrollers in practice, I. Susnea and M. Mitescu, 2005, Springer.
5. Embedded Systems: Design & applications, S.F. Barrett, 2008, Pearson Education India 6. Embedded Microcomputer systems: Real time interfacing, J.W. Valvano 2011,
Cengage Learning
Paper Name: Experimental Techniques Lab
Paper Code:
List of Experiments:
1. Determine output characteristics of a LVDT & measure displacement using LVDT
2. Measurement of Strain using Strain Gauge. 3. Measurement of level using capacitive transducer.
4. To study the characteristics of a Thermostat and determine its parameters.
5. Study of distance measurement using ultrasonic transducer.
6. Calibrate Semiconductor type temperature sensor (AD590, LM35, or LM75) 7. To measure the change in temperature of ambient using Resistance Temperature Device (RTD).
8. Create vacuum in a small chamber using a mechanical (rotary) pump and measure the chamber
pressure using a pressure gauge. 9. Comparison of pickup of noise in cables of different types (co-axial, single shielded, double shielded,
without shielding) of 2m length, understanding of importance of grounding using function generator of
mV level & an oscilloscope. 10. To design and study the Sample and Hold Circuit.
11. Design and analyze the Clippers and Clampers circuits using junction diode
12. To plot the frequency response of a microphone.
13. To measure Q of a coil and influence of frequency, using a Q-meter.
Paper Name: Microcontroller Lab
Paper Code: List of Experiments:
1. To find that the given numbers is prime or not.
2. To find the factorial of a number. 3. Write a program to make the two numbers equal by increasing the smallest number and decreasing the
largest number.
4. Use one of the four ports of 8051 for O/P interfaced to eight LED’s. Simulate binary counter (8 bit) on LED’s. 5. Program to glow the first four LEDs then next four using TIMER application.
6. Program to rotate the contents of the accumulator first right and then left.
7. Program to run a countdown from 9-0 in the seven segment LED display. 8. To interface seven segment LED display with 8051 microcontroller and display ‘HELP’ in the seven segment LED display.
9. To toggle ‘1234’ as ‘1324’ in the seven segment LED display. 10. Interface stepper motor with 8051 and write a program to move the motor through a given angle in clock wise or counter clockwise direction.
11. Application of embedded systems: Temperature measurement, some information on LCD display,
interfacing a keyboard.
Semester : VI
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Nano-Science and Technology
NANOSCALE SYSTEMS: Length scales in physics, Nanostructures: 1D, 2D and 3D nanostructures (nanodots, thin films, nanowires,
nanorods), Band structure and density of states of materials at nanoscale, Size Effects in nano systems,
Quantum confinement: Applications of Schrodinger equation- Infinite potential well, potential step, potential box, quantum confinement of carriers in 3D, 2D, 1D nanostructures and its consequences.
SYNTHESIS OF NANOSTRUCTURE MATERIALS:
Top down and Bottom up approach, Photolithography. Ball milling. Gas phase condensation. Vacuum
deposition. Physical vapor deposition (PVD): Thermal evaporation, E-beam evaporation, Pulsed Laser
deposition. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Sol-Gel. Electro deposition. Spray pyrolysis. Hydrothermal synthesis. Preparation through colloidal methods. MBE growth of quantum dots.
CHARACTERIZATION:
X-Ray Diffraction. Optical Microscopy. Scanning Electron Microscopy. Transmission Electron
Microscopy. Atomic Force Microscopy. Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (Elementary ideas).
OPTICAL PROPERTIES:
Coulomb interaction in nanostructures. Concept of dielectric constant for nanostructures and charging of nanostructure. Quasi-particles and excitons. Excitons in direct and indirect band gap semiconductor
nanocrystals. Quantitative treatment of quasi-particles and excitons, charging effects. Radiative processes:
General formalization-absorption, emission and luminescence. Optical properties of heterostrctures and nanostructures.
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Nuclear and Particle Physics I
General Properties of Nuclei: Constituents of nucleus and their Intrinsic properties, quantitative facts about mass, radii, charge density (matter density), binding energy, average binding energy and its variation with mass number, main
features of binding energy versus mass number curve, N/A plot, angular momentum, parity, magnetic
moment, electric moments, nuclear excites states. (6L)
Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model approach, semi empirical mass formula and significance of its various terms, condition of nuclear stability, two nucleon separation energies, Fermi gas model (degenerate fermion gas, nuclear
symmetry potential in Fermi gas), evidence for nuclear shell structure, nuclear magic numbers, basic
assumption of shell model, concept of mean field, residual interaction, concept of nuclear force.
(6L)
Radioactivity decay: (a) Alpha decay: basics of α-decay processes, theory of α-emission, Gamow factor, Geiger Nuttall law, α-
decay spectroscopy. (b) β-decay: energy kinematics for β-decay, positron emission, electron capture,
neutrino hypothesis. (c)Gamma decay: Gamma rays emission & kinematics, internal conversion.
(10L)
Nuclear Reactions:
Types of Reactions, Conservation Laws, kinematics of reactions, Q-value, reaction rate, reaction cross
section, Concept of compound and direct Reaction, resonance reaction, Coulomb scattering (Rutherford scattering).
(10L)
Detector for Nuclear Radiations: Gas detectors: estimation of electric field, mobility of particle, for ionization chamber and GM Counter.
Basic principle of Scintillation Detectors and construction of photo-multiplier tube (PMT).
Semiconductor Detectors (Si and Ge) for charge particle and photon detection (concept of charge carrier
and mobility), neutron detector. (10L)
Particle Accelerators:
Accelerator facility available in India: Van-de Graff generator (Tandem accelerator), Linear accelerator, Cyclotron, Synchrotrons.
(4L)
Particle Physics: Particle interactions; basic features, types of particles and its families. Symmetries and Conservation
Laws: energy and momentum, angular momentum, parity, baryon number, Lepton number, Isospin,
Strangeness and charm, concept of quark model, colour quantum number and gluons.
(12L)
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Modern Physics Lab
List of Experiments :
1. Measurement of Planck’s constant using photo cell. 2. Photo-electric effect: photo current versus intensity and wavelength of light; maximum energy of
photo-electrons versus frequency of light
3. To determine work function of material of filament of directly heated vacuum diode. 4. To determine the Planck’s constant using LEDs of at least 4 different colours. 5. To determine the value of e/m by J. J. Thompson method.
6. Determination of refractive index of a glass plate using Laser source based on Michelson interferometry technique.
7. To observe the diffraction pattern and calculate the slit width using Laser light.
8. i. Study of response characteristic of a solar-cell using Laser light.
ii. Study of V-I characteristic of a LDR. Also study the response characteristic of a LDR.
iii. Study of V-I characteristic and response characteristic of a phototransistor.
iv.To study the response characteristic of a photodiode.
v. To study response characteristic of an opto-coupler.
9. Determination of numerical aperture of an Optical fiber and Study the bending loss in an optical fiber.
Paper Type: DSE (Discipline Specific Elective)
Options: Advanced Mathematical Physics/ Classical Dynamics/ Applied
Dynamics/
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Paper Name: Advanced Mathematical Physics
Paper Code: Linear Algebra:
Vector Spaces: Vector Spaces over Fields of Real and Complex numbers. Examples. Vector space of
functions. Linear independence of vectors. Basis and dimension of a vector space. Change of basis. Subspace. Isomorphisms. Inner product and Norm. Inner product of functions: the weight function.
Triangle and Cauchy Schwartz Inequalities. Orthonormal bases. Sine and cosine functions in a Fourier
series as an orthonormal basis. Gram Schmidt orthogonalisation. (15L)
Linear Transformations:
Introduction. Identity and inverse. Singular and non-singular transformations. Representation of linear transformations by matrices. Similarity transformation. Linear operators. Differential operators as linear
operators on vector space of functions. Commutator of operators. Orthogonal and unitary operators and
their matrix representations. Adjoint of a linear operator. Hermitian operators and their matrix representation. Hermitian differential operators and boundary conditions. Examples. Eigenvalues and
eigenvectors of linear operators. Properties of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of Hermitian and unitary
operators. Functions of Hermitian operators/ matrices. (15L)
Tensors:
Tensors as multilinear transformations (functionals) on vectors. Examples: Moment of Inertia, dielectric susceptibility. Components of a tensor in basis. Symmetric and anti-symmetric tensors. The completely
anti-symmetric tensor. Non-orthonormal and reciprocal bases. Summation convention. Inner product of
vectors and the metric tensor. Coordinate systems and coordinate basis vectors. Reciprocal coordinate basis. Components of metric in a coordinate basis and association with infinitesimal distance. Change of
basis: relation between coordinate basis vectors. Change of tensor components under change of
coordinate system. Example: Inertial coordinates & bases in Minkowski space, Lorentz transformations as coordinate transformations, Electromagnetic tensor and change in its components under Lorentz
transformations.
(15L)
Calculus of Variations
Variational Principle: Euler’s Equation. Application to Simple Problems (shape of a soap film, Fermat’s Principle, etc.).Several Dependent Variables and Euler’s Equations. Example: Hamilton’s Principle and the Euler-Lagrange equations of motion. Geodesics: geodesic equation as a set of Euler’s equations. Constrained Variations: Variations with constraints. Applications: motion of a simple pendulum, particle
constrained to move on a hoop.
(10L)
List of Books: 1. Mathematical Tools for Physics, James Nearing, 2010, Dover Publications
2. Mathematical Methods for Physicists, G.B. Arfken, H.J. Weber, and F.E. Harris, 1970, Elsevier.
3. Introduction to Matrices and Linear Transformations, D.T. Finkbeiner, 1978, Dover Pub.
4. Linear Algebra, W. Cheney, E.W.Cheney & D.R.Kincaid, 2012, Jones & Bartlett Learning 5. Mathematics for Physicists, Susan M. Lea, 2004, Thomson Brooks/Cole
6. Mathematical Methods for Physicis & Engineers, K.F.Riley, M.P.Hobson, S.J.Bence, 3rd Ed., 2006,
Cambridge University Press
Paper Name: Classical Dynamics
Paper Code:
Classical Mechanics of Point Particles:
Generalised coordinates and velocities. Hamilton's Principle, Lagrangian and Euler-Lagrange equations.
Applications to simple systems such as coupled oscillators. Canonical momenta & Hamiltonian.
Hamilton's equations of motion. Applications: Hamiltonian for a harmonic oscillator, particle in a central force field. Poisson brackets. Canonical transformations.
(22 Lectures)
Special Theory of Relativity:
Postulates of Special Theory of Relativity. Lorentz Transformations. Minkowski space. The invariant
interval, light cone and world lines. Space-time diagrams. Time-dilation, length contraction & twin
paradox. Four-vectors: space-like, time-like & light-like. Four-velocity and acceleration. Metric and alternating tensors. Four-momentum and energy-momentum relation. Doppler effect from a four vector
perspective. Concept of four-force. Conservation of four-momentum. Relativistic kinematics. Application
to two-body decay of an unstable particle. The Electromagnetic field tensor and its transformation under
Lorentz transformations: relation to known transformation properties of E and B. Electric and magnetic fields due to a uniformly moving charge. Equation of motion of charged particle & Maxwell's equations
in tensor form. Motion of charged particles in external electric and magnetic fields.
(38 Lectures)
Electromagnetic radiation:
Review of retarded potentials. Potentials due to a moving charge, Lienard Wiechert potentials. Electric & Magnetic fields due to a moving charge, Power radiated, Larmor’s formula and its relativistic generalisation.
(15 Lectures)
Reference Books:
1. Classical Mechanics, H. Goldstein, C.P. Poole, J.L. Safko, 3rd Edn. 2002,Pearson Education.
2. Mechanics, L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, 1976, Pergamon.
3. Classical Electrodynamics, J.D. Jackson, 3rd Edn., 1998, Wiley. 4. The Classical Theory of Fields, L.D Landau, E.M Lifshitz, 4th Edn., 2003, Elsevier.
5. Introduction to Electrodynamics, D.J. Griffiths, 2012, Pearson Education.
6. Classical Mechanics: An introduction, Dieter Strauch, 2009, Springer.
7. Solved Problems in classical Mechanics, O.L. Delange and J. Pierrus, 2010, Oxford Press
Paper Name: Applied Dynamics
Paper Code:
Introduction to Dynamical systems:
Definition of a continuous first order dynamical system. The idea of phase space, flows and trajectories.
Simple mechanical systems as first order dynamical systems : the free particle, particle under uniform
gravity, simple and damped harmonic oscillator. Sketching flows and trajectories in phase space;
sketching variables as functions of time, relating the equations and pictures to the underlying physical intuition. Other examples of dynamical systems, In Biology: Population models e.g. exponential growth
and decay, logistic growth, species competition, predator-prey dynamics, simple genetic circuits In
Chemistry: Rate equations for chemical reactions e.g. auto catalysis, bi stability In Economics: Examples from game theory. Illustrative examples from other disciplines. Fixed points, attractors, stability of fixed
points, basin of attraction, notion of qualitative analysis of dynamical systems, with applications to the
above examples. Computing and visualizing trajectories on the computer using a software packages. Discrete dynamical systems. The logistic map as an example.
(18L)
Introduction to Chaos and Fractals:
Examples of 2-dimensional billiard, Projection of the trajectory on momentum space. Sinai Billiard and
its variants. Computational visualization of trajectories in the Sinai Billiard. Randomization and
ergodicity in the divergence of nearby phase space trajectories, and dependence of time scale of divergence on the size of obstacle. Electron motion in mesoscopic conductors as a chaotic billiard
problem. Other examples of chaotic systems; visualization of their trajectories on the computer. Self
similarity and fractal geometry: Fractals in nature – trees, coastlines, earthquakes, etc. Need for fractal dimension to describe self-similar structure. Deterministic fractal vs. Self-similar fractal structure.
Fractals in dynamics – Sierpinski gasket and DLA. Chaos in nonlinear finite-difference equations-
Logistic map: Dynamics from time series. Parameter dependence- steady, periodic and chaos states.
Cobweb iteration. Fixed points. Defining chaos- aperiodic, bounded, deterministic and sensitive dependence on initial conditions. Period- Doubling route to chaos. Nonlinear time series analysis and
chaos characterization: Detecting chaos from return map. Power spectrum, autocorrelation, Lyapunov
exponent, correlation dimension. (18L)
Elementary Fluid Dynamics:
Importance of fluids: Fluids in the pure sciences, fluids in technology. Study of fluids: Theoretical
approach, experimental fluid dynamics, computational fluid dynamics. Basic physics of fluids: The
continuum hypothesis concept of fluid element or fluid parcel; Definition of a fluid- shear stress; Fluid properties- viscosity, thermal conductivity, mass diffusivity, other fluid properties and equation of state;
Flow phenomena- flow dimensionality, steady and unsteady flows, uniform & non-uniform flows,
viscous & inviscid flows, incompressible & compressible flows, laminar and turbulent flows, rotational and irrotational flows, separated &unseparated flows. Flow visualization – streamlines, pathlines,
Streaklines.
(15L)
List of Books: 1. Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos, S.H. Strogatz, Levant Books, Kolkata, 2007
2. Understanding Nonlinear Dynamics, Daniel Kaplan and Leon Glass, Springer.
3. An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, G. K. Batchelor, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002
4. Fluid Mechanics, 2nd Edition, L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1987.
Paper Name: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Paper Code:
Astronomical Scales:
Astronomical Distance, Mass and Time, Scales, Brightness, Radiant Flux and Luminosity, Measurement of Astronomical Quantities Astronomical Distances, Stellar Radii, Masses of Stars, Stellar Temperature.
Basic concepts of positional astronomy:
Celestial Sphere, Geometry of a Sphere, Spherical Triangle, Astronomical Coordinate Systems, Geographical Coordinate Systems, Horizon System, Equatorial System, Diurnal Motion of the Stars,
Conversion of Coordinates. Measurement of Time, Sidereal Time, Apparent Solar Time, Mean Solar
Time, Equation of Time, Calendar. Basic Parameters of Stars: Determination of Distance by Parallax Method; Brightness, Radiant Flux and Luminosity, Apparent and Absolute magnitude scale, Distance
Modulus; Determination of Temperature and Radius of a star; Determination of Masses from Binary
orbits; Stellar Spectral Classification, Hertz sprung-Russell Diagram.
Astronomical techniques:
Basic Optical Definitions for Astronomy (Magnification Light Gathering Power, Resolving Power and
Diffraction Limit, Atmospheric Windows), Optical Telescopes (Types of Reflecting Telescopes, Telescope Mountings, Space Telescopes, Detectors and Their Use with Telescopes (Types of Detectors,
detection Limits with Telescopes).
Physical principles:
Gravitation in Astrophysics (Virial Theorem, Newton versus Einstein), Systems in Thermodynamic
Equilibrium, Theory of Radiative Transfer (Radiation Field, Radiative Transfer Equation), Optical Depth; Solution of Radiative Transfer Equation, Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium.
The sun (Solar Parameters, Solar Photosphere, Solar Atmosphere, Chromosphere. Corona, Solar
Activity, Basics of Solar Magneto-hydrodynamics. Helioseismology).
The solar family (Solar System: Facts and Figures, Origin of the Solar System: The Nebular Model,
Tidal Forces and Planetary Rings, Extra-Solar Planets.
Stellar spectra and classification Structure (Atomic Spectra Revisited. Stellar Spectra, Spectral Types
and Their Temperature Dependence, Black Body Approximation, H R Diagram, Luminosity
Classification)
Stellar structure:
Hydrostatic Equilibrium of a Star, Some Insight into a Star: Virial Theorem, Sources of Stellar Energy, Modes of Energy Transport, Simple Stellar Model, Polytropic Stellar Model.
Star formation: Basic composition of Interstellar medium, Interstellar Gas, Interstellar Dust, Formation of Protostar, Jeans criterion, Fragmentation of collapsing clouds, From protostar to Pre-Main Sequence,
Hayashi Line.
Nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution: Cosmic Abundances, Stellar Nucleo-synthesis, Evolution of Stars (Evolution on the Main Sequence, Evolution beyond the Main Sequence), Supernovae. Compact
stars: Basic Familiarity with Compact Stars, Equation of State and Degenerate Gas of Fermions, Theory
of White Dwarf, Chandrasekhar Limit, Neutron Star (Gravitational Red-shift of Neutron Star, Detection of Neutron Star: Pulsars), Black Hole. The milky way: Basic Structure and Properties of the Milky Way,
Nature of Rotation of the Milky Way (Differential Rotation of the Galaxy and Oort Constant, Rotation
Curve of the Galaxy and the Dark Matter, Nature of the Spiral Arms), Stars and Star Clusters of the Milky Way, Properties of and around the
Galactic Nucleus
Galaxies: Galaxy Morphology, Hubble’s Classification of Galaxies, Elliptical Galaxies (The Intrinsic Shapes of Elliptical, de Vaucouleurs Law, Stars and Gas). Spiral and Lenticular Galaxies (Bulges, Disks,
Galactic Halo) The Milky Way Galaxy, Gas and Dust in the Galaxy, Spiral Arms, Active Galaxies
Active galaxies:‘Activities’ of Active Galaxies, How ‘Active’ are the Active Galaxies? Classification of the Active Galaxies, Some Emission Mechanisms Related to the Study of Active Galaxies, Behaviour of Active Galaxies (Quasars and Radio Galaxies, Seyferts, BL Lac Objects and Optically Violent Variables),
The Nature of the Central Engine, Unified Model of the Various Active Galaxies
Large scale structure & expanding universe: Cosmic Distance Ladder (An Example from Terrestrial
Physics, Distance Measurement using Cepheid Variables), Hubble’s Law (Distance- Velocity Relation),
Clusters of Galaxies (Virial theorem and Dark Matter), Friedmann Equation and its Solutions, Early
Universe and Nucleo-synthesis (Cosmic Background Radiation, Evolving vs. Steady State Universe)
Paper Name: Advanced Mathematical Physics Lab
Paper Code:
Simulation experiments based on Mathematica/Matlab/Scilab:
1. Linear Algebra:
(a) Multiplication of two 3 3 matrices
(b) Eigen value and Eigen vectors of the matrices of following types:
2 1 1
1 3 2
3 1 4
,
2 2
4 3
2 3 5
i i
i
i
, and
1 3 4
2 4
3 4 4 3
i i
i
i
2. Orthogonal polynomials as Eigenfunctions of Hermitian differential operators.
3. Determination of the principal axes of moment of inertia through Diagonalization.
4. Vector space of wave functions in Quantum Mechanics: Position and momentum differential operators and their commutator, wave functions for stationary states as Eigenfunctions of Hermitian differential
operator.
5. Lagrangian formulation in Classical Mechanics with constraints.
6. Study of geodesics in Euclidean and other spaces (surface of a sphere, etc).
7. Estimation of ground state energy and wave function of a quantum system.
Paper Name: Applied Dynamics Lab
Paper Code: SPH33213
Laboratory/Computing and visualizing trajectories using software such as Scilab, Mathematica, Maple,
Octave, XPPAUT based on Applied Dynamics problems
1. To determine the coupling coefficient of coupled pendulums.
2. To determine the coupling coefficient of coupled oscillators.
3. To determine the coupling and damping coefficient of damped coupled oscillator.
4. To study population models e.g. exponential growth and decay, logistic growth, species competition,
predator-prey dynamics, simple genetic circuits.
5. To study rate equations for chemical reactions e.g. auto catalysis, bi-stability.
6. To study examples from game theory.
7. Computational visualization of trajectories in the Sinai Billiard. 8. Computational visualization of trajectories Electron motion in mesoscopic conductors as a chaotic
billiard problem.
9. Computational visualization of fractal formations of Deterministic fractal.
10. Computational visualization of fractal formations of self-similar fractal. 11. Computational visualization of fractal formations of Fractals in nature – trees, coastlines, earthquakes.
12. Computational Flow visualization – streamlines, pathlines, Streaklines.
4th Year
Semester : VII
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Mathematical Methods II
Linear Vector space, Hilbert space and matrices:
Vectors in function space, Axiomatic definition, linear independence, bases, dimensionality, inner
product, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation, Operators, self-Adjoint and Unitary Operators, Transformation of Operators, Matrices: Representation of linear transformations and change of base, Eigenvalues and
eigenvectors, Functions of a matrix; Cayley-Hamilton theorem, commuting matrices with degenerate
eigenvalues, Orthonormality of eigenvectors. Hermitian matrix Diagonalization. (8L)
Complex variables:
Recapitulation of Complex numbers, triangular inequalities, Schwarz inequality. Function of a complex variable, single and multiple-valued function, limit and continuity, Differentiation, Cauchy-Riemann
equations and their applications, Analytic and harmonic function, Complex integrals, Cauchy's
theorem (elementary proof only), converse of Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy’s Integral Formula and its corollaries, Series: Taylor and Laurent expansion, Classification of singularities, Branch point and branch
cut, Cauchy’s Residue theorem and evaluation of some typical real integrals using this theorem. (10L)
Theory of Second Order Linear Homogeneous Differential Equations:
Brief introduction to 1st order ODEs and 2nd order Linear ODEs, Singular points, Regular and Irregular
singular points, Frobenius method, Fuch's theorem, Linear independence of solutions, Wronskian, second solution. Sturm-Liouville theory, Hermitian Operator, Completeness.
(7L)
Special functions:
Bessel functions of 1st Kind, Orthogonality, Bessel function of 2nd kind, Generating functions, Spherical
Bessel Functions, Legendre polynomials, Orthogonality, Physical interpretation of Generating functions,
Associated Legendre’s Equation, Spherical Harmonics, Hermite functions, Laguerre Functions.
Chebyshev Polynomials.
(12L)
Inhomogeneous differential equations : Green's functions and its applications.
(4L)
Integral transforms: Fourier and Laplace transforms and their inverse transforms, Bromwich integral [use of partial fractions
in calculating inverse Laplace transforms], Discrete Fourier Transform, Transform of derivative and integral of a function, Solution of differential equations using integral transforms.
(7L)
Group theory: Definitions, Multiplication table, Rearrangement theorem; Isomorphism and homomorphism; Illustrations
with point symmetry groups, Group representations: faithful and unfaithful representations, reducible and
irreducible representations, Lie groups and Lie algebra with SU(2) as an example. (7L)
List of Books:
1. Mathematical Methods for Physicists, G.B. Arfken, H.J. Weber, F.E. Harris, 2013, 7th Edn.,
Elsevier.
2. An introduction to ordinary differential equations, E.A. Coddington, 2009, PHI learning 3. Differential Equations, George F. Simmons, 2007, Mc. Graw Hill.
4. Mathematical Tools for Physics, James Nearing, 2010, Dover Publications.
5. Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences, Mary L. Boas, Wiley 6. Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering, K. F. Riley, M. P. Hobson, S. J. Bence,
Cambridge University Press
7. Mathematical Physics, H K Dass, S Chand Publisher
8. Theory and problems Complex variables, Schaum’s outline series M. R. Spiegel. 9. Complex Variables and Applications by, Brown and Churchill.
10. Matrices and Tensor in Physics, by A. W. Joshi
11. Elements of group theory for physicists, by A. W. Joshi 12. Group Theory (Dover Books on Mathematics) by, W. R. Scott
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Analytical Mechanics
Variational Principle and Lagrange’s Equations
Introduction to Hamilton’s Principle, Few applications of the technique of Calculus of Variations, Derivation of Lagrange’s Equation from Hamilton’s principle, Applications of Lagrange’s Equations, Advantages of Variational principle formulation, Conservation theorem and symmetry properties.
(8L)
The Hamilton Equations of motion Legendre Transformations and the Hamilton Equations of motion, Cyclic co-ordinates and Conservation
Theorems, Applications of Hamiltonian formulation, Derivation of Hamilton’s equations from Variational principle, The Principle of Least Action. (6L)
Canonical Transformations
The equations of canonical transformation, Examples of Canonical transformations, The Harmonic
Oscillator, Poisson bracket and other Canonical Invariants, Equations of Motion, Infinitesimal Canonical Transformation and Conservation Theorems, Symmetry Groups. (8L)
Hamilton-Jacobi Theory Action-Angle Variables Hamilton-Jacobi Equations, Harmonic Oscillator problems, Action-Angle variables in 1D systems.
(6)
Small Oscillations
Formulation of the problem, Eigen Value Equations, Principle Axis and Normal Co-ordinates, Free
Vibrations of a linear tri-atomic molecule, Forced vibrations and Dissipative forces.
(4)
Rigid Body Motion:
Degrees of freedom, Orthogonal Transformations and properties of transformation matrices, Euler angles,
Euler’s Theorems on the motion of a rigid body, Finite and infinitesimal rotations, Rotating co-ordinate system, Coriolis force, Angular Momentum and Kinetic Energy of motion, Moment of Inertia tensor,
Principal axis of transformation, solution of rigid body problem using Euler equation of motion, torque free motion of a rigid body, heavy symmetrical top, precession and nutation.
(10L)
Classical mechanics of Special Theory of Relativity:
Basic postulates, Lorentz transformation, velocity addition, four-vectors, metric tensors, Relativistic Kinematics of Collisions and Many Particle Systems, Relativistic Angular Momentum, Lagrangian
Formulation of Relativistic Mechanics, Co-variant Lagrangian formulation.
Relativistic Electrodynamics: Equation of motion in an electromagnetic field, Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance of Maxwell’s equations, Maxwell's equations as equations of motion, Lorentz
transformation law for the electromagnetic fields and the fields due to a point charge in uniform
motion; Field invariants, Covariance of Lorentz force equation and the equation of motion of a charged particle in an electromagnetic field.
(10L)
Introduction to Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Formulations for continuous systems and fields:
Transition from a discrete to a continuous system, Lagrangian formulation for continuous systems, Hamiltonian formulation, Relativistic Field theory and examples, Noether’s Theorem.
(6L)
List of Books:
1. An introduction to mechanics, D. Kleppner, R.J. Kolenkow, 1973, McGraw-Hill.
2. Introduction to Classical Mechanics, David Morin, Cambridge University Press. 3. Classical Mechanics, H. Goldstein, C.P. Poole, J.L. Safko, 3rdEdn. 2002, Pearson Education.
4. Mechanics, L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, 1976, Pergamon.
5. The Classical Theory of Fields, L.D Landau, E.M Lifshitz, 4th Edn., 2003, Elsevier.
6. Classical Mechanics, P.S. Joag, N.C. Rana, 1st Edn., McGraw Hall. 7. Classical Mechanics, R. Douglas Gregory, 2015, Cambridge University Press.
8. K.C. Gupta: Classical Mechanics of Particles and Rigid Bodies
9. Solved Problems in classical Mechanics, O.L. Delange and J. Pierrus, 2010, Oxford Press.
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Quantum Mechanics II
Module 1:
Postulates of Quantum Mechanics: Basic postulates, Observables and Operators, Measurements in Quantum Mechanics, Time evolution of a
quantum mechanical system, Schrödinger, Heisenberg and interaction picture, Symmetries and conservation laws, Relation between Classical and Quantum Mechanics.
(6L)
Review of One and Three Dimensional Problems: Review of one dimensional problems. Double Delta potential well.
3-D problems in Cartesian co-ordinate; free particle, Box potential, Delta function potential, Harmonic Oscillator, 3-D problems in Spherical polar co-ordinate; free particle, square well potential, isotropic
harmonic oscillator, Hydrogen atom.
(6L)
Angular Momentum:
Stern-Gerlach experiment for spin particle, Orbital angular momentum, Spin angular momentum, Spin
1
2
and spin 1 particles, Pauli matrices, Eigenvalues and Eigen functions of 2
L̂ and ˆz
L operator, Spherical
harmonics. Addition of angular momenta, Clebsch-Gordan co-efficient.
(8L)
Approximation methods in quantum mechanics:
Time independent perturbation theory (both non-degenerate and degenerate), First and Second order
correction in energy Eigenvalues, and first order corrections in energy Eigen functions. Degenerate
perturbation theory, application to one-electron system. The Variational method, WKB approximation: General formalism, Bound states for potential wells with No rigid walls/ with One rigid wall/ with Two
rigid walls.
(12L)
Review of one electron atom, Dirac equation, Dirac equation in non-relativistic limit i.e., Paoli equation,
Fine structure of Hydrogen atom (relativistic correction, coupling due to Spin-Orbit coupling, Derwin
term), Lamb shift, Hyperfine structure and isotope shifts. (10L)
Interaction with external electric and magnetic field: Stark effect, Zeeman effect (weak field and strong
field limits). (6L)
Two electron atoms: Schrodinger equations, para and ortho states, Pauli’s exclusion principle, ground state and excited state
(2L) Many electron atoms: Central field approximation, Thomas- Fermi model, Hartree-Fock method,
Exchange degeneracy, Symmetrization postulate, constructing symmetric and anti-symmetric functions,
Pauli’s Exclusion principle, L-S & J-J coupling, Hund’s Rule. (6L)
List of Books:
1. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, David J. Griffith, 2005, Pearson Education.
2. A Text book of Quantum Mechanics, P.M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan, 2nd Ed., 2010, McGraw
Hill. 3. Quantum Mechanics, Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick, 2nd Edn., 2002, Wiley.
4. Quantum Mechanics, Leonard I. Schiff, 3rd Edn. 2010, Tata McGraw Hill.
5. Quantum Mechanics, Eugen Merzbacher, 2004, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 6. J.J. Sakurai : Modern Quantum Mechanics
7. S. Gasiorowicz : Quantum Physics.
8. Quantum Mechanics: Theory and Applications Author: A. Ghatak, S. Lokanathan Published by
Springer Netherlands. 9. B.H. Bransden and C.J. Joachain: Physics of Atoms and Molecules
10. R. Shankar: Principles of Quantum Mechanics
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Applied Electronics and Instrumentation
Passive Networks: Four-terminal two-port network, parameters for symmetrical and non-symmetrical networks, image, iterative and characteristic impedances, propagation function; lattice network. Bisection
theorem and its application.
(4L) Active Circuits: Transistor amplifiers; Basic design consideration; Class A power amplifier, Coupled
Class A power amplifier, Coupled Amplifier, Push-pull amplifier, Class B and Class C tuned power
amplifier. High frequency effects, resonance amplifier, feedback and distortion in amplifiers.
(4L) Physical Mechanisms: Crystal structures of Electronic materials (Elemental, III-IV and VI
semiconductors), Energy Band consideration in solids in relation to semiconductors, Direct and Indirect
bands in semiconductor, Electron/Hole concentration and Fermi energy in intrinsic/Extrinsic semiconductor continuity equation, Carrier mobility in semiconductors, Electron and Hole conductivity in
semiconductors, Shallow impurities in semiconductors(Ionization Energies), Deep Impurity states in
semiconductors, Carrier Trapping and recombination/ generationin semiconductors, Shockley Read theory of recombination, Switching in Electronic Devices.
(8L)
Semiconductor Devices: Metal/Semiconductor Junction or (Abrupt P-N Junction), Current-voltage
characteristics, C-V Measurements, Estimation of Barrier Height and carrier concentration from C-V characteristics, Surface/Interface States, Role of interface States in Junction Diodes. Field Effect devices,
C-V characteristic of MIS diodes (Frequency dependence), Estimation of Interface Trapped charges by
capacitance conductance, method CCD (Charge Coupled Devices), MESFET, MOSFET.
(6L)
Special Device: Tunnel diode: I-V characteristics, negative voltage region. Uni-junction transistor (UJT),
Application as a relaxation oscillator. Silicon Controlled rectifier (SCR, Thyristor) characteristics and applications. Photonic Devices: LED and LASER, Photo detectors, Solar-cells. ATT device, Power
diodes. Power transistors. GTOs and IGBTs. Display devices, Operation of LCDs, LED, HDTV, Plasma
displays. (6L)
Transducers & industrial instrumentation (working principle, efficiency, applications): Static and
dynamic characteristics of measurement Systems. Electrical, Thermal and Mechanical systems. Calibration. Transducers and sensors. Characteristics of Transducers. Transducers as electrical element
and their signal conditioning. Temperature transducers: RTD, Thermistor, Thermocouples,
Semiconductor type temperature sensors (AD590, LM35, LM75) and signal conditioning. Linear Position
transducer: Strain gauge, Piezoelectric. Inductance change transducer: Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), Capacitance change transducers. Radiation Sensors: Principle of Gas filled detector,
ionization chamber, scintillation detector.
(6L) Vacuum Systems: Characteristics of vacuum: Gas law, Mean free path. Application of vacuum. Vacuum
system- Chamber, Mechanical pumps, Diffusion pump & Turbo Modular pump, Pumping speed, Pressure
gauges (Pirani, Penning, ionization). (6L)
Analog circuits: Comparators, Multivibrators, Waveform generators: Square wave, triangle wave and
pulse generators.
(2L)
Digital MOS circuits: NMOS and CMOS gates (AND, NAND and NOT), Dynamic MOS circuits, ratio
inverter, two phase inverter; dynamic MOS shift register, static MOS shift registers, four phase shift
registers. Memory Devices; Static and dynamic random access memories (SRAM and DRAM)
(2L) Data processing circuits: Basic idea of Multiplexers, De-multiplexers, Decoders, Encoders. Arithmetic
Circuits: Binary Addition. Binary Subtraction using 2’s Complement. Half and Full Adders. Half & Full Subtractors, 4-bit binary Adder / Subtractor. Sequential Circuits: SR, D, and JK Flip-Flops. Clocked
(Level and Edge Triggered), Flip-Flops. Preset and Clear operations. Race-around conditions in JK Flip-Flop. M/S JK Flip-Flop. Timers: IC 555: block diagram and applications: Astable multivibrators and
Monostable multivibrator.
(4L) Shift registers: Serial-in-Serial-out, Serial-in-Parallel-out, Parallel-in-Serial-out and Parallel-in-Parallel-
out Shift Registers (only up to 4 bits).
(2L) Counters (4 bits): Ring Counter. Asynchronous counters, Decade Counter. Synchronous Counter.
(2L)
Intel 8085 and 8086 Microprocessor Architecture: Main features of 8085 and 8086. Block diagram.
Components. Pin-out diagram. Buses. Registers. ALU. Memory. Stack memory. Timing & Control circuitry. Timing states. Instruction cycle, Timing diagram of MOV and MVI.
(2L)
Introduction to Assembly Language: 1 byte, 2 byte & 3 byte instructions.
(2L)
Paper Code:
Paper Name: General Physics Lab I
1. Determine Plank’s Constant using photo-cell with filters for different light wave length ( ). Also verify the inverse square law.
2. Determine the electron charge by Millikan’s Oil drop method and hence determine the terminal velocity of the oil drop.
3. Determination of e/m of electrons by magnetic focusing method.
4. To determine temperature dependence of Hall coefficient of n-type and p-type semiconductor material. 5. To determine the Magneto-resistance of n-type and p-type semiconductor material.
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Applied Electronics and Instrumentation Lab
1. Study of Filters: (a) Active Filter (b) Passive Filter (c) T section filter (d) section filter.
2. Study of Amplitude and Frequency modulation and demodulation.
3. Study of Dynamic characteristics of a JFET and hence determine the FET parameters. 4. Studies on Characteristics of SCR (Silicon controlled Rectifier).
5. Studies on different types of characteristics of DIAC and TRIAC.
6. To design an astable multivibrator of given specifications using 555 Timer.
7. To design a monostable multivibrator of given specifications using 555 Timer. 8. To build Flip-Flop (RS, Clocked RS, D-type and JK) circuits using NAND gates.
9. To build JK Master-slave flip-flop using Flip-Flop ICs
10. To build a 4-bit Counter using D-type/JK Flip-Flop ICs and study timing diagram. 11. To make a 4-bit Shift Register (serial and parallel) using D-type/JK Flip-Flop ICs.
Departmental Electives
Paper Name: Low Temperature Physics
Low temperature Physics:
UNIT I
Production of Low temperature: 12L
Joule Thomson (J-T) effect, J-T effect for van der waal’s gas, Critical temperature, inversion temperature,
integral J-T effect and difference with adiabatic expansion, Application of J-T effect for correction to gas-thermometer.
Regenerative cooling: Vacuum pumps, liquefaction of air: Linde process, liquefaction Hydrogen and liquefaction of Helium, Maintenance of low temperature, and production of temperature below 1 K. Third
law of thermodynamics, Nernst heat theorem and its consequences, Adiabatic demagnetization,
Evaporative cooling of He-3, Dilution refrigeration, Laser cooling, Nuclear demagnetization.
UNIT II
Measurement of low temperature: 5L
Brief introduction to kinetic theory of gases, mean free path, particle flux and Gas’s law, gas Transport Phenomenon. Introduction to gas thermometer and it corrections, Secondary thermometers, resistance
thermometers, thermocouples, vapour pressure thermometers, magnetic thermometers.
UNIT III
Cryogens liquids: 10L
Liquid Nitrogen, Liquid oxygen, Liquid hydrogen, Liquid He-II: superfluidity and the two fluid model, Thermo mechanical effect, Thermal conductivity of Liquid He-II. Lamda point, Density and
Compressibility factor, viscosity Qualitative discussion on Bose Einstein condensate, Superconductivity.
UNIT III
Production of Vacuum and Measurement of Pressure: 8L Mechanical pumps (Rotary and Turbomolecular pumps), Diffusion pump, Ion pumps, Cryo-pumps, Pump
Fluids, Materials in Vacuum: Vaporization, out-gassing. Joints, Seals and Components, Gaskets and feed
through.
McLeod gauge, thermal conductivity gauges, spin rotor gauge, diaphragm/capacitance gauges manometer, Ionization gauges, hot cathode, cold cathode gauges; Flow Meters and Residual Gas
Analyzer, Leak Detection.
Semester : VIII
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Classical Electrodynamics
Electrostatics and Magnetostatics:
Scalar and vector potentials; Gauge transformations; Multipole expansion of (i) scalar potential and
energy due to a static charge distribution (ii) vector potential due to a stationary current distribution. Calculations of dipole and Quadrupole moment tensor due to different charge distributions. Electrostatic
and magnetostatic energy. Poynting's theorem. Maxwell's stress tensor (both in presence and absence of
di-electrics), electromagnetic momentum, Radiation pressure. (12L)
Maxwell’s Equations in stationary and moving media.
Quantitative discussion. (6L)
Fields due to time dependent charge and current distributions:
Solution of inhomogeneous wave equations without green’s function, Jefimenko’s equations. Near field and far-field approximation, Larmor’s formula.
(12L)
Radiation from moving point charges:
Lienard-Wiechert potentials, Fields due to a charge moving with uniform velocity, Fields due to an accelerated charge, Radiation at low velocity, Larmor’s formula and its relativistic generalisation,
Radiation when velocity (relativistic) and acceleration are parallel, Bremsstrahlung, Radiation when
velocity and acceleration are perpendicular, Synchrotron radiation, Cherenkov radiation (qualitative
treatment only). Thomson and Compton scattering. (12L)
Radiation Reaction:
Radiation reaction from energy conservation, Problem with Abraham-Lorentz formula, Limitations of Classical Electrodynamics.
(8L)
Relativistic Electrodynamics: Equation of motion in an electromagnetic field; Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance of Maxwell’s equations; Maxwell’s equations as equations of motion; Lorentz transformation law for the e.m. fields and the fields due to a point charge in uniform motion; Field invariants; Covariance of Lorentz force equation
and the equation of motion of a charged particle in an electromagnetic field; The generalised momentum;
Energy-momentum tensor and the conservation laws for the electromagnetic field; Relativistic
Lagrangian and Hamiltonian of a charged particle in an electromagnetic field.
(6L)
List of Books:
1. J.D. Jackson: Classical Electrodynamics
2. W.K.H. Panofsky and M. Phillips: Classical Electricity and Magnetism
3. J. R. Reitz, F.J. Milford and R.W. Christy: Foundations of Electromagnetic theory
4. D.J. Griffiths: Introduction to Electrodynamics
5. Classical Electromagnetic Radiation, Mark A. Heald and J. B. Marion, Dover Books on Physics
6. Modern Problems in Classical Electrodynamics, C. A. Brau
7. Classical Electrodynamics, Walter Greiner and D. A. Bromley
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Quantum Mechanics III
Module 1:
Time dependent perturbation theory:
The pictures of Quantum Mechanics, Schrodinger picture, Heisenberg’s picture and Interaction picture. Theoretical framework of time-dependent perturbation theory, Transition probability for a Constant
perturbation and Harmonic perturbation, Fermi Golden rule, Adiabatic and Sudden approximations.
(8L)
Scattering Theory: Scattering cross-section, lab frame and CM frame, Scattering amplitude and differential cross section, Green’s function technique in scattering phenomena, Born approximation, Validity of Born Approximation, Partial Wave analysis for elastic scattering, scattering of identical
particles. (12L)
Symmetries in quantum mechanics: Conservation laws and degeneracy associated with symmetries; Continuous symmetries, space and time translations, rotations; Rotation group, homomorphism between SO(3) and SU(2); Explicit matrix
representation of generators for; Rotation matrices; Irreducible spherical tensor operators, Wigner-Eckart
theorem; Discrete symmetries, parity and time reversal.
(8L) Identical Particles:
Meaning of identity and consequences; Symmetric and anti-symmetric wave functions; Slater
determinant; Symmetric and anti-symmetric spin wave functions of two identical particles. (6L)
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics:
Klein-Gordon equation, Feynman-Stuckelberg interpretation of negative energy states and concept of
antiparticles; Dirac equation, covariant form, adjoint equation; Plane wave solution and momentum space spinors; Spin and magnetic moment of the electron; Non-relativistic reduction; Helicity and chirality;
Properties of matrices; Charge conjugation; Normalisation and completeness of spinors.
Module 2:
General Concept:
General nature of molecular structure, Born-Oppenheimer approximation for diatomic molecule, Electronic structure, Approximation methods for construction of wave functions, LCAO approach,
symmetries and shapes of electronic orbital.
(6L)
Microwave spectroscopy: rotation of molecules, rotational spectra for diatomic and polyatomic molecules.
(6L)
Infrared spectroscopy: vibration of diatomic molecule, rotational-vibrational spectra, vibration of polyatomic molecules.
(4L)
Raman spectroscopy: rotational and vibrational Raman spectra, polarization of light and Raman effect, structure determination.
(4L)
Spin resonance spectroscopy : NMR spectroscopy for hydrogen and other nuclei, ESR spectroscopy.
(4L)
Mossbauer spectroscopy: principle and applications.
List of Books: 1. L.I. Schiff: Quantum Mechanics
2. Quantum Mechanics, Nouredine Zettili, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
3. Quantum Mechanics, David J. Griffiths
4. J.J. Sakurai: Advanced Quantum Mechanics 5. C. Cohen-Tannoudji, B. Dier, and F. Laloe: Quantum Mechanics vol. 1 and 2
6. E. Merzbacher: Quantum Mechanics
7. Messiah: Quantum Mechanics, Vol. II 8. Quantum Mechanics, Bransden and Joachain, Pearson Education.
9. J.D. Bjorken and S.D. Drell: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
10. F. Halzen and A.D. Martin: Quarks and Leptons 11. W. Greiner: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
12. A. Lahiri and P.B. Pal: A First Book of Quantum Field Theory
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Statistical Mechanics II
Recapitulation of elementary statistical ideas, ensembles.
(3L)
Grand Canonical Ensemble: System in contact with a particle reservoir, Chemical potential, Grand canonical partition function, fluctuation of particle number. Chemical potential of ideal gas.
(6L)
Quantum statistical mechanics: Density Matrix, Quantum Liouville’s theorem, Density matrices for micro canonical, canonical and
grand canonical systems, Simple examples of density matrices, one electron in a magnetic field, particle
in a box, Identical particles, B-E and F-D distributions.
(8L)
Ideal Bose Systems: Thermodynamic behaviour of an ideal Bose Gas, Equation of state, Bose-Einstein Condensation (with
detailed analytics). (8L)
Ideal Fermi Systems:
Equation of state of ideal Fermi gas; Fermi gas at finite T.
(4L)
Special topics: Saha Ionization formula, Ising model: partition function for one dimensional case; Chemical equilibrium
and Saha ionisation formula. Phase transitions: first order and continuous, critical exponents and scaling relations. Calculation of exponents from Mean Field Theory and Landau’s theory, upper critical dimension.
(8L)
Phase Transition and Renormalization:
Phase Transition and Critical Phenomena, Symmetry breaking, Landau Ginzberg theory, scaling and
universality, Renormalization Group approach, Percolation theory. (10L)
List of Books:
1. F. Reif: Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics, McGraw-Hill.
2. R.K. Pathria: Statistical Mechanics, Elsevier
3. K. Huang: Statistical Mechanics, Wiley Student edition 4. F. Mandl: Statistical Physics
5. Statistical Mechanics, F. Schwabl, Springer international edition.
6. Statistical Mechanics, R. Feynman
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Solid State and Nuclear Physics II Module 1:
Binding of Solids: Van der Waal binding, Ionic Binding, Covalent Bonding, Metallic bonding. (4L)
Crystalline State: Two-Dimensional lattice systems, Three dimensional lattice systems, Lattice planes
and Miller indices, X ray diffraction, Laue method, Rotating Crystal method, Debye Scherrer method, Structure factor and atomic form factor.
Frenkel and Schottky defects, defects in growth of crystals, The role of dislocations in plastic deformation and crystal growth, Colour centres and photoconductivity, Luminescence and phosphors, Alloys- order-
disorder phenomena, Bragg-Williams theory, Extra specific heat in alloys.
(12L)
Electronic states in Solids: Drude Model, Drawbacks of Drude model, Sommerfeld’s Correction, Periodic lattice potential, Bloch model of an electron, Weak periodic potential, Repeated Zone Scheme,
Reduced Zone Scheme, Velocity of Bloch electron, Effective mass, Crystal momentum, Fermi Surface,
Tight binding approximation. (14L)
Transport properties of Metals: Boltzmann Transport Equation, Electrical conductivity, Relaxation
time approximation, Impurity Resistivity, Friedel Sum rule, Thermal Conductivity, Thermoelectricity,
Seebeck and Peltier Effect. Hall Effect. (10L)
Basic introduction to Magnetism and Superconductivity: Origin of magnetism; Quantum theory of
atomic diamagnetism, Landau diamagnetism (qualitative discussion), Quantum theory of paramagnetism, case of rare-earth and iron-group ions, quenching of orbital angular momentum, Van-Vleck
paramagnetism and Pauli paramagnetism, Ferromagnetism: Curie-Weiss law, temperature dependence of
saturated magnetisation, Heisenberg’s exchange interaction, ferromagnetic domains; Ferrimagnetism and anti-ferromagnetism.
Phenomenological description of superconductivity, perfect diamagnet, Effect of Magnetic field on
Superconductivity, Meissner effect; Type-I and type-II superconductors, Specific heat, energy gap and
isotope effect, Flux quantisation; a.c. and d.c. Josephson effect. (16L)
Module 1:
Nuclear Properties: Basic nuclear properties: nuclear size, Rutherford scattering, nuclear radius and charge distribution, nuclear form factor, mass and binding energy, Angular momentum, parity and
symmetry, Magnetic dipole moment and electric Quadrupole moment, experimental determination, Rabi's
method. (8L)
Two-body bound state: Properties of deuteron, Schrödinger equation and its solution for ground state of
deuteron, r.m.s. radius, spin dependence of nuclear forces, electromagnetic moment and magnetic dipole
moment of deuteron and the necessity of tensor forces.
(4L)
Two-body scattering: Experimental n-p scattering data, Partial wave analysis and phase shifts, scattering
length, magnitude of scattering length and strength of scattering, Significance of the sign of scattering
length; Scattering from molecular hydrogen and determination of singlet and triplet scattering lengths, effective range theory, low energy p-p scattering, Nature of nuclear forces: charge independence, charge
symmetry and isospin invariance of nuclear forces.
(8L)
β-decay: emission and electron capture, Fermi’s theory of allowed decay, Selection rules for Fermi and Gamow-Teller transitions, Parity non-conservation and Wu’s experiment.
(6L)
Nuclear Structure: Liquid drop model, Bethe-Weizsäcker binding energy/mass formula, Fermi model, Shell model and Collective model.
(8L)
Nuclear Reactions and Fission: Different types of reactions, Quantum mechanical theory, Resonance scattering and reactions, Breit-Wigner dispersion relation; Compound nucleus formation and break-up,
Statistical theory of nuclear reactions and evaporation probability, Optical model; Principle of detailed
balance, Transfer reactions, Nuclear fission: Experimental features, spontaneous fission, liquid drop
model, barrier penetration, statistical model, Super-heavy nuclei. (12L)
List of Books:
1. C. Kittel: Introduction to Solid State Physics
2. N.W. Ashcroft and N.D. Mermin: Solid State Physics
3. J.R. Christman: Fundamentals of Solid State Physics 4. A. J. Dekker: Solid State Physics
5. H.Ibach and H. Luth: Solid State Physics: An Introduction to Theory and Experiment
6. J.P.Srivastava: Elements of Solid State Physics
7. M.K. Pal: Theory of Nuclear Structure
8. R.R. Roy and B.P. Nigam: Nuclear Physics
9. S.N. Ghoshal: Atomic and Nuclear Physics (Vol. 2)
10. D.H. Perkins: Introduction to High Energy Physics
11. D.J. Griffiths: Introduction to Elementary Particles
12. W.E. Burcham and M. Jobes: Nuclear and particle Physics
Paper Code:
Paper Name: General Physics Lab II
1. Study of photo-conductivity of a semiconductor material.
2. Study of Current Voltage characteristic of a CdS, a photo resistor as a function of Intensity, by using a
monochromator. 5. Determination of magnetic parameters of a Ferromagnetic substance by using Hysteresis Loop Tracer.
6. Determination of Lande-g factor by Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy.
7. Determination of Lande-g factor by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
8. Study of Vibrational Coarse Structure of I2 molecule. 9. Determination of wavelength of a monochromatic source by using Michelson’s Interferometer.
Paper Code:
Paper Name: Numerical Modelling in Physics
A brief review on any language C/ Python/Fortran/Mathematica/ Matlab.
Numerical solution of Algebraic and Transcendental equations by Bisection, Newton Raphson and Secant
methods, Solution of linear and quadratic equation, solving diffraction equation tan , 2
0
sinI I
in optics.
Interpolation by Newton Gregory Forward and Backward difference formula, Error estimation of linear
interpolation. Numerical differentiation (Forward and Backward difference formula) and Integration (Trapezoidal and Simpson rules), Monte Carlo method.
Finding zeros of a real valued function using Newton-Raphson method.
Scilab/Matlab/Mathematica :
Solution of Linear system of equations by Gauss elimination method and Gauss Seidal method.
Diagonalization of matrices, Inverse of a matrix, Eigen vectors, eigen values problems, Solution of mesh equations of electric circuits (3 meshes), Solution of coupled spring mass systems (3 masses).
Solution of ODE:
First order differential equation, Euler, Modified Euler and Runge-Kutta second order method. Solve
equations for radioactive decay, Newton’s law of cooling , classical equations of motion etc. Second order differential equation, Harmonic oscillator (no friction), Fixed difference method, Damped
Harmonic oscillator, Over damped, Critical damped, Oscillatory, Forced Harmonic oscillator, Transient
and Steady state solution.
To solve some problems on differential equations like :
1. Solve the coupled first order differential equations
for different initial conditions [e.g., x(0) = 0, y(0) = -1, -2, -3, -4]. Plot x vs. y for each of the
four initial conditions on the same screen for 0 ≤ t ≤ 15.
2. The ordinary differential equation describing the motion of a pendulum is
θ" = − sin(θ) The pendulum is released from rest at an angular displacement α i.e. θ ( 0 ) = α,
θ′ ( 0 ) = 0. Use the RK4 method to solve the equation for α = 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 and plot θ as a function of
time in the range 0 ≤ t ≤ 8π. Also, plot the analytic solution valid in the small θ (sin θ ≈ θ). 3. Solve the differential equation with the boundary conditions: at x = 1, y = (1/2) e2 , dy/dx = - (3/2) e2 –
0.5, in the range 1≤ x ≤ 3. Plot y and dy/dx against x in the given range. Both should appear on the same
graph.
List of Books:
1. V. Rajaraman: Computer Programming in Fortran
2. V. Rajaraman: Computer Oriented Numerical Methods
Departmental Electives
Paper Name: Soft Matter Physics
Structure and classification of mesophases
Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals; Different molecular order-nematic, smectic and cholesteric
phases; Recent interests in liquid crystals; X-ray analysis of unoriented and oriented liquid crystals; Measurement of nematic order parameter by NMR; Polymer liquid crystals.
Molecular theory of nematic liquid crystals
Symmetry and order parameter; Molecular potential; Distribution function; Nematic–isotropic (N-I) phase
transitioni — Maier-Saupe theory; Generalized mean field theory; The even-odd effect , Marcelja’s calculation; Hard rod model of N-I phase transition; Derivation of the Onsager equation, solution of Onsager equation in a simple case.
Molecular theory of smectic A liquid crystals Symmetry, structure and order parameter; Phase diagram of homologous series, McMillan’s theory.
Elastic continuum theory of liquid crystals
General expression of free energy of a deformed nematic liquid crystal; Franck’s elastic constants; Distortion due to external electric or magnetic field; Freederickz’s transition; The twisted nematic cell.
Numerical methods for studying liquid crystal phase transitions Monte-Carlo simulation; Lebhwol-Lasher simulation of N-I transition; Gey-Berne potential.
Landau’s theory of phase transition Generalization of Landau’s theory to liquid crystals; Fourth order and sixth order Landau expansion for
studying N-I transition; de Gennes’ Generalization to smectic phase; Critical fluctuation
Liquid crystal displays
Optical properties of on ideal helix, agents influencing the pitch; Basic principle of liquid crystal displays; Advantages of liquid crystal displays; Twisted nematic crystal and cholesteric liquid crystal displays.
Discotic liquid crystals Symmetry and structure, mean field description of discotic liquid crystals.
Lyotropic liquid crystals
Models for different phases, bio-membrane
5th Year
Advanced Option: Nanoscience and Technology
Advanced Elective I
Paper Name: Quantum Transport in Low dimensional Systems
Paper Code:
Introduction: Idea of different length scales (mean free path, phase relaxation length), 2DEG and basic properties
(degenerate and non degenerate electron gas).
Diffusive Transport: Classical transport in diffusive regime, Linear response, Shubnikov-de Haas effect, Weak localization,
Gauge transformation, Aharanov-Bohm Effect, Persistent current, Electron-electron interaction, Anderson
localization. Altshuler Aronov Spivak Effect.
Ballistic transport
Conductance from transmission, Landauer formalism, Landauer-Buttiker formulation for multi-probe
systems, e-e interaction. Extension to spin systems. Effect of Dephasing in transport. Effects of Spin-Orbit interaction.
Tunnelling and Coulomb Blockade, Conducatance fluctualtions.
Quantum Hall Effect:
Integer and Fractional Quantum Hall effect, Edge states and velocity compensation.
Advanced Elective II
Paper Name: Computational Methods for Nanoscience
Paper Code:
1. Using the methods of numerical differentiation and integration and learning to construct matrices with
variable dimension, different matrix calculations, Diagonalization etc. To solve several theoretical
problems.
(a) Calculation of transmission probability by transfer matrix method for different one
dimensional and quasi one-dimensional structure.
(b) Calculation of transmission probability by Green’s Function technique for different Nanostructures and hence to compute the conductance and current-voltage
characteristics. Molecular transport theory.
(c) Application in Density Functional Theory.
(d) Effects of electron-electron and electron-phonon interaction in quantum transport.
(e) Study of thermo-electric effects in different nanostructures.
Advanced Elective III
Paper Name: Fabrication Technologies of Nanomaterials
Paper Code:
UNIT I
Making Nanostructures: Over view of nano-fabrication: top down (2L)
Lithography (a) Photo Lithography: Basic process, Optical lithography, different modes of Optical projection
lithography, Multistage scanners, resolution and limits of photolithography, Resolution enhancement
techniques: Photomask, Binary mask, Phase shift mask, Attenuated phase shift masks, alternating phase
shift masks, Off axis illumination and Optical proximity correction. Mask-less optical projection, lithography type’s advantages limitations and required components, Discussion on Light sources: Optics and materials issues.
(8L) (b) Electron-beam lithography (EBL): Introduction and overview. Electron sources, and electron optics
system, mask less EBL, e-beam systems, electron beam projection lithography, Scattering with angular
limitation projection e-beam lithography. Projection reduction exposure with variable axis immersion lenses.
(6L)
(c) Ion beam lithography: Focused ion beam lithography, Ion projection lithography, and Projection
focused ion multi beam masked ion beam lithography, Ion implantation technique.
UNIT II:
Making Nanostructures: bottom up Common aspects of all bottom-up assembly methods, organic synthesis, weak interaction between
molecules, veicles and micelles, thermodynamic aspect of self assembling nano structure.
(5L)
Thin film technology: CVD (Chemical vapor deposition): Atmospheric pressure CVD (APCVD), Low pressure CVD (LPCVD),
Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) or Photo-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PHCVD), LCVD Laser induced CVD. 3L
Physical vapor deposition: Sputter technologies, Magnetron sputtering, Ion beam (sputter) deposition, Ion implantation and Ion assisted deposition, (Qualitative discussion on and review of some experimental
work).
4L Epitaxy: Different kinds of epitaxy, Influence of substrate, substrate orientation, mismatch, qualitative discussion on MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition). Qualitative discussion on (i) LPE
(Liquid phase epitaxy) and (ii) MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy). 4L
Chemical methods: Sol-gel synthesis, different types of coatings Spin coating, Self assembly- (Periodic) starting points for self-assembly, Directed self-assembly using conventional lithography- Template self-
assembly, Langmuir-Blodgett films. 6L
Advanced Elective IV
Paper Name: Applications of Nanomaterials
Paper Code:
UNIT-I
Nano-structured materials 8L
About size Scales, What is gained by nano-structuring, nanostructures for electronics, zero-dimensional
electronic structures: Quantum dots. 2D nanostructures: Super lattices and heterostructures, Photonic
application: 2D photonics for lasers, 3D photonics: band gap materials. Magnetic properties: Super-Paramagnetism, Nano magnetic device: giant magneto resistance.
UNIT-II 12L
Electrons in Nanostructures:
Variation in electronic properties of materials, Quantum effect, Fermi liquids and free electron model,
Electrons in crystalline solids (2D and 3D), Fermi surface and Brillouin zones, Electron passing through
tiny structures: Landauer resistance. Single-Electron Devices: electron transport in nanoscilicon, Coulomb
blocked and resonant tunneling effect, Electron localization and system size.
Application: Resonant Tunneling Transistor, Single-Electron Transistors, Nano-robotics and Nano-
manipulation, Molecular Nano-devices, Nano-computers, Theoretical Models, Optical Fibers for Nano-devices; GaN, based Nano devices. ZnO Nano-structure and its application in photonics, DNA-Based
Nano devices; Carbon Nano tubes and Nano tube based devices.
UNIT-III
Molecular-Electronics: 10L
Introduction to molecular electronics, Lewis structures as a simple guide to chemical bonding, variational
approach to calculate molecular orbital, Hybridization of atomic orbital’s, Molecular levels in organic compounds. Delocalization energy: Quantifying donor and acceptor properties with electrochemistry.
Electron transfer between molecules; Marcus Theory, Charge transport between weakly interacting
molecule solids: hopping conductance. Dimensionality: 1D conductor and conducting polymers, single
molecule electronics, the transition from tunneling to hopping conductance in single molecule.
UNIT-IV
Nanobiology: 4L Introduction to molecular biology, some mechanical properties of proteins, powering bio-nano-machines,
where biological energy comes from, types of molecular motors, the central role of fluctuations in biology, effect of nano-scale fluctuation in the evolution of the mind.
UNIT V
Electronic and Photonic Materials: 4L
Over view of Quantum well lasers, Quantum cascade lasers, Quantum dot lasers, Quantum wire lasers.
White LEDs, LEDs based on nano-wires, LEDs based on nano-tubes, LEDs based on nanorods, Quantum well infrared photo detectors.
UNIT-VI
Gas Sensor Materials: 4L
Criteria for the choice of materials, Experimental aspects, material properties, measurement of gas
sensing property, sensitivity; Discussion of sensors for various gases, Gas sensors based on semiconductor devices.
Paper Name: Advanced Elective Lab I (Condensed Matter Physics/
Nanoscience Lab)
Paper Code:
1. Synthesis of Metal/Oxide Nanoparticles by chemical techniques (Sol-Gel Method and Colloidal
Synthesis) and characterization of these nanoparticles by using XRD.
2. Determination of susceptibility of a paramagnetic solution (FeCl3/MnSO4) by Quinck’s Method. 3. Determination of Heat Capacities of Solids.
4. Dispersion Relation in periodic electrical circuit- Study of electrical analogue mono-atomic and di-atomic chain.
5. Study of Ferromagnetic-Paramagnetic phase transition in Ferrites.
Paper Name: Advanced Elective Lab II (Material Science Lab)
Paper Code: 1. Synthesis of metal thin film on a glass substrate by using thermal evaporation technique
And structural characterization of it.
2. I-V characterization of Solar Cell.
3. Measurements of dielectric constant of BaTiO3
4. Synthesis of Zn and Ag metal thin film on a glass substrate of and characterization.
Advanced Option: Medical Physics and Instrumentation
Advanced Elective I
Paper Name: Anatomy and Physiology
Paper Code:
Cell: Introduction to cell and its detailed structure.
Blood: Characteristics of blood, physiology of blood clotting. (2L)
Heart (Circulatory System): Anatomy of heart and blood vessels, origin and conduction of heart beat,
cardiac cycle, electrocardiogram, blood pressure, control of cardiac cycle. (6L)
Respiratory System: Anatomy of respiratory system, physiology of respiration in the alveolar and tissue
capillaries, control of respiration. (6L)
Digestive system: Anatomy of digestive system, nerve and blood supply, physiology of digestion.
(3L)
Kidney and Urinary system: Anatomy of urinary system and kidney, physiology of water and
electrolyte balance, acid-base regulation. (4L)
Muscle Tissues: Anatomy, types of muscles, physiology of muscle contraction, generation of action
potential, rhythmicity of cardiac muscle contraction, properties of skeletal and Cardiac muscles.
(6L)
Nervous system: Neuron, anatomy and function of different parts of brain, spinal cord, autonomic
nervous system, special sense organs for taste, smell, sight and hearing. Biological control concept and
feedback mechanism. (7L)
Skeletal system: Structure and properties of bone, skeletal joints, mechanics of the elbow, mechanics of
shoulder, mechanics of spinal column, mechanics of hip, mechanics of knee, mechanics of ankle.
(6L)
List of Books:
1. Human Anatomy and Physiology, Ross and Wilson
2. Anatomy and Physiology, Kenneth and Salad
Advanced Elective II
Paper Name: Bio-instrumentation and Medical Physics
Paper Code:
Evoked potential : Stimulations - Recording - Amplifiers - Analysis and storage : Measurement of average auditory evoked potential - application - visual evoked potential measurement and application -
Brain mappers - magneto encephalogram - principles and measurements. (5L)
Principles of electromyography detection & application - Myoelectric control Introduction -Voluntary
control of myoelectric signals - properties - myoelectric signals - use of myoelectric signal for control -
signal processing and recording. (6L)
Impedance Techniques : Bipolar and tetrapolar circuits , detection of physiological activities using impedance techniques - cardiac output , neural activity , respiratory activity, impedance
plethysmography- resistance and capacitance type. (6L)
Bioelectric Signals and Electrodes : Sources of biomedical signals, basic medical instrumentation system, PC based medical instruments, General constraints in design of medical instrumentation systems,
origin of bioelectric signals, Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electromyogram
(EMG), Electrooculogram (EOG), Electroretinogram (ERG), Recording Electrodes – Electrode-tissue
interface, polarization, skin contact impedance, motion artifacts, Silver-Silver Chloride electrodes, Electrodes for ECG, Electrodes for EEG, Electrodes of EMG, Electrical conductivity of electrode jellies
and creams, microelectrodes.
(10L) Biomedical Recording Systems & Recorders : Electrocardiograph-block diagram, ECG leads, effects of
artifacts, multi-channel, ECG machine, Vector cardiograph, Phonocardiograph-origin of heart sounds,
microphones and amplifiers for PCG, Electroencephalograph- block diagram, computerized analysis of EEG, Electromyograph, biofeedback instrumentation. (8L)
Oximeters, Blood Flow & Cardiac Output Measurement : Oximetry- In-vitro & in-vivo, ear oximetry,
pulse oximetry, skin reflectance oximeters, intravascular oximeter. Electromagnetic blood flowmeter-
principle, square wave electromagnetic flowmeter, Doppler shift ultrasonic flowmeter, flow measurement by Doppler imaging, NMR & Laser Doppler flowmeter, Cardiac output measurement- Indicator & dye
dilution technique, impedance method, ultrasound method.
(8L)
Respiratory Diagnostic & Therapeutic Instruments : Pulmonary function measurement
measurements-respiratory volumes & capacities, compliance & related pressures, dynamic respiratory parameters, basic spirometer, ultrasonic spirometer, pneumotacometer- Fleish& turbine type,
measurement of volume-flow volume curve, nitrogen washout technique. (7L)
Pacemakers & Defibrillator: Need for cardiac pacemaker, external pacemaker, implantable pacemakers-
types, ventricular synchronous demand pacemaker, programmable pacemaker, power sources for implantable pacemakers. Need for defibrillator, DC defibrillator, automatic external defibrillator,
implantable defibrillators. (8L)
Advanced Diagnostic & Therapeutic Instruments : Principle of surgical diathermy & surgical
diathermy machine, Electrodiagnosis-Electrotherapy-functional block diagram and working, interferential
current therapy. Artificial kidney-Principle and haemodialysis machine. Lithotriptors- principle, modern
lithotriptor-block diagram and working. Anesthesia-Need for anesthesia, delivery of anesthesia, anesthesia machine. Infusion pumps-principle and programmable volumetric infusion pump. Principle of
endoscopy and laparoscopy. (10L)
List of Books:
1. Hand Book Of Biomedical Instrumentation, Khandpur
2. Fundamentals of Bio-medical engineering, G. S. Sawhney.
Advanced Elective III
Paper Name: Biomedical Spectroscopy and Medical Imaging
Techniques
Paper Code:
Unit 1: Image Fundamentals: Image Perception, MTF of the visual system, image fidelity criteria, image model, image sampling and quantization – 2 dimensional sampling theory, image quantization, optimum
mean square quantizer, image transforms- 2 D – DFT and other transforms.
(10L) Unit 2: Image processing: Image enhancement –point operation, histogram modelling, spatial operation,
transforms operations. Image restoration- image degradation model, inverse and wiener filtering.
(5L)
Unit 3: Image analysis and classification: Image analysis- spatial feature extraction, edge detection, image segmentation classification technique- statistical methods, neural network approaches.
(10L)
Unit 4: Reconstruction of CT and MRI Images: Image reconstructions from projections-radon transforms, filter back projection algorithm, algebraic methods ,3D tomography, imaging methods of CT images,
imaging methods in magnetic resonance imagers, Fourier reconstructions of Magnetic resonance images.
(7L) Unit 5: Transmission of Medical Images: Medical Image, Data compression & transmission, Transform
coding, pixel coding, predictive coding, interframe coding.
(8L)
Unit 6: Optical characteristics of biomolecules from the point of spectroscopy – principles of UV – Visible
absorption – IR and FTIR absorption – Raman and Fluorescence spectroscopy – application with regard
to characterization of biomolecules – blood oxygen, glucose measurements, monitoring drug concentration, cancer diagnosis. Nuclear spin and nuclear magnetic moment. The hyperfine structure of
the spectra.SternGerlach method and NMR methods (Rabi, Bloch and Purcell) to measure the nuclear
magnetic moments.NMR spectroscopy. Biological tissues magnetization. NMR medical imaging device components.NMR image acquisition and reconstruction. Spatial characteristics of the NMR image.
Functional NMR imaging. NMR image artifacts removing methods. Protection methods during the NMR
image acquisition. Advantage and disadvantage of the NMR imaging as against other medical imaging
methods. (20L)
List of Books:
1. Fundamentals of Medical Imaging, Paul Suetens.
2. Digital image processing using Matlab, R. C. Gonzalaz, Richard. E. Woods, Steven L Eddins
Advanced Elective IV
Paper Name: Biosensors and LASER in Medical Application
Paper Code:
Unit 1: Displacement, motion and Pressure Measurement: (with applications) Resistive: Potentiometers,
Strain Gauges and Bridge Circuits. Inductive: Variable Inductance and LVDT Capacitive type,
Piezoelectric Transducers. Types of Diaphragms, Bellows, Bourdon Tubes. (8L)
Unit 2: Temperature Measurement: Thermistor, Thermocouple, Resistive Temperature Detector, IC
based Temperature Measurement Radiation Sensors (7L)
Unit 3: Chemical Sensors: Blood gas and Acid- Base Physiology, Potentiometric Sensors (pH, pCO2
Electrodes, Amperometric Sensors (pO2), ISFETS, Transcutaneous Arterial O2 and CO2 Tension Monitoring. Fiber Optic Sensors: Principle of Fiber Optics, Fiber Optic Sensors - Temperature, Chemical,
Pressure. Biosensor: Classifications and types with examples.
(8L) Unit 4: MEMS technology: An introduction to Micro sensors and MEMS, Evolution of Micro sensors&
MEMS, Micro sensors & MEMS applications, Microelectronic technologies for MEMS, Micromachining
Technology, Surface and Bulk Micromachining, Micro machined Micro sensors, Mechanical, Inertial,
Biological, Chemical, Acoustic, Microsystems Technology, Integrated Smart Sensors and MEMS, Interface Electronics for MEMS, MEMS Simulators, MEMS for RF Applications, Bonding & Packaging
of MEMS.
(8L) Unit 5: Optical properties of tissues (normal and tumor) - experimental methods to determine the
reflectance, transmittance, absorption and emission properties of tissues. Laser systems in medicine and
biology - Nd-YAG, Ar ion, CO2, Excimer - Gold vapor laser - beam delivery system and control. (8L)
Unit 6: SURGICAL APPLICATIONS OF LASERS : Evaporation and excitation techniques -
sterilization - hemostasis - laryngeal surgery - cancer surgery - liver surgery - stomach surgery -
gynecological surgery - urological surgery - cardiac surgery- lasers in Opthalmology – Dermatology and Dentistry – cosmetic surgery.
(7L)
Unit 7: LASERS IN DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY: Trace elements detection - laser induced fluorescence studies - cancer diagnosis - photo radiation therapy of tumors - lasers in endoscopy – lasers
in laproscopy – lasers in trapping of cells and genetic engineering - biosimulation.
(7L) Unit 8: LASER SAFETY REGULATIONS: Basic laser safety – eye hazards – skin hazards – electrical
hazards – fire and flood hazards – laser safety classes – technical precautions – nontechnical measures –
laser safety regulations – common obstacles – laser medical surveillance.
(7L)
Paper Name: Advanced Elective Lab I (Bio-instrumentation Lab)
Paper Code:
1. Experiments and calibration with EEG machine
2. Experiments and calibration with ECG machine
3. Experiments with Pulse-oximeter machine
4. Experiments with Audiometer.
5. Sensor and Transducer Lab
Paper Name: Advanced Elective Lab I (Microprocessor Image
Processing Lab)
Paper Code:
Details will be provided later.
