Department of Computer Science and Technology...

Department of Computer Science and Technology 2013-14

Subject Code & Name: 040020104- Open Source Technology

Ms. Pooja Mistry

Module-1

Short Questions

1. What does the term free refer to in context of free software2. What is source code?3. What does FLOSS stands for?4. List the pros of FLOSS.5. What is closed source?6. List at least three myths about an open source.7. What do you mean by proprietary software?8. What is freeware?9. List at least three benefits of open source system.10. What does Zend Encoder do?11. List at least five proprietary operating systems.12. What is FLOSS?13. List at least five free operating systems.14. How you relate cost with free software?15. What is “share and share alike” principle?16. Can I sell Open Source programs? Even if I haven't written it?17. Can I stop "evil people" from using my program?18. What is "free software" and is it the same as "open source"?

Long Question

1. What is the dual license business model? How MySQL AB ensure that company’s copyrightownership of their product is never diluted.

2. Differentiate open source software and proprietary software.3. Describe the advantages offered by open source over closed source.4. Justify: “Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow”.5. How we can say that open source has also contributed culturally? [Hint: Translation]6. What the facts and myths about open source software? Explain each in detail.7. Justify: “Open Source is transparent”.8. Write a note on evolution of open source development.9. What do you mean by artistic license? What is problematic about it according to FSF?10. Write a detail note on any media sharing open source tool.11. Explain BIND utility in detail.12. Compare open source software with proprietary software on the basis of usefulness, cost and

convenience factor.13. What is open source? Discuss the economic impact of open source.



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14. What is web server? Explain in detail the WWW and Apache Web Server.15. List two open source web browser. Explain any one in detail.16. Write a detail note on “MySql – Open Source and Dual Licensing”.17. What is LAMP? Explain P of LAMP in detail.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following says that “Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow”?a. Open source is secure because of the involvement of the more contributors from

diverse area.b. Open source is not secure than proprietary software.c. Open source is not accessible to others without any license.d. None of above

2. _________ is the most widely ported operating system.a. Windowsb. MACc. Linuxd. DOS

3. The basic function of BIND is toa. Translating a IP addresses into symbolic host domain namesb. Translating a source code into object codec. Translating symbolic host domain names into IP addressesd. Translating a object code into source code

4. Which of the following is not an open source license?a. GPLb. BSDc. Any proprietary licensed. MIT

5. The _________ software lets proprietary Windows application portably run on Linux.a. GCCb. UNIXc. Wined. BIND

6. Free software is referred bya. OSIb. FSFc. Both a & bd. None of above

7. FLOSS stands for



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a. Free Language Open Source Systemb. Free Language Open Source Softwarec. Free Libre Open Source Systemd. Free Libre Open Source Software

8. Which of the following open source project appears in the 90s?a. EMACSb. XFree86c. KDEd. None of the above

9. Apache web server was developed ina. 1983b. 1994c. 1991d. 1992

10. Which of the following is a myth about open source?a. Open source is not License.b. Open source is not free of cost.c. Open source is having hidden cost.d. Open source requires source code of the software.

11. Sendmail isa. a close source Internet e-mail application.b. a open source browser.c. a open source Internet e-mail application.d. a close source browser.

12. Which of the following best define a web browser?a. It is a face of the Internet for the user.b. It is a key for accessing the capabilities of Internet.c. Both a & b.d. None of the above.

13. Firefox web browser is being portable to which of following operating system?a. Windows.b. Linux.c. Apple.d. All of above.

14. Fetchmail isa. a close source utility to retrieve e-mail from remote mail servers.b. a open source browser to view e-mails.c. a open source utility to retrieve e-mail from remote mail servers.d. a close source browser to view e-mails



Ms. Pooja Mistry

15. The new compilation engine, which used a compile first and then execute approach which wasseparable from PHP4 wasa. Geckob. Zendc. Bothd. None of the above

16. One of the two groups who established the roots of OSS are:a. The founders of the GNU projectb. The creator of BSD UNIXc. The founder of GNOME projectd. A & Be. None of the above

True/False

1. Access to source code makes it easier to detect security flaws in software.2. We will not be concerned about the difference between free or open source license.3. Open source applications can’t be customized by anyone.4. The ability to customize source code may enable improvements to the best practices.5. With proprietary software user gets locked to a particular vendor.6. Open source software may need to be developed further with existing proprietary software.7. Proprietary software is superior in terms of portability than open source.8. Open source is transparent.9. Open source software is more secure and reliable than proprietary software.10. UNIX is a free operating system.11. Linux is a free operating system.12. With open source software, source code is not at all required with compiled code.13. Open source software can be used for commercial purposes.14. MySQL is an open source and dual licensing database.15. Open source software does not require any license.16. With open source it is not possible to get any economic benefit to developer of open source.

Fill in the Blanks

1. The ________________________ develops and maintain standards for the World Wide Web.2. Open source softwareis portable because: ______________________________________.3. __________ is a free operating system.4. _____________ is an example of dual license business model.5. CPAN stands for ____________________________________________________.6. BitTorrent is created by______________________________.



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7. The _______&________ software exhibits the dual license business model.8. BitTorrent is used to ________________________________________.9. NCSA stands for ____________________________________________.10. _____________ is an example of open source web server.11. HTTP protocol was designed to retrieve ____________ documents over a network.12. BIND stands for ____________________________________.

Module 2

Short Questions

1. Which are three major architectural components of GNOME?2. What is Terminal Emulator? Give its example.3. Provide the use of diff and patch command of UNIX.4. What makes UNIX highly portable to different hardware platforms?5. Define kernel.6. What is the objective of GNOME project?7. Nameat least threeopen source development hosting facilities and directories.8. What is Kool Desktop Environment?9. List at least three features of Linux operating system.10. What will be the result of:

I.diff AB > CII.patch A < C

11. What is WinCVS? Which license is followed by WinCVS?12. What will be the result of following:

I.cvs –Q update -p13. What is subversion?14. Provide the difference between stable release and development release.15. What is the use of cvs log command?16. List at least four communication technologies used in open source project development.17. What is SCM? Give examples of SCM.18. What is Git?19. Do cvs update command will modified the master copy in the repository?20. What is CodeVille?21. What is Monotone? On which Operating System it runs?

Long Questions

1. Discuss in detail on the creation of following Operating Systems: UNIX, Linux.2. List out Windowing Systems. Explain any one of them in detail.



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3. What is GIMP? Explain the list of features provided by GIMP. Why the plug-insis important inGIMP?

4. What is CVS? Explain it as the open source version control tool.5. How would you check out a project from a repository? Explain in detail the process with

essential commands.6. Briefly narrate the process of updating a working copy of the project with reference to CVS.7. What are standards? Discuss on open standards for Unix-like operating systems.8. Describe in detail the importance and features of Sourceforge.9. Write a detail note on the X Window System.10. Explain in detail: GNU Network Object Model Environment.11. State the characteristics of BitKeeper and Git.12. Explain in detail: Kool Desktop Environment.13. What are patches and releases? Discuss on how they are handled.14. Write a detailed note on Branches in CVS-and Forks.15. How can conflicts be recognized while modification process of a project?16. Differentiate the Commit and Update commands.17. How to update working copy in CVS?18. Explain the lock-modify-unlock and copy-modify-merge model for concurrent software

development.19. Explain the cvs commit command in detail with proper example.20. How can Log command be useful to subsequent project developers of an open-source

project?21. What is subversion? How is subversion different from CVS?22. Describe CodeVille and Monotone decentralized System.23. How is Monotone different from CodeVille?


1. Which of the following cvs command option will directs the result of the cvs command tostandard output?

a. cvs –Qb. cvs –dc. cvs –ld. cvs -P

2. Which of the following is not a communication technology used in open source development?a. E-mailb. Mailing listc. Newsgroupsd. Forumse. Formal meting



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3. Which of the following is UNIX standard initiated in mid-1980?a. POSIXb. Single Unix Specificationc. a and b bothd. only ae. none of above

4. POSIX isa. Set of standards defined by IEEE and recognized by ISO.b. An e-mail retrieval utility for UNIX operating system.c. a open source operating system.d. UNIX based web server.

5. A simple but important managerial/marketing decision by LINUX core team members was theuse of

a. Release only stable versions of LINUX.b. Release only developer version of LINUX first and after its entire development

release a stable version.c. Release stable as well as developer version of LINUX.d. Release only development versions of LINUX.

6. Which of the following is a central organizational tool for coordinating kernel developer?a. Fetchmailb. Kernel mailing listc. Sendmaild. None of above

7. Which of the following best define credited developers?a. Who has better language knowledgeand are listed in credit file.b. Who have made substantial contribution in the development and are listed in credit

file.c. Both a and bd. None of these

8. KDE stands fora. Kool Development Entityb. Kernel Development Entityc. Kool Development Environmentd. Kernel Development Environment

9. KDE code is available undera. General Public Licenseb. Lesser/Library General Public Licensec. Berkeley Software Distribution Licensed. Mozilla Public License



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10. Which of the following is/are the feature(s) of the GIMP tool?a. Image Viewingb. Image Editingc. Image Encryptingd. Both a & be. None of the above

11. CVS is aa. Text based client server open source version control tool.b. GUI based client server open source version control tool.c. Both a & bd. None of the above

12. The new added line is preceded by ____ in the output of cvs diff command.a. + ( a plus sign)b. * (an asterisk sign)c. ! (an exclamation mark)d. ++ (a double plus sign)

13. In output of cvs diff command a line preceded by ! (an exclamation mark) marks denotes_______.

a. A line is added in the current version of a file.b. A line unchanged in the current version of a file.c. A line removed from the current version of a file.d. A line changed in the current version that appears differently from the previous

version of a file.14. The cvs update command requires

a. Only read permission on the repository.b. Read and write permission on the repository.c. Only write permission on the repository.d. Execute permission on the repository.

15. The cvs followsa. Lock-modify-unlock model.b. Copy-modify-merge model.c. Both a & bd. None of the above

16. A _______________ is a commercial, proprietary, decentralized versioning system.a. CVSb. GNU/RCSc. SCCSd. BitKeeper



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True/False

1. A UNIX culture developed that was strongly dependent on having access of C++ code.2. POSIX standards include a compliance suite called the Conformance Test Suite.3. The CVS interface is graphical user interface oriented.4. The developer version of a software is an under development version which is less stable.5. The –Q command option of cvs command directs the results of the command to standard

input.6. The –p command option of cvs command tells the CVS program to operate in quite mode.7. The RCS stands for Revision Control System.8. The delta compression includes differences between successive compressions.9. Environment variable CVSROOT can be used in place of –d option when working with cvs

command.10. The cvs commit and update commands are same.11. CVS loses parallel commits.12. The cvs checkout command gets a copy of most recent version of a project from the

repository.13. To identify the changes between server and client copy we need to execute cvs update

command.14. The cvs save command stores the modification made in local copy to the repository.15. CVS can also send so-called commit emails to notify developers and other interested parties

about commits.16. The process of integrating developer changes with the project’s master copy or repository is

called merging.17. Shell or command line interpreter is a part of Linux kernel developed by Linus Torvalds.18. BitKeeper keeps track of single file changes with automatically applied change set.19. Source Forge is owned by Open Source Technology Group.

Fill in the Blanks

1. The GNU project sponsored by _____________had as its ultimate objective the creation of aself-contained free software platform.

2. _____________ is a free replacement for Adobe Photoshop.3. The root system that serves as the reference model for Open Source Operating System is

__________.4. BSD Stands for _________________________.5. The Unix Operating System was developed at AT&T’s _______________Laboratories during

1970.6. The C language was invented by __________and _______________.



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7. Two related standards of UNIX are the __________standard and ______________, both ofwhich were invented in mid-1980s.

8. POSIX is acronym for ______________________________________________________.9. A _____________ is a program that runs on PC and let it interacting with a remote computer

to execute programs available on the remote machine.10. The _______________ system lets programmer develop GUIs for bitmap displays on UNIX

and other platforms which do not come with windowing capabilities.11. GNOME stands for ____________________.12. CVS stands for _______________.13. RCS stands for __________.14. The UNIX__________ command uses the textual differences between an original file A and

revised file B.15. The __________ command updates the local working copy with respect to the current

repository copy.16. _______________provides its own Collaborative Development System.

Module 3

Short Questions

1. What kinds of development open source project are?2. What is social psychology?3. What is the difference between internationalization and identification with respect to

interaction in groups?4. What is normative influence?5. What is peer group?6. Define: group cohesion.7. Define: social connectivity.8. Define: social proxy.9. Describe: cognitive model.10. What is cognitive bias?11. What is cognitive inertia?12. What is cognitive synchronization?13. What is cognitive simplification?14. What is process bias?15. What is confirmatory bias?16. What is positive-test bias?17. What is cognitive style?18. What is cognitive dissonance?



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19. What are the three factors on which the performance of a group depends?20. What is weak copyleft?21. State the importance of licenses for software?22. What is the difference between license and bare license?23. Define copyright infringement.24. State the difference between open source and public domain?25. What is an academic license?26. What is the use of Tradesecrets?27. Which type of intellectual property is protected by trademark?28. Which kind of software work are said to be in the public domain?29. What is fair use?30. Which type of intellectual property is protected by patent?31. What is sublicense?32. How the process reverse engineering can be done more complex?

Long Questions

1. What generally can be a group size of any open source project? Show the statisticsof groupsize with examples and also brief about the scale and measurement of communications ofparticipants in open source project.

2. “Group size and group’s problem affect the productivity of software development project “.Justify your answer.

3. Discuss in detail how a social psychology is useful in understanding the distributedcollaborative software development of open source projects.

4. Define freeware. Provide names of other miscellaneous types of proprietary software andalso discuss on them in brief.

5. Explain three factors that affect on group productivity.6. Discuss in detail on the impact of human behavior on the development of open source

project as it is a distributed, collaborative, partly volunteer software development.7. Explain license. State the importance of licenses for software? Differentiate the major

objectives behind a proprietary license and an open source license. Is sublicensing applicableto open source software? Justify.

8. What is cognitive model? Explain in detail.9. “Social psychology affects the productivity of software development project“. Justify your

answer.10. Explain the nature of development, administration and management ofopen source project.11. “Every good work of software starts by scratching a developer’s personal itch”. Justify your

answer.12. Discuss in brief on models for cognitive process and how cognitive factors affects problem



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solving in software engineering particularly for groups.13. What is cognitive bias? How the awareness of various cognitive biases can help in the

software development?14. What kind of problems can arises in group development? Also discuss on the impact of

problem type on the problem solving or productivity of a group.15. What is the impact of computer-supported communication on group productivity and how

can productivity be enhanced by such processes?16. Discuss in detail on a wide range of environmental and media characteristics that affect

collaboration.17. What are Copyrights? State the importance of the Copyrights to the creator of a work? Is it

possible to copyright software? How?18. How patents differ from copyrights?19. Differentiate: contract vs. License.20. What are different types of license? Explain BSD and MPL license in detail.21. Discuss the issues regarding the constraints impose by license on “licensee” and “licensor”.22. What EULA stands for? Provide use of EULA.23. How trademarks beneficial to open source products?24. Write a brief note on trade secrets, nondisclosure agreements, reverse engineering and

obfuscation?25. Describe the process of open source software development.26. What are trademarks? How are trademarks beneficial to proprietary or open source

products?27. How trademark can limit forking in the open source project?28. What do you understand by Public Domain? What benefits are derived if a work undergoes

Public Domain?29. What is reverse engineering and obfuscation? Discuss both with respect to open source.30. Name at least three mechanisms to kept software secret. Also discuss in detail the way these

mechanisms are applied and state the advantages of them.31. List any five criteria for open source certification as laid down by open source initiative.32. Explain economic motivation for participation in open source project.33. What do you understand by public domain? What benefits are derived if a work undergoes

public domain?


1. ______________________ is software provided free of charge by its developer or author.a. Freewareb. Sharewarec. Nagware



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d. Adware2. ___________________ is called try-before-you-buy software.

a. Freewareb. Sharewarec. Nagwared. Adware

3. ___________________ is a shareware which regularly remind that the program is not free ofcharge.

a. Freewareb. Sharewarec. Nagwared. Adware

4. Free of charge software that displays advertisement is called _____________.a. Freewareb. Sharewarec. Nagwared. Adware

5. OSI was founded to counter commercial concerns abouta. Free softwareb. Open source softwarec. Both a and bd. None of These

6. Which of the following is not OSI License Certification Criteria:a. Free redistributionb. No product restrictionc. Nondiscriminationd. Software License Cost

7. Which are Non protective open source Licenses:a. BSDb. Apache Licensec. GPLd. a & be. a, b & c

8. NPL stands fora. Netscape Public Licenseb. Network Public Licensec. National Public Licensed. Nominal Public License

9. __________ is most popular form of license used representing license of 70% open Source



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Projects.a. GPLb. GIMPc. BSDd. GNU

10. Copyleft is _______________a. a novel licensing concept incorporated by GPLb. a novel licensing concept incorporated by BSDc. a novel licensing concept incorporated by GNUd. a novel licensing concept incorporated by GIMP

11. LGPL previously calleda. Lesser GPLb. Longer GPLc. Larger GPLd. Library GPL

12. The task is said to be conjunctive if group outcome depends ona. few members of groupb. individual member of groupc. every individual member of groupd. All of the abovee. None of the above

True/False

1. If a license is sub-licensable, “then any distributor has the right to grant a license to thesoftware, including its components, directly to third parties”.

2. Copyleft says that anyone who redistributes the software with or without changes must passalong the freedom to future copy and change it.

3. A cognitive bias refers to the propensity of group.4. A cognitive model defined by how people behave rather than how people think.5. Attitude is defined as general, persistent evaluation of person or issue created by another

person.6. Identification refers to agreement that occurs before objective corresponds to an individual’s

own belief.7. Internationalization refers to agreement that occurs when an individual appropriates a

Group’s expectations as his own.8. The degree to which existing members are motivated to remain participants in a group is

called group coupling.9. The use of uninhibited or angry communication in computer supported communications is



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called attitude.10. The CVS watches options provide lesser degree of translucence by enabling contributors to

be automatically notified regarding who is working on files.11. Divisible task are those that lend themselves to partitioning into subtasks.12. Unitary task can be practically divided into subtask.13. Cohesion is determined by both the characteristics of the task and abilities needed for

individual to implement the task.14. Freeware is a software provided free of charge by its developer but its distribution and

redistribution remains under the control of the developer.15. Freeware software copies can be sold by the user and commercial use is also allowed.

Fill in the Blanks

1. ___________is specific kind of shareware that omits some of the functionality of thecomplete version.

2. SourceForge uses a designation called _________________ and automatically associates toeach project it lists.

3. ________________ are the agreements reached by member of group, concerning whatshould and should not be done by its member.

4. __________ are the agreement to specify who must do something.5. Group whose members are not significantly differentiated by differences in status, power

relationship or task expertise is called _________.6. The degree to which existing members are motivated to remain participants in a group is

called ___________________.7. The number of person with whom an individual is in regular communication is called

___________________.8. _________________factors in group interaction must be distinguished from objective

performance factors.9. The use of uninhabited in computer supported communication is called

_____________________.10. Interpersonal conflict between collaborative groups is called _____________________.11. Conflicts between parties can be differentiating in conflict of _______________ and conflict

of _______________.12. _____________________ is a new phenomenon and open source development is a unique

type of distribution collaboration.13. _________________ describes how people think.14. __________________ cognition requires establishing objectives, paying attention to the

information needed for the task.15. The worst case scenario from the open project point of view is failure in ________________.



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16. A ______________________ refers to the propensity of individuals to be consistent orpredictable in their cognitive behavior.

17. __________________________ refer to as which group is shift toward an extreme of analready preferred tendency.

18. _____________________ is non-bias group cognitive process that occurs when memberssynchronize to make sure they have common shared representation of problem.

Module 4

Short Questions

1. Give at least two reasons why people do open development from an economic perspective.2. What is open source business model?3. List at least three open source business models.4. Give an example of open source consultancy.5. What is Total Cost of Ownership?6. What do you mean by vendor lock-in?7. Give at least two real time example of vendor lock-in.8. What is positive network effect?9. What is dual licensing?10. List at least two software which is licensed as open and proprietary.11. Provide an example of vertical development with OSS and Horizontal arrangements.12. In which business model would the Eclipse project and its various plug-ins fall under?13. What is a signaling model for motivation?14. What do you understand by negative network effect? Give an example.15. What are economies of scope?

Long Questions

1. Write a detail note on open source business model.2. Discuss in detail on open source development economic and business point of view of.3. Explain standard economic effects in detail.4. Discuss vendor lock-in and network effects in detail.5. Write a detail not on hybrid proprietary/open business model.6. State the reasons behind the evolution of various open source business models. Which

business model according to you is the best and why? Also quote valid real world examples.7. “An increase in the value of a product or services, the greater the number of people who use

the product or services”. Justify your answer.8. Explain economic motivation for participation in open source project.9. What do you understand by the mixed-mode of commercial software development?



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10. Discuss on the ways developer can get paid for their involvement in open development.11. What are the impacts of open standards on software development? Discuss on it in brief

using examples.12. Discuss on impact of open source in the total cost of ownership.13. Write a detail note on a signaling model for motivation.


1. Which of the software is an example of vendor lock-in?a. Linuxb. Apachec. Microsoft Wordd. GNU C Compiler

2. MySQL follows _______ license.a. Dual licensingb. BSDc. GPLd. LGPL

3. Which of the following is not one of the top business models used in open source:a. Dual Licensingb. Platform Providersc. OS Providersd. All of the abovee. None of the above

4. The effects of vendor lock-in arise witha. Only in Proprietary softwareb. Only in Open Source Softwarec. In both but most likely in Proprietary Softwared. None of this.

5. Open Source Provides user:a. Freedomb. Controlc. Relative independenced. Only a and be. a, b, cf. none of the above

6. The Network effect is also calleda. Network Externalitiesb. Network Internalitiesc. Network Values



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d. Network Utilities7. The TOTAL cost of ownership for software consists of

a. The direct cost onlyb. The indirect cost onlyc. All the direct and indirect costd. None of the above

8. Vendor-lock-in is:a. Technical Effectb. Perceptual Effectc. Both a and bd. None of these.

True/False

1. The greater the number of people who use the product or service will increase in the value ofa product or service.

2. Providing Open Software Distributions and Services is not an open source business model.3. A commodity traditionally refers to a widely demanded generic product.4. The total cost of ownership for software consist only cost of purchasing and deploying.5. TCO stands for Total Cost of Organization.6. TCO is frequently used by proprietary software providers as a metric to discourage the use of

open source.7. Proprietary software producers like Microsoft are under pressure, not merely from

competitive open source operating systems like Linux, but from open source applicationsacross the board.

Fill in the Blanks

1. TCO stands for _____________________________________________.2. The British OSS consulting firm GBdirect is an excellent example ofa

_______________________________ business model3. ______________________ is an example of dual licensing business model.4. ______________________ is most promising method for crucial case analysis.5. _________ and ____________ do not support the cultural, sociological explanation for

participation.6. The Key reference variable interpreted as a ____________ was the ASF project status

attained by participants.7. _____________ may seem to be a destroyer of value, but new value opportunities simply

emerge elsewhere.8. The British OSS consulting firm _____________ is an excellent example of business model

that is based on company’s expertise across a broad spectrum of Open Source Product.



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9. Separate application and services are also called packages which can selectively install using____________.

10. Red Hat includes the copyright of _____________.11. ___________ lets the owner of a copyrighted licensed product provide free and open

distribution for nonprofit users.12. Software product as _______________________ have positive network.13. Large multipliers amplify the ______________ and _____________ costs.

Module 5

Short Questions

1. Who is the father of Free Software movement?2. Give at least three criteria for OSI Open Source Definition.3. What are the features of EMACS editor developed by Richard M Stallman?4. What is GCC?5. Which are the two groups who established the open source roots in Unites States?6. What is OSI?7. What is the key factor for the government to use open source software?8. What is FSF?9. State the acronym of GNU.10. List at least three tools designed with the GNU Project.11. Which software is “free software” according to the FSF?12. Provide the OSI definition of open source software.13. List five open source initiative approved license.14. When was the term “Open Source” first used and by whom?15. Define auditability in your own words.

Long Questions

1. Write a detail not on Open Source Definition.2. Which are the two major organizations which promote the open style of development?

Which terms they are using for it? What are the controversy between these terms and whatis a solution to this controversy?

3. What are the distribution criteria for open source software?4. What is free software? Explain it and write the different between “open source” and “free

software”.5. Which are the four freedoms that requires for software to be “free software”? Explain these

freedoms in detail.



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6. What conclusion can you draw about the future of open source movement?7. Provide details aboutopen source initiative along with its basic functionalities and roles.8. What is GNU? Discuss about the GNU Project.9. Explain FSF along with its basic objectives and characteristics. Also explain its roles and

responsibility.10. Explain how open source is beneficial to the education sector.11. “Free software also enables commercial software development with less capitalization.”

Justify your answer.12. Explain how open source is beneficial to the public sector.13. What do you think about the future of open source movement?14. Explain how open source is beneficial to the government sector.


1. In Stallman’s definition of free software, “Free” means:a. Free as in “Free beer”b. Free as in “Free speech”c. Free as in “Free of charge”d. All of the abovee. None of the above

2. In Stallman’s definition, which of the following is true for Free Software?a. Closed source software which are freely availableb. Libre softwarec. Software that can be modified, studied and distributed with no restriction, but may

not be free of charged. B and Ce. None of the above

3. Linus Torvalds created the Linux kernel ina. 1983b. 1984c. 1991d. 1992

4. 4. GCC and GDB area. Parts of a Linux kernel.b. Desktop environments.c. Tools of the GNU Projects.d. Text Editors.

5. KDE and GNOME area. Language compilers.



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b. Parts of a kernel.c. Desktop environments.d. Text Editors.

6. Which of the following is a not OSI License criterion?a. Source codeb. Distribution of Licensec. No discrimination against fields of endeavord. License must be specific to a product

7. Which of the following best describes “Open Source”?a. Is a movement that emphasize on source codeb. Talks about the freedom that users are havingc. The term used by Richard Stallman to promote open style of developmentd. All of the above

8. Which of the following define Kernel?a. A part of an operating system that work with hardwareb. A part of an operating system that allocates resourcesc. Only (a)d. Both (a) & (b)

9. Which of the following event occurred in the history of open source in 1984?a. Stallman created the Free Software Foundation.b. Linus Torvalds created a Linux Kernel.c. Stallman quit MIT and started the GNU Project.d. Open Source Initiative was started.

10. Which of the following best describe Free Software?a. Closed source software which is freely available.b. Open source software having freedom to copy, modify and distribute.c. Open source software, with or without source code.d. Open source software with license not to modify.

11. Which of the following is a myth about open source?a. Open source isn’t License.b. Open source is free of cost.c. Open source is a fad (trend).d. All (a) , (b) & (c)

12. Which of the following event occurred in the history of open source in 1996?a. Stallman created the Free Software Foundation.b. Marc Ewing created his own Unix distribution called RedHat.c. Stallman quit MIT and started the GNU Project.d. Open Source Initiative was started.

13. Who started the GNU project?



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a. Rasmus Lardrofb. MC Coolc. Richard Stallmand. Andresson

14. OSI is an organization established to foster a better relationship betweena. free software movement and free softwareb. open source business model and free softwarec. free software foundation and free softwared. free software movement and business

15. GNUa. is proprietary operating system.b. is other distribution of Unix operating system.c. is GNU’s Unix like free operating system.d. is compiler for C language.

16. GNU GPL isa. designed to put restriction using copyright on use of software.b. designed to ensure software produced by GNU will remain free.c. designed to make software closed source.d. a license for proprietary software.

17. OSI is an organization established to foster a better relationship between thea. free software movement and free software.b. open source business model and free software.c. free software foundation and free software.d. free software movement and business.

18. OSI founded in the yeara. 1998b. 1997c. 1990d. 1980

19. FSF was founded in the yeara. 1980b. 1985c. 1981d. 1975

20. In 1998a. Open source term was first used.b. Free software term was first used.c. Linus Torvalds wrote kernel.d. Free software foundation was created.



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21. Who was the founder of the Free Software Foundation?a. Richard Stallmanb. Ian Murdockc. Linus Torvaldsd. None of the above

22. Which of the following best describe firmware?a. Closed source software which are freely available.b. Open source software having freedom to copy, modify and distribute.c. Open source software, with or without source code.d. d. Open source software with license not to modify.

True/False

1. Free software is an intentionally intended to resonate with values of freedom.2. Free software is software which can’t be sold.3. With open source software, source code is not at all required with compiled code.4. Free software movement is totally an anti-commercial movement.5. Free software and freeware are not same.6. Free Software Foundation is a more practical approach than the open source movement.7. Open Source Initiative emphasis on the source code of a software.8. OSI is a nonprofit organization created by Linus Torvalds.9. FSF is a nonprofit organization created by Richard M Stallman.10. The GNU is an open source operating system designed by Richard Stallman.11. Free software also enables commercial software development with less capitalization.

Fill in the Blanks

1. GNU stands for _____________________________________________.2. A ___________ gave the user the right to copy, change and redistribute modified programs.3. GPL stands for ______________________________________________.4. ______________________________ started the GNU project.5. A _________ and __________ are an example of mixed(open & close source) approaches.6. GCC stands for _________________________________________.7. ______________________ is the open source repository and center for free software

development.8. The ______________ sponsors the GNU project.119. The ______________ is an example of proprietary mega applications.10. WAMP stands for _________________________________________________.11. A GNU ________ command combines a set of files into one file and also preserving file

system.



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12. DFSG stands for _________________________________________________.

Module 6

Short Questions

1. What is software?2. What is Operating System?3. What is application?4. List the major component of an operating system.5. When & where UNIX operating system is created?6. Who is the creator of UNIX?7. Who is the founder of organization named Free Software Foundation?8. What is forking?9. What is the Full form of GPL&LGPL?10. Who is the founder of cooperative software development project named LINUX?11. What are system utilities?12. List three different configurations of Red Hat Enterprise Linux.13. What is the full form of RHN?14. Which are two desktops popular on Linux systems?15. List two ways to specify path in Linux file system.16. Which program on GNOME desktop displays the content of a directory?17. Which command is used to display current working directory?18. List any five Linux commands.19. Define software license.20. What is Project Athena?21. What are graphical libraries?

Long Questions

1. Explain Operating system functions and its major components.2. Write a detail note on "Free Software Foundation" and the GNU Project.3. Explain arrival of Linux System and write note on its features.4. Explain Linux Distribution and its components and enlist various popular Linux distributions.5. Write a detail note on “Linux File system concepts" and naming rules.6. Explain Managing files with graphical utilities in a detail.7. Write a note on working at command line and also explain commands to explore directories

and viewing files.8. Write a detail note on "X Window System".9. Explain two different popular desktop interfaces and its features.



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10. Write a detail note on OpenOffice.org and also explain its application & features.11. Explain: OpenOffice.org Writer, OpenOffice.org Calc.12. Write a detail note on component of X Windows System.13. Write a note on KDE Interface in detail.14. Write a note on GNOME Interface in detail.15. How to work with Graphical Windows. Discuss in detail.


1. Which of the following are components of an Operating system?a. Device driverb. Graphical user interfacec. kerneld. A, B & Ce. None of above

2. UNIX operating system is created bya. Linus Torvalds.b. Richard Stallman.c. Ken Thompson & Dennis Ritchie.d. Rasmus Lerdorf.

3. UNIX is created in early _______________s?a. 1972b. 1970c. 1969d. 1985

4. Which of the following is not Linux distributor?a. Xandrosb. Sun Micro Systemsc. Fedorad. Debian

5. Which of the following is Red Hat Enterprise Linux configuration?a. Application serverb. System serverc. Organizational serverd. None of above

6. In a Linux which of the following is set of permissions to use the system?a. User Rightsb. User Accountc. User Permission



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d. Credentials7. Which of this is a featureof GNOME?

a. Main menub. Multiple level of menuc. All of aboved. None of above

8. Multiple level of directories in Linux system are arranged in which structure?a. Hierarchicalb. Branching treelikec. Both A & Bd. None of above

9. GNOME STANDS fora. Gnu Object Model Environmentb. Graphical Object Model Environmentc. GUI Object Model Environmentd. None of these

10. Which of THE following is not standard Linux Subdirectory of Root directory?a. /libb. /rootc. /subd. /sbin

11. Which of THE following is graphical program for GNOME desktop?a. Nautilusb. sbinc. Driverd. None of above

12. The ls –l command gives output asa. Detail Information for a fileb. Number of lines in a filec. Detail information about line, word & characterd. None of above

13. WHICH of the following command updates a file's last accessed Timestamp?a. moreb. zcatc. touchd. None of above

14. The Red Hat Enterprise Linux product line includes several versions such asa. WS, ES, AS and Professional Workstationb. core1 & core2



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c. WS, WE, WAd. WS, Fedora, and ES

15. Which of the following directory is the beginning of the Linux directory?a. /rootb. /c. /homed. /dev/hda

16. Which command is used to start the X Window System if you are using a graphical login?a. xdmb. startxc. xinitd. xinitrc

17. Which of THE following is office suite in Linux system?a. GNOMEb. KDEc. OpenOffice.orgd. None of above

True/False

1. GUI are the software program that manages the hardware and operating System2. Graphical User Interface is also called desktop Interface.3. The Linux Kernel alone provides the functionality of full-blown operating system.4. Linux desktop interface can be reconfigured.5. GNOME desktop does not support multiple level of menus that group programs together by

subject.6. Linux file system, file & directory names can be long up to 256 characters and contains

multiple periods.7. Multiple level of directories in a Linux system, are arranged in hierarchical structure.8. File manager on GNOME desktop is called Nautilus.9. A "more” command is used to display the content of a file on-screen, one screen at a time.10. A graphical software environment used by Linus System is known as X Window System.11. The project sponsored by DEC& MIT to create a graphical environment for UNIX is called

"Project Athena".12. X client program communicates with the video card to create image on the screen.

Fill in the Blank

1. Machine readable instructions used to execute a program are called ________________.2. FSF stands for ________________________.



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3. _________________ is the founder of Linux system.4. File manager on GNOME is called________________.5. ________________ &________________ are two popular desktop interfaces.6. LGPL stand for ________________________.7. A ________________ command is used to update a file's last accessed timestamp.8. A _______________ command displays matching file & directory names anywhere on the

system.9. OpenSource.org is referred by people as ________________ &________________.10. StarOffice is developed by a German company called __________________.

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