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DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
ABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY, MARDAN, PALOSA
CAMPUS CHARSADDA
Scheme of Studies for BS Chemistry Four Years Program
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SCHEME OF STUDIES, BS (4-YEAR) PROGRAM IN CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry Palosa Campus Charsadda, AWKUM
Course Title Credit hours
Semester - I Theory Practical
ENG-100 English-I (Functional)
3 0
GEN-100 General-I 3 0
GEN-101 General-II 3 0
MATH-100 Mathematics-I Mathematics-I/Functional Biology
3 0
COMP-100 Computer and Its Applications in Chemistry
3 0
CHEM-151 Inorganic Chemistry
3 1
Total 18 1
Semester - II Theory Practical
ENG-200 English-II (Functional)
3 0
GEN-200 Islamic Studies / Ethics
2 0
GEN-201 General-III 3 0
MATH-200 Mathematics-II/Functional Biology/University Optional
3 0
STAT-100 Statistics 3 0
CHEM-161 Organic Chemistry
3 1
Total 17 1
Semester - III Theory Practical
ENG-300 English-III (Report Writing)
3 0
GEN-300 Pakistan Studies
2 0
GEN-301 General-IV 3 0
GEN-302 General-V 3 0
CHEM-141 Environmental Chemistry
2 0
CHEM-171 Physical Chemistry
3 1
Total 16 1
Semester - IV Theory Practical
ENG-400 English-IV / University Optional
3 0
3
GEN-400 General-VI 3 0
GEN-401 General-VII 3 0
CHEM-111 Analytical Chemistry
2 0
CHEM-121 Industrial Chemistry
2 0
CHEM-131 Biochemistry
2 0
Total 15 0
Course Title Credit hours
Semester - V Theory Practical
CHEM-251 Inorganic Chemistry 3 1
CHEM-261 Organic Chemistry 3 1
CHEM-271 Physical Chemistry 3 1
CHEM-211 Analytical-/ CHEM-231 Bio-Chemistry
3 1
Total 12 4
Semester - VI Theory Practical
CHEM-351 Inorganic Chemistry 3 1
CHEM-361 Organic Chemistry 3 1
CHEM-371 Physical Chemistry 3 1
CHEM-311 Analytical-/ CHEM-331 Bio- Chemistry
3 1
Total 12 4
Semester - VII: Specialization (Inorganic/ Organic/Physical/Applied/ Analytical/Bio Chemistry)
Theory Practical
Paper-I 3 0
Paper-II 3 0
Paper-III 3 0
Practical-I 0 1
Elective Course-I (other than the field of specialization)
3 0
Research Project / Advanced Practical / Position Paper (literature survey)
0 2
Total 12 3
Semester - VIII : Specialization (Inorganic/ Organic/Physical/ Applied/ Analytical-/Bio-Chemistry
Theory Practical
Paper - IV 3 0
Paper - V 3 0
Paper - VI 3 0
Practical - II 0 1
Elective Course - II (other than the field of specialization)
3 0
4
Research Project / Advanced Practical / Position Paper (write-up)
0 2
Total 12 3
Total Credit Hours: 131
The list of general courses was also reviewed and approved as follows:
List of General Courses: (Proposed in NCRC special meeting in Chemistry) 1. Social Psychology 2. Community Development 3. Environmental Sciences 4. Principles of management 5. Logic and Reasoning 6. Teaching and Learning 7. Social Issues of Pakistan 8. Entrepreneurship 9. Human Resource Management 10. Basic Financial Management 11. History of Human Civilization 12. History of Science
OR Any other, including supportive science courses other than chemistry, depending upon the
expertise available.
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DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
PALOSA CAMPUS ABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY
MARDAN
Scheme of Studies for M.Sc Two Years Program
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SCHEME OF STUDIES M.Sc TWO YEARS PROGRAM IN CHEMISTRY,
PALOSA CAMPUS AWKUM
Semester-I Semester-II
S.NO Paper Cr. Hrs S.NO Paper Cr. Hrs
1 Analytical Chem. paper-I 2-0 1 Analytical Chem. paper-II 2-1
2 Biochemistry paper-I 2-0 2 Biochemistry paper-II 2-1
3 Inorganic Chem. paper-I 3-1 3 Inorganic Chem. paper-II 3-1
4 Organic Chem. paper-I 3-1 4 Organic Chem. paper-II 3-1
5 Physical Chem. paper-I 3-1 5 Physical Chem. paper-II 3-1
6 Mathematics 2-0
Total 18 Total 18
Semester-III (Specialization) Semester-IV (Specialization)
S.NO Paper Cr. Hrs S.NO Paper Cr. Hrs
1 Env. /Computational Chem.
Paper-I
2-1 1 Env. /Computational
Chem. Paper-II
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2 Specialization Paper-I 3 2 Specialization Paper-V 3
3 Specialization Paper-II 3 3 Specialization Paper-VI 3
4 Specialization Paper-III 3 4 Specialization Paper-VII 3
5 Specialization Paper-IV 3 5 Specialization Paper-VIII 3
6 Special practical/research 3 6 Special practical/research 3
Total 18 Total 18
Specialization papers: Inorganic/analytical, Biochemistry, Organic and Physical
Chemistry, the student will have to opt for one field of Specialization.
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COURSE OUTLINES OF M.Sc TWO YEARS PROGRAM IN CHEMISTRY,
AWKUM
M.Sc. 1st –Year, Semester -I
Course Title: Analytical Chemistry Paper-I Code: CHEM-511
Credit Hours: 02 Marks: 100
Course Contents
Introduction to Analytical Chemistry, Classical methods of analysis, Analytical
Sampling: Data handling: Stoichiometric calculations, Chemical Equilibrium, acid/base,
Solubility and Complexation equilibria, Electroanalytical techniques, Classifications of
Electroanalytical techniques, Potentiometry and conductometry with applications,
Introduction to spectroscopic techniques.
Analytical Chemistry Practical Cr. Hrs: 01
1. To determine the exact weight of materials and to analyze replicate measurement
statistically.
2. To calibrate Volumetric Apparatus and to investigate errors in delivered volume.
3. To determine the concentration of strong acid solution by conductometric
titration.
4. To determine the individual concentration of acid in the given binary mixture of
strong/weak acid condutometrically.
5. To evaluate Ksp for lead iodate by conductance method.
6. To determine the solubility product of Cadmium iodate titrimetrically.
7. To determine the constancy of the solubility product.
8. To estimate Ca++
concentration in drinking water by EDTA Complexometric
titration.
9. To determine the concentration of strong acid potentiometrically using first and
second derivative method.
10. To determine pKa for the given set weak acids by potentiometric method.
11. To show independence of solubility on the amount of undissolved species.
12. To establish the stochiometric relation for the precipitation of silver chloride.
Books Recommended
Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons.
Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch,
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Reinhote, New York.
Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Chemical Analysis,
I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan
and Co. New York.
David Harvey, Modern Analytical Chemistry
Course Title: Biochemistry Paper-I Code: CHEM- 531
Credit Hours: 02 Marks: 100
Course Contents
Introduction, Importance and the scope of Biochemistry. Forms, functions and
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brief classification of prokaryotes. Cellular architecture and diversity of eukaryotes.
Physical aspects of biochemistry
Water, ionization of water, pH, Acid-base reactions, Buffers.
Water
Structure, physical properties & importance of water. Unique properties of carbon.
Nature of organic matter. Isomerism. General reactions of different functional groups.
Biologically important organic compounds / Solvents.
Biomolecules
Overview of Biomolecules and their structures including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids
and nucleic acids.
Nucleic Acids
Nucleosides and Nucleotides, Purines and Pyrimidines. Introduction to DNA, RNA.
Metabolism Pathways
Glycolysis, Tricarboxylic acid Cycle, Gluconeogenesis.
Evolution of life
Prebiotic molecular evolution and rise of living systems. Review of the variety and
ecology of the living world. Use and significance of Radioisotopes in Biochemistry.
Books Recommended
1. Voet, D. and J. G. Voet,. Biochemistry, John Wiley and Sons, New York (2001).
2. Text Book of Biochemistry (1970) by E. West & W. Todd Macmillan.
3. Biochemistry. (1999) 3rd Ed. by C. K. Mathews, K. E. Van Holde, & K.G. Ahern.
Prentice Hall.
4. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 27th Ed. by R.K. Murray, D.K. Grannar, V.W.
Rodwell. McGraw Hill.
5. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (2008) 5th Ed. by D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox. W.
H. Freeman Publishers
Biochemistry Practical Credit Hours: 01
Marks: 50
1. Preparation of solutions
Preparation of Percent solutions (W/V, V/V and milligram percent).
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Preparation of Molar Solutions.
Preparation of Normal / equivalent solutions.
Preparation of Molal solutions.
Preparation of ppm and ppb solutions.
Preparation of solution from given stock solution by dilution method.
2. Standardization of given solution.
3. Determination of pH of different samples and body fluids.
(pH meter, pH strip/paper and Titrimetric method)
4. Preparation of Buffers:Phosphate buffer, Acetate buffer, Citrate buffer, Universal
buffer
Books Recommended
1. Wilson, A. Practical Biochemistry: Principle and techniques (2000).
2. Swotzer, Experiment Biochemistry theory and exercises in fundamental method
(2000).
3. Dryer, R. L. and G. F. Lata, Experimental Biochemistry, Oxford University Press.
4. Plummer, D. T., Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, , McGraw Hill Book Co.,
New York (1986).
5. Alexander, R. R., J. M Griggiths and M. L. Wikinson, Basic Biochemical
Methods, John Wiley & Sons.
6. Wooton, I. D. P., Microanalysis in Medical Biochemistry, J&A Churchill.
Course Title: Inorganic Chemistry Paper-1 Code: CHEM- 551
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Non Aqueous Solvents
Classification of solvents, types of reactions in different solvents, effect of physical and
chemical properties of solvents on reactions, detailed study of liquid NH3, liquid H2S,
liquid HF and liquid SO2 as solvents.
Coordination Compounds
Study of coordination compounds regarding their historical back ground, nomenclature,
geometry, theories i.e. Jorgensen theory, Werner's theory, valence bond theory, crystal
field theory and molecular orbital theory. Properties of coordination compound i.e.
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magnetic properties, stability and stereochemistry. Techniques for studying coordination
compounds and their applications.
Books Recommended
1. J.E. Huheey., E.A Keiter, and R.L. Keiter. “Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of
Structure and Reactivity”, 4th Ed., Harper and Row, New York, 2001
2. F.A. Cotton., G.Wilkinson, and P. L. Gaus. “Basic Inorganic Chemistry”, 3rd Ed.,
Wiley, New York, 1995.
3. F. Basolo. and R.C Johnson. “Coordination Chemistry” Tallahassee, Florida,
1962.
4. F.A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C. A. Murillo and M. Bochmann, “Advanced
Inorganic Chemistry”, 6th Ed., Wiley-Intersceince, New York, 1999.
5. A. K. Holliday, and A.G. Massey, "Inorganic Chemistry in Non-Aqueous
Solvents", Pergamon Press, New York, 1990.
6. E. M Larsen. “Transition Elements”, W. A. Benjamin Inc., 1995
7. J. Bassette., G.H. Denney, and J. Mendham. “Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative
Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis” English
Language Book Society, 4th
Edition, 1981.
8. A. I. Vogel, “A Textbook of Micro and Semi-micro Qualitative Inorganic
Analysis” Longman Green & Co. 1995.
Inorganic Chemistry Practical
Credit Hours: 01 Marks: 50
1. Analysis of salts mixtures for anions and cations
2. Preparation of at least four coordination compounds in a pure state
3. Complexometric titrations
Course Title: Organic Chemistry Paper- I Code: CHEM- 161
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course Contents
Introduction to Organic Chemistry, chemistry of carbon compounds; organic chemistry, a
historical perspective.
Chemical Bonding and Properties of Organic Molecules
Localized and delocalized chemical bonding; concept of hybridization leading to bond
angles, bond lengths, bond energies and shape of organic molecules; dipole moment;
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inductive and field effects; resonance; aromaticity; tautomerism; hyperconjugation;
hydrogen bonding; acids and bases; factors affecting the strengths of acids and bases.
Stereochemistry
Introduction to Stereochemistry, stereoisomerism, geometrical isomerism, E/Z notations,
chirality, enantiomers and diasteromers, meso compounds, optical isomerism, optical
activity and specific rotation, absulote configuration and relative configuration, R/S
nomenclature, conformations and conformational analysis ethane, n-butane and cylo-
hexane.
Classes and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
Classification of organic compounds; development of systematic nomenclature of organic
compounds; IUPAC nomenclature of hydrocarbons and heteroatom functional groups.
Recommended Books
1. Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren, S. and Wothers, P., “Organic Chemistry”,
Oxford University Press, New York.
2. Loudon, G. M., “Organic Chemistry”, Oxford University Press, New York
3. Sorrell, T. N., “Organic Chemistry”, Viva Books Private Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Finar, I. L., “Organic Chemistry”, Vol. 1, Pearson Education, Delhi.
5. Carey, F. A., “Organic Chemistry”, McGraw-Hill, New York.
6. Ahluwalia, V. K. and Goyal, M., “A Text Book of Organic Chemistry”, Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi
7. March, J., “Advanced Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
8. Bansal, R. K., “Organic Reaction Mechanisms”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company Ltd., New Delhi.
9. Pine, S. H., “Organic Chemistry”, National Book Foundation, Islamabad.
10. Bailey Jr., P. S. and Bailey, C. A., “Organic Chemistry-A Brief Survey of
Concepts and Applications”, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
Organic Chemistry Practical Marks: 50
Credit Hours: 01
1. Laboratory Ethics and safety measures
2. Awareness about the toxic nature of chemicals and their handling, cleaning of
glassware, safe laboratory operations
3. Laboratory work illustrating topics covered in the lecture of Organic Chemistry
Paper I
Recommended Books
1. Clarke, H. T., “A Handbook of Organic Analysis-Qualitative and Quantitative”,
CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.
2. Mann, F. G. and Saunders, B. C., “Practical Organic Chemistry”, Longman,
London.
3. Vogel, A. I., “Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry Part 3: Quantitative
Organic Analysis”, Longman, London.
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4. Vishnoi, N. K., “Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry”, Vikas Publishing
House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Furniss, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., Smith, P. W. G. and Tatchell, A. R., “Vogel’s
Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry”, National Book Foundation,
Islamabad.
6. Shriner, R. L., Hermann, C. K. F., Morrill, T. C., Curtin, D. Y. and Fuson, R. C.,
“The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds”, John Wiley & Sons,
New York.
7. Mendham, J., Denney, R. C., Barnes, J. D. and Thomas, M. J. K., “Vogel’s Text
Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis”, Pearson Education, New Delhi.
8. Beckett, A. H. and Stenlake, J. B., “Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry”, Athlone
Press, London.
Course Title: Physical Chemistry Paper-I Code: CHEM- 171
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Maxwell’s law of molecular velocities. Calculation of molecular velocities and binary
collisions. Maxwell-Boltzmann’s law of energy distribution. Method for the
determination of the Avogadro number (NA).
Chemical Thermodynamics
Relation of entropy and energy with equilibrium constant, and their dependence on
temperature. Clausius-Clapeyron’s equation. Chemical potential. Partial molar quantities.
Free energy change. Fugacity of gases.
Chemical Kinetics
Integrated rate laws: Third order reactions with same and different initial concentrations
of reactants. Effect of temperature on the reaction rate. Elementary and complex
reactions: opposing, parallel, consecutive bimolecular reactions and chain reactions.
Steady state approximation, Lindemann’s theory of unimolecular reactions. Bimolecular
collision theory, transition state theory.
Physical Chemistry Practical
Credit Hours: 01 Marks: 50
1. Equilibrium constant of the 32 KIIKI
reaction.
2. Kinetics of saponification of ethyl acetate.
3. Study of the adsorption isotherms of acetic acid-charcoal system.
4. Determination of activation energy for the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of ethyl
acetate.
5. Determination of partial molar volumes.
6. Characterization of the given compound by UV-Vis spectroscopy.
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Books Recommended
1. Alberty, R. A., Robert J.S. and Moungi G. B. “Physical Chemistry”. 4th
ed, John
Wiley and Sons (2004).
2. Ball, D W., “Physical Chemistry” 1st
ed., Brooks/Cole Co. Inc. (2003).
3. Engel, Thomas and .Reid p., “Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, and
Kinetics” 1st
ed., Benjamin Cummings (2006).
4. James K. and Wothers, P., “Why Chemical Reactions Happen”. Oxford
University Press (2003).
5. Smith, E. Brain, “Basic Chemical Thermodynamics” 5th
ed., Imperial College
Press (2004).
6. Stephen B. R., Rice S. A. and Roses J., “Physical Chemistry”2nd
ed., Oxford
University Press (2000).
7. Jurg W., “Basic Chemical Thermodynamics” W. A. Banjamin (1969).
8. Chorkendorff, I. and Niemantsverdriet, J.W. “Concept of Modern Catalysis and
Kinetics” 1st
ed., John Wiley and Sons (2003).
9. Espenson, J. H. “Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism” 2nd
ed., McGraw
Hill (2002).
10. Berry R. S., Stuart A.R., and Roses J. “Physical and Chemical Kinetics” 2nd
ed.,
Oxford University Press (2000).
11. Helpern Arthur M., “Experimental Physical Chemistry: A Laboratory Textbook”
2nd
ed., Prentice Hall (1997).
12. Bassette J., Denney C., Jeffery G. H. and Mendham J. “Vogel’s Textbook of
Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis”
English Language Book Society. 4th
ed. (1978).
13. Daniel, F., “Experimental Physical Chemistry” McGraw Hill (1962).
14. Shoemaker, D., “Experimental Physical Chemistry” McGraw Hill (1989)
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M.SC, 1ST
YEAR – SEMESTER- II
Course Title: Analytical Chemistry Paper-II Code: CHEM- 211
Credit Hours: 02 Marks: 100
Course Contents
Electrogravimetry, Voltammetry and Polarography, Solvent Extraction and
Chromatography, Spectrometry, Columetry, Amperometry, Electrophoresis, Basic
concepts of IR, UV-Visible, Mass Spectrometry with applications, Introduction to
Electron Resonance Spectroscopy and X-Rays Analysis.
Analytical Chemistry Practical Credit Hours: 01
1. To verify Beer’s Law and to evaluate molar extinction coefficient.
2. Spectrophotometric determination of Ammonia.
3. To determine Iron by spectroscopic method using phenanthroline.
4. To determine the distribution coefficient of a given solute between an
aqueous/non-aqueous system.
5. To determine Calcium by indirect volumetric method.
6. To determine Zinc by direct titration with EDTA.
7. Colometric determination of Iron(III) with Potassium thiocynate.
8. To separate and quantify Copper in Brass using constant-current electrolysis.
9. To estimate Lead amperometrically through titration with Potassium dichromate.
Books Recommended
1. Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons.
2. Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch,
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Reinhote, New York.
3. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Chemical Analysis,
4. I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan
and Co. New York.
5. David Harvey, Modern Analytical Chemistry.
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Course Title: Inorganic Chemistry Paper-II Code: CHEM- 251
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course contents
Acceptor Complexes
Mononuclear and polynuclear metal carbonyls: Calculation of valance electrons, the
eighteen electrons rule as applied to metal carbonyls, rationalization of molecular
structure, evaluation of structures based on spectroscopic evidences, chemistry of metal
carbonyls and their derivatives (nitrosyls, halides and hydrides)
Chemistry of f-Block Elements
Lanthanides: Electronic structure and position in the periodic table, Lanthanide’s
contraction, oxidation states, spectral and magnetic properties, general characteristics,
occurrence, extraction and general principles of separation, complexes and uses.
Actinides: Electronic structure and position in the periodic table, oxidation states,
general characteristics, half life and decay law.
Books recommended
1. J. E. Huheey., E.A. Keiter., and R.L. Keiter,., “Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of
Structure and Reactivity”, 4th Ed., Harper & Row, New York, 2001.
2. F.A. Cotton., G. Wilkinson., C.A.Murillo, and M. Bochmann.,“Advanced
Inorganic Chemistry”, 6th Ed., Wiley-Intersceince, New York, 1999.
3. N.N. Greenwood., and A Earnshaw. “Chemistry of the Elements”, 2nd Ed.,
Pergamon Press, New York, 1992.
4. W. Willium. Porterfield. Inorganic chemistry, Unified approach, Elsevier
Company, Delhi, (2005)
5. K.M. Mackay., R.A., Mackay., and W. Henderson,., “Introduction to Modern
Inorganic Chemistry”, 5th Edition, Stanley Thomas Publisher Ltd. 1996
6. J. Bassette., G.H Denney., and J. Mendham,. “Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative
Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis” English
Language Book Society, 4th
Edition, 1981.
7. A.I. Vogel. “A Textbook of Micro and Semi-micro Qualitative Inorganic
Analysis” Longman Green & Co. 1995.
Inorganic Practical
Credit Hours: 01 Marks: 50
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1. Separation of cations and anions in a mixture by paper chromatography.
2. Redox Titration
3. Gravimetric estimation of Ba2+
and Fe3+
ions
Course Title: Organic Chemistry Paper- II Code: CHEM- 261
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course contents
Functional Chemistry: A brief introduction to the chemistry of hydrocarbons, alkyl,
halides, alcohol, phenols, ethers aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids and their
derivatives.
Reaction Mechanism: Introduction to reaction mechanism, methods of determination of
the reaction mechanism and comprehensive study on the mechanism of different types of
substitution addition and elimination reaction with emphasis on their determination.
Introductory organic Spectroscopy: introduction to UV, IR, 1HNMR and mass
spectrometric methods and their uses for the structure determination of simple organic
compounds.
Recommended Books
1 March, J., “Advanced Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New
York.
2 Loudon, G. M., “Organic Chemistry”, Oxford University Press, New
York.
3 Brown, W. H., “Introduction to Organic Chemistry”, Saunders College
Publishing, Tokyo.
4 Sykes, P., “A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry”,
Longman, London.
5 Pine, S. H., “Organic Chemistry”, National Book Foundation, Islamabad.
6 McMurry, J., “Organic Chemistry”, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company,
California.
7 Carey, F. A., “Organic Chemistry”, McGraw-Hill, New York.
8 Kalsi, P.S. “Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds”, Wiley Eastern Ltd.,
New Delhi.
9 Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M. and Kriz, G. S., “Introduction to
Spectroscopy: A Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry”, Saunders
Golden Sunburst Series, London.
Organic Chemistry Practical
Credit Hours: 01 Marks: 50
Laboratory work illustrating topics covered in the lecture of Organic Chemistry Paper II
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Recommended Books
1 Clarke, H. T., “A Handbook of Organic Analysis-Qualitative and
Quantitative”, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.
2 Mann, F. G. and Saunders, B. C., “Practical Organic Chemistry”,
Longman, London.
3 Vogel, A. I., “Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry Part 3:
Quantitative Organic Analysis”, Longman, London.
4 Vishnoi, N. K., “Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry”, Vikas
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5 Furniss, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., Smith, P. W. G. and Tatchell, A. R.,
“Vogel’s Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry”, National Book
Foundation, Islamabad.
6 Shriner, R. L., Hermann, C. K. F., Morrill, T. C., Curtin, D. Y. and Fuson,
R. C., “The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds”, John
Wiley & Sons, New York.
7 Mendham, J., Denney, R. C., Barnes, J. D. and Thomas, M. J. K.,
“Vogel’s Text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis”, Pearson
Education, New Delhi.
8 Beckett, A. H. and Stenlake, J. B., “Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry”,
Athlone Press, London.
9 Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M. and Kriz, G. S. “Introduction to
Spectroscopy: A Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry”, Saunders
Golden Sunburst Series, London.
10 Silverstein, R. N., Barrler, G. C. and Morrill, T. C., “Spectrometric
Identification of Organic Compounds”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Course Title: Physical Chemistry Paper-II Code: CHEM- 271
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Electrochemistry
An introduction to electrochemistry, Ohm’s law, conductance, molar conductance and
equivalent conductance, chemical reactions and redox potentials, electrochemical cells
and types of electrodes. Ionic activity and Debye Huckle theory, Nernst equation and its
applications.
Solution Chemistry
Solubility and Henry’s law, statistical thermodynamics of ideal solution and non ideal
solutions, colligative properties and lowering of vapour pressure, elevation in boiling
point, depression in freezing point, osmotic pressure and their applications in
determination of molecular masses. Salt hydrolysis and determination of hydrolysis
constant (K).
PRACTICAL
Credit Hours: 01 Marks: 50
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Spectroscopic determination of Cu % in the given sample. Conductometric determination
of Cu (II)- EDTA mole ratio in the complex. To determine the effectiveness of an
extraction of I2
solution by using Solvent Extraction method. Determination of molecular
weight of a polymer by viscosity method. Determination of percentage composition of
KMnO4/ K
2Cr
2O
7 in a given solution by spectrophotometry. Evaluation of pK
a value of
an indicator by spectrometric method. Conductometric determination of hydrolysis
constant (Kh) of conjugate base of a weak acid.
Recommended Books
1. Albert R.A., Robert J.S. and Moungi G.B. “Physical Chemistry”. 4th
ed., John
Wiley and Sons (2004).
2. Ball D.W. “Physical Chemistry” 1st
ed., Brooks/Cole Co. Inc. (2003).
3. Bassetts J., Denney C., Jeffery G.H. and Mendham J. “Vogel’s Textbook of
Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis”
English Language Book Society. 4th
ed. (1978).
4. Hatch R.C. “Experimental Chemistry” van Nostrand Reinhold Company (1972).
5. Halpern, Arthur M. “Experimental Physical Chemistry: A Laboratory Textbook”
2nd
ed., Prentice Hall (1962).
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M.SC, 2ND
YEAR – SEMESTER- III
Course Title: Environmental Chemistry Paper-1 Code: CHEM-
Credit Hours: 02+01 Marks: 100
The atmosphere and air pollution:
Structure and properties of the atmosphere, temperature inversion and air pollution,
atmosphere photochemistry, possible depletion of stratospheric ozone, natural vs polluted
air, particulate matter, analysis and control of particulations, sulphur oxides, effects of
sulphur dioxides and particulates, other industrial air pollutants, carbon monoxide, oxides
of nitrogen photochemicals smog, airborne load, control of automobile emissions.
Water and water treatment:
Unique physical and chemical properties of water, criteria of water quality, natural water-
eutrophiction, detergents and phosphates, importance of micro organisms in water
purification, primary and secondary treatment of water, advanced waste water treatment,
removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, sources of industrial water pollution, heavy metals
and mercury.
The green revolution:
Pest control, pesticides, toxicity of pesticides, pest management.
Books Recommended:
1. Anil Kumar, Environmental chemistry, Wiley Eastern, New DelhiJ. W. Moore &
E. 2). A. Moore, Environmental chemistry, Academic Press, New York.
2. S. K. Banerji, Environmental chemistry, Prentice Hall, Delhi.
3. S. K. Banerji, Environmental chemistry, Tata Publisher, Delhi.
4. Staneley E. Manahan, Environmental chemistry, Brooks, California
SPECIALIZATION IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Title of Course: Elementary Analytical Chemistry Paper-I Code: CHEM-311
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course Contents
The task of statistics in chemical analysis: Theory of sampling, source of variation and
error, Presentation of results and rounding off the data. Confidence limit for the mean and
standard deviation, comparison of standard deviations, inference from the tests, fitting
lines to data, correlation and regression.
Precipitation
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Solubility and solubility product. Effects of salt, solvents, hydration, hydrolysis, pH
changes, beginnings surface exchange, adsorption etc, on precipitates. Determination of
error in gravimetric analysis, thermogravimetric methods for testing of thermal stability.
Complexation
Chelate formation; competing reactions in complexation. The computation of stability
constant from various experimental data. The use of complexes in analytical chemistry as
reagents. Masking agents. Indicators and metal ion buffers. Complexometric titrations.
Books Recommended
1. Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
2. Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch,
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Reinholt, New York.
3. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Chemical Analysis, McGraw Hill Book Co.
New York.
4. I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan
and Co. New York.
5. J.G. Dick, Analytical Chemistry, McGraw Hill Book Co. New York.
6. David Harvey, Modern Analytical Chemistry.
Title of Course: Chromatographic Techniques Paper-II Code: CHEM-312
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course Contents
Chromatography
Adsorption and distribution laws applied to chromatography, the displacement, frontal
method of analysis and elution techniques: Column, paper and thin-layer
chromatography, suitable systems for analysis of some simple organic substances,
reversed phase chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography.
Gas chromatography
GSC and GLC parameters governing gas phase separation, simple instrumentation for
gas chromatography, suitable systems for analysis high temperature programmed
analysis.
Introduction to HPLC
Books Recommended
1. Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons.
2. Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch,
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Reinholt, New York.
3. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Chemical Analysis, McGraw Hill Book Co.
New York.
22
4. I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan
and Co. New York.
Course Title: Spectroscopy and Advanced Instrumentation Paper-III Code:
CHEM- 313
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course Contents
Ultraviolet, visible spectroscopy; Molecular absorption of radiation, effect of structure on
absorption, quantitative absorption spectroscopy, application,
Instrumentation
Various sources of light. Types of prime and gratings. Monochromators and their
efficiency. The construction and optics of typical spectrograph. The use of a
spectrophotometer in the analysis of one component or multicomponent systems, source
of error and optimum conditions.
Atomic spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectrophotometers and atomic fluorescence spectrometer.Flame
photometry. Mass spectrometry, basic principles, instrumentation and applications.
Books Recommended
1. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis McGraw Hill Book Co.
New York.
2. Gary D. Christian, James E. O’Reilly, Instrumental Analysis, Allyn and Bacon
Inc. New York.
3. Douglas A. Skoog, Stanley R. Crouch, Instrumental Analysis, Reinholt, New
York.
4. F.W. Fifield and D. Kealy, Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry I.T.B,
London.
5. Willard, Meritte and Dean, Instrumental Analysis, D. Van Nostrand, New York.
6. Bernhard Wetz, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Verlay Chemie, New York.
Course Title: Advanced Analytical Chemistry Paper-IV Code: CHEM-314
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course Contents
DTA and TGA Basic principles, instrumentation and applications, thermal analysis and
calorimetry. Automation in analytical chemistry: Instrumental parameters for automated
instrument, automated process and instruments in process control and clinical laboratory.
Preparation of sample for the analysis.
Books Recommended
1. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis McGraw Hill Book Co.
New York.
23
2. Gary D. Christian, James E. O’Reilly, Instrumental Analysis, John Wiley and
Sons.
3. Douglas A. Skoog, Stanley R. Crouch, Instrumental Analysis, Reinholt, New
York.
4. I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan
and Co. New York.
5. F.W. Fifield and D. Kealy, Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry I.T.B,
London.
Advance Analytical Chemistry Lab/Research. Credit Hours: 03
Marks:100
24
SPECIALIZATION IN BIOCHEMISTRY BIO-CHEMISTRY
Course Title: Biochemistry Paper -II Code: CHEM- 331
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Biochemistry-1
Brief introduction to the history and scope of biochemistry.
Physical aspects of biochemistry
Water, ionization of water, pH, Acid-base reactions, Buffers.
Biomolecules-Carbohydrates
General introduction, Nomenclature, Classification, Structural and Dynamic functions,
Physical and Chemical properties. Nomenclature, Classification, and Structural
configuration of monosaccharides. Isomerism, Mutarotation, recemic mixture and inter
conversion of monomers. Ring structure (pyran and furan). Fischer’s formula and
Haworth projection formula. Nomenclature, Classification, and Structural configuration
of oligosaccharides, Glycosidic linkage. Classification and Structural configuration of
polysaccharides.Chemistry and Biomedical Functions of Glycoprotein.
Proteins
Classification and properties of Amino acids. Overview of protein structure: Primary,
Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary structures. Protein denaturation and folding. Proteins
classification, properties, functions and their biological role.
Lipids
Classification, Fatty acids and their properties. Biological significance of glycerides.
Phospholipids, non-phospholipids and steroids.
Nucleic Acids
Introduction to DNA, RNA. Nucleosides and Nucleotides, Purines and Pyrimidines.
Enzymes
Chemical nature, Nomenclature and Classification. Enzyme activity. Effect of different
factors on enzyme activity. How enzymes work? Regulation of enzyme activity.
Metabolism Pathways
Glycolysis, Tricarboxylic acid Cycle, Gluconeogenesis.
Books Recommended
1. Essentials of Carbohydrate Chemistry (1998) by John F. Robyt. Springer verlag
25
2. Text book of Biochemistry (2008) by S.P. Singh. CBS Publishers
3. Text book of Biochemistry (2007) by K. Rambabu.
4. Fundamentals of Biochemistry (2008) 3rd Ed. by D. J. Voet, G.J. Voet and C. W. Pratt.
J. Wiley & Sons Inc.
5. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (2008) 5th Ed. D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox. W. H.
Freeman Publishers.
6. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by J. I. Jain. (2008) S. Chand & Co. India
7. Biochemistry. (1999) 3rd Ed. by C. K. Mathews, K. E. Van Holde, & K.G. Ahern.
Prentice Hall.
8. Text book of Biochemistry & Human Biology (2006) 3rd Ed. by G.P. Talwar & L.M.
Srivastava. Prentice Hall India.
9. Text book of Biochemistry 3rd edition (2009) by Satyanarayana.
10. Biochemistry 3rd Ed. (1999) by C. K. Mathews, K. E.van Holde and K.G. Ahern.
Prentice Hall
Course Title: Biochemistry Paper- III Code: CHEM- 332
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Molecular biology
Gene theory, Gene, Allele, Structure of DNA, Chromosome, DNA replication,
Transcription, Translation and post translational modification. DNA repair,
Recombination, Gene expression and regulation, Genotype and Phenotype, Mutation and
Types of mutation, DNA Sequencing.
Books Recommended
1. Molecular Cell Biology (2007) 6th Edition H.Lodish, C.A. Kaiser, M.Krieger. M.P.
Scott, A Bretscher, H Ploegh, & P. Matsudaira, W.H. Freeman
2. Biochemistry 6th edition by J.M. Berg, J.L.Tymoczko & L. Stryer (2007) W.H.
Freeman & Co.
3. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th Ed. by D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox. W. H.
Freeman Publishers
26
4. Modern Genetic Analysis: Integrating Genes and Genomes (2002) 2nd Edition by A.
J. F. Griffiths, J.H.Miller, D.T.Suzuki, R. C. Lewontin and W. M. Gelbart W. H.
Freeman.
Course Title: Biochemistry Paper: IV Code: CHEM- 333
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Physical techniques in Biochemistry
Homogenization, Centrifugation, Ultra centrifugation, Paper and TLC, and Column
chromatography, Gel Chromatography, Gel filtration, Ion exchange chromatography,
Affinity chromatography, HPLC, Electrophoresis, Flame photometry, Atomic absorption
Spectrophotometry, Spectrofluorimetry, UV/visible spectrophotometry. Extraction,
Purification of Macromolecules, Purification based on differential solubility,
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Two Dimensional electrophoresis, Radioactivity
Techniques and its application in Biological System, Biochemical Techniques, Cloning,
RFLP, Sequencing, Northern and Southern Blotting, Hybridisation, PCR, Recombinant
DNA Technology.
Books Recommended
1. Physical Biochemistry: Applications to Biochemistry and Moleculart Biology (1982)
by David Freifelder,W. H. Freeeman
2. Introduction to Modern liquid chromatography (1979) by L.L.Snyder & J.J Kirkland.
John Wiley & Sons
3. Tools of Biochemistry (1977) T. G. Cooper & T. C. Cooper John Wiley & Sons
Centrifugation.
4. A practical approach. (1987) Ed. D. Rickwood, Oxford: IRL press England.
5. Varley’s Pratical Clinical Biochemistry (1991) 5th Edition byA.H. Gowenlock and M
Bell. CBS Publishers & Distributors.
6. Hawk's Physiological chemistry Mc Graw-Hill publishing company
7. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry (1999) by C.A. Burtis, Ashwood & N.W. Tietz
(Eds) W. B. Saunders Co.
8. Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 6th Edition. Edited
by K. Wilson & J. Walker.
27
Course Title: Biochemistry Paper- V Code: CHEM- 334
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Molecular genetics
Mendelian and Non-Mendelian genetics, Patterns of Inheritance, Mutational Analysis,
Recombination and Genetic Mapping, Linkage Analysis, Chromatin and Chromosome,
Mitosis and Meiosis, Interaction of genes, Chromosomal basis of heredity, Sex
chromosome and Sex determination, Chromosomal aberrations, Gene mutations, Genetic
code.
Books Recommended
1. Strickberger, M. W. Genetics. The MacMillan Company.
2. Pai, A.C. and H. Marcus-Roberts. 1981. Genetics Its Concepts and Implications.
3. Goodenough, U. 1978. Genetics.
4. Ayala, F.J. and Kiger, Jr. 1980. Modern Genetics.
Advanced Biochemistry laboratory/Research thesis
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
1. Qualitative Analysis of carbohydrates of given unknown samples.
2. Extraction of starch from plant sources & its confirmative tests (Sources: Potato,
Wheat, Rice, Pulses, Barely, Maize etc)
3. Extraction of Glycogen from animal sources & its confirmative tests. (Sources: Liver
& Muscles etc)
4. Extraction of total Lipids from plant seeds (by iodometric flask method).
(Sources: Sunflower seed, Cotton seed, Corn seed, Coconut, Neem Seed, sesame).
5. Extraction of Lipids from animal sources. Sources: Egg yolk & Animal tissues).
6. Qualitative tests of proteins & amino acids:
Biuret Test, Niuhydrin Test, Xanthoproteic Test, Pauly’s Test, Hoplein’s Test,
Ehrich’s Test, Sakaguchi Test, Sodium nitroprusside Test, Sullivan Test, Load sulphate
Test, Phosphate Test, Aldehyde Test
7. Extraction of proteins from plant sources & their confirmative tests
(Sources: Wheat, Rice Barely, Maize, Pulses etc)
28
8. Extraction of proteins from animal sources & their confirmative tests. (Sources: Egg
White, Milk, Liver, Muscles etc)
9. Isolation of DNA from tissues
10. Extraction of plasmid DNA
11. Separation of DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis
12. Determination of melting temperature of DNA
13. Mineral analysis of plant tissues using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
14. Determination of sodium and potassium content in blood serum by flamephotometer,
Gel chromatography and ion exchange chromatography.
15. Determination of molecular weight of a given protein by gel filtration.
16. Separation of Hb and serum proteins by electrophoresis
Books Recommended
1. Wilson, A. Practical Biochemistry: Principle and techniques (2000).
2. Swotzer, Experiment Biochemistry theory and exercises in fundamental method
(2000).
3. Dryer, R. L. and G. F. Lata, Experimental Biochemistry, Oxford University Press.
4. Plummer, D. T., Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, , McGraw Hill Book Co.,
New York (1986).
5. Alexander, R. R., J. M Griggiths and M. L. Wikinson, Basic Biochemical
Methods, John Wiley & Sons.
6. Wooton, I. D. P., Microanalysis in Medical Biochemistry, J&A Churchill.
29
SPECIALIZATION IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Course Title: Chromatographic Methods of Analysis Paper-III, Code: CHEM- 351
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course contents
Paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, Theory and applications. Gas
chromatography, basic principles, instrumentation and applications. High pressure liquid
chromatography, partition chromatography, adsorption chromatography, liquid solid
chromatography and Ion Exchange chromatography. Basic principles instrumentation and
applications.
Recommended Books
1. Skoog. Holler. Nieman. Principles of instrumental analysis, fifth edition,
Thomson Learning Academic.
2. M.H. Willard, L.L. Merrite, Jr.J.A. Dean, instrumental metods of analysis, Van
Nostrand. New York.
3. H.G. Gsssidy, fundamental chromatography, inters science publications, New
York.
Course Title: Nuclear Chemistry Paper-IV Code: CHEM-352
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course contents
Nuclear Reactions
Nature of nuclear reactions, nuclear reaction mechanism, Nuclear cross sections,
excitation functions, types of nuclear reactions, fission and fusion reactions and
photonuclear reactions,
Radioactivity decay, detection and interaction of radiations
Half life and average life of radioactive species, types of radioactive equilibrium, units of
radioactivity. Radioactive decay series, Determination of half lives, radiation detection
and measurements, Geiger mullar counters, scintillation counters. Interaction of radiation
with matter. Determination of alpha and beta particles range.
Books Recommended
1. G. F. Friellander, J. W. Kennedy, and J. M. Miller, Nuclear and Radiochemistry,
John Wiley and Sons, New York
2. Kaplan Traving, Nuclear Physics, Pak Publishers, Karachi.
3. Glasstone Samuel, Source book on atomic energy, von Nostrand, New York.
4. W. M. Gibbson, Nuclear reactions, Penguin books Inc., New York.
5. J. M. Reid, The atomic nuclear reactions, Penguin books Inc., New York.
6. Chopman and Ryedberg, Nuclear chemistry, Prentice Hall, New York.
30
Course Title: Bio Inorganic Chemistry Paper-V Code: CHEM-353
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course contents
Biochemistry of selenium, Bio Chemistry of Organo selenium Compounds, Antioxidant
Activity of Organoselenium Compounds, Toxicology of Organoselenium Compounds;
The biochemistry of iron, Iron storage and transfer in bacteria, ion transport,
haemoglobin and myoglobin, nature of haemo-dioxygen , Model systems, cyto chromes,
P/450 enzymes, iron sulphur protein , ferrodoxins, haemoerthrins, the biochemistry of Zn,
Cu. Co, Mg, F2, I2 and Alkaline earth metals.
Books Recommended
1. F.A. Cotton, and S.W, Advanced inorganic chemistry, John Wiley and sons, New
York.
2. F. Basolo and R. Johnson, Mechanism of inorganic reactions, John Wiley and
sons, New York.
3. F. Basalo and R. Johnson, Coordination chemistry, W.A. Benjamen , Row
Publishers, New York.
4. J. E. Huheey, Inorganic Harper and Row Publisher, New York.
5. D. Jonson, Mechanism of inorganic reaction in solutions, McGraw-Hill, London.
6. Nicolaou, K. C.; Petasi, N. A. Selenium in Natural Products Synthesis; CIS:
Philadelphia, PA, 1984.
7. Paulmier, C. SeleniumReagents and Intermediates in Organic Synthesis;
Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1986.
8. Patai, S.; Rappoport, Z. The Chemistry of Organic Selenium and Tellurium
Compounds;Wiley: New York, 1986; Vol. 1.
Course Title:Spectroscopic Methods of analysis-Paper-VI Code: CHEM- 354
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course contents
General introduction to spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Origin of spectra, excitation methods spectrographs
and its qualitative and quantitative applications.
UV/ Visible spectroscopy
Basic instrumentation of U.V/visible spectrophotometers, Spectra of transition metal
complexes, applications of the principles related to electronic transition. Structural
evidence from electronic spectra
Emission spectroscopy
Atomic emission spectroscopy, qualitative and quantitative applications in inorganic
chemistry.
31
Books Recommended
1. C.N.Banwale, Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, McGraw-Hill, New
York.
2. Skoog. Holler. Nieman. Principles of instrumental analysis, fifth edition,
Thomson Learning Academic.
3. M.H.willard, L.L.Merrite, J.J A.Dean, instrumental methods of analysis, Van
Nostrand, New York.
4. R.D. Braun, introduction to instrumental analysis. Mc. graw-Hill, new york, 1987.
Advance Inorganic chemistry laboratory
Advance inorganic laboratory/research Credit Hours = 03
32
SPECIALIZATION COURSES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Course Title: Chemistry of Hetrocycles Paper- III Code: CHEM- 351
Credit Hours: 03 Marks = 100
Course contents
Introduction, significance and applications. Nomenclature of hetrocyclic compounds
according to IUPAC, Hantzsch-Widmann-Pettersen system and SMILES. Geometry and
Stereochemistry of heterocyclic compounds
Saturated, Unsaturated and Aromatic Hetrocycles, aromaticity, Tautomerism in small to
large ring hetrocycles. Chemistry of Furan, Thiophene and pyrrole; synthesis of indole
and isoindoles; chemistry of pyridine, quinoline and isoquinoline; occurrence of
hetrocyclic compounds.
Photochemistry
Woodward and Hofmann rule: Introduction, excitation and the excited state.
Intramolecular reactions of the olefinic bond, carbonyl group, and cycloaddition reaction.
Generalized woodward and Hofmann rules for concerted reactions.
Recommended Books
1. 1R. K. Bansal, Hetrocyclic Chemistry, 4th
ed., New Age international. Pvt. Ltd.,
India (2005).
2. T. Eicher and s. Hauptmann, The Chemistry of Hetrocycles,George Thieme
Verlag, New York(1995).
3. J. A. Joule, K. Mills, G.F. Smith, Hetrocyclic Chemistry, Stanely Thomes
Publication Ltd.; (1998).
4. R. H. Acheson, An introduction to Chemistry of Hetrocycles, John Wiley, New
York (1987).
5. M. Samisburg, Hetrocyclic Chemistry, Royal Society of Chemistry (2001)
6. H. Charles, Deputy and S. Orville, Chapman, Molecular reaction and
photochemistry. Prentice Hall. New York.
Course Title Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry Paper- IV, Code:
CHEM- 352
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course Contents
Introduction Fundamental of spectroscopy. UV-Visible Spectroscopy: Introduction,
theory, Instrumentation and sample handling. Infra Red Spectroscopy: Introduction,
theory, Instrumentation and sample handling. Mass Spectroscopy: Introduction, theory,
Instrumentation and sample handling. Applications: Structure elucidation of simple
organic molecules by UV, IR and MS.
Books Recommended
33
1. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G.M. and Kriz, G.S., Introduction to spectroscopy: a
Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry, Thomson Learning, Australia (2001).
2. Silverstein, R. M. Webster F.X. and Kiemle, D.J. Spectrometeric Identification of
Organic Compounds, John Wiley and Sons Inc., USA (2005).
3. Brown, D.W., Floyed, A.J. and Sainsury, M. Organic spectroscopy, 1. Wiley and
Sons, Chichester (1998).
4. Willians, D. H. and Fleming, I. Spectroscopic methods in organic Chemistry, 4th
ed., McGraw-Hill Book. Co., Lodon (1987).
5. Younas, M. Organic Spectroscopy, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore (2004).
6. Kalsi, P.S. “Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New
Delhi.
7. Lambert, J. B, Shurvell, H. F., Lightner, D. A. and Cooks, R. G., “Introduction to
Organic Spectroscopy”, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.
8. Williams D. H. and Fleming, I., “Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry”,
Athlone Press, London.
9. Atta-ur-Rehman, “Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy”, UGC, Islamabad.
10. Davis, R. and Freason, M., “Mass Spectrometry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
34
Course Title: Stereochemistry Paper- V Code: CHEM- 353
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course contents
Introduction History and Significance. Static Stereochemistry: Structure and Symmetry,
configurations and conformations, methods for determination of relative and absolute
configuration, stereochemical nomenclature. Types of Chirlity: Central, Axial and planar
chiral compounds , atropisomerism, molecular overcrowding and cyclostereisomereism.
Dynamic stereochemistry; steereochemical reactions, stereoselectivity and
stereospeciticity, prostereoisomerism and prochirility. Analytical methods: determination
of enantiomers and distereomers composition using chiroptical, chromatographic and
NMR spectroscopic methods. Resolution: Diasteroisomers formation , Chiral
derivatization agents (CDAs), Chiral resolving agents (CRAs), chromatographic kinetic,
mechanical and enzymetic resolutions, preferential crystallization.
Book Recommended
1. Eliel, E. L.; Wilen, S. H Doyle, M.P. and Michael, P. Basic Organic
Stereochemistry, Willey Inter Science, New York (2003).
2. Kalsi, P. S. Sterochemistry and mechanism through Solved problems, new age
international publishers, New Delhi, India (2001).
3. Mislow, K. Introduction to stereochemistry, W.A. Benjamin, New York (1966).
4. Morris, D.G. Stereochemistry, Royal Society of Chemistry, UK. (2001).
5. M. North. Principles and application of stereochemistry, Stanely Thornes:
Cheltenham, UK (1998).
6. Morrison, R. T. and Boyd, R. N., “Organic Chemistry”, Prentice-Hall of India,
New Delhi.
35
Course Title: Organic synthesis Paper-VI Code: CHEM- 354
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course contents
Oxidations/Reduction Reactions, an introduction to carbon-carbon bond synthesis,
Reactive intermediates, Pericyclic reactions.
Books Recommended
1. March, J. Advanced Organic chemistry: Reaction, Mechanism and Structure, 5th
ed., John Wiley, New York (2007).
2. Caruthers, W. Some modern methods of organic Synthesis, 3rd
ed., Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge (1986).
3. Aansari, F.L., Quershi R. and Quershi, M.L. Electrocyclic Reactions, John Wiley
and Sons (1999).
4. Norman, R.O.C. Principles of Organic Synthesis, 3rd
ed., Chapman and Hall,
London (1993).
5. Carey, F. A. and Sundberg, R. J., “Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A: Structure
and Mechanisms”, Kluwer Academic /Plenum Publishers, New York.
6. Sykes, P., “A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry”, Longman,
London.
7. McMurry, J., “Organic Chemistry”, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company,
California.
8. Solomons, T. W. G. and Fryhle, C. B., “Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons,
New York.
Advance Organic Chemistry Laboratory/Research Thesis
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Multistep synthesis of different types organic compounds, purification and identification
of synthesized compounds by physical and chemical methods.
Books Recommended
1. Clarke, H. T., “A Handbook of Organic Analysis-Qualitative and Quantitative”,
CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.
2. Mann, F. G. and Saunders, B. C., “Practical Organic Chemistry”, Longman,
London.
3. Vogel, A. I., “Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry Part 3: Quantitative
Organic Analysis”, Longman, London.
4. Vishnoi, N. K., “Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry”, Vikas Publishing
House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Furniss, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., Smith, P. W. G. and Tatchell, A. R., “Vogel’s
Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry”, National Book Foundation,
Islamabad.
36
6. Shriner, R. L., Hermann, C. K. F., Morrill, T. C., Curtin, D. Y. and Fuson, R. C.,
“The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds”, John Wiley & Sons,
New York.
7. Mendham, J., Denney, R. C., Barnes, J. D. and Thomas, M. J. K., “Vogel’s Text
Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis”, Pearson Education, New Delhi.
8. Beckett, A. H. and Stenlake, J. B., “Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry”, Athlone
Press, London.
9. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M. and Kriz, G. S. “Introduction to Spectroscopy: A
Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry”, Saunders Golden Sunburst Series,
London.
10. Silverstein, R. N., Barrler, G. C. and Morrill, T. C., “Spectrometric Identification
of Organic Compounds”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
11. Kalsi, P.S. “Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New
Delhi.
12. Palleros, D. R., “Experimental Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New
York.
37
SPECIALIZATION IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Course Title: Statistical Thermodynamics Paper-III Code: CHEM- 371
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Permutation and probability, Partition functions. The relationship of partition function to
the various thermodynamic functions like translational energy, vibrational energy,
rotational energy, entropy, heat, enthalpy, pressure, Gibbs free energy, Entropy of mixing
of gases, heat capacity etc. Transitional, vibrational and rotational partitional functions
and equilibrium constant.
Books Recommended
1. Gasser R.P.H. and Richards W.G. “Entropy and Energy Levels” Oxford
University Press (1974).
2. Wayatt P.A.H. “The Molecular Basis of Entropy and Chemical Equilibrium”
Royal Institute of Chemistry London (1971).
3. Smith E.B. “Basic Chemical Thermodynamics” 4th
ed. Oxford University
Press(1990).
4. Seddon J.M. and Gale J.D. “Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics” Royal
Soc Chem, UK (2002).
5. Aston J.G. and Fritz J.J. “Thermodynamics and Statistical Thermodynamics”
John-Wiley, New York (1987).
Course Title: Polymer Chemistry Paper-IV Code: CHEM- 372
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Introduction to Polymers. Step-growth Polymerizations. Polymer chain growth. Kinetics
of polymer chain growth. Copolymerization. Emulsion Polymerization. Natural and
Inorganic Polymers. Physical Aspects of polymers. Molecular Weight of Polymers:
Distribution, averages, and methods of determination. Viscosity. Osmometry. Light
scattering method. Diffusion, sedimentation. Optical rotation method. Structure of
Polymer Chain: Introduction to chain isomerism, stereochemistry, configurations, and
conformations. (not in Hiemenz). Amorphous State of Polymers: In depth examination of
polymer conformation, microstructure, and dynamics in the amorphous state. Polymer
viscoelasticity: Stress relaxation, mechanical models of polymer behavior, time-
temperature superposition, perhaps rheology. Crystalline State of Polymers:
crystallization and kinetics, crystalline structures, experimental methods. Polymer
Solutions and Blends:
Recommended Books
1. Hiemenz P.C. “Polymer Chemistry: The Basic Concepts” Marcel Dekker (1984).
38
2. Stevens M.P. “Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction” Oxford University Press
(1999).
1. Allcock H.R. and Lampe F.W. “Contemporary Polymer Chemistry” Prentice-Hall
(1990).
3. Rudin “The Element of Polymer Science and Engineering” Academic Press
(1990).
4. Sperling L.H. “Introduction to Physical Polymer Science” Wiley Interscience
(1992).
5. Boyd R.H. and Phillips P.J. “The Science of Polymer Molecules” Cambridge
(1993).
6. Malcolm P.S. “Polymer Chemistry” Oxford University Press (2005).
7. Ravue, “Principles of Polymer Chemistry” 2nd
ed. Plenum Publishers (2000).
Course Title: Quantum Chemistry Paper-V Code: CHEM- 373
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Limitation of classical mechanics, wave and particle nature of matter, de-Broglie’s
equation, Heisenberg’s uncertainity principle, concept of quantization of energy,
Operators and their properties. Types of operators, Hemaltonian operator, Hermition
operator, Angular momentum. Postulates of quantum chemistry, Eigen function and
Eigen values, general wave equation, Schrödinger wave equation (Time dependent +
Time independent). Particle in one dimensional box, three dimensional box, hydrogen
atom and harmonic oscillator, comparision between general wave equation and
Schrödinger wave equation, Central field problem. Approximate methods. Perturbation
methods. Many electron systems. Treatment of simple harmonic oscillator, diatomic rigid
rotor. Valence bond and molecular orbital theories. Pi-electron calculations.
Books Recommended
1. Micheal D.F. “Elements of Quantum Mechanics” Oxford University Press (2005).
2. Griffiths, David J., “Introduction to Quantum Mechanics” 2nd
ed., Prentice Hall (2004).
3. Hayward, David O., “Quantum Mechanics for Chemists” 1st
ed., John Wiley (2003).
4. House, James E., “Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics” 2nd
ed., Elsevier-Academic
Press (2003).
Course Title: Photochemistry Paper-VI Code: CHEM- 374
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
39
Scope of photochemistry. Energy transfer in photochemical reaction. Quantum yield of
emission process radiation and nonradiation process. Kinetics and Quantum yields of
radiative and nonradiative process (fluorescence, phosphorescence, inter system crossing,
internal conversion , quenching), and Stern-Volmer reactions. Photosensitized reactions.
Photochemical reaction in gas phase and in solutions. Flash photolysis. Advance
approach to kinetics of photochemical reactions. Applied photochemistry. Atmospheric
photochemistry. Photosynthesis, photochemistry of polymers, photomedicines.
Techniques in photochemistry, introduction, light source. Incandescent filament lamps,
discharge lamps, lasers, synchrotron reaction.
Books Recommended
1. Calvert J.G. and Pitts J.N. “Photochemistry” John Wiley, New York (1966).
2. Suppan P. “Principles of Photochemistry”, the Chemical Soc., UK (1973).
3. Albert R.A., Robert J.S. and Moungi G.B. “Physical Chemistry”. 4th
ed., John Wiley
and Sons (2004).
4. Ball D.W. “Physical Chemistry” 1st
ed., Brooks/Cole Co. Inc. (2003).
Advanced Physical Laboratory
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Specific experiments may be set making use of the following instruments depending
upon their availability. Special experiments may also be designed for which a specimen
list of instruments is given below. For the innovative designing of experiments the
Journal of Chemical Education may be consulted.
Instruments:
PH-meter , Conductivity meter ,Dipole meters, Electrogravimetric apparatus,UV/Visible
spectrometer
Infrared spectrophotometer, Atomic absorption spectrophotometer,Stopped flow
spectrometers
Gas Chromatography, HPLC ,Light Scattering Instruments
Practical
Determination of partial molar quantities.
Determination of free energy changes, standard free energies.
Verification of Kohlrausch law.
Study of temperature dependence of electrode potentials.
40
Determination of heat of solution, ionic reactions and other experiments from
thermochemistry.
Determination of molecular weight of a polymer by viscosity method.
Precipitation value of electrolytes.
Measurement of IR spectra of simple compound and their interpretation.
Measurement of cyclic voltammogram of an organic compound and its interpretation.
Determination of dipole moment of an organic liquid.
Determination of percentage composition of KMnO4-K
2Cr
2O
7 in given solution by
spectrometry.
Evaluation of pKa value an indicator by spectrometric method.
Synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles and their characterization using IR and XRD
techniques.
Books Recommended
1. Braun R.D. and Walters F. “Application of Chemical Analysis” (1982).
2. David P. “Experiments in Physical Chemistry” 5th
ed. (1989).
3. James A.M. and Prichard F.E. “Practical Physical Chemistry” 3rd
ed. Longman (1974).
4). Shoemaker D.P., Garland C.W. and Nibler J.W. “Experiments in Physical Chemistry”
McGraw Hills, New York (1989).
41
M.SC, 2ND
YEAR, SEMESTER-IV (FINAL SEMESTER)
Course Title: Environmental Chemistry Paper-I1 Code: CHEM-
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Fossil fuels and energy sources
Origin and development of coal: Origin and reserves of petroleum and natural gas,
composition and classification of petroleum, refining, and environmental problems
associated with petroleum, nuclear fission reactors, solar energy, power synthesis, tidal
and geothermal energy, synthetic chemical fuels, the H economy, electrochemical energy
conversion, conservation of free energy, the energy balance of the earth.
Soils and mineral resources
Estimating reserves of mineral resources of earth, extraction of metal-general principles,
iron, steel, aluminium, copper and other metals, sulphur and nitrogen. Organic matter in
soil, soil nutrients, ion exchange in soils, solid pH and nutrients availability.
Books Recommended
1. Anil Kumar, Environmental chemistry, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi J. W. Moore &
E. 2). A. Moore, Environmental chemistry, Academic Press, New York.
2. S. K. Banerji, Environmental chemistry, Prentice Hall, Delhi.
3. S. K. Banerji, Environmental chemistry, Tata Publisher, Delhi.
4. Staneley E. Manahan, Environmental chemistry, Brooks, California.
42
SPECIALIZATION ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY SEMESTER- IV
Course Title: Advanced Analytical Chemistry Paper-VI Code: CHEM- 411
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course Contents
1. DTA and TGA: Basic principles, instrumentation and applications, thermal
analysis and calorimetry.
2. Automation in analytical chemistry: Instrumental parameters for automated
instrument, automated process and instruments in process control and clinical
laboratory.
3. Preparation of sample for the analysis.
Books Recommended
1. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis McGraw Hill Book Co.
New York.
2. Gary D. Christian, James E. O’Reilly, Instrumental Analysis, John Wiley and
Sons.
3. Douglas A. Skoog, Stanley R. Crouch, Instrumental Analysis, Reinholt, New
York.
4. I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan
and Co. New York.
5. F.W. Fifield and D. Kealy, Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry I.T.B,
London.
Course Title: Electro-Analytical Techniques Paper-VII Code: CHEM-412
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course Contents
1. Electrode Phenomenon: The electrochemical cell. Oxidation and reductions
potentiometric methods, various types of electrodes and their use, over potentials
membrane potentials, some well known redox reactions of analytical importance,
ion selective electrodes, direct potentiometric measurement, potentiometric
titration.
2. Voltammetry: Principal of voltammetry, Instrumentation, different modes of
polarography. Application of the inorganic and organic analysis, Principles of
stripling voltammetry, types of stripling voltammetry and application analysis of
cation and anions.
3. Introduction to Coulometry and Amperometry.
4. Electrophoresis; Basic theory, instrumentation and applications
5. Radiochemical methods: Neutron activation analysis, isotopic dilution method,
radiometric methods, application
Books Recommended
Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis McGraw Hill Book Co.
New York.
Gary D. Christian, James E. O’Reilly, Instrumental Analysis, John Wiley and
Sons.
Douglas A. Skoog, Stanley R. Crouch, Instrumental Analysis, Reinholt, New
York.
43
I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan
and Co. New York.
Course Title: Spectroscopy and Advanced Instrumentation Paper-VIII
,Code:CHEM-413
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course Contents:
Principles of molecular fluorescence, instrumentation, analytical parameters and
analytical applications. Principles of flame photometry, instrumentation, application of
flame photometry and interferences. Principles of atomic fluorescence, instrumentation,
analytical parameters and analytical application. NMR Spectroscopy, principles and
interpretation of spectra. Introduction to X-Rays spectroscopy
Books Recommended
Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis McGraw Hill Book Co.
New York.
Gary D. Christian, James E. O’Reilly, Instrumental Analysis, John Wiley and
Sons.
Douglas A. Skoog, Stanley R. Crouch, Instrumental Analysis, Reinholt, New
York.
F.W. Fifield and D. Kealy, Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry I.T.B,
London.
Willard, Meritte and Dean, Instrumental Analysis, D. Van Nostrand, New York.
Advanced Instrumental Chemistry Practical/Research Project Credit Hours: 03
Marks: 100
44
SPECIALIZATION IN BIOCHEMISTRY
Course Title: Cell Biology Paper-VI Code:CHEM- 431
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course Content
Cell theory; Structure and chemical composition of cell, Introduction to Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes,
Cell organelles
Lysosome, Micro-bodies, Mitochondrial structure and the conservation of chemical
energy, Chloroplast structure, Plasma membrane, Cell wall, Mechanism of
photosynthesis, Separation of cell organelles, Functions of cell organelles.
Membrane transport
The concept of the unit membrane, Fluid mosaic model, Surface receptors and membrane
mediated control.. Active and Passive transport, Actin filaments, Microtubules,
Intermediate filaments.
Cell movements
Structure and function of cytoskeleton, Centriole, Cilia and Flagella, Mitotic apparatus.
Cell surface and cell communication,
Cell adhesion and junctions, Signal transduction and receptor functions, Cell membrane
receptors.
Cell division
Eukaryotic cell cycle, Mitosis and meiosis. Apoptosis and Necrosis.
Books Recommended
1. Molecular Biology of the Cell, (2008) 5th Editon .B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M.
Raff, K. Roberts & P. Walter Garland Sciences.
2. Molecular Cell Biology (2000) 4th Edition. H. Lodish, A. Berk, L. Zipursky, P.
Matsudaira, D. Baltimore & J. Darnell. W.H. Freeman.
3. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments (2008) by G. Karp John Wiley
& Sons.
Course Title: Immunology Paper-VII Code: CHEM- 432
45
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Introduction
Historical background, general concepts of the immune system. Innate and adaptive
immunity; Inflammation - general properties.Structure, properties and functions of the
immune cells & organs Hematopoeisis, T and B-lymphocytes, NK cells; Monocytes and
macrophages; Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.Mast cells and dendritic cells.
Thymus and Bone marrow; Lymph nodes, spleen, MALT, GALT and CALT.
Antigens and haptens
Properties (foreignness, molecular size, heterogeneity). B and T cell epitopes. T-
dependent and T- independent antigens.
Antibodies
Structure, function and properties of the antibodies; Different classes and biological
activities of antibodies; Antibody as B cell receptor, antigenic determinants on
antibodies (isotype, allotype and idiotype). Genesis of antibody variability (definitions of
combinatorial joining, junctional flexibility, somatic hypermutation, class switching,
allelic exclusion, immunoglobulin superfamily). Hybridoma technology, monoclonal
antibodies and abzymes, Introduction to antibody engineering (definitions of chimeric
and hybrid monoclonal antibodies).Major histocompatibility gene complex
Organization of MHC. Structure and cellular distribution of HLA antigens.
Complement system
Components of the complement activation - classical, alternative and lectin pathways.
Biological consequence of complement activation and names of complement
deficiencies.An overview of maturation and activation of B and T cells B-cell maturation
in bone marrow, humoral immune response, primary and secondary immune response,
generation of plasma and memory B cells. T cell maturation in thymus, thymic selection,
self MHC restriction of T cells, T cell receptor complex, T cell activation, co-stimulatory
signals, clonal expansion, generation of effector and memory T cells. Antigen presenting
cells, antigen processing and presentation pathway (cytosolic and endocytic).
Cell mediated immunity
Cell types (CTLs, NK cells, macrophages and TDTH cells), effector mechanisms and
effector molecules of cell mediated reactions. Assessment of cell-mediated
cytotoxicity. Cytokine properties and functions of IL-1 to IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IFN- γ.
Regulation and modulation of immune response A general account. Adjuvants, tolerance,
immunopotentiation and immunosuppression Immunological principles of various
reactions and techniques. Affinity and avidity, cross reactivity, precipitation,
agglutination, immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, ELISA (indirect, sandwich,
46
competitive, chemiluminescence, ELISPOT assay), western blotting,
immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and fluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy.
Hypersensitivity
Types and mechanism of hypersensitive reactions.
Autoimmunity
Mechanisms of induction of organ specific (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, autoimmune
anemias, Goodpasture’s syndrome, IDDM), and systemic (SLE, multiple sclerosis and
rheumatoid arthritis) autoimmune diseases. Therapeutic approach
Transplantation immunology
Types of grafts, immunologic basis of graft rejection, properties and types of
rejection, tissue typing, immunosuppressive therapy and transplants to
immunologically privileged sites.
Immunity and tumors
Types of tumors, tumor antigens (TSTA and TAA), immune response to tumors.
Tumor evasion of the immune system. Immunotherapy for tumors.
Immunodeficiency disorders
Animal models of primary immunodeficiency (nude mouse and SCID mouse).
Specific impaired functions in lymphoid lineage (SCID, Waldanstorm
agamaglobulinemia, DiGeorge syndrome, common variable immunodeficiency),
myeloid lineage (CGD, congenital neutropenia, Chediak-Higashi Syndrome and
leucocyte adhesion deficiency).
Books Recommended
1. Medical Immunology 10th Editon by T.G. Parslow, D.P.Stites, A.I. Terr &
J.B.Imboden.Lange.
2. Immunology,6th Editon. by I. Riott, J. Brostoff, & D. Male. Publisher: C. V. Mosby.
3. Kuby Immunology,(2006) 6th Edition by T. J. Kindt, B. Osborne & R.A.Goldsby,
W.H.Freeman
4. Principles of Microbiolgy,(1995) by R.M. Atlas
47
5. Advance Molecular Biology (1999) by W.Wisden & R. M. Twyman.
Course Title: Enzymology Paper- VIII Code: CHEM- 433
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Nomenclature, Effect of various factors on rate of reaction, Riboenzyme, General
characteristics of enzymes.
Classification of enzymes
Oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases
Enzyme catalysis
Covalent catalysis, Acid base catalysis, Substrate specificity, Isozymes, Coenzymes,
Cofactors, Enzyme activity, Regulation of enzyme activity, Proximity and orientation.
Enzyme kinetics
Lineweaver-Burk Plots, Michaelis-Menten equation, Multienzyme system, Bisubstrate
reactions, Catalytic mechanisms, Regulatory enzymes, Immobilised enzyme, Enzyme
activity.
Enzyme Inhibition
Enzyme inhibitors, Types of inhibition, Feedback inhibition, Allosteric inhibition
Books Recommended
1. Biochemistry (2007) 6th edition by J.M. Berg, J.L. Tymoczko & L. Stryer W.H.
Freeman & Co.
2. Fundamentals of Biochemistry (2008) 3rd Ed. by D. J. Voet, G.J. Voet and C. W.
Pratt. J. Wiley & Sons Inc.
3. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th Ed. by D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox. W. H.
Freeman Publishers
4. Biochemistry. (1999) 3rd Ed. by C. K. Mathews, K. E. Van Holde, & K.G. Ahern.
Prentice Hall.
5. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 27th Ed. By R.K. Murray, D.K. Grannar, V.W.
Rodwell. McGraw Hill.
6. Modern Experimental Biochemistry (1993) by R.F. Boyer. Benjamin-Cummings pub.
48
Co.
7. Varley’s Pratical Clinical Biochemistry (1991) 5th Edition byA.H. Gowenlock and M.
Bell. CBS Publishers & Distributors.
8. Text Book of Biochemistry (1971) by B. Harrow and A. Mazur W.B.Saunders
Company.
Course Title: Molecular Evolution Paper- IX Code: CHEM- 434
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Introduction to Evolution, Systematics, Patterns of Evolution, Macroevolution: Fossils
Microevolution: Natural Selection, Species and Speciation, Conflict and Cooperation
Evolution and Society
Books Recommended
1. Ayala, F.J. and Kiger, Jr. 1980. Modern Genetics.
2. Page, R. and E. Holmes. 1998. Molecular evolution: a phylogenetic approach.
Blackwell, London.
3. Yang Z.2006. Computational Molecular Evolution. Oxford University Press,
Oxford, England.
4. Graur, D. and W. H. Li 2000.Fundamentals of molecular evolution. 2nd
Edition,
Sinauer Associates, Massachussetts.
5. Li, W. H. 1997. Molecular Evolution. Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts.
6. Nei, M and S. Kumar.2000. Molecular evolution and phylogenetics. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
7. Gillespie, J. H. 1998. Population genetics:a concise guide.John Hopkins
University Press, Baltimore.
Course Title: Advanced Biochemistry Lab/Research Project
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
2. Study of cell structure using compound microscope and elucidation of ultra-structure
from electron microphotographs.
3. Cell structure in the staminal hair of Tradescantia.
49
4. Cellular reproduction, mitosis: smear/squash preparation of onion roots/cheek cells.
5. Extraction and estimation of enzymes from plant source. Acid and enzymatic
hydrolysis of glycogen and starch
6. Biosynthesis of enzymes by fungi and bacteria.
7. Effect of Temperature, Substrate concentration and Enzyme concentration on enzyme
activity.
8. Analysis of normal and abnormal constituents in urine
9. Analysis of organic and inorganic constituents of blood
10. Estimation of different vitamins
11. Separation of subcellular fractions in cells
12. Enzymes: Purification and kinetic studies of invertase,lactic dehydrogenase, and
peroxidase
13. Electrophoresis of plasma proteins, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Agarose
electrophoresis of DNA.
14. Cultivation of microorganisms in laboratory using solid and liquid culture media, test
tube, Petri plates
Books Recommended
1. Wilson, A. Practical Biochemistry: Principle and techniques (2000).
2. Swotzer, Experiment Biochemistry theory and exercises in fundamental method
(2000).
3. Dryer, R. L. and G. F. Lata, Experimental Biochemistry, Oxford University Press.
4. Plummer, D. T., Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, McGraw Hill Book Co.,
New York (1986).
5. Alexander, R. R., J. M Griggiths and M. L. Wikinson, Basic Biochemical
Methods, John Wiley & Sons.
6. Wooton, I. D. P., Microanalysis in Medical Biochemistry, J&A Churchill.
7. Gowenlock, A. H., Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry, 6th
ed., Heinemann
Professional Publishing, Oxford (1988).
8. T. N. Pattabiraman. Laboratory Manual in biochemistry. India Publishers (1988).
50
9. Gosling, J. P. Immunoassay: laboratory Analysis and Clinical application (1994).
10. Sauhney, Introductory Practical Biochemistry (1998).
51
SPECIALIZATION IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Course Title: Advanced Spectroscopic Methods of analysis-Paper- VII Code:
CHEM- 451
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course contents
Infra red spectroscopy: Basic instrumentation and Applications to the
determination of structure of inorganic compounds.
Raman spectroscopy: Basic instrumentation and Applications.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Basic principles and instrumentation
and applications to structure determination.
Books Recommended
1. C. N. Banwale, Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, McGraw-Hill, New
York.
2. Skoog. Holler. Nieman. Principles of instrumental analysis, fifth edition,
Thomson Learning Academic.
3. M. H. willard, L. L. Merrite, J.J A.Dean, instrumental methods of analysis, Van
Nostrand, New York.
Course Title: Inorganic Reaction mechanism Paper- VIII,Code: CHEM-45
Credit Hours : 03 Marks: 100
Course contents
Ligand replacement reactions
D, ID, Ia and A mechanisms, activation parameter, order and rates of reaction, formation
of complexes from equations, acid and base hydrolysis, displacement reaction in square
complexes , trans effect, substitution reactions and mechanism of substitution in
tetrahedral complexes.
Electron transfer processes
“Outer sphere” reactions, ligand bridge (inner sphere) reactions, two electron transfer and
redox reactions.
Theories of Acid-Base
Acid-Base and Donor-Acceptor Chemistry: Acid and Base Strength; Hard and Soft.
Acids and Bases;
Books Recommended
52
1. F.A. Cotton, and S.W, Advanced inorganic chemistry, John Wiley and sons, New
York.
2. F.Basolo and R. Johnson, Mechanism of inorganic reactions, John Wiley and
sons, New York.
3. F.Basalo and R. Johnson, Coordination chemistry, W.A. Benjamen , Row
Publishers, New York.
4. J.E. Huheey, Inorganic Harper and Row Publisher, New York.
5. D.Jonson, Mechanism of inorganic reaction in solutions, McGraw-Hill, London.
Course Title: Elementary group theory Paper- IX Code: CHEM-453
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course contents
Symmetry elements and symmetry operations, point groups, properties of groups,
matrices, transformation of matrices, character tables and their applications in
hybridization, IR and Raman spectroscopy.
Books recommended
1. Cotton F.A. “Chemical Applications of Groups Theory” Interscience Publishers
(1963).
2. Lowell Hall H. “Group Theory and Symmetry in Chemistry” McGraw Hill Book
Company (1969).
3. Vincent A. “Molecular symmetry and Group Theory”, John Wiley &sons,
London, (1977)
Course Title: Organometallics and Catalysis Paper- X Code: CHEM-454
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course contents
Definition and classification of organometallic compounds, sigma bonded organometallic
compounds (Metal alkyls and Grignard reagents). Synthesis, properties and nature of
bonding in pi complexes such as η2-η
7. Catalysis, Types of catalysis, Organic synthesis
via transition metal complexes (Hydroformylation, olefin hydrogenation, polymerization
of ethene and oxidation of ethene to acetaldehyde).
Books Recommended
1. M. Bochmann. Organometallic-1. Oxford University press (1994).
2. M. Bochmann. Organometallic-2. Oxford University press (1994).
3. A. Yamamoto. Organotransition metal chemistry. John wiley & sons, USA
(1986).
4. P. Pawell. Principles of organometallic chemistry. 2nd
edition, Chapman and Hall,
New York (1988).
53
Advance Inorganic Laboratory/ Research Project
Credit Hours = 03 Marks : 100
SPECIALIZATION COURSES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Organic Chemistry Semester- IV
Course Title: Natural Product Chemistry Paper -VII Code: CHEM- 461
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course contents
Introduction to Natural Product: Primary and Secondary Metabolite and drug discoveries
from Natural Products,
Alkaloids
Introduction; classification; isolation; general methods for structure elucidation;
discussion with particular reference to structure and synthesis of ephedrine, nicotine
quinine, and morphine.
Terpenoids
Introduction; classification; isolation; general methods for structure elucidation;
discussion with particular reference to structure and synthesis of citral, α-terpineol, α-
pinene and camphor.
Steroids
Introduction; nomenclature and stereochemistry of steroids; structure determination of
cholesterol and bile acids; introduction to steroidal hormones with particular reference to
adrenal cortical hormones.
Books Recommended
1 Clayden, J., Greeves, N. Warren, S. and Worthers, P. Organic Chemistry, Oxford
University (2001).
2 Mann, J., Davidson, R.S., Hobbs, J.B., Banthrope, D.V. and. Harborne, J.B,
Natural Products, Longman Group Ltd., U.K.(1994).
3 Nakanishi, K. ,Goto, T., Ioto, S. Natori, S. Nozone, S. et.al., Natural Products,
Vol. 1, Academic Press Inc, New York (1974).
4 Finar, I. L., Organic Chemistry, Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural
Products, Vol. 2, Pearson Education, Delhi (1975).
5 Shoppee, C. W., “Chemistry of the Steroids”, Butterworths, London.
6 Hesse, M., “Alkaloid Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
54
7 Fieser, L. F. and Fieser, M., “Steroids”, Asia Publishing House, London.
Course Title: Retro Chemistry Paper -VIII Code: CHEM- 462
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course Contents
Introduction to retrosynthesis: concepts of synthons and retrosynthetic approach synthesis
and uses: alkyl halides, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, ethers, aromatic compounds, carbonyl
and nitrogen compounds. Bond formations; C-C, C-N, and C-O bond formation.
Difuctionalised compounds, 1,2; 1,3; 1,4; and 1,6 cyclizations, simple intramolecular
reactions such as aldol, claisen condensation an robinson annulations reaction leading to
cyclic structures. Application of the concepts to target molecules.
Books Recommended
1. Waren, S., “Organic Synthesis-The Disconnection Approach”, John Wiley &
Sons, New York (1992).
2. Norman, R.O.C. and. Coxon, J.M Principles of organic synthesis, Blackie
Academic and Professional, London (1993).
3. Clayden, J. Greeves, N. Warren S. and Worthers, P. Organic Chemistry, Oxford
University (2001).
4. Willis, C. and Willis, M., Organic Synthesis, Oxford Science press (1995).
5. Smith, M. B., “Organic Synthesis”, McGraw-Hill, New York.
6. Waren, S., “Workbook for Organic Synthesis-The Disconnection Approach”,
John Wiley & Sons, New York.
7. Loudon, G. M., “Organic Chemistry”, Oxford University Press, New York.
Course Title: Name Organic Reactions Paper IX Code: CHEM- 463
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course Contents
Name Organic Reactions: Recent developments, mechanistic, stereochemical aspects and
synthetic applications of various Name reactions: Aldol Condensation, Diels-alder
reaction, Michael Addition, Robinson annulations, Knoevenagal Condensation, Clasien
Condensation, Dickmann Condensation, Mannich Reaction, Wittig reaction, Peterson
reaction, Heck Reaction, Friedal-Craft reaction, Favorski rearrangement, Husdiecker
reaction and fischer indole synthesis, pinacole Rearrangement, Birgmann,s
cyclisation,Birch reduction,
Recommended Books
1. Mundy, B.P. Ellerd, M.G. Favalozo F.G. and Favalozo, Jr. Name Reactions and
Reagents in Organic Synthesis, john Wiley, New York (2005).
55
2. Smith, M. B. and Marks, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Reactions, Mechanism
and Structure, 5th
ed., John Wiley, New York (2001).
3. R.O.S. Norman, Principles of organic synthesis, 3rd
ed., Chapman-Hall, London
(1993).
4. Gilchrist, T.L. and Rees, C. W., “Carbenes, Nitrenes and Arynes’ Nelson,
London.
5. Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren, S. and Wothers, P., “Organic Chemistry”,
Oxford University press New York.
6. Sykes, P.,“A guide book to Mechanism in organic Chemistry” longmann,
London.
7. Carry, F. A. and Sundberg, R.J., “ Advanced Organic Chemistry” Part A:”
Structure and Mechanisms” oxford university press.
8. Bruchner, R., Advance Organic Chemistry-Reaction Mechanism” Harcourt
Science and Technology company, New York.
Course Title: Interpretive Spectroscopy Paper- X Code: CHEM- 464
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course Contents
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: introduction, theory, instrumentation and sample handling.
Chemical shifts in H-and C-NMR, factors affecting chemical shifts, chemical shifts
equivalence and magnetic equivalence. Spin coupling: spin couplings and factors
affecting spin couplings, first order spin systems. Double resonance experiments:
selective spin decoupling. NOE difference spectra, H BB decoupled and DEPT spectra.
Applications: shift reagents, dynamic NMR, structure elucidation of organic compounds
by joint applications of UV, IR, NMR and MS.
Recommended Books
1. Hesse, M. Meier H. and Zeeh, B. Spectroscopic methods in organic Chemistry,
Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany (1997).
2. Pavia, D.L. Lampan G. M. and Kirz, G.S., Introduction to spectroscopy,
Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning, USAS (2001).
3. Silverstein, R.M. Webster, F.X. and Kiemle, Spectroscopic identification of
organic compounds, John Wiley and Sons Inc., USA (2005).
4. Harwood, L.M. and. Claridge, T.D.W introduction to Organic spectroscopy,
Oxford University Press Inc., New York (1997).
5. Friebolin, H., Basic one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopy, 4th
ed., Wiley
VCH, New York (2005).
6. Macomber, R.S., NMR Spectroscopy: Basic Principles and Applications,
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, San Diego (1998).
7. Younas, M., Organic Spectroscopy,Ilmi kitab Khana, Lahore (2001).
8. Breitmaier, E., Structure Elucidation by NMR in Organic chemistry: a Practical
Guide, John Wiley, West Suessex (2002).
56
Course Title: Advance Organic Chemistry Laboratory/ Research Project
Course Code: Practical/ Research
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course Contents
Synthesis and characterization of some commercially important polymers, isolation,
purification and identification of natural products, synthesis of some pharmaceutically
important hetrocyclic compounds.
Recommended Books
1. Clarke, H. T., “A Handbook of Organic Analysis-Qualitative and Quantitative”,
CBS Publishers & Distributors , New Delhi.
2. Mann, F. G. and Saunders, B. C., “Practical Organic Chemistry”, Longman,
London.
3. Vogel, A. I., “Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry Part 3: Quantitative
Organic Analysis”, Longman, London.
4. Vishnoi, N. K., “Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry”, Vikas Publishing
House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Furniss, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., Smith, P. W. G. and Tatchell, A. R., “Vogel’s
Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry”, National Book Foundation,
Islamabad.
6. Shriner, R. L., Hermann, C. K. F., Morrill, T. C., Curtin, D. Y. and Fuson, R. C.,
“The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds”, John Wiley & Sons,
New York.
7. Mendham, J., Denney, R. C., Barnes, J. D. and Thomas, M. J. K., “Vogel’s Text
Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis”, Pearson Education, New Delhi.
8. Beckett, A. H. and Stenlake, J. B., “Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry”, Athlone
Press, London.
9. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M. and Kriz, G. S. “Introduction to Spectroscopy: A
Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry”, Saunders Golden Sunburst Series,
London.
10. Silverstein, R. N., Barrler, G. C. and Morrill, T. C., “Spectrometric Identification
of Organic Compounds”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
11. Kalsi, P.S. “Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New
Delhi.
12. Palleros, D. R., “Experimental Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New
York.
13. Keese, R, Muller, R. K. and Toube, T. P., “Fundamentals of Preparative Organic
Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
14. Gurtu, J. N. and Kapoor, R., “Advanced Experimental Chemistry”, S. Chand &
Company Ltd., New Delhi.
15. Newman, M. S., “An Advanced Organic Laboratory Course”, Macmillan, New
York.
57
16. Zubrick, J. W., “The Organic Chem Lab Survival Manual: A Student’s Guide to
Techniques”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
SPECIALIZATION IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Course Title: Chemical Kinetics Paper-VII, Code: CHEM- 471
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Derivation of the rate equations. Theory of absolute reaction rate. Reversible reactions,
parallel reactions and consecutive reactions. Correlation between physical properties and
concentration. Comparison of collision and absolute reaction theories. Advanced theories
of unimolecular reactions. Potential energy surfaces. Thermodynamic formulation of
reaction rates. Calculation of entropy and enthalpy changes. Thermal decomposition of
nitrogen pentaoxide.
Recommended Books
1. Albery J., Electrode Kinetics, Clarendon, Oxford (1975).
1. Espenson, J. H. Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism 2nd
ed., McGraw Hill
London (2002).
2. Espenson J.H. “Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms” 2nd
ed. McGraw
Hill, New York (1995).
3. Frost A.A. and Pearson R.G. “Kinetic and Mechanism” 2nd
ed. John Wiley and
Sons Inc, New York (1961).
4. Laidler K.J. “Chemical Kinetics” 3rd
ed. Pearson Education Company, New York
(1987).
5. Laidler L.J. “Reaction Kinetic VII, II Reaction in Solution” Pergamon Press, New
York (1963).
Course Title: Molecular Spectroscopy Paper-VIII , Code: CHEM- 472
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Symmetry properties of molecules.
Microwave and infrared spectroscopy. Rotational, vibrational and rotational-vibrational
spectra of diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Electronic spectra of simple molecules.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy.
Books Recommended
1. Whiffen D. H. “Spectroscopy” Longmans Green and Co.: London, (1966).
2. Barrow G. “Molecular Spectroscopy” McGraw Hill (1962).
58
1. Becker E. D. “High Resolution NMR; Theory & Chemical Application”, New
York, Academic Press (1980).
3. Graybal J.D. “Molecular Spectroscopy”, New York, McGraw-Hill (1988).
Course Title: Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Paper - IX , Code: CHEM- 473
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Adsorption, types of adsorption, adsorption isotherm, Langmuir, Freundlich, B.E.T
adsorption isotherm, application of B.E.T adsorption isotherm,Gas adsorption isotherm or
Henry equation, Surface active and surface inactive substances, Solid surfaces. Gas solid
interface. Thermodynamics of adsorption. Heterogeneous catalysis. Kinetic and
mechanisms of catalyzed reactions. Adsorption at liquid surfaces. Enzymatic catalysis.
Organized molecular assemblies. Colloidal solutions. Catalyst preparation methods.
Industrial catalysts.
Books Recommended
1. Segal H. “Enzyme Kinetics” John Wiley New York (1975).
2. Schlutz A.R. “Enzyme Kinetics” (1964) Cambridge University Press England.
Course Title: Nuclear Chemistry Paper-X Code: CHEM- 474
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Course Contents
Radioactivity, elemental particles, isotopes, isobars, isotones,
transmutation and artificial radioactivity, Bohar,s theory of nuclear reaction,
classification of nuclear reactions, nuclear reactions vs chemicals reactions, mass defect
and binding energy, nuclear fusion and nuclear fission, Q.value of nuclear reaction.
Atomic nucleus, nuclides, nuclear stability, nuclear energetic, nuclear models (shell +
liquid drop model), non-spontaneous nuclear processes, nuclear reactors, beta decay
systematic, nuclear spins. Atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb, uses of radioisotopes in
reaction mechanism, in diagnosis of diseases, in industry, in agriculture. Determination of
the age of the earth by rock dating method, determination of the age of recent objects by
radioactive carbon dating method.
Books Recommended
1. Albert R.A., Robert J.S. and Moungi G.B. “Physical Chemistry”. 4th
ed., John
Wiley and Sons (2004).
2. Ball D.W. “Physical Chemistry” 1st
ed., Brooks/Cole Co. Inc. (2003).
59
3. Vertes A. “Basics of Nuclear Science” Kluwer Academic Publisher London
(2003).
4. Friedlander G. and Kennedy J.W. “Nuclear and Radiochemistry” 3rd
ed., Wiley,
New York (1981).
Advanced Physical Lab/Research Project
Credit Hours: 03 Marks: 100
Study of multistep reactions.
Sugar analysis and inversion studies by polarimetry.
Study of isotherms and experiments of surface chemistry.
Kinetics of fading of phenolphthalein in alkaline solution.
Study of the effect of pH on the rate constant of the reaction between iodide and
persulphate ions.
Study of the salt effect on the rate constant of the reaction between similar
charges of ions.
Kinetics of autocatalytic reaction between permanganate and oxalate ions.
Determination of energy of activation of the reaction between similar chargers of
ions.
Kinetics of the reaction between methyl orange and peroxodisulphate ions in
presence of bromide ions.
Stoichiometry of a complex in solution by Job’s method.
Books Recommended
1. Braun R.D. and Walters F. “Application of Chemical Analysis” (1982).
2. David P. “Experiments in Physical Chemistry” 5th
ed. (1989).
1. 3). Shoemaker C.W., Nibler G.J.W. and Christian G.D. “Analytical Chemistry”
6th
ed. (2004).
3. James A.M. and Prichard F.E. “Practical Physical Chemistry” 3rd
ed. Longman
(1974).
4. Mowry S. and Ogren P.J., J. Chemical Education, 76(7) (1999).
2. 6). Shoemaker D.P., Garland C.W. and Nibler J.W. “Experiments in Physical
Chemistry” McGraw Hills, New York (1989).