Denver melanie education slides
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Transcript of Denver melanie education slides
The Basal/Bolus Insulin Concept
Basal insulin
The dose of insulin used to create a constant background level of insulin in the blood is called the basal dose
Suppresses glucose production between meals and overnight
40% to 50% of daily needs
Bolus/Prandial insulin (mealtime)
The dose of insulin used to cover the need of each meal is the prandial dose of insulin
Limits hyperglycemia after meals
10% to 20% of total daily insulin requirement at each meal which then equals a total of approximately 40% to 50% of daily needs
Basal-Bolus vs. Sliding Scale Insulin Regimens
What’s wrong with Sliding Scale by itself?
Reactive Approach- waiting until BG elevates
Causes rollercoaster effect for patient
Basal/bolus approach is proactive; more like normal insulin delivery
Basal bolus with correction should be used, not correction by itself in most cases.
Basal-Bolus vs. Sliding Scale Insulin Regimens
During Hospitalization Patients are best served by conversion from oral diabetes
agents to basal-bolus insulin therapy.
Insulin is more versatile and easily titrated.
IV insulin infusions are preferable in the rapidly changing environment of acute illness, DKA or surgery.
IV insulin has a half life of 5 minutes.
Moghissi E, Korytkowski M, DiNardo M, Einhorn,D et al. AACE consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. Endocrine Practice. 2009:15(4):1-17.
Basal-Bolus vs. Sliding Scale Insulin Regimens
Launch into Hyperspace
Starting Basal Bolus Insulin Regimen
Dosing - TDD
• Calculating Total Daily Dose (TDD) of insulin for patients with unknown insulin requirements: • Type 1 diabetics, 0.5–0.7 units/kg insulin/24-h period• Type 2 diabetics, 0.4–1.0 units/kg or more• If NPO or low intake:
• Type 1 diabetics, reduce TDD by 50% • Type 2 diabetics, only correctional insulin is usually sufficient
Starting Basal Bolus Insulin Regimen
Dosing – basal/bolus
• Basal Insulin = ½ TDD TDD=total daily dose• Give All of Calculated Glargine (Lantus) Dose Q 24h• We usually give at 9:00 PM. It can be given in the am if the patient routinely takes it
at this time. It is most important to give it at the same time every day• Goal: Fasting blood sugar And Pre-Meal blood sugar should = 110-140. Fasting is
used to determine dose adjustments of Lantus• Bolus Doses = ½ TDD divided into the 3 meals
• We give prandial doses before each meal• Prandial doses are given when the patient is eating. They are the dose that is held if
the patient is NPO. Prandial = meal.• Correction scale
-We usually give correction doses before each meal added to the prandial dose however they can and should be given independent of the prandial dose when warranted.-Correction doses should always be given even when the patient is NPO and even if the prandial portion is being held.
NEVER discontinue basal insulin on a patient with Type 1 Diabetes unless on an IV insulin infusion or an insulin pump. Holding even a single dose can result in DKA.
Lantus should still be given when patient is NPO.
Renal impairment dose for Lantus should be used for creatinine clearance of less than 30
Lantus is not currently approved for use in pregnancy.
You may still see Lantus used in pregnancy or you see NPH dosed BID or an insulin pump with HumaLOG or NovoLOG
Basal Guidelines
Basal Insulin
Prandial Insulin
Glucose
mg/dl
Low
type 1, very insulin
sensitive, TDD less than 40
units/day
Medium
usual type 2 starting dose,
home TDD of 40-80
units/day)
High
type 2 insulin resistant,
TDD of over 80 units/day,
IV steroid pts
Individual
(pts that high correction is not
high enough consider adding
additional units
120-139 0 units 0 units 0 units ____
140-199 1 units 2 units 3 units ____
200-249 2 units 4 units 6 units ____
250-299 3 units 6 units 9 units ____
300-349 4 units 8 units 12 units
350-399 5 units 10 units 15 units ____
400 or greater 6 units 12 units 18 units ____
Correction Insulin algorithm
Correction Insulin
Correction insulin should still be given when patient is NPO
Give with prandial insulin based on the pre-meal blood glucose value when patient is eating.
Bedtime Correction: Is a lesser dose than day time correction.
IF patient is on continuous tube feedings/TPN bedtime correction dose is based on blood glucose result with no reduction in dose of insulin
Correction Insulin Guidelines
Hypoglycemia Protocol
Basal Dose (Give It!) Type 1 = (Give It!) 100% dose Type 2 = (Give It!) but can call MD
to get dose decreased if needed
Prandial Dose: No prandial insulin (It’s the only insulin held when NPO)
Correction Dose: (Give It!) Should give Correction insulin!
What if the patient is NPO??
•Call physician if blood sugar less than 70mg/dL or greater than 400mg/dL.
•Verify results with STAT venipuncture if less than 40mg/dL or greater than 600 mg/dL.
•Call physician for 3 blood glucoses over 180.
•Nursing to notify pharmacy of changes in diet orders to NPO or from NPO to eating.
•Finger stick frequency will be adjusted to reflect patient nutrition status.
Nursing – Notification Guidelines