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On the basis of physical & morphologic criteria,oral cavity can be divided in to 5 majorecosystems:

1. Intraoral, supragingival, hard surfaces (teeth,

implants, restorations & prosthesis)2. Periodontal/periimplant pocket (with its

crevicular fluid, root cementum or implant surface,& the pocket epithelium)

3. Buccal epithelium, palatal epithelium & epitheliumof floor of mouth.

4. Dorsum of tongue5. Tonsils

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TeethNon shredding surfaces

Stagnant sites; foodimpaction possible

Influenced by GCF &saliva

Streptococcus,Actinomyces, Veillonella,Fusobacteria, Prevotella,Treponema, unculturable

organisms

TongueHighly papillated surfaces

Some anaerobic sites.Facultative & obligate anaerobesDiverse microflora Streptococcus,

Actinomyces, Rothia, Neisseria

Cheeks, Lips, PalateMicroflora has low

diversitySome periodontal

pathogens persist byinvading buccal cells.Streptococcus spp.

predominate



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Gram

negative

cocci

rods

Gram

positive

cocci

rods4DENTAL PAQUE12/27/2011


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Cocci Rods

Abiotrophia Actinobaculum

Enterococcus ActinomycesGemella Alloscardovia

Preptostreptococcus Bifidobacterium

Streptococcus Cornybacterium

Finegoldia Eubacterium

Granulicatella Filifactor

Lactobacillus

Propionibacterium

Rothia

solobacterium5DENTAL PAQUE12/27/2011


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Cocci Rods

Anaeroglobu Aggregatibacter

Mega sphaera Campylobacter

Moraxella Cantonella

Neisseria Capnocytophaga

Veillonella Centipeda

Eikenella

Leptotrichia

PrevotellaPorphyromonas

Tanerella

Treponema

wolinella



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Tooth

Approximal

Gram positive &gram negative;facultative &

obligateanaerobes:

1. Neisseria

2. Streptococcus3. Prevotella4. Actinomyces

5. veillonella

Gingival crevice

Gram positive &gram negative &obligate

anaerobes:1. Streptococcus

2. Prevotella

3. Actinomyces4. Treponema

5. Eubacterium

FissureGram positive;

Facultativeanaerobes

1. Streptococcus2. Actinomyces



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Definitions


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Dental plaque is a general term for complex microbialcommunity that develops on the tooth surface,embedded in a matrix of polymers of bacterial &salivary origin.

Dental plaque can be defined as the soft deposits thatform the biofilm adhering to the tooth surface or otherhard surfaces in the oral cavity, including removableand fixed restorations.

Carranza 9thedition



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Marginalplaque*

Supragingival*

Subgingival*

Tooth associated

Tissue associated



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Dental plaque must be differentiated from othertooth deposits, like materia alba and calculus.

Materia Alba refers to soft accumulations of bacteria

and tissue cells that lack the organized structure ofdental plaque and are easily displaced with a waterspray .

Calculus is hard deposits that form by mineralizationof dental plaque and is generally covered by a layerof un mineralised plaque.



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Material alba Calculus



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Carranza 11thedition 14DENTAL PAQUE12/27/2011


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Plaque can be defined as a complex microbialcommunity, with greater than 1010 bacteria permilligram.

In addition to the bacterial cells, plaque contains asmall number of epithelial cells, leukocytes, andmacrophages. The cells are contained within anextracellular matrix, which is formed from bacterial

products and saliva.

The extracellular matrix contains protein,polysaccharide, lipids and glycoproteins.



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12/27/2011 DENTAL PAQUE 16

Composition

organic and in - organic


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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DENTAL PLAQUE

80% water

20% solids, includes cells mainly bacteria making up 35%of the dry weight and extracellular components making 65%

of the dry weight.

Other than bacteria, non bacterial organisms include:

Mycoplasma Yeast

Protozoa

Viruses

Host cells in Dental plaque.Epithelial cells

Macrophages

Leukocytes



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INTERCELLULAR MATRIX OF

DENTAL PLAQUE

Organic constituents

Inorganic constituents

Material from Saliva, GCF and bacteria



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INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS

Primarily - Calcium & Phosphate

Traces - Sodium, Potassium and Fluoride

Fluoride - From external sources like

is derived tooth paste, mouth washes



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12/27/2011 DENTAL PAQUE 21

Formation

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