Dental Problems & FAQ - WordPress.com€¦ · 3 দাাঁতের কিছু সমসযা...

Dr. Mohammad Khursheed Alam

Senior Lecturer

Orthodontic Unit

School of Dental Science

Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Dental Problems & FAQ

2

First Published November 2011

© Dr. Mohammad Khursheed Alam

© All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system,

or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or

otherwise, without prior permission of author/s or publisher.

ISBN: 978-967-5547-52-2

Correspondance:

Dr. Mohammad Khursheed Alam

Senior Lecturer

Orthodontic Unit

School of Dental Science

Health Campus


Email:

[email protected]

[email protected]

Published by:

KKMED Publication

Jabatan Pendidikan Perubatan, Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan,


Kubang Kerian, 16150. Kota Bharu, Kelatan.

Published in Malaysia

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

3

দাাঁতের কিছু সমসযা ও

োর সমাধান

Wvt †gvt †Lv‡k©` Avjg (mvMi)

wewWGm (wWBD), wcwRwU, wcGBPwW (Rvcvb)

কসকনয়র লেিচারার

A‡_©vWbwUKm wefvM

সু্কে অফ লেন্টাে সাইন্স

ইউকনভারকসটি সাইন্স |

B-†gBj : [email protected]

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

4

†jLK cwiwPwZ I Rxeb e„Ëvš—

†gvt †Lv‡k©` Avjg (mvMi), কসকনয়র লেিচারার, A‡_©vWbwUKm wefvM, সু্কে অফ লেন্টাে সাইন্স, ইউকনভারকসটি সাইন্স মায়েশল়ো| cyivZb XvKvi wmwÏK evRv‡i Rb¥| evev AvjnvR¡ †gvt Bmjvg, gv †RvevB`v kvnxb| cvuP fvB

†ev‡bi g‡a¨ Wvt mvMi †gS| †QvU †ejv †_‡K Wvt nIqvi kL g‡bi

g‡a¨ jvjb K‡i, gv‡qi AK¬vš— cwikª‡gi ì b AvR Wvt mvMi-Gi

Ae¯ vb|

evsjv‡`k ‡W›Uvj K‡jR Gi cÖ_g e¨vP Gi QvÎ Wvt mvMi, cÖwZwU cix¶v K…wZ‡Z¡i

mv‡_ K…ZKvh© n‡q mKj wk¶‡KiB LyeB Av`‡ii QvÎ wQ‡jb, Zvi GB K…wZZ¡ Ges AK¬vš—

cwikªg Gi ì b B›Uvwb© †kl Kivi ci ciB miKvwifv‡e Rvcvb miKvi Gi gbeyKvMvKz‡mv

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cvuP eQi w`b ivZ cwikª‡gi ci wcGBPwW wWMÖx jvf K‡ib| Rvcvb _vKvKvjxb, mgq wZwb

Rvcv‡bi wewfbœ kni, †Kvwiqv A‡÷ªwjqv Ges Av‡gwiKv‡Z Dbvi M‡elYv Dc¯ vcb K‡i

cÖkswmZ nb| Dbvi GB ch©š— 25wUi I AwaK M‡elYvi Rvb©vj, wewfbœ B›Uvib¨vkbvj I

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g¨vMvwRb G Dbvi †jLv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|

Wvt mvMi, A‡_©vWbwUKm welq Ges A‡_©vWbwUKm wPwKrmvi RM‡Z wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ

†i‡L †`k I †`‡ki gvby‡li †mev Ki‡Z Pvb|

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jvf K‡i‡Qb| Dbvi cov wewfbœ Kv‡R wZwb memgqB Drmvn hywM‡q‡Qb| Dbvi Rxe‡b Zvi

Ae`vb Ab¯^xKvh©|

Wvt mvMi I Wvt jvwgkvÕi Ni Av‡jv K‡i Av‡Q Zv‡ì GKgvÎ cyÎ mš—vb †gvt

kviwRj|

5

উৎর্গ Avgvi Av¤§y ও আব্ব,ু hvi Rb¨ Avgvi GB

Rxeb| Avgvi †Q‡j, †gvt kviRxj Avjg hv‡K

†`L‡j Avgvi gb fv‡jv n‡q hvq| me K¬vwš— `~i

n‡q hvq|

6

cig Ki Yvgq Avjvni bv‡g Avi¤¢ KiwQ-

K…ZÁZv cÖKvk :

K…ZÁZv Rvbv‡Z PvB Avgvi kª‡×q wk¶K‡ì hviv Avgv‡K GB Ae  ̄v‡b Avmvi

Rb¨ memgq mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv I Aby‡cÖiYv hywM‡q‡Qb:-

1| Prof Iida Junichiro, Chairman Orthodontics Department,

Hokkaido University Japan.

2| Asst. Professor Kajii S Takashi, Orthodontics

Department, Hokkaido University Japan.

3| Prof. Amirul Islam Principal Bangladesh Dental College.

4| Asso. Prof. Lamiya Chowdhury, Head Orthodontics

Department (Ex), Sapporo Dental College.

Av‡iv K…ZÁZv cÖKvk Ki‡Z PvB Avgvi kª‡×q wk¶K Prof.

Emadul Haq. (Ex, Principal Dhaka Dental College and City

Dental College) m¨vi‡K hvi Orthodontics eB c‡o Avwg †mB QvÎ

eqm †_‡K eB †jLvi cÖwZ AbycÖvwbZ n‡qwQjvg|

me©‡k‡l A‡kl abëv` Rvbv‡Z PvB Zv‡K Ges Zv‡ì‡K †h Ges hviv

GB eB †jLvi mv‡_ IZ‡cÖvZ fv‡e RwoZ|

7

myPxcÎ

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8

f~wgKv

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gvby‡li cÖej| hy‡Mi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Zviv †ek m‡PZbI| wPwKrmv

weÁv‡bi wewfbœ w`K m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Zviv LyeB AvMÖnx| mvaviY

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Avwg AbycÖvwYZ n‡qwQ| G eBwU co‡j †h †Kvb gvbyl `vuZ I Zvi

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wPwKrmv weÁv‡bi QvÎ-QvÎx‡ìI Kv‡R Avm‡e| GQvov mvaviY gvbyl

Zv‡ì `vuZ I Zvi †ivM e¨vwa m¤ú‡K© A‡bK cÖkœ I Zvi mgvavb

Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

eBwU m¤ú‡K© †h †Kvb g~jëvb gZvgZ, mywPwš—Z civgk© mv`‡i

MÖnY Kiv n‡e|

cwi‡k‡l ej‡Z PvB, mvgvb¨ GB cwim‡i `vu‡Zi wKQy mgm¨v I

Zvi mgvavb এর gZ wekvj GKwU welq‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Zz‡j aiv m¤¢e

bq| Avgvi GB ¶z`ª cÖqvm Avcbv‡ì mvgvb¨Zg DcKv‡i G‡jI

Avgvi cwikªg mv_©K n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b Ki‡ev| mevB‡K abëv`|

9

`vuZ m¤ú‡K© Avgiv mevB wK fv‡jvfv‡e Rvwb?

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wQuo‡Z, Kvgo w`‡Z wPev‡Z, ¯úófv‡e K_v Kj‡Z m‡ev©cwi ‡m․›`h© e„w×‡Z f~wgKv iv‡L|

Lv`¨ ª̀e¨ nRg nIqvi cÖ_g avc n‡Q fv‡jvfv‡e Lv`¨`ªe¨ wPev‡bv, hv `vuZ Qvov wKQzUv

n‡jI KóKi|

gvby‡li Rxe‡b `vuZ I‡V `yÕevi, Bù y‡ii `vuZ I‡V GKevi| Avevi wKQz cÖvYxi `yB ev

Z‡ZvwaKevi `vuZ DV‡Z †`Lv hvq; †hgb - nv½i, cÖwZ `yB mßvn Aš—i Aš—i G‡`i bZzb `vuZ

D‡V _v‡K|

`vuZ IVvi eqmxgv: gvby‡li Rxe‡b †gvU `yÕevi `vuZ I‡V, hv‡K `ya `vuZ I ¯ vqx `vuZ GB `yB

bv‡g bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| wkïiv Qq eQi eqm ‡_‡K `ya `vuZ co‡Z ïi  K‡i Ges ¯ vqx

`vuZ IVv ïi  K‡i| 12-13 eQi eq‡mi g‡a¨ gy‡L 28 wU ¯ vqx `vuZ P‡j Av‡m| cieZx©Kv‡j

17-25 eQi eq‡mi g‡a¨ Av‡iv PviwU `vuZ I‡V hv‡K Av‡°j `vuZ e‡j n‡q

_v‡K| `vuZ IVvi mv‡_ mv‡_ †Pvqv‡jI e„w× ‡c‡Z _v‡K|

`vu‡Zi bvg: mvg‡bi PviwU `vuZ‡K KZ©b `vuZ (Incisor)

gy‡Li †Kvbvq KZ©b `vu‡Zi `yÕcv‡k Ae¯ vb K‡i †Q`b `vuZ

(Canine teeth) ‡Q`b `vu‡Zi c‡i A_v©r †cQ‡bi

`vu¸‡jv‡K †clY `vuZ (Molar teeth ejv nq|

`vu‡Zi MVb: mvaviYfv‡e cÖwZwU `vuZ‡K `yÕwU As‡k fvM Kiv hvq-

µvDb ev `vu‡Zi gyKzU Ges i U ev `vu‡Zi wkKo| `vu‡Zi †h Ask gy‡Li g‡a¨

†`Lv hvq Zv‡K µvDb e‡j| µvD‡bi me‡P‡q evB‡ii AveiY‡K Gbv‡gj e‡j|

gvbe‡`‡ni me‡P‡q k³ Ask n‡jv Gbv‡gj| Gbv‡g‡ji wVK wb‡Pi AveiY µvDb I i ‡U

_v‡K Zv‡K †Ww›Ub e‡j| †Ww›Ub ms‡e`bkxj| †Ww›U‡bi wVK wb‡P big, i³bvjx I

mœvqyg¾v wb‡q MwVZ As‡ki bvg cví ev `š—g¾v| Gi gva¨‡g †Ww›Ub cywó MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|

10

`vu‡Zi wkKo gvwp I nvo w`‡q AvK…Z _v‡K|

wkK‡oi me‡P‡q evB‡ii AveiY n‡jv wm‡g›Uvg| GB

wm‡g›Uvg Ges nv‡oi gv‡S †h dvuKv ¯ vb wewfbœ Avuk

Ges _j_‡j wUmy¨ w`‡q •Zwi Zvi bvg †cwiIW›Uvj

wjMv‡g›U| Giv `uvZ‡K nv‡oi mv‡_ a‡i ivL‡Z

mvnvh¨ K‡i| wewfbœ `vu‡Z wewfbœmsL¨K wkKi _v‡K|

mvaviYZ mvg‡bi `vuZ¸‡jv‡Z GKwU Ges †cQ‡bi

`vuZ¸‡jv‡Z `y-wZbwU wkKo _v‡K|

AwZwi³ `vuZ: wKQz wKQz †¶‡Î gvby‡li gy‡L evowZ wKQz `vuZ _vK‡Z cv‡i, hv‡K

Supernumerary ev Supplemental tooth e‡j| Avevi A‡bK †¶‡Î wKQz wkï `vuZ

wb‡q Rb¥MÖnY K‡i _v‡K hv‡K neonatal tooth e‡j| Gme †¶‡Î AvZw¼Z bv n‡q AwfÁ

`š—wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| `uv‡Zi mgm¨v ev `š—‡ivM n‡jv GK ai‡bi ¸i Zi

mgm¨v| Z‡e fv‡jv Lei GB †h, †ewki fvM `š—‡ivM †_‡K Lye mn‡RB fv‡jv nIqv m¤¢e|

cÖ‡qvRb `vuZ I gvwpi mwVK cwiPhv©| by¨bZg Qq gvm Aš—i †W›Uvj †PKAvc| `vuZ I gvwpi

hZœ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges Ab¨‡KI Rvbv‡bv|

11

cÖavb cÖavb `š—‡ivM

gy‡L `yM©Ü nIqv:

hw` Avcbvi gy‡L `yM©Ü nq, Zvn‡j Rb‡eb GB mgm¨vq ïay Avcwb GKv bb A‡b‡KB G

mgm¨vi ¯^xKvi, ZvB j¾v bv K‡i mwVK wPwKrmv wbb| GB mgm¨v‡K n¨vwj‡Uvwmm ejv nq|

85% †jvK †Kvb bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e GB mgm¨vq fyM‡Qb|

mvaviYZ t

gvwpi mgm¨v

`š—¶q

gy‡Li K¨vÝvi

ïKbv gyL I gyLMnŸi

wRnŸvq e¨vK‡Uwiqvi we¯—vi

G me Kvi‡Y gy‡L `yM©Ü n‡Z cv‡i| evRv‡i A‡bK myMwÜ gvD_Iqvk cvIqv hvq, Zv

w`‡q KzjKzwP Kijvg Avi fv‡jv n‡q †M‡jv- G K_v wVK bq| G¸‡jv ïay ỳM©Ü †X‡K iv‡L

wKš‧ `š—‡ivM ev Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨v †_‡K gy³ K‡i bv| hw` Avcwb GB mgm¨vq †fv‡Mb Zvn‡j

AwfÁ †Ww›U‡÷i kiYvcbœ nb|

GB †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡ai wKQz Dcvq:

wbw`©ó mgq Aš—i †W›Uvj †PKAvc Kivb

w`‡b Aš—Z `yÕevi eªvk Ki b

w`‡b GKevi Aš—Z `vu‡Z d¬m Ki b

RxevYybvkK fv‡jv gvD_Iqvk w`‡q KzjKzwP Ki b

wRnŸvi Dcivsk eªvk Ki b

wmMv‡iU, ZvgvK cwienvi Ki b

‡ewk K‡i cvwb Lvb|

12

†W›Uvj K¨vwiR e¨v¯— GKwU RvqMv n‡jv Avgv‡`i gyL| Avi GLv‡b mviv w`b wePiY

K‡i ‡QvU †QvU A‡bK e¨vK‡Uwiqv Ges RxweZ RxevYy KYv|

gy‡L e¨vK‡Uwiqv _vKv ¯^vfvwÿK| wKQz e¨vK‡Uwiqv ¶wZKi

Avevi wKQz Av‡Q DcKvix| wKQz e¨vK‡Uwiqv mn‡RB `vu‡Zi

Gbv‡g‡j †j‡M hvq| hw` G¸‡jv mgqg‡Zv miv‡bv bv nq

Zvn‡j Zv e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K Ges K‡jvwb •Zwi K‡i| c‡i

G¸‡jv `vu‡Zi Ici mv`v wd‡j¥i g‡Zv •Zwi K‡i, G¸‡jv‡K

c¨vK e‡j| ax‡i ax‡i G¸‡jv `vu‡Z MZ© ev ¶q m„wó ev

Kv‡jv `vM •Zwi K‡i| G‡K ejv nq `vu‡Zi K¨vwiR ev `š—

¶q ev `v‡Z K¨vwfwU ev `vu‡Z †cvKv aviv|

‡W›Uvj K¨vwi‡Ri cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯ v

eªvk Ki b Aš—Z w`‡b `yÕevi

d¬vm Ki b Aš—Z w`‡b GKevi

cywóKi Lvevi Lvb, wgwóRvZxq Lvevi I cvbxq Kg Lvb

‡W›Uvj †PKAvc, `š—¶q ev †W›Uvj K¨vwiR wbY©‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq G·-‡i Kivb|

`vu‡Zi Kvgo †`qvi RvqMvq `š—¶q i¶vKvix wm‡j›U †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|

RxevYybvkK fv‡jv gvD_Iqvk w`‡q KzjKzwP Ki b

wPwbwenxb PzBsMvg Pvev‡Z cv‡ib|

13

`vu‡Zi Pvi cv‡k gv‡b gvwoUv dzj †M‡Q, gy‡L `yM©Ü n‡Q, eªvk Ki‡j i³ †ei n‡Q - G

mewKQz gvwp cÖ`v‡ni `i b nq| ‡Kb nq?

`vuZ Ges gvwpi ms‡hvM ¯ ‡j c¨vK, K¨vjKzjvm R‡g †M‡j gvwp cÖ`vn nq|

`vuZ Lye †ewk AvuKvevuKv _vK‡j

Szjš— wdwjs wKsev Ly‡j cov `vuZ (†WbPvi) _vK‡j

Mf©ve¯ vq Ges

ev‡qvmwÜKv‡j

Wvqv‡ewUm Ges i‡³i

†Kv‡bv ‡ivM _vK‡j|

‡`L‡Z †Kgb?

gvwp jvj n‡q _v‡K

wKQzUv dz‡j _v‡K

nvjKv e¨_v Abyf~Z nq

GKUz Pvc wKsev eªvk Ki‡j i³¶iY nq

gvwp wKQzUv `vuZ †_‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K m‡i c‡o|

wPwKrmvt

cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨e¯ v wn‡m‡e `vu‡Zi mwVK hZœ †bqvB n‡jv i¶v cvIqvi Dcvq| Avi hw`

mgm¨v n‡q wM‡qB _v‡K Zvn‡j f‡qi wKQz †bB, AwfÁ †Ww›U‡÷i kiYvcbœ ‡nvb Ges

fv‡jvg‡Zv †¯‥wjs Kivb| e¨m, PURjw` mgvavb|

gvwpi †ivM wKQz bZzb Ges ¸i Z¡c~Y© Z_¨t

14

wKQz M‡elYvq cvIqv †M‡Q, gvwpi cÖ`vn _vK‡j ü`‡iv‡Mi Ges †eªBb †÷ªv‡Ki mgm¨v

nIqvi Avk¼v †e‡o hvq, KviY gy‡Li RxevYy Avµvš— RvqMvq Lye †ewk cwigvY e¨vK‡Uwiqv

cvIqv hvq| †hfv‡e GB gvwpi cÖ`vn evo‡Z _v‡K mv‡_ mv‡_ ü`‡iv‡Mi Ges †eªBb †÷ªv‡Ki

mgm¨v nIqvi Avk¼v †e‡o hvq|

Wvqv‡ewUm †ivMx‡ì †¶‡Î †`Lv hvq gvwpi cÖ`vn mgm¨vq f~M‡Z| ZvB Gme †ivMxi

we‡klfv‡e gvwpi ¯^v‡¯ ï †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|

Mfv©e¯ vq Mf©eZx gv‡q‡ì gvwpi cÖ`vn n‡q _v‡K| G †¶‡ÎI we‡klfv‡e gvwpi

¯^v‡¯ ï †Lqvj ivLv DwPZ| M‡elYvq G-I cvIqv †M‡Q †h Mfv©e¯ vq hv‡ì gvwpi cÖ`vn †ewk

nq, Zv‡ì AcwicK¡ mš—vb cÖm‡ei Avk¼v †e‡o hvq|

15

wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i Ges gv‡S gv‡S Lye mgm¨vI Ki‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ 8-10 w`‡bi

g‡a¨ wb‡R wb‡RB fv‡jv n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| hw` `yB mßv‡ni †ewk mgq mgm¨v K‡i Zvn‡j wPš—

vi welq| ZLb Aek¨B AwfÁ †Ww›U‡÷i kiYvcbœ nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| mvaviYZ †hme ai‡bi

gy‡Li Nv n‡Z cv‡i Zvi g‡a¨ K¨v¼vi †mvi, Ri †Vvmv, †Kvì †mvi, gy‡Li Avjmvi Ges gy‡Li

Qvj IVv cÖavb|

wPwKrmvt nvB‡Wªv‡Rb- cvi A·vBW Zij e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i (‡Ww›U‡÷i civgk©

Abyhvqx)

RxevYybvkK gvD_Iqvk

w`‡q KzjKwP Kiv †h‡Z

cv‡i

e¨_vbvkK gjg †`qv

†h‡Z cv‡i

Svj Ges gmjvRvZxq

Lvevi cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e

A¤-RvZxq Zij I Lvevi

cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e|

eidKzwP †`qv †`‡Z

cv‡i|

16

Avcbvi my›ì, SKS‡K `vuZ, Abvwej nvwm nVvr K‡i †`L‡Qb `vu‡Zi iO †Kgb Rvwb n‡q

hv‡Q| †`L‡Z LvivcI jvM‡Q, Avevi A‡bK †¶‡Î nvm‡ZI j¾v jvM‡Q| †Kb?

A‡bK¸‡jv Kvi‡Y `vu‡Zi iO cwieZ©b nq †hgb-

wkï Mf©ve¯ vq hw` gv †UUªvmvBwK¬b RvZxq Ilya †meb K‡ib, Zvn‡j †mB wkïi

`vuZ¸‡jv ev`vwg wKsev wKQzUv njy`vf _v‡K|

`vu‡Zi mwVK hZœ bv wb‡j| GB †hgb wbqwgZ wVKg‡Zv eªvm bv Kiv|

`vu‡Zi i U K¨v‡bj wPwKrmvi ci, `vu‡Zi evB‡ii Avei‡Yi iO cwieZ©b nq|

`vu‡Zi AvNvZ †c‡j d‡j ax‡i ax‡i `š—g¾vq Bb‡dKkb n‡Z cv‡i, Zv c‡i `vu‡Zi iO

cwieZ©b K‡i †d‡j|

‡ewk †ewk cvb, mycvwi, R`v©, ¸j mv`vcvZv †L‡j|

aygcv‡b welcvb- Zvi c‡iI a~gcvb Ki‡j|

cÖwZ‡ivat mgm¨v KviY Abyhvqx wKQz cÖwZ‡iva eë¯ v †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- Mf©ve¯ vq

†hme Ilya `vu‡Zi wKsev wkïi ¯^v‡¯ ï Rb¨ ¶wZKi Zv †meb bv Kiv| `vu‡Zi hZœ mwVKfv‡e

†bqv| fv‡jv Uz_‡có Ges Uy_eªvk w`‡q Aš—Z w`‡b `yÕevi, iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi Av‡M Ges mKv‡j

bvkZv LIqvi ci eªvk Kiv| wmMv‡iU, cvb, mycvwi, R`v© BZ¨vw` `vuZ I gy‡Li Rb¨ ¶wZKi

e¯‧ MÖnY bv Kiv|

n‡qB †M‡Q, Kx Ki‡ebt

`vu‡Zi iO, wmMv‡iU wKsev cvb ev Ab¨vb¨ e¯‧ MÖn‡Yi d‡j is cwieZ©b n‡q _vK‡j

GKRb AwfÁ †Ww›U÷ †¯‥wjs Ges cwjwks K‡i `vuZ¸‡jv cybivq SKS‡K K‡i †`b|

`vuZ mv`v Kiv hvq Ggb we‡kl Uz_‡có cvIqv hvq, Zv eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

17

‡UUªvmvBwK¬b IlyaRwbZ Kvi‡Y `vu‡Zi iO cwieZ©b n‡q _vK‡j, `vu‡Z wfwbqvi wKsev

µvDb K‡i my›ì SKS‡K Kiv hvq|

`š—g¾v bó nIqv `vuZ, hv c‡i i U K¨v‡bj Kiv n‡q‡Q wKsev AvNvZRwbZ Kvi‡Y `š—

g¾v bó n‡q‡Q, c‡i i U K¨v‡bj Kiv n‡q‡Q wKsev fv‡jv `vuZ Zey eY© ev`vwg - †mme

†¶‡Î Uz_ wewPs‡qi gva¨‡g `vuZ SKS‡K dKd‡K mv`v Kiv hvq| Uz_ wewPs wewfbœ

Dcv‡q Kiv hvq Ges GwU ¶wZKviK bq| Avcwb Aek¨B AwfÁ †Ww›U‡÷i gva¨‡g

mwVK mgvavb cv‡eb, ZvB †`wi †Kb!

Avcbvi my›ì SKS‡K nvwm‡Z gy³v Si K GB Avgv‡ì Kvgbv|

18

Aë‡mm- hv‡K Avgiv mvaviY fvlvq †dvov ej‡Z cvwi| Avgv‡ì A‡b‡Ki aviYv

‡dvov ïay Z¡‡Ki IciB n‡q _v‡K| Avm‡j wK ZvB? †dvov gvbe‡`‡ni Af¨š—ixY

Rxebi¶vKvix †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv A‡½ GgbwK `vu‡ZI n‡Z cv‡i| ï‡b wbðqB AvuZ‡K DV‡jb,

`vu‡Z †dvov| Zv Kx K‡i m¤¢e? Dental abscess nq g~jZ `vu‡Zi Avkcv‡ki big wUmy¨‡Z

ev gvwp‡Z| `x©N©w`b `vuZ, gvwp A_v©r gyLMnŸi Acwi¯‥vi ivL‡j ev mwVK wbq‡g cwi¯‥vi bv

Ki‡j ùv‡Z K¨vwiR n‡j mgqg‡Zv Zvi wPwKrmv bv Ki‡j, †ivMxi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv Kg

_vK‡j †W›Uvj A¨ve‡mm n‡Z cv‡i|

A¨ve‡mm n‡j †ivMx cÖPÊ e¨_v Abyfe Ki‡e, gvwp‡Z n‡j gvwp dz‡j hv‡e, wKQz †¶‡Î

cyuR †ei n‡e, d‡j gy‡L wZ³ ¯^v` Abyf~Z n‡e Ges `yN©Ü m„wó n‡e, R¡iI Avm‡Z cv‡i,

A¨ve‡m‡mi Kvi‡Y ùvZ A‡bK mgq b‡o †h‡Z cv‡i|

A¨ve‡mm n‡j Ae‡njv bv K‡I hZ `ª Z m¤¢e AwfÁ `š— wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© MÖnY

Kiv DwPZ, wPwKrmK cÖ‡qvRbxq cix¶v K‡i eë¯ v MÖnY Ki‡eb|

mgqg‡Zv A¨ve‡m‡mi wPwKrmv bv Ki‡j Zv nv‡o Qwo‡q co‡Z cv‡i, n‡Z cv‡i

†mjyjvBU‡mi g‡Zv RwUj mgm¨v| Avcwb wK †R‡bï‡b Avcbvi mgm¨v‡K RwUj Ki‡Z Pvb?

m‡PZb †nvb| m‡PZbZvB cvi m¤¢ve¨ wec` †_‡K Avcbv‡K i¶v Ki‡Z|

19

ùv‡Zi A‡bK¸‡jv mgm¨v Av‡Q, hvi ìƒY ùv‡Z cÖPÊ e¨_v n‡Z cv‡i| ZLb A‡b‡KB

GB e¨_v †_‡K cwiÎvY cvIqvi Rb¨ `š—wPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q G‡m cÖ_‡gB e‡j _v‡Kb, ÔWv³vi

mv‡ne, ùv‡Zi e¨_v Avi mn¨ nq bv, ZvovZvwo Zz‡j †d‡jbÕ| ùvZ †d‡j †`qvi †P‡q

msi¶Y KivB nj Avmj wPwKrmv| KL‡bv KL‡bv ùv‡Zi Ae¯ v Ggb _v‡K, ZLb bv †dj‡jB

bq| mvaviYZ †hme mgm¨vq ùv‡Z e¨_v n‡Z cv‡i wKsev ùvZ bv †d‡j DbœZ wPwKrmvi

gva¨‡g msi¶Y Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, †m¸‡jv n‡jv-

‡W›Uvj K¨vwiR ev `Û¶q, mv‡_ `š—g¾v RwoZ

Zxeª e¨_v `š—¶‡qi ìƒY

`š—g¾v cÖ`vn

`š—g¾v c‡P †M‡j

ùv‡Zi †Mvovq Bb‡dKkb

AvNvZ †c‡q ùv‡Zi iO cwieZ©b

ùvZ †f‡O †M‡Q, mv‡_ `š—g¾v RwoZ Gme mgm¨vi PURjw` mgvavb n‡jv i U

K¨v‡bj wPwKrmv

Kx GUv ?

`š—g¾vq cÖ`vn n‡q c‡P hvIqv ùvZwU‡K bv Zz‡j we‡kl h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ ùv‡Zi bó

n‡q hvIqv g¾v cy‡ivcywi †ei K‡i, A¨vw›U‡mcwUK mwjDkb w`‡q ¶wZMÖ¯— AÂj cwi¯‥vi

K‡i, ùv‡Zi g¾vq m„ó ¶Z‡K ïwK‡q wiwgs Ges dvBwjs K‡i RxeY~bvkK &Ilya hy³ `y-wZbwU

†Wªwms i U K¨v‡b‡j †`vqvi ci we‡kl Dcv`vb w`‡q K¨v‡bj f‡i †`qv nq| Zvici ùv‡Zi

µvD‡b ¯ vqx n‡jv i U K¨v‡bj wPwKrmv|

wPwKrmv c×wZt

mgm¨vq RR©wiZ ùv‡Zi cÖ‡qvRbxq G·-‡i Ki‡Z n‡e|

20

A¨vw›U‡mcwUK w`‡q ùv‡Zi Avkcvk h_vm¤¢e RxevYygy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|

`š—g¾v RxweZ n‡j ùvZ‡K Aek K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

ùv‡Zi µvDb †K‡U i U K¨v‡b‡j hvIqvi cÖ‡ekc_ †ei K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

me `š—g¾v †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|

i ‡Ui (ùv‡Zi †Mvov) •`N©©¨ Abyhvqx i U K¨v‡b‡j wiwgs dvBwjs Ki‡Z n‡e Ges mv‡_

Bwi‡Mkb mwjDkb w`‡q K¨v‡bj cwi¯‥vi Ki‡Z n‡e|

Gfv‡e i U K¨v‡b‡j †gwWK¨v‡g›U w`‡q `yÕwU †Wªwms w`‡Z n‡e (mvaviYZ `yB w`b Aš—

t)

Gici gv÷vi †Kvb w`‡q G·-‡i †`L‡Z n‡e i U K¨v‡bj fivU Kivi Dc‡hvMx wK

bv|

me wKQz wVK _vK‡j i U K¨v‡bj wmj K‡i ùv‡Zi µvDb As‡k ¯ vqx wdwjs Kiv|

IB ùv‡Zi Ici K…wÎg gyKzU cwi‡q w`‡j ùv‡Zi ¯ vqxKvj A‡bK †e‡o hvq|

21

bvgwUi mv‡_ Avgiv mevB cwiwPZ|

mvaviYZ 17-25 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Avgv‡ì gy‡L

Av‡°j ùvZ D‡V _v‡K Av‡°j ùvZ DV‡e

A_P Avcwb †Ui cv‡eb bv, Ggb gvbyl

†evanq KgB cvIqv hv‡e| Av‡°j ùvZ IVvi

mgq me‡P‡q †ewk †h mgm¨vq †ivMxiv fy‡M

_v‡Kb Zv n‡jv †cwiK‡ivbvBwUm, hv‡K mnR

fvlvq ejv hvq ùv‡Zi Pvi cv‡ki gvwo‡Z

Bb‡dKkb| ùvZ hw` cy‡ivcywi ev AvswkK

gvwp †f` K‡i †ei n‡q Avm‡Z bv cv‡i ZLb

IB ¯ v‡b Lv`¨`ªe¨ Rgv n‡q ev wecixZ †Pvqv‡ji †Kv‡bv ùv‡Zi Kvgo c‡o IB ¯ v‡b

Bb‡dKkb n‡q †cwiK‡ivbvBwUm nq| Gme †¶‡Î †h gvwp w`‡q ùvZwU Ave„Z Av‡Q (G‡K

AcviKzjvg e‡j) †mLv‡b cÖPÊ e¨_v nq, RvqMvwU jvj n‡q hvq, gyL nuv Ki‡Z mgm¨v, Lvevi

†L‡Z mgm¨v, R¡i, Mv e¨_v, A¯^w¯—Ki Abyf~wZ n‡Z cv‡i| Gme mgm¨v wb‡q †ivMx hLb `š—

wPwKrm‡Ki kiYvcbœ nb wPwKrmK Zv‡K cix¶v K‡i GKwU G·-‡i Ki‡Z †`‡eb| G·-‡i

†`‡L wPwKrmK cieZ©x KiYxq wVK Ki‡eb| hw` ùv‡Zi Ae¯ vb Ggb nq †h, ïay AcviKzjvg

†K‡U w`‡jB ùvZ cy‡ivcywi P‡j Avm‡e, Z‡e AcviKz‡jKUwg Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` ùvZ nv‡oi

†fZ‡iI _v‡K Z‡e †m †¶‡Î kj¨wPwKrmvi gva¨‡g ùvZ †d‡j w`‡Z n‡e| A‡bK mgq ùvZ

nv‡oi †fZi Ggb Ae¯ v‡b _v‡K hv cv‡ki ùvZ‡K µgvMZ av°v w`‡Z _v‡K-gvwp ev nvo

†f` K‡i P‡j Avmvi Rb¨ ZLb cv‡ki ùvZ‡K ¶wZi nvZ †_‡K euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ ùvZwU Zz‡j

†djvB DËg| Avi jyKvBZ Av‡°j ùvZ hw` †Kv‡bv mgm¨v bv K‡i _v‡K Z‡e Zv bv †dj‡jI

P‡j|

A‡bK gvbylB †Ww›U‡÷i Kv‡Q †h‡Z Pvb bv wKsev hvIqv wb‡q wPwš—Z A_ev bvf©vm|

Gi d‡j cieZx©Kv‡j A‡bK eo ai‡bi mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z cv‡ib Avcwb| ùvZ I gvwpi

22

eo ai‡bi Bb‡dKkb wKsev gyL nuv Ki‡Z bv cviv, wVKg‡Zv Lv`¨`ªe¨ Pvev‡Z bv cviv,

GgbwK gy‡Li `yM©Ü, d‡j wb‡Ri Kbwd‡WÝI nviv‡Z cv‡ib|

cÖ_‡g wPš—v K‡i †ei Ki b †h Avcwb ùv‡Zi wPwKrmv wKsev ‡Ww›U‡÷i Kv‡Q †h‡Z

†Kb fq cv‡Qb ?

Av‡Mi †Kv‡bv AwfÁZv ev Kv‡iv Kv‡Q ï‡b‡Qb †h †Ww›U÷ Lye †ewk e¨_v w`‡q ùv‡Zi

wPwKrmv K‡ib|

‡W›Uvj wK¬wb‡Ki wekvj wekvj hš¿cvwZ Ges GK ai‡bi Ily‡ai MÜ|

A‡b¶Y gyL nuv Ki‡Z n‡e, K_v ej‡Z cvi‡Qb bv|

Avcbvi ùvZ I gvwpi GZB †envj Ae¯ v †h ,†`Lv‡j AbïvI j¾v cv‡e|

fxwZ hw` fv‡jv ùvZ Zz‡j †d‡j

G ai‡bi mgm¨v †iv‡ai Dcvq

Avcbvi fqfxwZi KviYmg~n †Ww›U÷‡K ejyb| Z`ª c †Ww›U÷ †Póv Ki‡eb wKfv‡e

Avcbvi bvf©vm‡bm `yi Kiv hvq|

Avcbvi †Ww›Um‡K wRÁvmv Ki b, Dwb Kx Ki‡Z hv‡Qb, Gici Kx Ki‡eb, dz‡j

e¨_v n‡e wK bv ? cÖkœ Ki b, DËi ïbyb Ges fq‡K Rvbvjv w`‡q evB‡i †djyb|

Avcbvi †W›Uvj †PKAvc ev wPwKrmv Ggb mgq Kivb, hLb Avcwb †Kvb cÖKvi Pvc ev

wPš—vMÖ¯ — bb|

hw` †W›Uvj hš¿cvwZ ev wWª‡ji kã Avcbv‡K wei³ K‡i ev Avcwb fq cvb Zvn‡j

†Ww›U÷‡K ejyb| hw` wgDwR‡Ki eë¯ v _v‡K Zvn‡j Mvb ïbyb Avcbvi fv‡jv

jvM‡e|

Avcwb nvZ DuPz K‡i wmMb¨vj w`‡Z cv‡ib Avcbvi †Ww›U÷‡K, hLb Dwb Avcbvi gy‡L

KvR Ki‡Qb Zvn‡j †Ww›U÷ KvR _vgv‡eb, Avcwb Avcbvi mgm¨v Zz‡j ai‡Z

cvi‡eb|

GK`g fvebvnxb, wijv· gy‡W †W›Uvj †Pqv‡i emyb, j¤^v wbtk¦vm wbb Ges wbwðš— g‡b

wb‡Ri wcÖq †Kvb Kv‡Ri K_v wPš—v Ki b, †`L‡eb Lye fv‡jv jvM‡e|

24

mvaviYZ cÖwZw`b eªvk Kiv, d¬k Kiv, wbw`©ó mgq Aš—i †W›Uvj †PKAvc Kiv‡bv Ges

my¯^v¯ ¨Ki Lv`¨f¨vmB n‡jv ùv‡Zi h‡Zœi g~jgš¿|

†Kb GwU Ri wi ?

`š—¶q ev †W›Uvj K¨vwiR †_‡K euvP‡Z n‡j

gvwp Ges ùv‡Zi Avkcv‡ki big wUmyï †ivMgyw³i Rb¨

‡Ww›U‡÷i Kv‡Q Aí mgq _vKvi Rb¨ UvKv euvPv‡bvi Rb¨-

†Kbbv ùv‡Zi wPwKrmv e¨qeûj

gy‡Li `yM©Ü cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z

my›ì SKS‡K mv`v ùvZ Ges my›ì nvwmi Rb¨

mviv Rxeb me¸‡jv my›ì ùvZ my›ì nvwmi Rb¨

mviv Rxeb me¸‡jv my›ì ùvZ Avcbvi gy‡L ivL‡Z PvB‡j

ùv‡Zi mgm¨v †_‡K gyw³ cvIqvi Dcvqt

ùvZ Ges gvwpi ¯^v¯ ¨ fv‡jv ivL‡Z cÖwZwbqZ ùvZ eªvk, d¬m Ges cywóKi Lvevi LvIqv

Ri wi|

ùvZ eªvk Ki b w`‡b ỳÕevi| iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi Av‡M Ges mKv‡j bvkZv LvIqvq ci|

d¬m Ki b Aš—Z w`‡b GKevi, Nygv‡bvi Av‡M| Gi d‡j ùv‡Z c¨vK n‡e bv-ùvZ I

gvwpi †Kv‡bv ¶wZ n‡e bv|

Ggb Uz_‡c÷ eënvi Ki b hvi g‡a¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq me ai‡bi Dcv`vb we`¨gvb|

we‡klfv‡e †d¬vivBW hv `š—¶q †iva K‡i| AwZ gvÎvq wPwb cvK e„w×‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

wewo, wmMv‡iU, ZvgvK, mv`vcvZv, R`©v, mycvwi, cvb, ¸j Z¨vM Ki b| d‡j UvKvI

euvP‡e Ges gvivZœK e¨vwa, gy‡Li K¨vÝvi †_‡K i¶v cv‡eb|

25

`uvZ I gvwpi mv‡_ mv‡_ wRnŸvI cwi®‥vi Kivi Af¨vm Ki b& A‡bK fv‡jv Uz_eªvk

Av‡Q hvi D‡ëv cvk w`‡q wRnŸvI cwi®‥vi Kiv hvq| Gi d‡j gy‡L `yM©Ü n‡e bv|

wbw`©ó mgq Aš—i AwfÁ †Ww›U‡÷i gva¨‡g †W›Uvj †PKAvc Kivb|

my›`i, my¯^v¯ ¨Ki, fvebvnxb Rxebhvcb Ki b|

26

mvaviYZ cÖwZw`b eªvk

Kiv, d¬k Kiv, wbw`©ó mgq Aš—i †W›Uvj †PKAvc Kiv‡bv Ges my¯^v¯ ¨Ki Lv`¨f¨vmB n‡jv

ùv‡Zi h‡Zœi g~jgš¿| †Kb Ri wi ?

`š—¶q ev †W›Uvj K¨vwiR

†_‡K euvP‡Z n‡j

gvwp Ges ùv‡Zi Avkcv‡ki

big wUmyï †ivMgyw³i Rb¨

‡Ww›U‡÷i Kv‡Q Aí mgq

_vKvi Rb¨ UvKv euvPv‡bvi

Rb¨- †Kbbv ùv‡Zi wPwKrmv

e¨qeûj

gy‡Li `yM©Ü cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z

my›ì SKS‡K mv`v ùvZ Ges

my›ì nvwmi Rb¨

mviv Rxeb me¸‡jv my›ì ùvZ my›ì nvwmi Rb¨

mviv Rxeb me¸‡jv my›ì ùvZ Avcbvi gy‡L ivL‡Z PvB‡j

27

ùv‡Zi mgm¨v †_‡K gyw³ cvIqvi Dcvqt

ùvZ Ges gvwpi ¯^v¯ ¨ fv‡jv ivL‡Z cÖwZwbqZ ùvZ eªvk, d¬m Ges cywóKi Lvevi LvIqv

Ri wi|

ùvZ eªvk Ki b w`‡b ỳÕevi| iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi Av‡M Ges mKv‡j bvkZv LvIqvq ci|

d¬m Ki b Aš—Z w`‡b GKevi, Nygv‡bvi Av‡M| Gi d‡j ùv‡Z c¨vK n‡e bv-ùvZ I

gvwpi †Kv‡bv ¶wZ n‡e bv|

Ggb Uz_‡c÷ eënvi Ki b hvi g‡a¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq me ai‡bi Dcv`vb we`¨gvb|

we‡klfv‡e †d¬vivBW hv `š—¶q †iva K‡i| AwZ gvÎvq wPwb cvK e„w×‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

wewo, wmMv‡iU, ZvgvK, mv`vcvZv, R`©v, mycvwi, cvb, ¸j Z¨vM Ki b| d‡j UvKvI

euvP‡e Ges gvivZœK e¨vwa, gy‡Li K¨vÝvi †_‡K i¶v cv‡eb|

ùvZ I gvwpi mv‡_ mv‡_ wRnŸvI cwi®‥vi Kivi Af¨vm Ki b& A‡bK fv‡jv Uz_eªvk

Av‡Q hvi D‡ëv cvk w`‡q wRnŸvI cwi®‥vi Kiv hvq| Gi d‡j gy‡L `yM©Ü n‡e bv|

wbw`©ó mgq Aš—i AwfÁ †Ww›U‡÷i gva¨‡g †W›Uvj †PKAvc Kivb|

my›ì, my¯^v¯ ¨Ki, fvebvnxb Rxebhvcb Ki b|

28

Iivj K¨vÝvi: gvivZ¥K GKwU mgm¨v| hvi ìÒb †ivMx g„ZzëiY Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU n‡Z

cv‡i gy‡L, †Vvu‡U, Mjvq I Mv‡j| hwÌ mgm¨vwU ‡_‡K †ivMgyw³ m¤¢e| ZvB Ae‡njv Kiv

hv‡e bv, KviY Gi cwiYv‡g g„Zz¨ I n‡Z cv‡i|

Iivj K¨vÝvi ‡Kb nq ?

Iivj K¨vÝv‡ii ‡KvbI mwVK KviY AvRI

Rvbv hvqwb| wKš‧ ‡ek wKQy Kvib Rvb‡Z cviv

‡M‡Q hvi Kvi‡b Iivj KvÝvi nIqvi m¤¢vebv

‡ekx| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nj-

* wewo, wmMv‡iU, cvb, cvbgkjv, ZvgvK, R`©v

BZ¨vw` LvIqv;

* g`¨cvb Kiv;

* cywói Afve I i³víZv (Gwbwgqv);

* Ôwmwdwj‡mÕ AvµvšÍ ‡ivMxi wR‡fi Nv;

* fvBivm NwUZ Bb‡dKkb; Zx¶&Y, fvOv `vu‡Zi Nlv ev ev‡R fv‡e evuav‡bv `vu‡Zi Nlv ‡_‡K

nIqv Nv;

* wkí`~lY- ‡hgb welv³ Kv‡jv ‡avuqv, ivmvqwbK ev®ú BZ¨vw`;

* AZ¨waK m~‡h©i Av‡jv (‡k¦Zv½‡ì ‡¶‡Î) gy‡Li wewfbœ As‡k, ‡hgb- gvwo, wRf, Zvjy,

Mvj, ‡VvuU GgbwK ‡Pvqv‡ji nv‡oi g‡aÏ K¨vÝvi NUv‡Z cv‡i|

j¶b mgynt

mvaviYfv‡e Iivj K¨vÝv‡ii ïiæ‡Z ‡KvbIiKg DcmM© _v‡K bv| c‡i ‡ivM evovi m‡½ m‡½

bvbviKg DcmM© ‡`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| ‡hgb- gy‡Li g‡a¨ A¯^w¯Í, hš¿Yv, AZ¨waK jvjv ‡e‡iv‡bv,

gy‡Li g‡a¨ ‡Kv_vI dy‡V IVv, Nv nIqv ev Nv ‡_‡K i³¶iY nIqv, gyL Lyj‡Z Kó nIqv,

29

gy‡Li g‡a¨ wek«x MÜ nIqv, ‡Pvqvj dy‡j hvIqv I ‡m RvqMvi `vuZ¸‡jv boe‡o n‡q hvIqv

BZ¨vw`|

gy‡Li K¨vÝv‡ii ‡ivMx Avqbvi mvg‡b `vuwo‡q wb‡Ri gy‡Li ‡fZiUv cix¶v Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

gy‡Li K¨vÝvi mvaviYZ mv`v‡U Nv ‡_‡K (hv‡K N‡l Zy‡j ‡djv hvq bv), jvj‡P Nv, dyjKwci

g‡Zv ‡`L‡Z Nv A_ev gy‡Li g‡a¨ ‡KvbI ¯ v‡b gvsme…w× (hv ‡e‡oB Pj‡Q Ges mvaviY

wPwKrmvq ‡KvbI Dckg n‡Q bv) wn‡m‡e ‡`Lv ‡`q| ZvB ïiæ‡ZB gy‡Li K¨vÝv‡ii ‡¶‡Î

‡ivMwbY©q AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| gy‡Li K¨vÝv‡ii ev‡qvcwm K‡i ‡ivM wbY©q Kiv nq| ïiæ‡ZB hw`

gy‡Li K¨vÝvi aiv c‡o Zvn‡j IB ‡ivM cy‡ivcywi mvwi‡q ‡Zvjv m¤¢e| Zvici mvaviYfv‡e

Acv‡ikb, ‡K‡gv‡_ivwc ev ‡iwWI‡_ivwci gva¨‡g wPwKZmv Kiv nq| kix‡ii Ab¨vb¨ As‡ki

K¨vÝv‡ii Zyjbvq gy‡Li K¨vÝv‡ii GKwU j¶Yxq w`K Av‡Q| mvaviYfv‡e K¨vÝvi nIqvi

Av‡M gy‡Li g‡a¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi K¨vÝvi c~e©eZ©x DcmM© n‡q _v‡K| ‡hgb-

mv`v‡U ev jvj‡P mv`v‡U Nv, hv‡K N‡l ‡Zvjv hvq bv, hvuiv wewo wmMv‡iU, cvb, ZvgvK,

cvbgkjv, ‣Lwb BZ¨vw` ‡meb K‡ib Zvu‡ì g‡a¨ wjD‡KvcøvwKqv nIqvi c«eYZv ‡ewk _v‡K|

ZvQvov wjD‡KvcøvwKqvi Dc‡i QÎvK NwUZ msµgY n‡j K¨vÝvi nIqvi c«eYZv AviI ‡e‡o

hvq|

Avevi KL‡bv D¾¡j jvj‡P ‡fj‡fU ai‡bi Nv| GB Nv ‡_‡K K¨vÝvi nIqvi c«eYZv LyeB

‡ewk|

Avevi KL‡bv gy‡Li wfZ‡ii big Pvgov mv`v‡U n‡q ax‡i ax‡i k³ n‡q hvq Ges gy‡Li nvu

µgk ‡QvU n‡q Av‡m| GgbwK gy‡Li nvu mvivRxe‡bi g‡Zv eÜ n‡q ‡h‡Z cv‡i| G Qvov

iæwMi c‡¶ gy‡Li AZ¨waK R¡vjvi Rb¨ fxlY ‡L‡Z Kó nq| hvuiv mycvwi, ‡g․wi, cvbgkjv

BZ¨vw` ‡me‡b K‡ib Zvu‡ì GB ‡ivM nIqvi c«eYZv ‡ewk|

c«wZ‡iva :

gy‡Li K¨vÝvi ‡_‡K wb‡R‡K evuPv‡Z n‡j wbgœwjwLZ welq¸wj ‡R‡b ivLv DwPZ|

* gy‡Li ¯^v‡¯ ï w`‡K we‡kl bRi ‡Ìqv I wbqwgZ wPwKrmvi gva¨‡g ‡W›Uvj / Iivj ‡nj_

wVK ivLv|

* cvb, ZvgvK, wewo, wmMv‡iU, ‣Lwb ¸ovKy, cvbgkjv BZ¨vwì Af¨vm Z¨vM Kiv|

31

gvbe‡`‡ni ¸i Z¡c~Y© A½-cÖZ¨‡½i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡Q `vuZ| wKš‧ `vu‡Zi wewfbœ mgm¨v

Avgiv †R‡bB †nvK ev bv †R‡b‡B †nvK Ae‡njv K‡i _vwK| d‡j †`Lv †`q wewfbœ iKg

mgm¨v| A‡bK mgqB †`Lv hvq wkïi `ya `vuZ mwVK mg‡q ci‡Qbv ¯ vqx `vuZ mwVK mg‡q

DV‡Q bv| ev †Kvb †Kvb `vuZ Rb¥MZfv‡e Abycw¯ Z| Gi d‡j wkïi `vuZ AvuKv evuKv, DuPz

bxPz nevi m¤¢vebv †e‡o hvq| hw` Avgiv wewfbœ `vuZ IVv Ges covi eqmmxgv Rvwb Z‡e

Avgiv wkï‡`i `vuZ IVv I covi welqwU j¶ ivL‡Z cvie Ges A¯^vfvweK †Kvb wKQy g‡b

n‡j, GKRb AwfÁ `š— wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© MÖnY fwel¨‡Z wkïi AvuKv evKv `vuZ nIqv

cÖwZ‡iva Kivi †Póv Ki‡Z cvi‡ev|

gvby‡li gy‡L `yB ai‡Yi `vuZ _v‡K| GKwU n‡jv `ya `vuZ, AciwU ¯ vqx `vuZ| `ya

`vu‡Zi msL¨v 20 wU| `ya `vuZ ¸‡jv c‡i †m me RvqMvq ¯ vqx `vuZ D‡V| ¯ vqx `vu‡Zi msL¨v

32wU| wKQy wKQy `vuZ Aek¨ mivmwi ¯ vqx `vuZ wn‡m‡eB I‡V, G‡`i †Kvb `ya `vuZ _v‡K bv|

wkïi R‡b¥i 5-6 gvm eqm n‡Z `ya `vuZ DVv ïi  nq Ges AvovB †_‡K wZb eQ‡ii

g‡a¨ me `ya `vuZ DVv †kl n‡q hvq| GB `ya `vuZ ¸‡jv 5-6 eQi eq‡mi ci co‡Z ïi 

K‡i Ges 12-13 eQi eq‡mi g‡a¨ cov †kl n‡q hvq Ges ¯ vqx `vuZDV‡Z _v‡K| Dc‡iv³

eqmmxgvi gv‡S wkïi `vu‡Zi mwVK hZœ I i¶Yv‡e¶Y Ki‡Z cvi‡j fwel¨‡Z `vu‡Zi A‡bK

mgm¨v †_‡KB cwiÎvY cvIqv m¤¢e|

32

Avgv‡`i gy‡Li cÖwZwU `vu‡ZiB Avjv`v Avjv`v bvg Av‡Q| cÖwZwU `vu‡Zi bvg Ges

Zv‡`i msL¨v bx‡Pi Qwei gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡jvt

33

¯ vqx `v‡Zi bvg I IVvi mgqmxgv

`ya `vu‡Zi bvg, IVv I c‡o hvIqvi mgqmxgv

Dc‡iv³ Qwe¸‡jvi w`‡K GKUz g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q ZvKvb Ges †Lqvj Ki b Avcbvi

Av`‡ii †mvbvgwbi `vuZ¸‡jv mwVK mg‡q co‡Q ev DV‡Q wKbv| hw` †Kvb A¯^vfvweKZv

†Lqvj K‡ib Z‡e AwfÁ `š— wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© MÖnY Ki b|

34

†h †Kvb cÖ‡qvRbxq Kvib ekZ Avcbvi `Ûwe‡klÁ hw` Avcbvi †Kvb ùvZ Zz‡j

_v‡Kb Zvn‡j wKQz AZxe Ri ix Kibxq Ges Kiv wb‡la ZvwjKv Av‡Q, hv †g‡b Pj‡j

cieZx‡Z© †Kvb mgm¨v nq bv| Aek¨B Avcbvi †Ww›U÷ †mB ZvwjKv m¤ú‡K© Avcbv‡K

Rvbv‡eb| ZviciI mevi myweav‡_© GB cÖ‡qvRbxq ZvwjKv Zz‡j aiv n‡jvt-

Kibxqt-

1| `uvZ †Zvjv †kl, Avcwb †W›Uvj †P¤^vi †_‡K †ei n‡Qb MR Gi †ivj G KvgooZ

Ae¯ vq Kvgo Aek¨B 30 wgwbwU w`‡q ivL‡eb|

2| cÖ‡qvRb n‡j 30 wgwbU ci MR cwieZ©b K‡i cieZx© 30 wgwbU Kvgo w`‡Z n‡Z

cv‡i Z‡e Zv mveavbZvi mwnZ|

3| M‡Ri Dci Kvg‡oi Pvc _vK‡Z n‡e| hw` 1 NÈvi ci i³ civ eÜ bv nq Zvn‡j

`š—we‡kl‡Ái civgk© wbb|

4| evwni n‡Z ei‡di c¨vK Gi Pvc †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i d‡j †dvjv K‡g hvq| `xN© mgq

eid c¨vK w`‡eb bv w`‡j ‡d«v÷evBU n‡Z cv‡i|

5| ‡Kvb Ae¯ v‡ZB Mig m¨vK w`‡eb bv| w`‡j †dvjv evo‡e|

6| mvavibZ Aí i³cvZ n‡Z cv‡i hv 2-1 w`b ci wVK n‡q hvq hw` Gi iKg i³cvZ

eÜ Ki‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j mvnR Dcvq n‡jv 1wU wU (Pv) e¨vM wfRvb Zvici cvwb †P‡c

K‡i w`b Zvici ¶Z RvqMvq wU e¨vMwU †i‡L 20 wgwbU Kvgo w`‡q a‡i ivLyb| wU

e¨vM G we`¨gvb U¨wbK GwmW hv †QvU †QvU i³bvjx‡K msKzwPZ K‡i d‡j i³cvZ eÜ

nq|

7| `uvZ †Zvjvi ci nB‡Z 24 NÈv ch©š— Mig cvwb ev Zij Ges ga¨cvb †_‡K weiZ

_vKzb| Bnv i³cvZ evovq|

8| Zij Lvevi †ekx K‡i Lvb|

9| AvMvgx K‡qK †ejvi Lvevi big, cyw÷Ki Lvevi Lvb|

35

10| 24 NÈv ch©š— fvix KvR †_‡K weiZ _vKzb|

11| Aí wKQz A¯^w¯ — ev dz‡j hvIqv n‡Z cv‡i, hv cieZx©‡Z †m‡i hvq|

12| 24 NÈv ci †_‡K 1 Mvm nvjKv Mig cvwb‡Z (Kzmyg Mig) 1/2 Pv PvgP jeb w`‡q

w`‡b 3-4 evi KzjK~wP Kiv I cieZx© 7w`‡bi Rb¨|

13| Jla wb‡`©k gZ Lv‡eb| (Gw›Uev‡qvwUK, e¨v_vbvkK Ges Gw›U Avjmvi Jla)

14| hw` AvBmc¨vK eënvi Ki‡Z ejv nq Zvn‡j Aek¨B wb‡`©kgZ|

15| iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi mgq evwj‡ki Dci cyivZb †Zvqv‡j wewQ‡q Nygv‡Z cv‡ib hv‡Z K‡i

i‡³i `vM bv jv‡M|

16| 24-48 NÈv aygcvb †_‡K weiZ _vKzb| me‡P‡q fv‡jv nq KLbI bv Kiv| mswewae×

mZKx©Kib aygcvb ¯^¨v‡¯ i Rb¨ ¶wZKi|

17| cÖ_g wKQz w`b Lye †Rv‡o †Rv‡o KzjKzwP bv KivB fv‡jv|

18| cÖ_g wKQz w`b ÷ª ev cvBc w`‡q Zij bv LvIqvB fv‡jv|

19| ùvZ †Zvjvi cÖ_g 24 NÈv ¶Z¯ vb †LvPvLywP Kiv, RxnŸv w`‡q bvov-Pvov, evievi Kzwj

bv KivB DËg|

20| Pz‡l LvIqvi wRwbl †hgb: PK‡jU cÖ_g wKQzw`b bv LvIqvUvB fv‡jv|

21| cÖ_g wKQzw`b †Rv‡o _y_y bv †djvB fv‡jv| Avcwb fv‡jv _vKzb, my¯  _vKzb| gnvb

Avjvn Avgv‡ì mKj‡K my¯  ivLyb GUv Avgv‡ì cÖv_©bv|

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36

AvR QzwUi w`b| eveyi/ Avcbvi †mvbvgwbi cix¶v †kl| Avcwb Avcbvi ¯^vgx I

Avcbvi †mvbvgwb †M‡jb †eov‡Z| wK †h my›ì w`b| Pvwiw`‡K ïay wn‡gj evZvm Avi

Avb›`| Avcbvi †mvbvgwb †Lj‡Q Qz‡UvQzwU Ki‡Q, Avcbvi †Póv Ki‡Qb GKUv my›ì Qwe

Zzj‡Z Avi duv‡K duv‡K Avcbviv I Mí Ki‡Qb| nVvr K‡i †`L‡jb Avcbvi †mvbvgwb c‡o

wM‡q e¨_v †c‡q µ›`biZ| Avcbviv `yR‡bB ZLb AvZswKZ, Qz‡U †M‡jb eveyi Kv‡Q, wM‡q

†`L‡jb eveyi gy‡Li Ask †_‡K i³ ci‡Q Avi evey AbeiZ Kuv`‡Q, Zvi mv‡_ mv‡_ AvcwbI

gvbwmK fv‡e AvZswKZ, Kvbœvi ¯^‡i ej‡Qb I‡Mv evey wK n‡q‡Q, evey Kuv`‡Q, GB `„k¨ wKsev

GB †cÖ¶vcU LyeB KóKi| †e`bv`vqK Z‡e GB iKg mgm¨vq c‡o‡Qb A‡b‡KB| ZvB

Avcbv‡ì Rb¨ AZxe ¸i Z¡c~Y© civgk© n‡jv, Nvewi‡q hv‡eb bv, cwiw¯ wZ †gvKvwejv Ki b|

mvavibZ GB ai‡bi ùv‡Zi Ri ix mgm¨vq, gyL i³v³ n‡q _v‡K AwffveK Gi mv‡_

mv‡_ Avcbvi evey I Nvewi‡q hvq| Avmyb †R‡b †bB mvaivibZ wK ai‡bi mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i

Ges ZLb wK wK Kibxq| hw` AvNvZ gyL eivei jv‡M ZLb Avcbvi eveyi mvg‡bi ùvZ c‡o

†h‡Z cv‡e wKsev †f‡½ †h‡Z cv‡i| AvNvZ hw` Av‡iv †Rvov‡jv nq Zvn‡j †Pvqvj ch©š—

†f‡½ †h‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡ì A‡b‡KiB fyj avibv GB †h, `yua ùvZ ZZUv Ri ix bv c‡o

†M‡jI Avevi DV‡e| GB avibvi GKUz cwieZ©b Avbv cÖ‡qvRb| `yua ùvZ c‡o wM‡q ¯ vqx

ùvZ DV‡e Z‡e †mUv wbw`©ó mg‡qi Q‡K| Avi GB mgqKv‡j `ya ùv‡Zi ¸i Z¡ Acwimxg|

ùv‡Zi Ri ix mgm¨vq Avgv‡ì Kibxq t cÖ_gZ Avcbviv wb‡R‡ì kvš— ivLyb, Zvici

Avcbvi †mvbvgwb‡K kvš— Ki b|

hw` ùvZ c‡o wM‡q _v‡K t Zvn‡j, mveavbZvi mwnZ ùvZUv‡K cwi¯‥vi cvwb w`‡q †avZ

Ki b| Aek¨B †Lqvj ivL‡eb GB †h, ùv‡Zi †Mvovi Ask †Qvqv hv‡ebv| ùvZUv‡K GKwU

Mvm wKsev Kv‡c m¨vjvBb cvwb wKsev `ya Gi wfZi Wywe‡q ivLyb| hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e AfxÁ

`š— wPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q hvb| mgq LyeB ¸i Z¡ c~b© GB me‡¶‡Î hw` AvNvZ cvIqvi 1 NÈvi

g‡a¨ ùvZUv‡K cybivq Zvi RvqMvq mwVKfv‡e ewm‡q †`qv hvq Zvn‡j ZZUv RwUjZv nq bv|

37

ùv‡Zi Askwe‡kl †f‡½ †M‡jt fv‡jv K‡i j¶¨ Ki b Avcbvi †mvbvgwb e¨v_v Abyfe Ki‡Q

wKbv, ùvZ wkiwki wKsev ùvZ bo‡Q wKbv, hw` GgbUv nq Zvn‡j Ri ix wfwË‡Z `š—

we‡kl‡Ái Kv‡Q hvb|

cÖwZ‡iva g~jK eë¯ vt me‡P‡q fv‡jv nq ‡hwU Avcwb Avcbvi wkï‡K mKj cÖKvi wec`-

Avc` †_‡K i¶v Ki b, me©`v Zvi cÖwZ †Ljvj ivLyb hw` Avcbvi wkï dzUej, nwK, wµ‡KU

wKsev evm‡KU ej †Lj‡Q Zvn‡j Zv‡K gvD_ MvW© eënvi Kiv‡bvi †Uóv Ki b| Bnv ùvZ,

gvwo, †VvU Ges Mvj‡K AvNvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i|

wKQz mveavbZv t Avcbvi wkï nvuU‡Z wk‡L‡Q, dvwb©Pvi, Luv‡Ui †Kvbv, ‡Uwej, †Pqvi BZ¨vw`

†_‡K e¨v_v †c‡Z cv‡i| 12-16 gvm eqmx wkïiv N‡oi wRwbm cÎ a‡i ùvov‡Z †P÷v K‡i,

nvU‡Z Pvq, cvwb wb‡q †Ljv K‡i GgbwK PvgP, KuvUv PvgP Pvevq- mveavb †evZ‡ji K¨vc-

Lyj‡Z w`‡eb bv KLb I ùvZ w`‡q| ejvi Av‡Q A‡bK.........| mveavb _vKzb Avi Avcbvi

dzUdz‡U †mvbvgwb‡K my¯  ivLyb|

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38

w`b e`‡ji mgq| gvbyl n‡q DV‡Q AvaywbK| cwieZ©‡bi nvIqv me©Î& DbœZxi †Qvqv I

meLv‡b| gvbyl d¨vkb m‡PZb| †mB †QvU †ejv †_‡K †`‡L AvmwQ, we‡kl K‡i †g‡qiv Kv‡b

I bv‡K dz‡Uv K‡i my›ì my›ì, n‡iK iKg wWRvB‡bi Kv‡bi `yj, bv‡Ki dyj c‡i|

†g‡q‡ì mvR m¾vi Ab¨Zg GK Ask n‡jv evnvix wWRvB‡bi Kv‡bi `yj I bv‡Ki dzj

civ| DbœZ we‡k¦i DbœZ †`k¸‡jvi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q d¨vkb RM‡Z Avgv‡ì †`k †Kvb

As‡k wcwQ‡q †bB| eZ©gvb d¨vk‡bi GK Awfbe Ask n‡jv †VvuU †dvov‡bv, wRnŸv

†dvov‡bv,AvB †eªv †d«vov‡bv GgbwK bvwf †dvov‡bv| kix‡ii wewfbœ Ask †dvov‡bv Ges †mB

me As‡k my›ì my›ì Ry‡qjvix civi d¨vkb DbœZ

†`k¸‡jv †Z Anin †`Lv hv‡Q| Avi hy‡Mi mv‡_ Zvj

wgwj‡q GB me d¨vkb †`Lv hv‡Q Avgv‡ì †`‡kI|

AvRKvj wUwfi c`©vq wewfbœ weÁvc‡b †`Lv hv‡PQ|

Avgv‡ì †`‡ki A‡bK †mwj‡eªwUi †VvuU †dvov‡bv,

AvB †eªv †dvov‡bv| d¨vk‡bi nvIqvq ùv‡Zi †hb †Kvb

¶wZ bv nq wKsev ¶wZi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvIqv hvq ev m‡PZb nIqv hvq ZvB GB

AcÖ‡qvRb| ‡VuvU †dvov‡bv ev RxnŸev †dvov‡bv-i ci evnvix Ry‡qjvix eënv‡ii d‡j ùvZ I

gvwoi †h mKj mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i Zv wbgœiƒc :-

1| ùv‡Zi Ask we‡kl †f‡O †h‡Z cv‡i|

2| gvwo, ùvZ †_‡K bx‡Pi w`‡K m‡i †h‡Z cv‡i|

3| Bb‡d&Kkb n‡Z cv‡i|

4| ùv‡Z mv`v mv`v `vM ci‡Z cv‡i|

5| gvwoi cÖ`vn n‡Z cv‡i

6| `š— ¶q n‡Z cv‡i

7| ùv‡Zi Ask we‡kl Gi ¶q n‡Z cv‡i|

40

KL‡bv KL‡bv Lye †QvU wKQy, †QvU my›ì mvR gb‡K Qyu‡q hvq| mewKQyB g‡b GK wkniY RvMvq| mwVK

mvR wKsev my›ì Mnbv K‡i †`q

Avcbvi wcÖqRb‡K Awb›`¨ my›ì|

ùv‡Zi WvqgÛ GgbB GK Ac~e©

my›ì Mnbv hv Avcbv‡K †`‡e

bZyb hy‡Mi d¨vk‡bi AbyfywZ Ges

m‡½ m‡½ Avcwb n‡q DV‡eb

Awb›`¨ my›ì| G‡Kev‡i mnR

Dcv‡q Avcbvi †Ww›U÷ Avcbvi

ùv‡Z Lye my›ì K‡i †W›Uvj

WvqgÛ ewm‡q †`‡eb hv cy‡ivcywi

wbivc` Ges †`L‡Z AbïKg

Ac~e© my›ì| †W›Uvj WvqgÛ Lye †ewk `vwg bq, Zv Avcbvi ev‡R‡Ui g‡a¨B, GgbwK †`k-we‡`‡kI

mgv „̀Z| we‡k¦i DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z †W›Uvj Wvqg‡Ûi eënvi A‡bK Av‡M †_‡KB| mvaviYZ wK‡kvi-

wK‡kvix, hyeK-hyeZxiv Gme d¨vkb K‡i _v‡Kb| mvaviYZ †Uwjwfk‡bi c ©̀vq Anin †`Lv hvq, wK Rvwb

ùv‡Zi Ici wPKwPK Ki‡Q,

evievi bRi Kvo‡Q| eªvwRj

mg_©Kiv GB d¨vk‡bi e¨vcv‡i

me‡P‡q GwM‡q|

ZvB Avcbvi d¨vkb‡K hy‡Mi

m‡½ Zvj wgwj‡q †W›Uvj

WvqgÛ G‡Kev‡iB Dc‡hvMx|

Z‡e †W›Uvj WvqgÛ me©cÖ_g

myB‡W‡b •Zwi nq| GB d¨vkb

myB‡W‡b Aí cwim‡i ïi 

n‡jI Zv cieZ©x‡Z BD‡ivc,

Av‡gwiKv Ges Gwkqv‡Z

Qwo‡q c‡o| GLb G ai‡bi Gwj‡M›U d¨vkb we‡k¦i cÖwZwU †Kvbvq †Kvbvq we¯—„Z|

41

wewfbœ wWRvB‡bi †W›Uvj WvqgÛ cvIqv hvq, m‡½ wewfbœ ai‡bi PvKwP°ZvI i‡q‡Q| Avevi eªv‡Ûi Ici

wfwË K‡i wWRvBbUv wewfbœ ai‡bi| Avevi KL‡bv KL‡bv †Mv‡ìi †mwUs‡q gvSLv‡b †W›Uvj WvqgÛI

emv‡bv nq| †Mv‡ìi g‡a¨ mv`v †Mvì G †¶‡Î fv‡jv| †W›Uvj WvqgÛ¸‡jv LyeB nvjKv Ges †QvU AvKv‡i

nq| mvaviYZ wcQ‡bi Ask mgZj _v‡K, ZvB Lye mn‡RB ùv‡Zi m‡½ †j‡M hvq| mvaviYZ mvg‡bi

ùv‡Z †W›Uvj WvqgÛ jvMv‡bv nq| hv Lye mn‡RB Avcbvi mvR‡K Awb›`¨ K‡i †Zv‡j| Gi mvBwb jyK

Avcbv‡K mevi †_‡K Avjv`v Ki‡Z we› ỳ cwigvY mgq wb‡e bv| mvaviYZ A_©Ww›U÷ †eª‡mm jvMv‡bvi

Rb¨ †h GW‡nwmf eënvi K‡ib †mB GW‡nwmf w`‡q †W›Uvj WvqgÛ ùv‡Z jvMv‡bv nq| GKwU wKsev ỳwU

wKsev A‡bK¸‡jv †W›Uvj WvqgÛ GKm‡½ ùv‡Z jvMv‡bv hvq| †W›Uvj WvqgÛ Avcbvi cÖwZw`‡bi gyL I

ùv‡Zi h‡Zœ †Kv‡bv cÖKvi e¨vNvZ NUvq bv ZvB GUv LyeB wbivc` Ges fv‡jv| Avcwb Avcbvi ÷vB‡ji

m‡½ Zvj wgwj‡q †W›Uvj WvqgÛ jvwM‡q wb‡R‡K Ki‡Z cv‡ib AvKl©Yxq| Avcbvi my›ì nvwm‡Z †W›Uvj

Wvqg‡Ûi PgK Ges fy‡j bv hvIqvi g‡Zv PvKwP°Zv Avcbvi nvwm‡K Ki‡e Av‡iv cÖvYeš— Ges Awb›`¨

my›ì|

42

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43

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45

†gbviwK (gvwmK Gi ïi /cÖ_g gvwmK) t

প্রশি চন্দ্রমা পরপর রযমাযের প্রভাযে পশরণি মময়েযের জরা়েু চক্রাকাযর ময পশরেিগ যের মযযে শেয়ে যা়ে এেং রক্ত ও জরা়েু শেিঃৃি অংল মযাশেপযে মের য়ে আয িাযকই ঋিুচক্র েয। এর শিেটি অংল, ১মটি চারশেে স্থা়েী ়ে (৪-৭ শেে) এেং এযক শমেস্ট্রা মেজ, ২়েটি ১০শেে (৮-১০ শেে) এযক প্রশোযরটিভ মেজ এেং ৩়েটি ১৪ শেে (১০-১৪ শেে)স্থা়েী ়ে এযক মযক্রটশর মেজ ো ়ে। শমেস্ট্রা মেজ এই মযাশে পযে রক্ত মের ়ে। ৪-৭ শেে স্থা়েী এই রক্তপাযি মভযে যাও়ো রক্তকশেকা ছাড়াও এর াযে মেি কশেকা, জরা়েুমুযের শমউকা, জরা়েুর শেিঃৃি আেরশে, েোকযটশর়ো, প্লাজশমে, প্রস্টাগ্লােশিে এেং অশেশক্ত শিম্বােু মেযক োযক। ইযস্ট্রাযজে এেং প্রযজযস্টরে রযমাযের মযৌে শক্র়োর এই পেগটি ঘযট।

mvaviYZ †g‡q‡ì 11-13 eQi eq‡m cÖ_g

gvwmK ïi  nq| hv wKbv cÖwZgv‡m 1 evi nq Ges

5-7 w`b য‡i nq| Avevi Kv‡iv Kv‡iv 8-9 eQi eq‡m wKsev 15-16 eQi eq‡m I ïi  nq|

gvwmKn‡jv cÖwZ gv‡m mvBwK¬K fv‡e Rivqy nB‡Z

wbt¯^wiZ i³| GKevi gvwmK ïi  n‡j Zv

mvaviYZ 45-50 eQi eqm ch©š— Pj‡Z _v‡K|

G mgq `vu‡Zi mgm¨v t

‡g‡qiv hLb •K‡kv‡i cv †`q ZLb †m· ni‡gvb

Gi AvwaK¨Zv †`Lv †`q kix‡i, •Kkvi Kv‡ji

gvwmK Gi ïi  nq| †m· ni‡gv‡bi AvwaKZ¨ gvwo‡Z Aew¯ Z †QvU †QvU i³bvjx ¸‡jv‡K

cÖmvwiZ K‡i d‡j gvwo jvj jvj †`Lv †`q| G‡K †gby‡÷ªkb wRbwRfvBwUm/gvwoi cÖ`vn

e‡j| ZvB gyL I `vu‡Zi hZœ gvwmK ïi i c~‡e©B fv‡jv K‡i †bqv Ri ix| G mgq gy‡L

Aew¯ Z Lvivc gvB‡µvwiqvj †d¬viv I ‡eo hvq| ZvB hv‡ì gy‡LiI `vu‡Zi ¯^v¯ ¨ fv‡jv bv|

c¨vK, K¨vjKzjvm, gvwoi cÖ`vn mgm¨v Aí n‡jI Av‡Q Zv‡ì †¶‡Î GmKj mgm¨v gvwmK

Gi mgq Av‡iv †e‡o †h‡Z cv‡i| G mgq gvwo †`L‡Z jvj jvj, †dvjv fve, e¨_v Abyfe,

46

Lye mn‡R gvwo n‡Z i¶¶iY nq| hv‡ì gyL I `vu‡Zi ¯^v¯ ¨ fv‡jv, Zv‡ì †¶‡Î gvwmK Gi

mgq †h me cwieZ©b gvwo‡Z Av‡m Zv mgq Gi mv‡_ mv‡_ fv‡jv n‡q hvq|

gvwmK Gi †kl, hvi bvg ‡g‡bv‡cvR Ges `vu‡Zi mgm¨v t

gwnjv‡ì †h mg‡q gvwmK †kl n‡q hvq A_v©r cÖRbb ¶gZvi Aemvb N‡U Zv‡KB ‡g‡bvcR

e‡j| †g‡bvc‡Ri eqmmxgv mvaviYZ 40 †_‡K 55 eQi| াযারণি মল মাশক আেিগ যের ১২ মা পযরর ম়েযকই মমযোপজ েয।

এর েয মাশক স্থা়েীভাযে েন্ধ য়ে যা়ে এেং র্ভগ েিীও ও়ো যা়ে ো। রযমাযের পশরেিগ যের কারযণ মমযোপযজর শেশভন্ন লারীশরক উপর্গ মেো যা়ে। এর েয ঘুযমর েোঘাি ঘযট, লশক্তর ক্ষ়ে ়ে এেং মােশক অোে মেো মে়ে। †g‡bvc‡R gy‡Li mgm¨vi Ab¨Zg n‡jv gy‡L e¨_v n‡Z

cv‡i| gyL ï®‥ n‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i Ges gvwpi †ivM †`Lv

†h‡Z cv‡i| Iivj Wvqv‡mm‡_wmqvi †¶‡Î †ivMx wRnŸv

Ges gy‡L cÖ`vn A_©vr R¡vjv‡cvovi Awf‡hvM Wv³v‡ii

Kv‡Q K‡i _v‡Kb| ZvB †g‡bvc‡Ri mgq mgm¨v †`Lv

w`‡j GKRb †W›Uvj mvR©‡bi civgk© †bhv AZxe Ri ix|

47

c Öt 1| fv‡jv `vuZ †K bv †c‡Z Pvq! Zvi KiYxq¸‡jv wK wK ?

Dt cÖwZw`b Aš—Zt wbqwgZfv‡e `yBevi `vuZ eªvk Ki b|

eQ‡i Aš—Z 1 evi †¯‥wjs Ki b|

Avcbvi eënvi Kiv eªvkwU gv‡m Aš—Z GKevi nvjKv Mig cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q †i‡L

cwi®‥vi Ki b|

big weªmjhy³ eªvk eënvi Ki b|

`vu‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi wki wki A_ev e¨_v Abyfe Ki‡j GKRb †Ww›Uó Gi civgk© wbb|

gy‡Li Nv Gov‡Z cÖPzi wfUvwgbhy³ Lvevi Lvb|

gy‡Li MÜ Gov‡Z cÖ‡qvR‡b gvD_ Iqvk eënvi Ki b|

Lvevi ci fvjfv‡e KzjKzwP Ki b|

†QvU evPv‡ì †ejvq Aek¨B iv‡Z wgwó RvZxq Lvevi Gwo‡q Pjyb|

wgwó RvZxq Lv`¨vfvm Kwg‡q Avbvi †Póv Ki b|

†QvU evPv‡ì PK‡jU, K¨vwÛ, RvZxq Lvevi bv MÖn‡Y DrmvwnZ Ki b|

`vuZ eªvk Kivi ci Aek¨B Avcbvi gvwo¸‡jv hZœ mnKv‡i g¨vmvR Ki b|

`vuZ eªvk Kivi mwVK wbqgwU †R‡b wbb|

`vu‡Z Ah_v †LvuPvLyuwP Ki‡eb bv|

cÖ‡qvR‡b †W›Uvj d¬m eënvi Ki b|

cÖPzi Avukhy³ Lvevi MÖnY Ki b|

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cÖt 2| ‡Kvb eqm †_‡K `vu‡Zi mwVK hZœ †bqvi cÖ‡qvRb e‡j g‡b K‡ib ?

Dt `vuZ Ag~j¨ m¤ú`| wKš‧ Avgiv A‡b‡KB `vuZ _vK‡Z `vu‡Zi gh©v`v eywSbv| wewfbœ

Ae‡njvi Kvi‡Y, `vu‡Zi mwVK cwiPh©vi Afv‡e A‡bK mgqB Avgv‡ì `vu‡Z bvbv ai‡Yi

mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| `vuZ I gy‡Li my¯ Zvi Rb¨ mwVK cwiPh©vi †Kvb weKí †bB| ỳa `vuZ ¸‡jv

A¯ vqx †`‡L A‡b‡KB Zvi e¨vcv‡i Am‡PZb _v‡Kb|

evPvi `vu‡Zi hZœ †bqv ïi  Kiv DwPZ GK`g †QvU Kvj †_‡KB| evPvi `vuZ DVvi

Av‡M †_‡KB AwffveK‡ì DwPZ evPvi Lvev‡ii c‡i gvwo‡Z I Zvjy‡Z hw` †Kvb gqjv

†j‡M _v‡K Z‡e cwi®‥vi cvZjv big Kvco w`‡q Zv cwi®‥vi K‡i †`qv| 5 - 6 gvm eq‡mi

w`‡K evPvi gy‡L `ya `vuZ DV‡Z ïi  K‡i| ZLb evPvi `vuZ cvZjv big Kvco w`‡q

cwi®‥vi K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| `ya `vuZ me P‡j Avmvi ci ev `yB eQi eqm †_‡K evPv‡K `vuZ

eªvk Kiv‡bv ïi  Kiv DwPZ| AwffveK wb‡RB evPv‡K cÖ_g cÖ_g eªvk Kwi‡q w`‡eb| evPv

GKUz eo n‡j wb‡RB eªvk Ki‡e Z‡e Zv n‡e Awffve‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b| evPvi `ya `vuZ ¶q

n‡q †M‡j, wbw`©ó mg‡qi Av‡M c‡o †M‡j Aek¨B GKRb AwfÁ `š— wPwKrm‡Ki mv‡_

civgk© K‡i †m Abyhvqx eë¯ v Kiv DwPZ| •kke †_‡KB hw` wkï‡K `vu‡Zi cwiPh©v m¤ú‡K©

mwVK wk¶v †`qv nq Z‡e fwel¨‡Z `vu‡Zi A‡bK eo eo mgm¨v ‡_‡K gy³ _vK‡Z cvi‡e|

cÖt 3| aea‡e mv`v `vu‡Zi Rb¨ Kibxq ?

Dt aea‡e mv`v `vuZ mevB Pvq| jvj‡P wKsev nj‡`‡U `vuZ †KD Pvq bv| †mRb¨ Lvev‡i

mvgvb¨ cwieZ©b Avbv PvB| iO wgwkªZ cvbxq Rym Ges cwbi‡K mv`v `vu‡Zi kÎ  wnmv‡e

wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb M‡elKiv| Zviv e‡jb ‡h, cwbi GKwU AvVv‡jv wRwbm| GwU `vu‡Z †j‡M

_v‡K Ges jvj is Gi Ici jvj‡P i‡Oi GKwU wmj †g‡i ‡`q Av‡iv K‡hKwU Lv`¨vf¨v‡m

cwieZ©b Avb‡Z n‡e|

†hgbt

†Pwii cwie‡Z© Av‡cj Lvb|

U‡g‡Uv/†c¯—vi m‡mi cwie‡Z© imyb Ges Awjf I‡qj|

49

Kv‡jv Kwd A_ev P‡qi cwie‡Z© `y‡ai Pv ev Kwd|

wKQy cwieZ©b djvdj memgq mv`v `vuZ|

cÖt 4| `vu‡Zi eªvk KZw`b cici cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq ? †c÷ cwieZ©‡bi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q wK?

Dt `vuZ‡K my¯  ivLvi Rb¨, `vu‡Zi h‡Zœi Rb¨ Uz_eªvk I Uz_‡c‡ói ¸i Z¡ Acwimxg|

A‡b‡KB `vuZ cwi®‥vi Kivi Rb¨ mwVK Uz_eªvk eënvi K‡ibv wKsev Uz_‡c‡÷i cwie‡Z©

Kqjv-QvB cÖf„wZ eënvi K‡i, hv `vu‡Zi ¯^v‡¯ ï Rb¨ ¶wZKi| mwVKfv‡e `vuZ eªvk Kivi

Rb¨ mwVK Uz_eªvk eënvi Kiv DwPZ| Uz_eªvk †Kbvi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e Uz_eªv‡ki weªmj

(†h Ask w`‡q Avgiv `vuZ cwi®‥vi Kwi) †hb Lye †ewk k³ ev Lye †ewk big bv nq| Uz_

eªv‡ki weªm&j Ge‡ov †_e‡ov n‡q †M‡j †mB eªvk Avi eënvi bv KivB fv‡jv| Avi weªm&j hw`

wVKI _v‡K ZviciI cÖwZ wZb †_‡K Pvi gvm Aš—i Aš—i Uz_eªvk cwieZ©b Kiv DwPZ|

mKv‡j bv¯—v Lvevi ci Ges iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi Av‡M Uz_eªvk I gvbm¤§Z Uz_‡có w`‡q `vuZ

cwi®‥vi Kiv DwPZ|

Avcbvi Uz_‡c÷ hw` gvbm¤§Z nq, G‡Z hw` cÖ‡qvRbxq me Dcv`vb we`¨gvb _v‡K

Ges Zv eënvi K‡i Avcwb hw` mš‧ó _v‡Kb Z‡e Uz_‡có evievi cwieZ©b bv Ki‡jI P‡j|

A‡b‡KB GKB iO, MÜ ev GK †Kv¤úvbxi †c÷ eënvi K‡i GK ‡N‡qwg‡Z fy‡M _v‡Kb|

†m‡¶‡Î Avcwb PvB‡j Ab¨ eY©, M‡Üi ¸bMZ gvb m¤úbœ †c÷ eënvi K‡i cwieZ©b Avb‡Z

cv‡ib| wKQy Uz_‡c÷ Av‡Q hv `vu‡Zi wKQy †iv‡Mi Jla wnmv‡e eëüZ nq hv GKUvbv

`xN©w`b bv eënvi KivB fv‡jv|

cÖt 5| Avcbvi dzU dz‡U wkïi `vu‡Zi hZœ ?

Dt wkïi `ya LvIqv‡bvi †evZj, ‡Ljbvmn †hme mvgMÖx Zvi gy‡Li ms¯ú‡k© Avm‡Z cv‡i,

†m¸‡jv me mgq cwi®‥vi ivLyb| †hme beRvZK †ewk eqm ch©š— gv‡qi `ya cvb K‡i Ges

`ya cvb Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Nywg‡q c‡o, Avevi GKB m‡½ beRvZ‡Ki gv-I Nywg‡q c‡ob, †m

†¶‡Î beRvZ‡Ki `vu‡Zi ¶q †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| G mgq wkïi gy‡Li h‡ZœI we‡klfv‡e

50

m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| big Uz_ eªvk w`‡q h‡Zœi m‡½ wkïi _vK‡j ïi ‡ZB eywS‡q w`‡q Af¨vm

cwiZ¨vM Kiv‡bvi †Póv Ki b| Zv bv n‡j fwel¨‡Z †Pqv‡ji mgm¨v nIqv Ges `vuZ DuPz I

`vu‡Zi g‡a¨ dvuK n‡Z cv‡i| Mf¨ve¯ vq g‡qi wmwdwjm †ivM _vK‡j wkï Rb¥MZ wmwdwj‡m

Avµvš— n‡Z cv‡i| Rb¥MZ wmwdwj‡m Avµvš— wkïi gy‡L bvbv ai‡bi mgm¨v ‡`Lv w`‡Z

cv‡i|

cÖt 6| wkïi gy‡Li I `vu‡Zi hZœ bv Ki‡j wK mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i ? Dt beRvZK I wkïi `vuZ I gy‡Li h‡Zœ AwffveK‡ì me mgq m‡PZb _vKv ìKvi|

beRvZKI wkï‡ì gyL I `vu‡Zi wewfbœ mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|

beRvZ‡Ki gy‡Li mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y Zvi gv‡qiI mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i| beRvZK I

wkï‡ì Iivj eªvk ev dvsMvj msµgY mvaviYZ †ewk n‡q _v‡K| Iivj eªvk A‡bK mgqMjv

ch©š— we¯ —„Z n‡Z cv‡i| Iivjeªvk ev dvsMvj msµgY wPey‡Ki †fZi, wRnŸv, Zvjy, †VvuU I

gvwo‡Z †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i| Iivj eªvk n‡j Zv beRvZ‡Ki KvQ †_‡K gv‡qi ¯—‡b I ¯—be„‡š—

B÷ msµgY n‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z beRvZK‡K `ya cvb Kiv‡bvi mgq gv e¨_v Abyfe Ki‡Z

cv‡ib| Gme †·‡Î beRvZ‡Ki wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© wb‡Z n‡e| KviY, Gme Rb¥MZ Î wUi

†¶‡Î wiKb÷ªvKkb mvR©vwii cÖ‡qvRb nq| h_vh_ wPwKrmv bv Kiv‡j fwel¨‡Z wkïi

DPviY I K_v ejvq mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i| ZvjyKvUv wkï‡ì w¯úP †_ivwcI cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z

cv‡i| A¯¿cvPvi bv Kiv ch©š— wkïi Zvjyi Ici cÖm‡_wUK wWfvBm ms‡hvR‡biI cÖ‡qvRb

n‡Z cv‡i| †VvuU KvUv wKQy beRvZ‡Ki †¶‡Î ey‡Ki `ya †L‡Z mgm¨v n‡Zcv‡i| G †¶‡Î

we‡kl ai‡Yi †evZj eënv K‡i wkï‡K `ya LvIqv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i|

cÖt 7| `vu‡Zi ¯^v¯ ¨ i¶vi Rb¨ Uz_‡có I eªvk eënvi cÖm‡½ fyj aviYv ?

Dt A‡b‡K Uz_‡có I eªvk eënvi K‡i bv, KviY Zviv g‡b K‡i Uz_eªvk eënvi Ki‡j `vuZ

dvuK Ges `vu‡Zi Gbv‡gj ¶q n‡q hvq| gyL I `vuZ cwi®‥vi Kivi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv `vu‡Zi

dvu‡K dvu‡K †h me Lv`¨KYv AvU‡K _v‡K Ges `vu‡Zi Gbv‡g‡j †h RxevYy cÖ‡jc `~i Ki‡Z

eªvk eënviB me‡P‡q fv‡jv| `vuZ dvuK ev Gbv‡gj ¶q mvaviYZ Ab¨ Kvi‡Y n‡q _v‡K-

Uz_eªvk eënvi‡K G e¨vcv‡i `vqx Kiv DwPZ bq| `vu‡Zi ¯^v¯ ¨ i¶vi Rb¨ Uz_‡có I eªvk

eënvi KivB DËg| †mB m‡½ †W›Uvj d¬m eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

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cÖt 8| gvD_ Iqv‡ki cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ?

Dt cÖwZ wbqZ `vuZ gvR‡jI Avgv‡ì gy‡L Ggb wKQy RvqMv Av‡Q †hLv‡b e¨vK‡Uwiqvci ¯^Q

AveiY I Lv`¨ KYv cÖ‡ek K‡i _v‡K Ges Gme RvqMv‡Z mn‡R eªvk †c․Qvq bv| Ggb

RvqMv¸‡jv‡K cwi®‥vi Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb gvD_ Iqvk eënvi Ki‡Z wewfbœ wb‡`©kbv †evZ‡ji

Mv‡q †`Lv _v‡K| hw` Avcbvi `vuZ Lye †ekx bvRyK nq †m‡¶‡Î Wv³v‡ii civgk© wb‡qB

gvD_ Iqvk eënvi Kiv DwPZ|

cÖt 9| `vu‡Z cv_i Rg‡j wK Kiv DwPZ ?

Dt Avgiv cÖwZw`b †h Lvevi LvB Zv `vu‡Zi Pvicv‡k R‡g _v‡K| hw` `vuZ cwi®‥vi bv Kiv

nq Z‡e Gme Lv`¨KYv `vu‡Zi Avei‡Yi Dci k³ n‡q Rgv n‡q cv_‡ii gZ m„wó K‡i|

Gme cv_i `xN©w`b `vu‡Z R‡g _vK‡j `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ‡ivM, gvwo w`‡q i³ cov, gy‡Li

`yM©Ü, `vuZ wkiwki mn A‡bK ai‡Yi mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i| `vu‡Z cv_i Rg‡j †ìx bv K‡i `š—

wPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q †h‡q †¯‥wjs Kiv‡Z n‡e| `vuZ I gvwoi my¯^v‡¯ ï Rb¨ †¯‥wjs LyeB

¸i Z¡c~Y©| cÖwZ 6 gvm Aš—i `š—wPwKrm‡Ki kiYvcbœ nIqv DwPZ|

cÖt 10| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki A‡bK gvbyl wewo, wmMv‡iU, ZvgvK, R`©v, ¸j, mv`vcvZv eënvi

K‡i| Gi d‡j Zv‡ì wK wK ai‡Yi †ivM n‡Z cv‡i?

Dt aygcv‡b welcvb G K_v Avgiv mevB Rvb‡jI KqRb gvwb? wewfbœ ai‡Yi †bkvRvZxq

`ªe¨ †hgb kix‡ii A‡bK ¶wZ K‡i †Zgwb gyL I `vu‡Zi wewfbœ †ivM m„wó‡Z Giv f~wgKv

iv‡L| gy‡Li K¨vÝv‡ii Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY wewfbœ †bkv RvZxq ª̀e¨| ZvgvK, cvb, R`©v, ¸j,

mv`vcvZvi gvÎvwZwi³ eënv‡ii d‡j gy‡L A‡bK iKg mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i| Gme `ªe¨

eënv‡ii d‡j `vu‡Zi iO cwiewZ©Z n‡q hvq, gvwo‡Z cÖ`vn n‡Z cv‡i, wRnŸv -Mvj mn gyL

MnŸ‡ii wewfbœ ¯ vb Avµvš— n‡Z cv‡i| Avµvš— ¯ vb mv`v ev jvj n‡Z cv‡i| cÖv_wgK

Ae¯ vq aiv co‡j wPwKrmv ZZ RwUj bvI n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‧ `xN©w`b hw` gy‡Li GB Ae¯ v

_v‡K Z‡e Zv K¨vÝv‡ii gZ gvivZ¥K ch©v‡q P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| wewo-wmMv‡iU Lye †ewk †L‡j

gy‡L `yM©Ü m„wó nq, `vu‡Z Kv‡jv `vM n‡q hvq, gy‡L K¨vÝvi I n‡Z cv‡i|

†bkvRvZxq ª̀e¨ MÖn‡Yi d‡j gy‡Li †h ai‡Yi †ivM nq Zvi cÖwZKv‡ii PvB‡Z

cÖwZ‡iva KivB DËg| Avgv‡ì a‡g©I †bkvRvZxq ª̀e¨‡K nvivg Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgiv GKUz

52

m‡PZb n‡q hw` †bkvRvZxq `ªe¨ MÖnY Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vwK Z‡e Zv Avgv‡`i kixi I gb‡K

A‡bKvs‡k my¯  ivL‡e|

cÖt 11| VvÛv RvZxq Lvevi MÖnY Ki‡j `vuZ wkiwki K‡i KiYxq wK?

Dt `vu‡Zi me‡P‡q evwn¨K Avei‡Yi bvg Gbv‡gj| Gbv‡gj ms‡e`bkxj bv| KviY G‡Z

†Kvb cÖKvi øvqy _v‡K bv| wKš‧ Gbv‡g‡ji wVK bx‡Pi †h AveiY Zvi bvg †Ww›Ub hv

ms‡e`bkxj| mvaviYZ hw` fyj c×wZ‡Z `vuZ eªvk Kiv nq ZLb `š—¶q n‡Z cv‡i| gyL I

`vu‡Zi mwVK fv‡e hZœ bv wb‡j Lv`¨ Kbv `vuZ Ges gvwoi Pvicv‡k R‡g ‡_‡K, `vu‡Zi

Pvicv‡k cv_i •Zwi‡Z f~wgKv iv‡L| GB cv_i ¸‡jv mgqgZ cwi®‥vi bv Ki‡j `vuZ Ave…Z

K‡i †i‡L‡Q †h gvwo †mB gvwo‡K bx‡Pi w`‡K †V‡j †`q| d‡j `vu‡Zi †h wkKo Zv †ei n‡q

Av‡m| `vu‡Zi wkK I ms‡e`bkxj| Dc‡iv³ mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y `vuZ wki wki Ki‡Z cv‡i|

VvÛv ev Mig cvwb, wgwó RvZxq Lvevi †L‡j Av‡iv †ewk wkiwki K‡i| †h‡nZz G¸‡jv mgm¨v

ZvB mgvavb AZxe Ri ix| Avi mwVKfv‡e hZœ †bqvUvB Gi cÖwZKvi|

cÖt 12| †¯‥wjs Kv‡K e‡j ?

Dt `vu‡Zi †Mvovq †h cv_i R‡g, Zv we‡kl h‡š¿i gva¨‡g †d‡j †`qv‡KB †¯‥wjs e‡j| g‡b

ivL‡eb `vu‡Zi gvwo‡Z R‡g _vKv cv_i_¸‡jv †d‡j w`‡q`š— wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© †g‡b Pj‡j

G †ivM m¤ú~Y© fv‡jv n‡q hvq| GgbwK gvwo †_‡K i³cov, `vuZ wki wki Kiv Ges gy‡Li

`yM©Ü meB wVK n‡q hvq| Avi hw` h_vmg‡q †¯‥wjs A¨Û cwjwk© Kiv‡bv bv nq Ges G Ae¯ v

`xN©w`b Pj‡Z _v‡K, Zvn‡j `vu‡Zi †cwiI‡W›Uvj †gg‡eªb bó n‡q `ye©j n‡q fv‡jv `vuZwU

ax‡i ax‡i bo‡Z ïi  K‡i| ZLb gvwo‡Z Lye e¨_v nq| e¨_vi Kvi‡Y †ivMx wVKgZ LvIqv-

`vIqv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

cÖt 13| cvBIwiqvt wPwKrmv ?

Dt wRbwRfvBwUm‡K mvaviY gvbyl cvBIwiqv e‡j| cªwZw`‡bi Lvev‡ii ci hw` wVKgZ `vuZ

cwi®‥vi Kiv bv nq, Zvn‡j `vuZ I gvwoi gv‡S Lv`¨KYv R‡g hvq| d‡j †W›Uvj c¨v‡Ki

m„wói nq, hv ax‡i ax‡i k³ n‡q cv_‡i cwiYZ nq| cv_i Rg‡Z Rg‡Z GK ch©v‡q `vu‡Zi

†Mvov †_‡K gvwo m‡i wM‡q dz‡j hvq| GK ch©v‡q gvwo †_‡K i³ So‡Z _v‡K| gy‡L Lye

53

`yM©Ü nq| G †ivM‡KB ejv nq wRbwRfvBwUm| wRbwRfvBwUm †ivM nIqv gvÎB GKRb

AwfÁ `š— we‡klÁ Øviv †¯‥wjs A¨vÛ cwjwks Kwi‡q wb‡j G †ivM †_‡K cy‡ivcywi cwiÎvY

cvIqv hvq|

cÖt 14| †d¬vivBW mvcwj‡g›U ?

Dt c„w_exi A‡bK kn‡i Lvevi cvwbi mv‡_ †d¬vivBW wgwk‡q †`qv nq| wKš‧ Avgv‡ì †`‡k

G ai‡Yi †Kv‡bv eë¯ v †bB| ZvB Avgv‡ì †`‡k Lvevi cvwb KL‡bvB †d¬vivBW Gi Rb¨

mnvqK bq| ZvB Avgv‡`bi DwPr †d¬vivBW mvwc‡gbbU eënv Kiv| evRv‡i Gai‡Yi bvbvb

cvbxq I U¨ve‡jU cvIqv hvq| Z‡e Gi Rb¨ Aek¨B Av‡M †Kv‡bv `š— wPwKrm‡Ki civgk©

†bqv Ri ix| †d¬vivBW `vu‡Zi Rb¨ fv‡jv Z‡e †ekx n‡j mgm¨v|

cÖt 15| †W›Uvj d¬z‡ivwmm wK ?

Dt GwU †d¬vivBW RvZxq c`v‡_©i eënvi ¯§cwK©Z mgm¨v| Avgiv evRv‡i iKgvwi Uz_‡c‡÷i

weÁvc‡b wKsev Uz_‡có †Kbvi mgqI †d¬vivBW RvZxq K_vwU †ewk k~‡b _vwK| †d¬vivBW

n‡Q GK ai‡Yi LwbR c`v_©, hv gvwU, cvnvo, cvwb I mvgvb¨ wKQy Lv`¨ Ges Avgv‡ì

`vu‡Zi evB‡ii mv`v Ask A_©vr Gbv‡g‡j _v‡K| †d¬vivBW Avgv‡ì A¯ vqx Ges ¯ vqx Dfq

ai‡Yi `vuZ‡K gReyZ Kivi cvkvcvwk `š— ¶q ‡ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡a mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K| G †_‡K

GUv ¯úó †evSv hvq, Avgv‡ì `vu‡Z ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB †d¬vivBW _v‡K| Z‡e mevi †¶‡Î `vu‡Z

G †d¬vivB‡Wi cwigvY mgvb _v‡K bv| Avi hv‡ì `vu‡Z †d¬vivB‡Wi cwigvY Kg Zv‡ì

AwZwi³ †d¬vivBW eënvi Ki‡Z ejv nq| wKš‧ A‡bK †·‡Î GB †d¬vivB‡Wi eënv n‡q hvq

gvÎvwZwi³| Avi ZLbB †`Lv †`q wecwË| `vu‡Z AwZwi³ †d¬vivB‡Wi eënv‡i Avgiv †h

mgm¨vq Avµvš— n‡q _vwK Zv‡K †W›Uvj d¬z‡ivwm‡m e‡j|

cÖt 16| †W›Uvj d¬z‡ivwmm n‡j wK nq ?

Dt d¬z‡ivwmm‡mi Kvi‡Y `vu‡Zi evB‡ii Ask A_©vr Gbv‡g‡j AmsL¨ wQ‡`ªi m„wó nq Ges

`vuZ‡K ¶wZMÖ¯— K‡i _v‡K| GRb¨ A‡bK †¶‡Î d¬z‡ivwmm‡K nvB‡cvwgbvivjvB‡RkbI ejv

n‡q _v‡K| d¬‡ivwm‡m Avµvš— `vuZ weeY© n‡q hvq| GgbwK `vu‡Z mv`v `vM †_‡K ïi  jvj‡P

ev`vwg wKsev Kv‡jv `vM co‡Z †`Lv hvq| cÖv_wgKfv‡e Avµvš— Ae¯ vwU n‡Q `vu‡Zi

54

Gbv‡g‡j wQ`ª nIqv| wKš‧ GwU hw` mwVK mg‡q wPwKrmv bv Kiv hvq, Z‡e †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i

Uz_ wW‡K ev `š—¶q †ivM mn bvbvwea mgm¨v| cÖ_g †_‡KB eë¯ v wb‡q `vuZwU ivLv hvq| Zv

bv n‡j A‡bK mgq`vuZ †d‡j †`qvi g‡Zv KwVb wm×vš—I wb‡Z n‡Z cv‡i| evPv‡ì GB

†iv‡M Avµvš— nIqvi cwigvY GKUz †ewk| ZvB Avcbvi wkï †Kvb Uz_‡có eënvi Ki‡Q, wK

cwigv‡Y †d¬vivBW eënvi Kiv ìKvi Zv Aek¨B †W›Uvj mvR©‡bi m‡½ civgk© ‡b‡eb| cÖt 17| †Kb †W›Uvj K¨vixR nq ?

Dt hLb Lvevi wKsev cvbxq nB‡Z wPwb, cvK G Aew¯ Z e¨vK‡Uwiqv Gi mv‡_ cÖwZwµqv K‡i

ZLb GwmW •Zix nq hvi ìƒb Gbv‡gj ¶q nq, djvdj K¨vixR| ïay wPwb bv, GQvov

Kv‡ev©nvB‡WªW RvZxq Lvevi I cvbxq c¨vK Gi mwnZ cÖwZwµqv K‡i GwmW •Zix K‡i, ø¨v·,

†cw÷ª, †KK, PK‡jU wgwó BZ¨vw` Lvevi K¨vixR Gi wi¯‥ evovq| mvavibZ hw` fv‡jvfv‡e

gyL I ùv‡Zi hZœ †bqv nq Zvn‡j K¨vixR nIqvi m¤¢vebv ¶xb ZvB Acwi¯‥vi gy‡L K¨vixR

n‡Z cv‡i|

cÖt 18| K¨vixR n‡j wK nq ?

Dt cÖv_wgK Ae¯ vq †QvU `vM wKsev ùv‡Z MZ© •Zix nq hv †Zgb †Kvb mgm¨v K‡i bv|

mvavibZ †i¸jvi †W›Uvj †PKAvc Kiv‡j †Ww›U÷ Avcbv‡K K¨vixR Av‡Q wK bv Rvbv‡eb|

cÖv_wgK Ae¯ vq wPwKrmv Kiv‡j ZZUv RwUjZv nq bv|

cÖt 20| K¨vixR Gi wPwKrmv wK?

Dt ‡QvU MZ© wKsev Kv‡jv `vM n‡qB †M‡Q, hw` K¨vixR Gi we¯—vi ùv‡Zi cÖ_g ¯—i Gbv‡gj

ch©š— ZLb fv‡jvg‡Zv K¨vixR/ Avµvš— RvqMv cwi¯‥vi K‡i wdwjs Ki‡jB mgvavb| hw` MZ©

eo ZLb M‡Z©i we¯—vi Ges Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨vi Dci wfw³ K‡i GKRb AfxÁ `š— wPwKrmK

mwVK wPwKrmv Ki‡eb| hw` M‡Z©i we¯—vi `v‡Zui 3-q ¯ —i hvi bvg `š—g¾v ch©š— nq ZLb

e¨v_v nq, G‡¶‡Î wdwjs Ki‡j Pj‡e bv Ki‡Z n‡e i U K¨v‡bj wPwKrmv|

cÖt 21| K¨vixR bv ‡nv‡K, cÖwZ‡iva Gi Dcvq Av‡Q wK bv ?

55

Dt Av‡Q, wbqwgZ ùvZ I gy‡Li hZœ Ges byb¨Zg 6 gvm Aš—i †W›Uvj †PKAvc| GQvov

ùv‡Zi Dci we‡kl K‡i ùv‡Zi wdkvi ¸‡jv‡K cvw÷K †KvwUs Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i G‡K e‡j wcU

GÛ wdkvi wm‡j›U|

cÖt 22| wm‡j›Um wK wRwbm ?

Dt wm‡j›Um n‡jv K¨vixR cÖwZ‡ivag~jK GKai‡bi cvw÷K †KvwUs| G¸‡jv wbivc` Ges

e¨v_v wenxb, Avgv‡ì `v‡uZi Kuvgo †`qvi RvqMvq wKQz LuvR m`„k Av‡Q hv‡K Avgiv wdkvi

ewj| wdkvi ¯ v‡b Lye mn‡R AvVv‡jv Lvevi Zvi mv‡_ e¨vK‡Uwiqv AvU‡K _vK‡Z cv‡i| hv

wVKg‡Zv ùvZ I gy‡Li hZœ wb‡j †Kvb cÖKvi mgm¨v K‡i bv G mKj LvR hw` wm‡j›Um w`‡q

fivU K‡i †`qv nq ZLb ùv‡Zi Kvg‡oi Ask mgZj nq d‡j K¨vixR nIqvi m¤¢vebv K‡g

hvq|

cÖt 22| i U K¨v‡bj wPwKrmv wK?

Dt hLb ùvZ K¨vixR wKsev AvNvZ RwbZ Kvi‡b ùv‡Zi 3-q ¯ —i `š— g¾vq Bb‡dKkb nq

ZLb `vu‡Zi †h wPwKrmv Kiv nq Zv‡K i U K¨v‡bj wPwKrmv e‡j|

cÖt 23| i U K¨v‡bj wPwKrmv †Kb cÖ‡qvRb ?

Dt hLb `š—g¾vq Bb‡dKkb nq ZLb ùv‡Z e¨v_v Abyfe ùv‡Zi i‡Oi cwieZ©b, eo MZ©,

ùvZ †f‡O hvIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K Avevi †ekxw`b a‡i GB mgm¨v Pj‡Z _vK‡j ùv‡Zi

†Mvovq, gvwo‡Z cyRu n‡Z cv‡i hv cieZx©‡Z Av‡iv RwUj mgm¨vi m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB i U

K¨v‡bj wPwKrmv n‡jv Gme Gi mgvavb|

cÖt 24| GB wPwKrmvq wK e¨v_v cvIqv hvq?

Dt e¨v_v ! G‡K ev‡iB bv| hw` Wv³vi mv‡ne mwVK fv‡e Aek K‡i (†jvKvj G‡bm‡_wUKm)

†bb, Zvn‡j †Kvb cÖKvi e¨v_v Abyfe n‡e bv|

cÖt 25| GB wPwKrmvq wK Kiv nq ?

56

Dt `Ûg¾vq mg¯ — Bb‡dKkb cwi¯‥vi K‡i, 2-3 wU Jlahy³ †Wªwms (1-2 w`b Aš—i) w`‡q,

ùv‡Zi AvMv †_‡K †Mvov ch©š— wdwjs Kiv nq|

cÖt 26| wPwKrmvi ci Avgvi ùv‡Zi wK Ae¯ v n‡e ?

Dt wVK Av‡M †hgb wQj fv‡jv Ae¯ vq wVK †ZgbUvB _vK‡e AvaywbK wPwKrmvi ì b Avcbvi

Bb‡dK‡UW, fvOv, cuPv ùvZ n‡q hv‡e Kg©¶g Ges my›ì|

cÖt 27| hw` wPwKrmv bv KivB ?

Dt Zvn‡j mgm¨v evo‡e| Avi hZ †ìx Kiv n‡e ZZUvB RwUj Ges e¨vqeûj n‡e| wKQz

wKQz †¶‡Î Bb‡dKkb Mjvi w`‡K Qwo‡q co‡j g„Zz¨ I n‡Z cv‡i|

cÖt 28| GB wPwKrmv wK wbivc` ?

Dt nüv, Z‡e ùv‡Z mg¯— `š—g¾v †ei K‡i †dj‡j ùvZ g„Z _v‡K Avi g„Z ùvZ Lye mn‡RB

†f‡O †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB `v‡Zui Dci K…Îxg gyKzU hv‡K Avgiv µvDb ewj, cov‡j ùvZ fv‡jv

_v‡K| µvDb ùv‡Zi i‡Oi m‡_ iO wgwj‡q •Zix Kiv nq ZvB GUv †`L‡Z my›ì Ges

gReyZ|

cÖt 29| wPwKrmvi ci we‡kl †Kvb hZœ wb‡Z n‡e wK ?

Dt ùvZ I gy‡Li hZœ memgqB GKB iKg| wbqwgZ ùvZ eªvk gvwoi hZœ, d¬vk, fv‡jvK‡i

KzjKzwP, cywóKi Lvevi Avi wbqwgZ †W›Uvj †PKAvc|

cÖt 30| µvDb wK ? KLb cÖ‡qvRb?

Dt ùv‡Zi Dci K…Îxg gyKzU cov‡bv †K µvDb ev K¨vc e‡j| mvavibZ iO bó n‡q †M‡Q

Ggb ùv‡Z, i U K¨v‡bj Kivi ci Ges eªxR Kivi mgq mnvqK ùv‡Zi Dci µvDb Kiv nq|

cÖt 31| µvDb wK w`‡q •Zix ?

Dt eZ©gv‡b me‡P‡q eûj eëüZ µvDb, †cviwmwjb wdDm&W Uz †gUvj w`‡q •Zix, GQvov ïay

†gUvj wmivwgK, Mvm GgbwK ¯^Y© w`‡qI •Zix nq|

57

cÖt 32| ‡cv÷ µvDb wK wRwbm ?

Dt `vu‡Zi †Mvovq LywU emv‡bvi ci µvDb cÖwZ¯ vc‡bi bvg †cv÷ µvDb| hLb ùv‡Zi µvDb

Ask A‡bKLvwb fvov _v‡K ZLb ùvZ‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ `v‡uZi †Mvovq LywU ewm‡q µvDb

Ki‡j gReyZ I `xN©¯ vqx nq|

cÖt 33| µvDb Kivi mgq wK Kiv nq ?

Dt ùv‡Zi Dci µvDb emv‡bvi Rb¨ `vu‡Z GKUv cÖ¯‧wZ cÖ‡qvRb| hLb ùv‡Zi mwVK †mW/

iO wba©vi©b K‡i, ùvZ Gi Qvc wb‡q †W›Uvj j¨ve ‡_‡K mwVK AvK…wÎi Ges i‡Oi µvDb •Zix

Kiv nq| hv cieZx©‡Z µvDb‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‧Z ùv‡Z mwVK wm‡g›U w`‡q jvMv‡bv nq|

cÖt 34| µvDb Kivi mgq wK e¨v_v K‡i ?

Dt bv, mwVK wbq‡g Ki‡j †Kvb cÖKvi e¨v_v nq bv|

cÖt 35| GB wPwKrmv wK e¨vq eûj?

Dt wbf©i K‡i †Kvb ai‡bi g¨v‡Uwiqvj (`ªe¨vw`) w`‡q •Zix| ¯^Y© w`‡q •Zix Ki‡j e¨vq †Zv

n‡eB|

cÖt 36| µvDb KZw`b wUK‡e ?

Dt fv‡jvg‡Zv hZœ wb‡j A‡bK eQi ch©š— webv mgm¨vq wUK‡e| ùv‡Zi Ae¯ v Ges µvDb Gi

aib ey‡S Avcbvi †Ww›U÷ Avcbv‡K ej‡Z cvi‡eb µvDb †Kgb wUK‡e|

cÖt 37| ùvZ bv _vKvi ì b dvKv RvqMvq, ùvZ cÖwZ¯ vcb Ri ix †Kb ?

Dt cvk¦eZx© ùvZ †mB dvKuv RvqMvq †n‡j †h‡Z cv‡i d‡j †mB ùvZ `~e©j nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_

ùv‡Zi Kvg‡o Amgš^q Ges L¨v`¨`ªe¨ mn‡R AvU‡K _vKv, mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i| GQvov ùvZ bv

_vKvi ì b wVK Zvi Dci wKsev bx‡Pi ùvZ I †mB dvKv RvqMvi w`‡K ‡n‡j Avm‡Z cv‡i|

GKvwaK ùvZ bv _vK‡j, GB dvKuv ¯ vb Gi ì b gy‡Li Aeqe Gi cwieZ©b wKsev

†m․›`h©nvbx n‡Z cv‡i|

58

cÖt 38| ùvZ †bB, cÖwZ¯ vc‡bi Dcvq wK?

Dt  ̄vqx fv‡e cÖwZ¯ vcb `yB fv‡e Kiv hvq| dx·W eªxR Ges Bgcv›U GK gva¨‡g|

A¯ vqxfv‡e GK ev GKvwaK ùvZ jvMv‡bv †K AvswkK †WÂvi Ges me¸‡jv ùvZ jvMv †bv †K

cy‡iv †WÂvi ejv nq|

cÖt 39| AvswkK †WÂvi wK ?

Dt 40| Bnv GKai‡bi †cU hvi mv‡_ K…Îxg ùvZ jvMv‡bv _v‡K Ges wKQz wKQz †¶‡Î Zvi

w`‡q jvMv‡bv _v‡K| †cU, cvw÷K wKsev cvw÷K I †gUvj Gi n‡q _v‡K| AvswkK †WÂvi

Gi gva¨‡g GK ev GKvwaK ùvZ cÖwZ¯ vcb m¤¢e?

cÖt 41| GB wPwKrmvi Aš—ivq wK ?

Dt Bnv wd·W b‡n| d‡j Lvevi LvIqvi mgq Ges iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi mgq Ly‡j ivL‡Z nq| Bnv

Lye †ekx my›ì Ges gReyZ b‡n|

cÖt 42| cy‡iv †WÂvi wK ?

Dt hLb meKUv ùvZ c‡i hvq ZLb meKUv ùvZ cÖwZ¯ vc‡bi Rb¨ †h †cU G meKwU K…Îxg

ùvZ jvMv‡bv e¯‧ •Zix Kiv nq, Zv‡K cy‡iv †WÂvi e‡j|

cÖt 43| eªxR wK ?

Dt ùvZ cÖwZ¯ vc‡bi ¯ vqx/ wd·W c×wZi bvg eªxR| bvg ï‡bB eySv hvq †h, `y cv‡k LywU

_vK‡e| hw` 1wU wKsev 2wU wKsev †ekx ùvZ cÖwZ¯ vcb eªxR Gi gva¨‡g Kiv nq Zvn‡j

cvk¦©eZx `vu‡Z LywUi wnmv‡e wd·W µvDb Ki‡Z nq|

cÖt 44| eªxR wPwKrmv wK e¨vqeûj ?

Dt wKQz Uv, hv wbf©i K‡i KZ¸‡jv ùvZ cÖwZ¯ vcb n‡e Ges †Kvb `ªe¨ w`‡q eªxR •Zix n‡e|

59

cÖt 45| eªxR Ges †WÂvi †KvbUv fv‡jv?

Dt eªxR wd·W _v‡K hv †Lvj| covi Sv‡gjv †bB | eªxR ùv‡Zi i‡Oi mv‡_ wgj K‡i •Zix

Kiv hvq Ges Bnv `xN©¯ vqx I gReyZ|

cÖt 46| Bgc¨v›U wK ?

Dt ‡W›Uvj Bgc̈ v›U UvB‡Uwbqvg Øviv •Zix ¯…z / †gUvj iW, hv †Pvqv‡ji nv‡o ewm‡q Zvi

Dci µvDb jvMv‡bv nq hvi ì b wd·W fv‡e ùvZ cÖwZ¯ vcb m¤¢e|

cÖt 47| Bnv wK wbivc` ?

Dt wbivc` Z‡e Bnv cÖwZ¯ vcb we‡kl `¶Zvi cÖ‡qvRb| Bnv e¨vqeûj|

cÖt 48 GB Dcv‡q ùvZ cÖwZ¯ vc‡bi mgq wK e¨v_v nq?

Dt ‡QvU GKwU kj¨wPwKrmvi gva¨‡g Bgcv›U emv‡bv nq| mwVK wbqgwbwZ‡Z Aek K‡i

Ki‡j †Kvb cÖKvi e¨v_v nq bv|

cÖt 49| ùvZ wkowko Kiv wK ?

Dt ùvZ wko wko Kiv n‡jv GKai‡bi A¯^w¯—Ki cwiw¯ wZ hv K‡qK NÈv  ̄vqx nq Ges

†Q‡j‡ì Zzjbvq †g‡q‡ì †ekx nq| VvÛv, Mig wKsev wgwó RvZxq Lvevi LvIqvi mgq †ekx

nq| †h †Kvb eq‡m n‡Z cv‡i 20-70 eqm wKsev Zvi D‡×© I n‡Z cv‡i| VvÛv evZvm

jvM‡jI ùvZ wko wko Ki‡Z cv‡i|

cÖt 50| wK Kvi‡b ùvZ wko wko K‡i ?

Dt ùvZ Gi cÖ_g ¯ —i Gbv‡gj hvi †Kvb ms‡e`bkxjZv †bB| †Kvb Kvi‡b Gbv‡gj ¶q n‡q

ùvZ Gi 2q ¯ —i †WbwUb †ei n‡q Av‡m ZLb ùvZ wkowko K‡i †Kbbv †Ww›Ub ms‡e`bkxj

me‡P‡q †ekx †`Lv hvq †hLv‡b gvwo ùv‡Zi mv‡_ wg‡k‡Q †mLvbKvi Gbv‡gj †ekx cvZjv,

†mLv‡bB Lye mn‡RB †Ww›Ub †ei n‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i| cÖavb wKQz Kvib hvi d‡j ùvZ wko wko

K‡i Zv n‡jv t

60

fyj c×wZ‡Z Uz_ eªvk Kiv-

k³ weªmj hy³ eªvk Gi eënvi

GwmwWK Lvevi, cvbxq Øviv Avµvš— ùvZ

gvwo m‡i hvIqv

gvwoi †ivM

̀ uvZ wKo wgo Kiv

fyj wdwjs

̀ uv‡Z µ¨vK co‡j

AvNvZ RwbZ Kvi‡b

̀ uv‡Z wewPs Kiv‡j (Ae¯ vb Abyhvqx)

cÖt 51| cÖwZ‡iva g~jK †Kvb eë¯ v ?

Dt evRv‡i A‡bK eªvÛ Gi Uz_‡c÷ (†hgbt †gwWcvm, †`kx Uz_‡có) Av‡Q, hv GB mgm¨v

†_‡K cwiÎvb w`‡Z cv‡i| mwVK c×wZ‡Z eªvk Ges Aí‡c÷ Avµvš— ¯ v‡b 2-3 wgwbU w`‡q

ivL‡j I DcKvi cvIqv hvq| GQvov AwZwi³ VvÛv, Mig, wgwó RvZxq Lvevi I cvbxq

cwinvi Ki‡j DcKvi cvIqv hv‡e|

cÖt 52| GB mgm¨vq †Ww›U÷ Gi f~wgKv wK ?

Dt mgm¨v hLb Gi wPwKrmv Ki‡eb Avcbvi `¶ †Ww›U÷, mgm¨vi Kvib Ges aib Abyhvqx

†Ww›U›U wPwKrmv Ki‡eb Avcwb n‡eb Kógy³, †d¬vivBW †Rj eënvi, wKsev aib ey‡S wdwjs

n‡Z cv‡i Gi wPwKrmv|

cÖ: 53| cywóKi Lvevi, gyL I `vu‡Zi ¯^v‡¯ i Rb¨ wK Ri ix ?

Dt mKvj, ỳcyi I ivZ Gi Lvevi LvIqvi Aš—eZx©Kvjxb Avgiv wKQz wKQz Lvevi I cvbxq

†L‡q _vwK| Gme Lvev‡i Dcw¯ Z wPwb, ùv‡Zi Aew¯ Z c¨vK Gi e¨vK‡Uwiqv Gi mv‡_

wewµqv K‡i GwmW •Zix K‡i hvi ì b Avcbvi ùvZ GwmW Avµvš— nq d‡j `š—¶q n‡Z

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cv‡i| `š—¶q n‡j ùvZ wko wko Kiv, e¨v_v nIqv wewfbœ mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB

wPwbRvZxq Lvevi †L‡j gyL I ùv‡Zi hZœ fv‡jv K‡i †bqvUv Ri ix †h mg¯— Lvevi fv‡jv,

ZvRv, wfUvwgb I wgbv‡ij mg„×, Zv gvwoi mgm¨v ~̀i Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| gvwoi mgm¨v n‡j

gy‡L `yM©Ü nIqv, i³cov BZ¨vw` mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i|

cÖt 54| Avwg wK mœ¨v· †L‡Z cvi‡ev?

Dt w`‡b 7-10 evi mœ¨v· LvIqvi PvB‡Z w`‡b 3 †ejv mylg Lvevi LvIqv DËg| Zvi ci I

hw` †L‡Z BQv nq Zvn‡j wPwb RvZxq Lvevi Z¨vM K‡i ¶vixq Lvevi †L‡Z cv‡ib, †hgb

cwbi| djG GwmW we`¨gvb ZvB AwZwi³ LvIqv hv‡e bv| hw` Avcwb mœ¨v· wn‡m‡e dj

Lv‡Qb Zvn‡j, LvIqvi ci ¶vixq Lvevi †hgb cwbi LvIqv fv‡jv| †mfix mœ¨v· LvIqv

†h‡Z cv‡i, †hgb, KuvPv mewR, ev`vg, cvDi wUi w÷K, cwbi BZ¨vw`|

cÖt 55| Avwg wK wgwó †L‡Z cvi‡ev ?

Dt KZUzKz wgwó RvZxq Lvevi I cvbxq Avcwb †L‡jb Zv gyL¨ welq Gi PvB‡Z KZevi

Lv‡Qb ZvB Avmj| Avcwb hw` mKvj, `ycyi iv‡Zi Lvevi Gi mgq ev Zvic‡i wgw÷ RvZxq

Lvevi †L‡j ùvZ I gy‡Li hZœ wb‡j †Kvb mgm¨v n‡e bv| wPwb RvZxq Lvevi ïay ùvZ Gi

mgm¨v K‡i bv, Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK mgm¨v K‡i, Zvig‡a¨ ü`‡ivM, IRb e„w× BZ¨vw`, ZvB

mveavb|

cÖt 56| wK ai‡bi cvbxq cvb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i ?

Dt cvwb I `ya, cvbxq wnmv‡e me‡P‡q fv‡jv| 3 †ejv Lvevi LvIqvi mgq ev Zvi ci ci

d‡ji im LvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i Z‡e cvb Kivi ci †ekx K‡i cvwb LvIqv fv‡jv| Lye †ekx VvÛv

wKsev Mig cvbxq bv LvIqvB fv‡jv|

cÖt 57| Avwg wK cÖ‡Z¨K †ejv Lvevi ci eªvk Ki‡ev ?

Dt me‡P‡q fv‡jv n‡jv, w`‡b 2 evi, bv¯—v LvIqvi ci Ges iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi Av‡M, mwVK fv‡e,

fv‡jv Uz_ eªvk, Uz_ †c÷ (‡hgbt †gwWcvm) eënvi Ges Kgc‡¶ 3-5 wgwbU eªvk Kiv DËg|

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cÖt 58| PzBsMvg wK Pvev‡bv fv‡jv ?

Dt PzBsMvg gy‡Li wfZi jvjv wbsmib evovq| hv Avcbvi Lvevi LvIqvi ci †h mg¯— GwmW

gy‡L Av‡Q Zv †a․Z K‡i| ZvB PzBsMvg Pvev‡bv fv‡jv Z‡e wPwbhy³ †KwgK¨vj hy³ PzBsMvg bv

LvIqv fv‡jv|

cÖt 59| ùvZ cwi¯‥v‡ii Rb¨ wK wK cÖ‡qvRb ?

DËi: fv‡jv Uz_‡c÷ Ges Uz_ eªvk|

cÖt 60| me‡P‡q fv‡jv Uz_eªvk †Kgb?

Dt GKRb cÖvß eq¯‥ gvbyl Gi eënvi Gi Rb¨ me‡P‡q fv‡jv Uz_eªvk Gi •ewkó¨ n‡jv,

†QvU †_‡K gvSvwi AvKvi, Lye Nb weªkj, big †_‡K gvSvix wdjv‡g›U hvi gv_v †MvjvKvi

Ges bvBjb w`‡q •Zix| Bnv ¸i Z¡c~b© Zvi Kvib n‡jv m~Pv‡jv weªkj ùvZ I gvwoi ¶wZ

K‡i|

cÖt 61| B‡jKwUªK Uz_ eªvk wK ?

Dt GB ai‡bi Uz_ eªvk A‡b‡KB eënvi K‡ib| Bnv e¨vUvix Øviv A‡Uv‡gwUK fv‡e PvwjZ|

A‡bK †¶‡Î mwbK I‡qf Gi gva¨‡g c¨vK, †fewim cwi¯‥vi K‡i| M‡elbvq †`Lv †M‡Q

g¨vby‡qj Uz_eªvk Gi PvB‡Z B‡jKwUªK Uz_eªvk †ewk fv‡jv|

cÖt 62| evPv‡ì Rb¨ †Kgb Uz_eªvk fv‡jv?

Dt evPv‡ì Rb¨ AwZmveavbZvi mwnZ mwVK Uz_‡c÷, Uz_eªvk, gyL I ùv‡Zi h‡Zœ Ab¨vb¨

wRwbm eënvi Kiv DwPZ| Uz_eªvk n‡Z n‡e, †QvU gv_vhy³, big weªkj, bvBjb Gi •Zix|

cÖt 63| evPv‡ì ùv‡Zi h‡Zœ AwfeveK wK mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb?

Dt Aek¨B mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb| eqm 7 ch©š— Avcbvi ZË¡veav‡b fv‡jv K‡i ùvZ I gy‡Li hZœ

†bqv Ri ix Ges cieZx©‡Z †hb GKv wb‡Z cv‡i †m e¨vcvi wbwðZ nIqv| i wUb gvwdK ùvZ

I gy‡Li hZœ Ges †W›Uvj †PKAvc KivUv Ri ix|

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cÖt 64| Uz_‡c÷ wKfv‡e wm‡j± Ki‡ev ?

Dt wewfbœ Ae¯ vb ey‡S wewfbœ ai‡bi Uz_‡c÷ evRv‡i cvIqv hvq| gvwo ¯^¨v¯ -i Rb¨, ùvZ

mv`v Kivi Rb¨, ùvZ wko wko cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ BZ¨vw`, ZvB Avcbvi Rb¨ †hUv fv‡jv †mUv

ey‡S wbb| civgk© MÖn‡bi Rb¨ †W›Uvj Wv³vi †Zv Av‡Qb| `v‡Z `vM c‡o‡Q, hviv aygcvb

K‡ib Zv‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl Dcv`vb m¤^wjZ evRv‡i Uz_‡c÷ cvIqv hvq| GQvov cy‡iv ùvZ I

gy‡Li h‡Zœi Rb¨ †UvUvj †Kqv Uz_‡c÷ cvIqv hvq|

cÖt 65| `yB ùv‡Zi gvSLv‡b wKfv‡e hZœ wbe?

Dt fv‡jv g‡Zv eªvk, KzjKzwP Zvi ci †W›Uvi d¬vk eënvi Ki‡jB h‡_÷, Avcbvi †Ww›U÷

Avcbv‡K wkwL‡q w`‡eb mwVKfv‡e d¬vk Gi eënvi|

cÖt 66| `vu‡Z e¨v_v GKwU cywWs w`‡q‡Qb wK Ki‡eb ?

Dt ZLb cÖ_‡g Zv Gbv‡gj w`‡q ïi  K‡i h_vµ‡g wb‡Pi w`‡K we¯—vi jvf K‡i| GB `š—¶q

hLb †Ww›Ub ci¨š— †c․uQvq ZLb `vu‡Z wdwjs w`‡q `vuZwU msi¶Y Kiv m¤¢e nq| wKš‧ hw`

†`Lv hvq `vu‡Zi msµgY †Ww›Ub‡K Qvwo‡q `š—g¾v‡K Quy‡q †M‡Q †m‡¶‡Î Avi Filling

Kiv Pj‡e bv| hw` †KD fyj K‡i †Kvb wdwjs †`q, Z‡e †mLv‡b e¨_v Av‡iv †ewk n‡e `vu‡Zi

ga¨Kvi cPb ¸‡jv evB‡i †ei n‡Z bv †c‡i `vu‡Zi †Mvov w`‡q Rgv n‡eGes Zv dz‡j †h‡Z

cv‡i G †¶‡Î ZLb Patient-Gi mswkó `vu‡Z Root Canal Ki‡Z n‡e| Root Canal

n‡Q H `vu‡Zi Dchy³ Treatment G‡¶‡Î Root Canal Gi Av‡M H `vu‡Zi GKUv

G·‡i K‡i `vu‡Zi Ae¯ v m¤^‡Ü fvjfv‡e ey‡S wb‡Z n‡e|

cÖt 67| dvKv Kg _vK‡j K‡¤úvwRU wdwjs w`‡qI wVK Kiv hvq|

Dt `vuZ †d‡U †M‡Q GK`g Nveiv‡eb bv| `vu‡Z dvUj n‡q‡Q aviYv iKv gvÎB mveavb n‡q

†hZ n‡e| KviY Lv`¨ wPey‡Z wM‡q †Rv‡i Pvc co‡j `vu‡Zi dvUjwU †e‡o wM‡q `vuZ †f‡O

†h‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨w`‡K `vu‡Zi dvU‡j m„ó e¨_v LyeB gvivZ¥K| `vu‡Zi dvUj ïay wekªx Ae¯ vi

m„wó K‡i bv, dvU‡ji Rb¨ †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i RwUj mgm¨vI, hv Avµvš— `vuZ †_‡K Qwo‡q

co‡Z cv‡i my¯  `vuZ -G Avcbv‡K Aek¨B GKRb AwfÁ †Ww›U‡÷i Kv‡Q †h‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ

ai‡Yi cix¶v-wbix¶v, cÖ‡qvR‡b G·-‡i K‡i †W›Uvj mvR©b kbv³ Ki‡eb Avcbvi `vu‡Zi

dvU‡ji aib| mvaviY †¶‡Î A‡bK mgq ¶wZMÖ¯— RvqMvq cvwj‡ki gva¨‡g wekªx `vM ỳi

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Kiv nq| Abªvb¨ d«¨vKPv‡ii †¶‡Î mvaviYZ wdwjs I i U K¨v‡bj wPwKrmv Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

`vu‡Zi †h †Kv‡b gvivZ¥K dvU‡ji †¶‡Î Aek¨B i U K¨v‡bj K‡i K¨vc Kiv DwPZ|

cÖt 68| `vuZ ‡bB, fvebv wK, jvwM‡q wbb ?

Dt GB cÖwZ¯ vcb cÖwµqv g~jZ `yÕfv‡e Kiv hvq| †hgb-

K. wigy‡fej ev A¯ vqx L. wd·W ev ¯ vqx|

wigy‡fej ev A¯ vqx cÖwµqvt G c×wZ‡Z GK ev GKvwaK ¯ v‡bi `vuZ cÖwZ¯ vcb, Ges

m‡e©vcwi Kg wPwKrmv LiP| wewfbœ myweavi cvkvcvwk Gi †ekwKQy AmyweavI I‡q‡Q| †hgb-

GwU †`L‡Z †Zgb GKUv fv‡jv nq bv, G‡Z eëüZ †QvU plate clasp `vu‡Zi †m․b`h©nvwb

K‡I _v‡K, GwU `xN©‡gqvw` wPwKrmv wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv hvq bv| iv‡Z Nygv‡Z hvIqvi Av‡M

cÖwZ¯ vwcZ wigy‡fej †WbPviwU gyL †_‡K ‡ei K‡I cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q ivL‡Z nq| A‡bK mgq

AmveavbZvekZ K…wÎg `vuZmn †WbPviwU Ly‡j †c‡U P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| G cªwµqvq K…wÎg `vuZ

cÖwZ¯ vcb Kivi †¶‡Î cvk¦©eZ©x my¯  `vu‡Zi kw³‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bv nq| †m‡¶‡Î cvk¦©eZ©x

gReyZ `vuZwUI boe‡o n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK G RvZxq K…wÎg `vuZ w`‡q ¯^vfvweK `vu‡Zi

g‡Zv Lvevi Pe©b †clY Kiv m¤¢e bq|

wd·W ev ¯ vqx cÖwµqvt wd·W ev ¯ vqx cÖwµqvq `vuZ cÖwZ¯ vcb wKQyUv e¨qeûj n‡jI

e¯‧Z GwU wigy‡fej †WbPv‡ii †P‡q A‡bK †ewk Kvh©Ki| †m․›`‡h©ï w`K †_‡K GwU LyeB

PgrKvi| cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwZ¯ vwcZ †h †Kv‡bv `vu‡Zi cieZ©x wPwKrmvI m¤¢e| GwU cÖwKqvq

cÖwZ¯ vwcZ `vu‡Zi is Ab¨vb¨ cÖK…Z `vu‡Zi is‡qi m‡½ wgj †i‡L j¨ve‡iUwi †_‡K we‡kl

eë¯ vcbvq •Zwi K‡i Avbv nq| GB cÖwZ¯ vwcZ `vuZ Lye gReyZ nq|

cÖt 69| Kv‡jv `vM hy³ `vu‡Zi Rb¨|

Dt `š—¶q †iv‡Mi cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q `vu‡Zi Ici Kv‡jv Kv‡jv `vM c‡o| G Ae¯ v‡ZB AwfÁ

`š— we‡klÁ Øviv wdwjs Kwi‡q wb‡j `vu‡Z MZ© I e¨_v nIqvi fq _v‡K bv| Avi wPwKrmvq

Ae‡njv Ki‡j MZ© eo n‡e †m‡¶‡Î e¨v_vI evo‡e| Gme †¶‡Î e¨qeûj i U K¨v‡bj

wPwKrmv Kiv‡bv Qvov Dcvq _v‡K bv|

cÖt 70| `vu‡Zi mgm¨vq e¨_vbvkK Ilya Gi eënvi ?

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Dt Avgv‡`i †`‡k †ivMxiv `vu‡Zi e¨v_vq gyL¯— Ilya wK‡b Lvb GK_v †hgb mZ¨, †Zgwb Ilya

we‡µZvivI ninv‡gkv †ivMx‡K e¨_vbvkK Ilya w`‡q _v‡Kb| `vu‡Zi cÖPÛ e¨_vq GbGmG

AvBW †Mv‡Îi Ilya mvaviYZ †`qv n‡q _v‡K| wKš‧ e¨_vbvkK Ilya †me‡bi ev Lvevi MÖn‡Yi

†meb Aek¨B Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e Wv³v‡ii civgk© Qvov †Kv‡bv IlyaB LvIqv DwPZ bq|

cÖt 71| `vuZ Zzj‡j wK †Pv‡Li †Kvb ¶wZ nq ?

Dt GwU åvš— GKwU aviYv| `vuZ c Ö`vn, cvjcvBwUm bvgK `vu‡Zi GB †ivMwUB g~jZ fxwZi

KviY n‡q `vuovq †ivMx‡`i wbKU| †Kbbv e¨_vwU ZLb AwZ `ª Z Qwo‡q c‡o †

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