Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology Department Phytopathogenic microorganisms.
Dental Pathology and Microbiology Unit 1 Classifications of Microorganisms.
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Dental Pathology and Microbiology Unit 1 Classifications of Microorganisms
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Transcript of Dental Pathology and Microbiology Unit 1 Classifications of Microorganisms.
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- Dental Pathology and Microbiology Unit 1 Classifications of Microorganisms
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- Unit 1 Definition: Microbiology Micro Bio Ology Oldest form of life Most are Beneficial Only a few are harmful
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- Why do we study Microbiology? The world we live in.. People live longer Diseases are now controlled Healthier Food Better conditions Medical Advances Environmental advances
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- Microbiology & Medicine Science MUST be ready to face the challenge Knowledge of transfer of microorganisms can reduce spread of disease Knowledge of immunity can reduce disease Knowledge of sterilization & disinfection procedures will reduce or prevent spread of disease Not all microorganisms are harmful, some are even helpful
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- Theory of Spontaneous Generation Mold on food Spoiled drinks & spoiled food Theory was = caused by devil or curse of God Seemed to be no physical cause Some scientists attempted to disprove theory Catching diseases spread by contact with humans and animals
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- Leeuwenhoek Dutch merchant & Amateur scientist Hobby of grinding lenses to observe microbes Animalcules = small moving objects Drew pictures and wrote volumes Early lenses led to early microscopes Took scrapings from teeth to observe appearance Referred to as Father of Microbiology
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- Pasteur Professor of chemistry in France Experimented with heating liquid Process of pasteurization Process used for wine, beer & Milk Food canning process Discovery labeled Germ Theory of Disease proved that airborne bacteria was the cause of some diseases
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- Golden Age of Microbiology Many new discoveries 1880-1910 Communication was limited Scientists and doctors in all countries were working on theories Numerous causes of disease & death; patients died in hospitals; women died in childbirth Physicians wore street clothes in surgery
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- Holmes Physician in Boston Studied child bed fever in new mothers Suggested nurses and physicians wash hands
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- Semmelweis Hungarian doctor Explored use of antiseptics with washing Number of deaths were reduced Both Holmes & Semmelweis were working on same experiments in different countries
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- Lister English Surgeon Set out to prove that wound infection due to microbes Tried carbolic acid (PHENOL) Soaked surgical dressings & instruments & tables Asked staff to use phenol on hands after washing Established aseptic techniques
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- Koch German biologist & physican Proved specific bacteria causes disease Developed rules 1. Organism must be present 2. Organism must be isolated 3. Organism must produce disease in another 4. Organism must be recovered
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- Miller American dentist & researcher Theory: connection between bacteria, carbohydrates & tooth disease BACTERIA + FOOD = Produce Acids Acids on teeth = cause decay (cavities)
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- Review Leeuwenhoek Pasteur Koch Lister Holmes - Semmelweis - Miller -
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- Summer Fun
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- Normal Flora Resident microbial population of human body Microorganisms live (reside) in and on body *Always present
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- Activities of Microbes Bacteria in soil converted to usable nutrients Bacteria cultured to make vinegar, vitamins, antibiotics Bacteria or fungi used to pickle cucumbers; Produce cultured dairy: yogurt & sour cream Yeast makes bread dough & used in beer production
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- GROUPS OF MICROORGANISMS BACTERIA VIRUSES FUNGI Yeasts & Molds PROTOZOA Bacteria & viruses are concern in dental office Some fungi can cause dental problems
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- BACTERIA Small cells Divide by binary fission SHAPES: COCCI BACILLI SPiRILLA VIBRIOS
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- Bacteria Grow in COLONIES Bacterial growth = increase in cell numbers Cells divide by BINARY FISSION Division of cells occurs every 20-30 minutes Some bacteria have ability to grow Some bacteria do not survive
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- Growth Requirements of Bacteria Temperature Acidity Nutrients Oxygen Metabolism Water
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- Bacteria Culturing Bacteria grow bacteria in laboratory Nutrient base called medium Preventing growth changing requirements Bacteriostatic Bacteriocidal
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- Infections/Diseases from bacteria TUBERCULOSIS DIPHTHERIA PERTUSSIS TETANUS STREPTOCOCCAL Infections (caries) STAPHLOCOCCAL Infections
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- FUNGI: Yeasts & Molds Larger than bacteria Disease: Candidiasis (known as thrush) Found inside mouth Cannot be killed with antibiotics Usually cause problems after use of too much antibiotics
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- Candidiasis/Yeast/Thrush
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- Baby thrush
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- VIRUS Smaller than bacteria Have many shapes Cause disease by changing cells Cannot be killed with antibiotics Some antiviral drugs Best approach is immunization or Infection Control Procedures
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- Viral Diseases Measles, Mumps, Rubella Poliomyelitis Chicken Pox (Varicella) Common Cold Influenza Herpes Simplex Hepatitis
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- Shingles
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- VIRAL NO PPE??? Herpetic conjunctivitis- Herpes of eye Herpetic Whitlow- Herpes on hand
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- Protozoa Rickettsiae Live in bloodstream, mouth & digestive tract Contaminated drinking water Gum disease (Periodontal disease) Parasites cannot live outside a host Diseases are Typhus & Rocky mountain fever
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- THE END Grandpuppies