DENTAL ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & OCCLUSIONdental.subharti.org › oral_path › Introduction to...
Transcript of DENTAL ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & OCCLUSIONdental.subharti.org › oral_path › Introduction to...
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DENTAL ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY &
OCCLUSION
Dr Vijay Wadhwan
Prof. & Head
Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology
Dr. Vijay Wadhwan, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
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• The morphology of various teeth in the human dentitions.
• Shape, form, structure, color, & function of teeth in relation with each other, in the same arch & in opposite arch.
Dr. Vijay Wadhwan, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
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Anatomy
– Greek word- Anatome
• Ana- apart Tome- To cut open /apart
• Deals with structure of living things
• Importance related to basic sciences Physiology, Microbiology and Pathology and applied sciences like Medicine & Surgery
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Physiology
• Deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.
• All the physical and chemical processes that take place in organisms
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occlusion
• Simply means contact between teeth.
• Technically, it is the relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth when they approach each other, as occurs during chewing or at rest.
• Occlusion is also termed as articulation.
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components of oral cavity Hard tissues
• Perioral bones
– Mandible
– Maxilla
– Skull bones
– Aveolus/Alveolar process
• Dentition
– Primary
– Permanent
– Mixed dentition
• Soft tissues
– Tongue
– Cheeks
– Soft palate
– Lips
– Salivary glands
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Classification of dentition & Cusp forms
• Monophyodont
• Diphyodont
• Polyphyodont
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Based on kind of teeth found
• Homodont or Isodont
• Specialized homodont
• Heterodont
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HOMODONT
• Functionally & Anatomically similar but size may vary. Eg Amphibian, Reptiles
SPECIALIZED HOMODONT
• Functional specialization is required like venomous fangs. Eg Venomous snakes
HETERODONT
Four different types for cutting, tearing, grinding Eg Mammals
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Based on attachment to bone
• Acrodont
• Pleurodont
• Thecodont
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ACRODONT
• Teeth attached on top surface of jaw bone by fibrous membrane. No roots. Lost easily Eg. Fish, Amphibians
PLEURODONT
• Teeth attached on inner side and upper side. Stronger attachment Eg Lizards
THECODONT
Root is fixed firmly to the jawbone in socket with the help of cementum. Eg Mammals
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Development
• Primary dentition
Development : 6-7 weeks IU –postnatal age of 3
Eruption : 6 month of age -28 ± 4 months
• Transition /Mixed dentition: 6-12 years of age
• Permanent Dentition:6 – 18-25 years of age
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Formulae for mammalian teeth
• Four classes of teeth: Denominations
• Incisors :( I )
• Canines :(C)
• Premolars: (P)
• Molars :(M)
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Formula for primary teeth
• I 2 C 1 M 2
2 1 2 =10
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Formula for permanent teeth • I 2 C 1 P 2 M 3
2 1 2 3 =16
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Crown & Root
• Crown-The portion of tooth visible in the oral cavity
• Root –the portion of tooth embedded in the bone
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Anatomical & Clinical Crown
• Anatomical crown-from the incisal edge /tip of cusp to the cervical line
• Clinical crown -from the incisal edge /tip of cusp to the gingiva (exposed portion)
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Tissues of tooth
• Enamel
• Dentin Hard/Mineralised
• Cementum tissues
• Pulp Soft tissue
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• Crown covered by Enamel
• Root covered by Cementum
• Crown & root joined at cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) /Cervical line
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Other supporting tissues
• Periodontal ligament
• Alveolar bone
• Gingiva (Oral Mucous Membrane)
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Surfaces & Ridges
According to their positions & uses: • Facial surfaces Labial surfaces- towards the lip Buccal surfaces- towards the cheek • Lingual surfaces-towards the tongue • Proximal surfaces-towards adjoining teeth Mesial Distal • Occlusal –towards opposite jaw (occlusion)
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Division into thirds
Crown
• Cervico-Occlusally
• Faciolingually
• Mesiodistally
Root
• Cervicoapically
• Faciolingually
• Mesiodistally
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Line angle
• Formed by Union of Two surfaces
• Anterior 06 Line angles
• Posterior 08 Line angles
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Point angle
• Formed by Union of Three surfaces
• Anterior 04 Point angles
• Posterior 04 Point angles
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Landmarks
• Cusp • Tubercle • Cingulum • Ridge Marginal ridge Triangular ridge Transverse ridge Oblique ridge
• Fossa • Sulcus • Groove Developmental groove Supplemental groove • Pit • Lobe
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Cusp
• A cusp is an elevation or mound on the crown portion of a tooth making up a divisional part of the occlusal surface.
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Mamelon
• Any one of the three rounded protuberances on the incisal ridges of newly erupted incisor teeth.
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Tubercle
• It is a smaller elevation on the crown produced by extra formation of enamel.
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Cingulum
• A cingulum or girdle is the lingual lobe of an anterior tooth & makes up the bulk of the cervical third of the lingual surface.
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Lobe
• It is one of the primary section of formation in the development of the crown.
• Cusps & mamelons are representative of lobes.
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Ridge
• A ridge is any linear elevation on the surface of a tooth & is named according to its location. (buccal, marginal, or incisal)
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Labial ridge
• Running cervicoincisally at the centre of the labial surface
• Prominent in maxillary canines
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Buccal ridge
• Running cervico-occlusally in premolars buccal aspect
• Prominent in first premolar
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Lingual ridge
• Running cervicoincisally at the centre of the lingual surface
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Linguoincisal ridge
• Running mesiodistally in the lingual surface at incisal third
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Cusp ridge
• Inclined surface that forms an angle at cusp tip
• Also known as Cusp Arm
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Marginal ridges
• Marginal ridges are those rounded borders of enamel that form the mesial & distal margins of the occlusal surfaces of premolars & molars,& lingual surfaces of incisors & canines.
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Triangular ridge
• Ridges that descend from the tips of the cusps of molars & premolars toward the central part of the occlusal surfaces.
• Slopes of each side of the ridge are inclined to resemble two sides of a triangle.
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Transverse ridge
• A transverse ridge is the union of two triangular ridges transversely crossing .the surface of a posterior tooth .
• Form by joining buccal & lingual triangular ridges.
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Oblique ridge
• A ridge obliquely crossing the occlusal surfaces of maxillary molars & formed by the union of
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Fossa
• It is an irregular depression /concavity .
Lingual fossae
Central fossae
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Sulcus
• It is a long depression or valley on the surface of a tooth between ridges & cusps, the inclines of which meet at an angle
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Developmental groove
• It is a shallow groove or line between the primary parts of the crown or root.
Supplemental grooves
Buccal groove
Lingual groove
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Pit
• It is a small pinpoint depression located at the junction of developmental grooves
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