Dent Mat History

8/12/2019 Dent Mat History

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RHEYMO M. CORONADO DMD, MPH

INSTRUCTOR



Historical Use of Restorative

Materials Principal Goal of Dentistry is to maintain or improve

the quality of life of the dental patient

Accomplished through:

1. Preventing diseases

2. Relieving pain

3. Improving mastication efficiency

4. Enhancing speech5. Improving appearance

Replacement or alteration of toothstructure=biocompatible prosthetic material



Tooth Replacements:

1. Animal teeth

2. Human teeth3. Seashells

4. Ivory

5. Bone6. Hydroxyapatite

7. Cobalt-chronium alloy

8. Titanium (implants)



Four Material Groups used in dentistry

1. Metals

2. Ceramics3. Polymers

4. Composites

Holy Grail of Restorative Dentistry = bonds permanentlyto all tooth structure & initiates tissue repair



Early Mayans and Aztecs- used hammered gold inlaysas tooth replacements and decorative ornaments

600 AD Mayans- used implants of seashells in anteriorteeth.

700 BC Etruscans- tooth implant materials

800 BC Etruscans- gold bands for construction ofpartial dentures

2500 BC Phonecians- gold band and wires for partialdentures

3000 BC Egyptians- tooth doctors as medical specialist



1728- beginning of medern dentistry

Fauchard- father of modern dentistry

Published a treatise describing many types of dentalrestorations including a method for makingimpressions of the mouth in wax, tooth model ofplaster of paris.

1792 de Chamant- patented a process for constructionof porcelain teeth.

Early 1800- porcelain inlays

1915 flourides- introduced to prevent tooth

demineralization ( Colorado, Water Supply) 1935 polymerized acrylic resin- denture base material

1944 Flouridation( 1PPM)- 50 % decrease in toothdecay ( fl releasing restoration pit and fissure sealants)



1895 GV Black- first important awakening of scientificinterest, the research studies on amalgam at the same timeincluding porcelain and gold foil

1919 National Bureau of Standards- set up specifications forthe evaluation and selection of dental amalgams for use infederal service

( National Institute of Standards and Technology)

1920 Wilmer Souder- published his findings on dentalamalgam and later on dental wrought gold materials,casting gold alloys and accessory casting materials

1928 ADA research associates-Wilmer Souder, George C.Paffenbarger and William Sweeney (Pioneer Researchers)

at the National Bureau of Standards as assumed by ADA , whose work began a new era of intense research in the fieldof dental materials, prompted the first courses in dentalmaterials in dental schools of the US and abroad



1980’s- dentin bonding agents, resin modified,GIC

1990’s- composites, compomers

2000’s- nanotechnology materials

Evaluation Programs



ADA Acceptance Program

1965 at NIST- formulated standards or specifications for

dental materials 1966- as ADA assumed responsibility, initiated the

certification of products that meet the requirements

ADA(est.1859) council on dental materials and devices(Council on Scientific Affairs)

Identify the requirements for the physical and chemicalproperties of a material that ensure satisfactoryperformance

The Acceptance Program of the Council on Scientific

Affairs- incorporates specifications in the evaluation ofdental products

“ADA Accepted”-product classification that was tested forcompliance with specification requirements passes



The Acceptance Program of the Council on Scientific Affairs- func as

1. standards development,2. certification of products,

3. identify the requirements for the physical andchemical properties,

4. tests products for compliance with specificationrequirements,

5. also the administrative sponsor of a standards-

formulating committee under the American NationalStandards Institute.

6. Evaluates drugs and therapeutic agents and dental x-rays.



The Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) MD156-develops specifications for all dental materials and

devices with the exception of drugs and x-rays. Flow of Approval of Acceptance

1. Subcommittees of ASC MD156 comes specifications

2. American National Standards Institute

3. Becomes an American national standard

4. The council on scientific affairs accepts

5. ADA specification



Seal of Acceptance Procedure1. Formulation of Specification2. Manufacturer submits certification of products

3. Testing4. Publication of results5. Seal of Acceptance- Important symbol of a dental product’s safety and

effectiveness

- The first seal of acceptance awarded in 1931Qualifying for ADA seal of Acceptance- takes 3 months to be awarded-lasts for 5 years then reevaluated

Provisional Acceptance:awarded to products that lacksufficient evidence to justify acceptance but there isreasonable evidence of safety and is reviewed yearly up to3 years.



Federal Regulations and Standards

May 28,1976 US Food and Drug Administration(1906)-

regulatory authority to protect the public from hazardousor ineffective medical and dental devices.

Medical Device Amendments of 1976- requires theclassification and regulation of all noncustomized medicaldevices that are intended for human use

Device- any instrument, apparatus, implement, machine,contrivance, implant or in vitro reagent used in thediagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention ofdisease in man and which does not achieve any of its

principal intended purposes through chemical action within or on the body of man or other animals and which isnot dependent upon being metabolized for theachievement of any of its principal intended purposes.



FDA committees

The Dental Products Panel- identifies any knownhazards or problems and places the item into one ofthree classification based on relative risk factors.

1. Class I- low risk devices and subject to generalcontrols like adherence to good manufacturingpractices and certain record-keeping requirements.

2. Class II- inadequate general controls to ensure safetyand effectiveness as claimed by the manufacturer.Therefore are required to meet performancestandards established by the FDA or the ADA.

3. Class III- most stringent category, requires that thedevice be approved for safety and effectivenessbefore it is marketed.( all implanted or lifesupporting devices)



International Standards Two Organizations:

a. Federacion Dentaire Internationale(FDI)- initiated andsupported a program for the formulation of internationalspecifications for dental materials

b. International Organization for Standardization(ISO) – aninternational, nongovernmental organization whose

objective is the development of international standards.Composed of national standards organizations frommore than 80 countries.

TC106-Dentistry ( ISO Committee) is the FDI standard forDental materials to be ISO standards- responsible for

standardizing terminology and test methods and todetermine specifications for dental materials,instruments, appliances and equipment.

The dentist is provided with criteria for selection that are impartial and reliable.



Other Standards Organizations 1936 The Australian Dental Standards Laboratory- led by

H.K. Worner and A.R. Docking

1973 Common Wealth Bureau of Dental Standards

Other countries with similar Organizations1. Canada

2. Japan3. France4. Czech Republic5. Germany6. Hungary

7. Israel8. India9. Poland10. South Africa



1973 Nordisk Institutt forOdontologisk MaterialProving (NIOM)- Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Iceland,Norway aka. Scandinivian Institute of Dental

Materials

Comite Europeen de Normalisation (CEN)- establihedTask group 55 to develop European standards

Medical devices used in dentistry- term used fordental materials, dental implants, dental instrumentsand dental equipments.



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Dent Mat History

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