Density Discussion of the pressures and impacts from high (and low) population densities Impacts...
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![Page 1: Density Discussion of the pressures and impacts from high (and low) population densities Impacts from the requirements generated by dense populations.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e404/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Density
• Discussion of the pressures and impacts from high (and low) population densities
• Impacts from the requirements generated by dense populations in small areas
– recreation tends to be under pressure and therefore different responses evolve
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Population Density and Golf(98)
• Canada - density about 5 per km2
• USA - density about 24 per km2
• Japan - density about 292 per km2
• 1,800 golf courses ..
• 14,400 golf courses .
• 1,850 golf courses
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Golf in Japan
• In 1957 Japanese golfers won the world cup - the popularity of the sport exploded
• In 1998 Japan was the second largest market in the world for golf equipment
• In a population of 120 million only 2% can play with any regularity
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Pressure
• Public greens fees start at $250 (US)– golfers can purchase rain insurance
• Private clubs start an initiation fee at $200,000
• Tokyo’s Koganei Club has an initiation fee of $2.5 million (US)
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Response
• Multi-storied driving ranges and driving ranges on the roofs of high rise office towers
• Computerized indoor golf courses
• Travel - to the USA (esp. Hawaii) and BC
• Buy courses
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• From 1994 to 1997 Japanese companies spent over $2 Billion (US) acquiring US golf courses
• Japanese firms control all of Hawaii’s golf courses
• Japanese money is a key player in the PGA, LPGA, and USPGA tours
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Vital Rates
• Birth and Death rates in a society– rates at which people are added (through natality)
or subtracted (through mortality)– usually expressed per 1,000 pop.
• No accounting of age or sex– important - link with pressure on facility
development within and outside recreation
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Sex Ratios
• Number of males to 100 females in a society
– expectation of balance
• imbalance - more males in earlier years, leveling out in the 40’s and female dominance after
– link to higher death rates for males and link to activity choice and expectations
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Age Splits
• Distribution amongst age groups
• Expectation of variance
• Link - age to patterns and characteristics (of recreational choices and participation)
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Dependency Ratios• Two major ratios are OADR (old age dependency
ratio) and YDR (youth dependency ratio)– Comparison to the ‘working population’ aged
15 - 64
• Combination in the TDR (total dependency ratio
• All have links to facility development
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Population Pyramids
• Double bar graph that looks at age and sex
– advantage in simplicity
• graph split into a left half (males) and a right half (females)
• the vertical axis represents age groupings (link to census)
• the horizontal axis deals with population numbers or % of population
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Example Pyramids
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Advantages
1 Easy to read
2 Quick impressions
3 Large ‘scars’ or differences show up well
4 Has ‘sense’ of prediction built in
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Disadvantages
1 Small differences do not ‘jump out’
2 Utility declines for small, volatile (migration) areas
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Understanding of specific groups of populations
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Small area populationsCounty (pop. 1,670) - Florida
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Predictive QualitiesCanada - 2038
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Canadian Populationto the 90’s
• The history of population growth in Canada has been one of ebbs and flows
– migrants enter in waves through ‘attractive’ times
– migrants dribble away in less ‘attractive’ times
• 1851 - 1951 7.1 million immigrants 7.1 million immigrants but 6.6 million emigrants6.6 million emigrants
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Traditional Comprehension
• The Vital Rates are key to understanding the system
– major factor is the CBR
– migration has impact but is more an influence on CBR, sex ratios, and age structure
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Implications for Recreation
• Massive changes in recreational patterns (participation and selection of activities
– impact on the construction of facilities