Demographic Challenges &

Development GoalsPresented By : Shreekant G Kadam (XMBA -58)

Source’s : Index mundi website Thesis by Johan Lindén -

Mälardalen University Economic & Political Weekly

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IntroductionDefinition : Demography is the Scientific Study of Human Population.Demographic Drivers: Fertility, Mortality, and Immigration3 Phenomenon in Demography Change in population Size – Growth

or Decline Composition of Population Distribution of population in Space

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Future population trends in Asian developing countries - UN• World population

will fluctuate around 11 billion in 2200

• Increased critically in the period from 1900 to 2010

• Expected to reach its peak in 2020s

• Age-structure• Fertility rate

World population 1800 – 2100

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IndiaSize: 2,973,190 sq kmPopulation: 1.27

billion(2014)Languages: National –

Hindi (14 other official languages)-English enjoys Associate Status.

Multi Ethnic, Multi Religious; Pluralistic Society

Largest Democracy.

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India – Demographic Details (2014)Population 1.27 Billion (2014 est.)

Age structure 0-14 years: 28.5% (male 187,016,401/female 165,048,695), 15-24 years: 18.1% (male 118,696,540/female 105,342,764), 25-54 years: 40.6% (male 258,202,535/female 243,293,143), 55-64 years: 7% (male 43,625,668/female 43,175,111),65 years and over: 5.8% (male 34,133,175/female 37,810,599) (2014 est.)

Median age total: 27 years ,male: 26.4 years , female: 27.7 years (2014 est.)

Population growth rate

1.25% (2014 est.)

Total fertility rate 2.51 children born/woman (2014 est.)Birth rate 19.89 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)Death rate 7.35 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)Net migration rate -0.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)Urbanization urban population: 31.3% of total population (2011)

rate of urbanization: 2.47% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Major cities - population

NEW DELHI (capital) 22.654 million; Mumbai 19.744 million; Kolkata 14.402 million; Chennai 8.784 million; Bangalore 8.614 million; Hyderabad 7.837 million (2011)

Sex ratio at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female ,0-14 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.13 male(s)/female, 25-54 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female, 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

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ChallengesEconomic Challenges

Capital Dilution Employment and Literacy. Stressed/Over Utilization of resources. Starvation & Malnutrition. Land/Space Occupancy. Standard of Living

Environmental Challenges Global Warming Air Pollution Water Pollution Food Resources

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Development Goals• Investments – Generation of employment

Manufacturing Community, Social and Personal Services Agriculture Electricity Mining & Quarrying Infrastructure

• Skills o White Collar - Well understood across the Worldo Grey Collar – The knowledge worker, which includes ICT Skills,

problem solving, analytical and effective communication skills.o Blue Collar – Shop floor work in the manufacturing and service

sector.o Rust Collar – Skilled worker at the grass root level in currently

unorganized and un-benchmarked sectors like – Construction, Agriculture and related trades.

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To Summarize...

India has the unique opportunity to: • Complement what an ageing world needs the most -- Productive Workers.

• Provide investment opportunities for ageing population to earn high levels

of post –retirement income.8

What we need is a……. Thought Shift

• We need a “thought shift ” from employment to employability ; from providing fish to teaching how to fish.

• Our progress will not be worth the trip if we do not give a majority of our people the strength and self esteem that comes with a job .

• The Journey has just Begun…..

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Thank You

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