Demographic Transition Model

Demographic TransitionOccurs in 4 stage

These stages track a countries level of development Predicts the stability, growth or decline of the number

of people in a population

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Countries in Stage 1

CharacteristicsLow growthHave high birth rates and high death ratesThe population is stable ( not growing) found in Pre-Industrial SocietiesEx: indigenous communities ( Pre-Agricultural Revolution)

ReasonsLack of clean water, sanitation, medical care, educationLack of family planning (use, access or need)

Countries in Stage 2

CharacteristicsHigh growthBirth rate remains highdeath rate is fallingPopulation grows steadilyEx Yemen, Afghanistan, Laos, Swaziland, Bangladesh

Reasons2nd Agricultural Revolution Industrialization beginsMedical care Improves (just a little bit)Family planning still not widely used

Countries in Stage 3Characteristics

Decreasing growth Birth Rates (Natality) fall

Infant Mortality Rates Decline Death Rates (Mortality) fall

However Population is still growing Industrialization continues Urbanization Increases EX: Mexico, Colombia, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Saudi Arabia,

Iraq, Libya

Reasons Cultural shift- people begin to favor small families Status of Women Rises

Family planning available Education- Literacy Rates increase for both women and men Healthcare and Sanitation improves

Increased standard of living

Countries in Stage 4Characteristics

Low growthBirth rates very low Death rates very low Population is steady or shrinking

EX: Japan, Canada, China, most of Europe

ReasonsHigh standard of livingHealthcare and Sanitation widely available (long life expectancy)

Elevated status of Women More women in the labor forceCultural attitudes favor smaller familiesEducation more readily accessible

Demographic Transition Model

Preindustrial Stage

Early ExpandingStage

Late ExpandingStage

PostindustrialStage

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Growth Rate over TimeGrowth Rate over Time

Low Increasing High Decreasing Low

Link to Population Pyramids

Link to Population Pyramids?

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Link to Population Pyramids?

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