Demographic Transition Model
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Transcript of Demographic Transition Model
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Demographic Transition Model
Why does population grow faster in some places than in others?
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Demographic: Think population Transition: Think change
In order to understand this concept, you must be comfortable with this vocabulary: CBR, CDR, NIR, Infant mortality,
revolution
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All places have seen changes in natural increase, fertility, and mortality rates
These occur at different times in different parts of the world
The DTM has four stages of population growth No country today is Stage 1. LDCs are in Stages 2 and 3 MDCs are in Stage 4
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STAGE ONE: LOW GROWTH Early human societies
to about 1750.
Birth rates and death rates were roughly equal
Infant mortality was high
Since CBR and CDR were about the same, natural increase was low
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STAGE ONE
Population grew toward the end of Stage One because of the AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION, when humans used agriculture for the first time.
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STAGE TWO: HIGH GROWTH
CDR drops dramatically
CBR remains about the same
Since CBR > CDR, population grows
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CAUSES OF STAGE TWO Industrial Revolution
Europe, U.S., Canada
Being able to make products quickly led to greater wealth—being able to ensure supplies of food.
1750s-1800s
Medical Revolution Africa, Asia, Latin America
Improved medical practices in Europe diffused to Africa, Asia, and Latin America
This cut down on tradition forms of death from disease
Mid 1900s
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STAGE THREE: MODERATE GROWTH A country is in Stage 3
when the CBR and TFR start to drop rapidly.
The drop is a result of social customs, not technological changes.
People in Stage 3 countries are likely to live in cities and no longer need large families.
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STAGE FOUR: LOW GROWTH
Stage 4 countries have CBRs that are nearly equal to CDRs.
NIR drops to near zero, a condition called ZERO POPULATION GROWTH (ZPG).
ZPG means that the TFR is around 2.1, the replacement rate
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WHY DO COUNTRIES REACH STAGE FOUR? Women’s
education and work Fewer children for
working women First children are
born later in life (after college), leaving less time to produce more.
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REASONS FOR STAGE 4
Birth control and Family Planning Use of
contraceptives—including condoms and “the pill” help prevent pregnancy
More money and free time=attending events without children Travel overseas Attending plays and
shows Dining at
restaurants
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STAGE 2 POPULATION PYRAMID
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STAGE 3 POPULATION PYRAMID
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STAGE 4 POPULATION PYRAMID