Democratization in Libya
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Transcript of Democratization in Libya
Democratization in Libya
Pastrana, Mary Grace B.IV-BSITE
HISTORY• How and when it
started?• When Muammar Gaddafi’s Administration (1969 to 2011) brought down.
• Died on October 20, 2011 during the Battle at Sirte
HISTORY
ANTI-GADAFFI FORCES• National Transitional Council
- Feb. 27, 2011
• NATO forces intervened
- March 21, 2011
HISTORY
• Turnout at 62% of registered voters
• 2.8 million registered voters from around 3-3.5 million eligible
• 374 party lists
• 559 women registered for party seats (44%)
(source: The UN and the Libyan Electoral High Commission)
• In July 2012, Libyans voted in its first national election
HISTORY• National Forces Alliance,
led by ex-interim Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril
Justice and Construction PartyLibyan Muslim Brotherhood of Mohamed Sawan
National Front Partya liberal group led by an intellectual Mohamed el-Magariaf
Most powerful forces:
HISTORY
• Ali Zeidan, Prime Minister of Libya( a former diplomat who abandoned Gaddafi’s forces in the
1980s)
• Mohammed Magarief, Libya's head of state
• Total Area: 1,759,540 sq km• Population: 6,002,347 (July 2013 est)
• Religon: Sunni Muslim 97%Other 3%
DEMOGRAPHICS
Location:Northern Africa,
bordering the Mediterranean
Sea, between Egypt Egypt and Tunisia
DEMOGRAPHICS
Who are the parties
involved?
DEMOGRAPHICS
Muammar Guaddafi Anti-Gaddafi Forces
NATO Forces International Criminal
Court
ECONOMIC FACTORS
ECONOMIC FACTORS
• Libya sits on the biggest reserves of oil in Africa.
• Oil and gas production account for: 65 % of the country’s GDP, 96 % of exports, and 98 % of government revenues
ECONOMIC FACTORS
• Current Unemployment Rate: 30%
• Majority of those employed are working in the public sector and the government
hopes to reduce this by relocating workers into the private sector.
POLITICAL GROUPS
• National Forces Alliance
• Justice and Construction Party (Libyan Muslim Brotherhood)
• National Front Party
POLITICAL FACTORS
• (Election was held )
General National Congress
to replace NTC.
• NTC officially dissolved.
• July 7, 2012
• August 8, 2012
POLITICAL FACTORS• National Transitional Council
issued a Constitutional Declaration.
• August 3, 2011 (37 articles)• A 01-06 : Libya as a State• A 07-15: Civil rights and Public Freedom• A 16-29: Operation of the Government• A 30-32: Judiciary• A 33-37: Conclusive Provisions
PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS
Relationship between Libya and
UK Higher Education• TVET UK signed an Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) with Libyan Board.“to help build the necessary and appropriate industrial trades and technical skills capability and capacity for current and future of Libya”
PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS
Relationship between Libya and
UK Higher Education
• Training for Libya’s young population. (70 percent are under the age of 30)
PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS
• Includes 160 Libyan expertso Get rid of subjects like Al-Mujtama Al
Jamahariya (studying of “green book”)o Changes in geography subjecto Add Islamic Consciosness Subject
Rewriting of Curriculum
PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS
• Language Training
7,009 Libyans studying overseas at the tertiary level in 2010 (UK, Malaysia, US,
France, Canada)
• Libyans Studying Abroad
PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS
Scholarship Programs
Overseas scholarship program (Libyan Committee for Higher Education)
Libyan-North American Scholarship Program (Canadian Bureau for
International Education )
PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS
• Libya is also developing information technology infrastructures:o to better connect universities, ando provide access to academic research
databases.
RELIGION• Religious Freedom
• Islam• Christians• Catholics• Anglicans
Thank you
Pastrana, Mary Grace B.IV-BSITE