Democratization In 1900, there were no states with universal adult suffrage--today more than half...
Transcript of Democratization In 1900, there were no states with universal adult suffrage--today more than half...
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Democratization
In 1900, there were no states with universal adult suffrage--today
more than half do
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Huntington’s Waves of Democracy--first wave 1828-1926
• Before WWI: U.S., Britain and settler colonies, France, Scandinavia, Italy, Argentina
• Then after WWI, post-Imperial Europe:• Weimar Germany, Poland, Austria, Baltics, Czechoslovakia, plus
Spain, Chile
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First reverse wave 1922-42
• Fascism, Soviet expansion
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Second Wave 1943-62
• Fall of fascism
• Germany, Italy, Austria, Japan
• and many others--Korea, several in Latin America, India, Nigeria
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Second reverse wave 1958-1973
• tensions of cold war, failures of new democracies, one-party model, rise of “bureaucratic authoritarianism”
• Greece, Turkey, Philippines, Korea, Indonesia, India, Africa, Latin America
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Third Wave--1974-
• Last non-Communist European non-democracies fall--Spain, Portugal, Greece
• Latin American non-democracies transition out
• Asia--Taiwan, Korea, Philippines, India, etc.
• Fall of Communism
• South Africa, Nigeria
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Who left?
• China and some of Asia
• Most of Africa
• Most Muslim nations
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What contributes to countries becoming democratic?
• culture
• education
• wealth• --based on commerce and a middle class, not resources
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The End of History?
• Communism, Fascism discredited
• only democracy legitimate?
• other possibilities?
• Islamic fundamentalist?
• Asian values?• community and family over individual
• order and harmony over personal freedom
• Is democracy a universal good?
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Putnam on Social Capital• measuring governmental effectiveness in Italy• wealth• education• social capital
• same results in America--the heart of social capital
• places/people with social capital are wealthier, healthier, happier, and more democratic
• disappearance of social capital--Bowling Alone