DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a...
-
Upload
timothy-sherman -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a...
DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY
The Caning The Caning of of Senator Senator SumnerSumnerCharles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery (and Senator Andrew Butler).
Charles Sumner – Massachusetts Senator 1851-1874
The Caning The Caning of of Senator Senator SumnerSumnerPreston Brooks, South Carolina Senator, uses a walking stick to beat Sumner in an effort to “defend his “defend his uncle’s honor”. uncle’s honor”.
The Caning of Senator SumnerSumner is absent for 3 years; empty chair reminder of violence
The Caning of Senator Sumner
Brooks resigns;
Southern supporters send him new canes
- Asks the question; Can this be resolved peacefully?
Remember Lawrence, Kansas? Ruins of Free State Hotel after Sacking of Lawrence. Sheriff Jones collected a posse of 750 southerners to enter Lawrence, disarm the citizens, wreck the press, and destroy the Free State Hotel. The two printing offices were hacked, the presses destroyed, and the types thrown in the river. Several kegs of gunpowder were exploded within, with no appreciable damage to the walls, so the structure was burned. There was one fatality, a slavery proponent killed by falling masonry.
This is important….
If this could happen in Congress…
This could happen anywhere!
Dred Scott – Dred Scott – slave in slave in MissouriMissouri
John Emerson, owner, moves them to Illinois
Dred Scott Decision (1857)
Dred Scott Decision
Dred Scott – Dred Scott – slave in slave in MissouriMissouri
John John Emerson, Emerson, owner, owner, moves them moves them to Illinoisto Illinois
Scott sues Scott sues for his for his freedom freedom “Am I not “Am I not a man?”a man?”
Missouri State CourthouseMissouri State Courthouse
Dred Scott Decision (1857)
Roger Taney Roger Taney
Supreme Court rulesSupreme Court rules
AGAINSTAGAINST Dred ScottDred Scott
Dred Scott Dred Scott
His case was based on the fact that he and his wife Harriet were slaves, but had lived in states and territories where slavery was illegal, including Illinois and Wisconsin, which was then part of the Louisiana Purchase. The court ruled seven to two against Scott, finding that neither he, nor any person of African ancestry, could claim citizenship in the United States, and that therefore Scott could not bring suit in federal court under diversity of citizenship rules. Moreover, Scott's temporary residence outside Missouri did not affect his emancipation under the Missouri Compromise, since reaching that result would deprive Scott's owner of his property.
African Americans cannot - Sue in federal - Sue in federal courtcourt-Be legal citizens of the U.S.- See Hope slip - See Hope slip away; kills away; kills opportunities of opportunities of equality equality
Dred Scott Decision (1857)
National Park Service, Jefferson National Expansion National Park Service, Jefferson National Expansion MemorialMemorialA plaque in St. Louis that commemorates Dred and A plaque in St. Louis that commemorates Dred and Harriet Scott.Harriet Scott.
What is the impact of this What is the impact of this decision?decision?
SLAVERY CAN GO ANYWHERE!!SLAVERY CAN GO ANYWHERE!!
Remember… It’s not too lateRemember… It’s not too late
To turn things around!!!To turn things around!!!
STATEMENTS BEYOND THE LAW!STATEMENTS BEYOND THE LAW!
NAT TURNER’S REVOLT NAT TURNER’S REVOLT 1831 1831
Nat started with a few trusted fellow
slaves traveling from house to house.
Because the rebels did not want to alert
anyone to their presence as they carried out their
attacks, they initially used knives,
hatchets, axes, and blunt instruments
instead of firearms. Before Nat and his brigade of rebels
met resistance at the hands of a white
militia. Nat Turner's rebellion was
suppressed within 48 hours, but Nat
eluded capture until October 30 when he
was discovered hiding in a cave and then taken to court.
Leads 40 – 50 slaves in a revolt killing 55 whites in Virginia
NAT TURNER’S NAT TURNER’S REVOLT 1831REVOLT 1831
- Turner is caught, and hung
NAT TURNER’S NAT TURNER’S REVOLT 1831REVOLT 1831
NAT NAT TURNER’TURNER’S S REVOLT REVOLT 18311831
- Harsh codes - Harsh codes for slaves are for slaves are put in place to put in place to restrict their restrict their activities activities
JOHN BROWN’S RAID JOHN BROWN’S RAID AT HARPER’S FERRY AT HARPER’S FERRY
BEFORE POTAWATOMIE CREEK: I836, Franklin Mills, Ohio (now Kent). The Panic of 1837 (Remember the laissez faire approach of Martin Van Buren) hit his family hard. He borrowed money to buy land and operate a tannery. Losing money on State bonds, Brown was even jailed when he attempted to retain ownership of a farm by occupying it against the claims of the new owner. Brown also tried selling sheep and trading cattle in an attempt to get out of debt. He eventually moved to Kansas to try to help it become a “Free Soil” State.
John John Brown, Brown, white white Ohioan, Ohioan, AbolitionisAbolitionist, an t, an “Instrume“Instrument of God”nt of God”
JOHN BROWN’S RAID JOHN BROWN’S RAID AT HARPER’S FERRY AT HARPER’S FERRY
Brown Brown grew a grew a beard beard partly as partly as a a disguise disguise after the after the PottawattPottawattamie amie Creek Creek Massacre Massacre as he as he and his and his sons sons were were fugitives fugitives from the from the law for law for several several years. years.
Disguise
-He and 18 He and 18 followers followers take over a take over a military military arsenal in arsenal in Virginia, Virginia,
JOHN JOHN BROWN’S BROWN’S RAID AT RAID AT HARPER’S HARPER’S FERRY FERRY
The armory was a large complex of buildings that contained 100,000 muskets and rifles, which Brown planned to seize and use to arm local slaves. They would then head south, drawing off more and more slaves from plantations, and fighting only in self-defense.
Brown had a Brown had a Connecticut Connecticut Blacksmith Blacksmith create 1,000 create 1,000 of these iron of these iron pikes to give pikes to give to slaves to to slaves to use in the use in the raid.raid.
JOHN JOHN BROWBROWN’S N’S RAID RAID AT AT HARPHARPER’S ER’S FERRFERRY Y
On October 16, 1859, Brown (leaving three men behind as a rear guard) led 19 men in an attack on the Harpers Ferry Armory. He had received 200 breech loading .52 caliber Sharps carbines and pikes from northern abolitionist societies in preparation for the raid.
I will deplete Virginia of its slaves, causing the institution to collapse in one county after another, until the movement spread into the South, essentially wreaking havoc on the economy of the pro-slavery states!
The spot was chosen by Brown because of the Potomac River and The spot was chosen by Brown because of the Potomac River and the Shenandoah River met there and a Railroad came through, as the Shenandoah River met there and a Railroad came through, as well the access to weapons. well the access to weapons.
JOHN BROWN’S RAID JOHN BROWN’S RAID AT HARPER’S FERRY AT HARPER’S FERRY
-He and 18 followers take over a He and 18 followers take over a military arsenal in Virginia, cuts military arsenal in Virginia, cuts telegraphs, 5 deadtelegraphs, 5 dead
Initially, the raid went well, and they met no resistance entering the town. They cut the telegraph wires and easily captured the armory, which was being defended by a single watchman. They next rounded up hostages from nearby farms, including Colonel Lewis Washington, great-grand-nephew of George Washington. They also spread the news to the local slaves that their liberation was at hand. Things started to go wrong when an eastbound Baltimore & Ohio train approached the town. The train's baggage master tried to warn the passengers. Brown's men yelled for him to halt and then opened fire. The baggage master, Hayward Shepherd, became the first casualty of John Brown's war against slavery. Ironically, Shepherd was a free black man. {Two of the hostages slaves also died in the raid. [12]}For some reason, after the shooting of Shepherd, Brown allowed the train to continue on its way. News of the raid reached Washington by late morning.
-Hoped slaves would join raid, plan Hoped slaves would join raid, plan failedfailed
- Robert E. Lee, federal - Robert E. Lee, federal officer of U.S. army, puts officer of U.S. army, puts
down revolt along with local down revolt along with local militiasmilitias
JOHN BROWN’S RAID AT HARPER’S FERRY
By morning (October 18) the engine house, later known as John Brown's Fort, was surrounded by a company of U.S. Marines under the command of Lt. Col. Robert E. Lee of the United States Army. A young Army lieutenant, J.E.B. Stuart, approached under a white flag and told the raiders that their lives would be spared if they surrendered. Brown refused, saying, "No, I prefer to die here." Stuart then gave a signal. The Marines used sledge hammers and a make-shift battering-ram to break down the engine room door. Lieutenant Israel Greene cornered Brown and struck him several times, wounding his head. In three minutes Brown and the survivors were captives-with two marine casualties-one killed and one wounded. Altogether Brown's men killed four people, and wounded nine.
-Brown Brown is is
tried; tried; found found guilty guilty
of of treasotreaso
n, n, Brown was injured badly during the raid and needed Brown was injured badly during the raid and needed help standing help standing
-Brown Brown is is
tried; tried; found found guilty guilty
of of treasotreaso
n, n, Brown was injured badly during the raid and needed Brown was injured badly during the raid and needed help standing help standing
-Brown is
tried, found guilty
of treaso
n, hange
d
Would Would the the South South be be more more worrieworried d about about Brown’Brown’s s revolt revolt or or TurnerTurner’s ’s RevoltRevolt??
Because Because of of
Brown’s Brown’s Raid, the Raid, the
South South Begins to Begins to
form form militias! militias!
WAS BROWN JUSTIFIED? YOU DECIDE!WAS BROWN JUSTIFIED? YOU DECIDE!
REMEMBER… JOHN REMEMBER… JOHN BROWN BROWN
IS NOT JAMES IS NOT JAMES BROWN!!BROWN!!
The Meteor of the War The Godfather of Soul The Meteor of the War The Godfather of Soul