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Amaia Demaray29 October, 2015Wlf 440 Debate

ESA recovery e orts for the Selkirk caribo sho l! be sto""e!#Side 1: Endangered Species Act recovery eforts or the Selkirk

caribou should be stoppedMain Point 1: Climate change is an underlying cause that limits

habitat availability and orageSelkirk $aribo % Rangifer tarandus caribou & favor fo r !i ere't habitat ty"es

i' correlatio' (ith the seaso's# )he seaso's of co'cer' are the (i'ter

mo'ths a'! the time i' (hich females are calvi'* %Servhee' a'! +yo' 2015&#

D ri'* the (i'ter, caribo favor hi*h elevatio's i' mat re forest sta'!s

beca se it re! ces the s'o("ack '!er the ca'o"y, a'! i'creases the fora*e

availability %Servhee' a'! +yo' 2015&# Dist rba'ce eve'ts, s ch as res, are

a threat to these mat re sta'!s alo'* (ith lo**i'* a'! !evelo"me't# )his

lea!s to a ma'a*eme't co'cer' of im"acts of seral sta'!s %A""s et al#

201-&# .o(ever, there is little s ""orti'* evi!e'ce that caribo have a

hi*her mortality rate i' early/seral sta'!s that is the res lt of "rior

!ist rba'ces %A""s et al# 201-&# 'stea!, the mortality rate is i' e'ce! by

static feat res %A""s et al# 201-&# )aki'* this i'to co'si!eratio', ma'a*ers

ca''ot alter the terrai' or climate i' or!er to better the s rvival of theSelkirk caribo # With the climactic "ress res i' e'ci'* the habitat i' !aho,

Selkirk caribo may be co'ti' ally " she! 'orth i' or!er to '! the

reso rces they 'ee!#

Main Point !: Predation and apparent competition are driving

causes or declines in Selkirk caribou population in "daho )he Selkirk caribo "o" latio' i' !aho has ct ate! from abo t fty/ ve

i'!ivi! als to thirtee' over the !eca!es % a*er et al# 1995, 3isher 200 &#

+o**i'* has bee' attrib te! (ith bei'* a ma or co'trib ti'* factor to

"o" latio' !ecli'e, b t it !oes 'ot co'trib te to it !o to a' i'crease i'

"re!atio' %Wittmer et al# 2005&# 'stea!, the caribo are becomi'* a "art of

a m lti/s"ecies la'!sca"e that co'sists of moose % Alces alces &, m le !eer

%Odocoileus hemionus &, a'! (hite/taile! !eer % Odocoileus vir*i'ia' s& as

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"rey s"ecies i' the ecosystem %A""s et al# 201-&# )he other "rey s"ecies

have !ra(' i' mo 'tai' lio's % Puma Concolor &, *ray (olves % Canus lupis &,

*ri66ly bears % Ursus arctos & a'! black bears % Ursus americanus &7 this has

s bse8 e'tly a!!e! "ress re o' the caribo from the 'orth a'! the so th

%A""s et al#201-&# Deer is the "re!omi'ate "rey s"ecies i' this re*io', a'!

there is co'cer' abo t if the "o" latio' !ecli'es %)he 3orestry $hro'icle

2014&# )he o tcome is s"ec late! to be o'e of t(o thi'*s the (olf

"o" latio' (ill !ecli'e a'! (ill have a lesser im"act o' the caribo , or the

(olf "acks (ill heavily "rey o' the caribo a'! era!icate them from !aho

%)he 3orestry $hro'icle 2014&# $aribo ma'a*eme't (ill have to be

reeval ate to become a m ltis"ecies ma'a*eme't "la' to co 'teract this

e ect %Wittmer et al# 2005&# .o(ever, there is a hi*h cha'ce of " blic

backlash occ rri'* si'ce this (o l! re8 ire either e:tir"ati'* (olves or

havi'* to !rastically re! ce the !eer "o" latio', both of (hich have little

evi!e'ce o' (hat the tr e o tcomes (o l! be %A""s et al# 201-&#

Main Point #: Conserving Selkirk caribou is not cost efective$

especially since there is a larger population in Canada )ra'slocatio' of caribo has bee' attem"te! i' the "as, b t it has o'ly

achieve! a mi'or s ccess i' i'creasi'* "o" latio' si6es %Warre' et al# 199;&#$aribo from !i ere't "o" latio's that e:hibit !i ere't behavioral traits,

te'! to mi*rate back to their home ra'*e, or !ie i' the follo(i'* year or t(o

after bei'* tra'slocate! %Warre' et al# 199;&# ' the 19 0s, si:ty caribo

from <ritish $ol mbia (ere tra'slocate! to !aho i' attem"t to establish a

'e( her! % a*er et al# 1995&# ' the Selkirk mo 'tai's to!ay, there are o'ly

1- !esce'!a'ts from that a *me'te! hear! % a*er et al# 1995&#

)ra'slocati'* caribo (ithi' a close "ro:imity to a'other her! le! to a hi*her

s ccess, b t there (as still a t(e'ty/o'e "erce't mortality attrib te! to

mal'o rishme't %Warre' et al# 199;&# )he estimate! cost of caribo

co'servatio' is =2; millio' over seve' years i' !aho %>ramer 2014&#

.o(ever, the co'servatio' im"act e:te'!s i'to s rro '!i'* comm 'ities#

With the "ro"ose! critical habitat area, the !aho De"artme't of +a'!s % D+&

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is be e:"ecte! to lose =2- millio' i' !ollars i' reve' e a'! (o l! for*o

'early 2,000 obs over thirty years %?roeschl 2012&# 'cl !i'* the fore*o'e

i'come from sai! obs, the total *oo!s a'! services lost totals =2 5 millio'

!ollars i' the 'orther' !aho eco'omy %?roeschl 2012&#A ro *h "o" latio' a'alysis for the mo 'tai' caribo "o" latio' i' Alberta,$a'a!a has estimate! "o" latio' si6es to be bet(ee' -,;00 to ;,@00

i'!ivi! als a'! is liste! as threate'e! i' that co 'try % c+o *hli' et al#

200-&# Eve' tho *h the "o" latio's i' that area are !ecli'i'* at a rate of

*reater tha' t(e'ty "erce't over three !eca!es, the 'ter'atio'al B'io' for

the $o'servatio' of Cat re % B$C& states that o'ly "o" latio's !ecli'i'* at a

rate of *reater tha' fty "erce't over three *e'eratio's ca' be ca'!i!ate for

bei'* liste! e'!a'*ere! % c+o *hli' et al# 200-&# )he s"ecies i' $a'a!a !o'ot t this criteria, a'! have the "ote'tial to become stable (ith better

ma'a*eme't "ractices % c+o *hli' et al# 200-&# 'stea! of s"e'!i'* mo'ey

to co'! ct research o' the small "o" latio' i' !aho, the mo'ey sho l! be

i'veste! i'to har'essi'* better relatio's (ith the $a'a!a ma'a*ers i' or!er

to s stai' the healthier "o" latio' i' $a'a!a i'stea! of tryi'* to kee" a si'k

"o" latio' alive (ith tra'slocate! caribo % c+o *hli' et al# 200-, a*er et

al# 1995&#

Main Point %: &here are many stakeholders in 'orthern "daho that

(ill be impacted by the Selkirk critical habitat range<o''ers $o 'ty, (hich resi!es 'ear the Selkirk mo 'tai's, is a hi*hly

!esire! (i'ter recreatio' !esti'atio' for s'o( mobili'* %O S lliva' 2012&# O'

avera*e, i'!ivi! als i'vest =50,000 to =100,000 i' this s"ort (ith the 'otio'

of tili6i'* the la'! %O S lliva' 2012&# )he "ro"ose! critical habitat area of

-@5,000 (ill heavily re! ce the area for recreatio' %O S lliva' 2012&# O'e

factor that the stakehol!ers are hol!i'* o'to is the i'itial listi'* criteria of

the Selkirk caribo bei'* a !isti'ct "o" latio' se*me't %D S& bei'*

'veri able for bei'* liste! %3isher 200 &# )he OFce of S"ecies $o'servatio'

re"lie! to the B#S# 3ish a'! Wil!life Service %BS3WS& by ar* i'* that the D S

of caribo i' !aho is 'either !iscrete 'or si*'i ca't to the Gs"ecies to (hich

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is belo'*sH %200 &# ' a!!itio' to that, the OFce f rther ar* es this "oi't by

stati'*, G)he e'!a'*ere! Selkirk population is the mo 'tai' ecoty"e# <oth

ecoty"es I(oo!la'! a'! mo 'tai'J are (ithi' the same subspecies 7 there is

'o genetic distinction bet(ee' caribo i'habiti'* the 'orther' ecoty"e a'!

those i'habiti'* the mo 'tai' ecoty"eH %Service 1994 as cite! i' 3isher

200 &# )herefore, it fails to list the Selkirk caribo '!er the ESA as a !isti'ct

"o" latio' se*me't %3isher 200 &#

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+iterat re $ite!A""s, $# D#, <# C# c+ella'#, )# A# >i'ley#, K# Serro ya#, D# K# Sei"#, a'! .# B#

Wittmer# 201-# S"atial factors relate! to mortality a'! "o" latio'

!ecli'e of e'!a'*ere! mo 'tai' caribo # a'a*eme't a'!$o'servatio' )) 1409/1419#

3isher, Catha'# A# 200 # Ke Cotice a'! re8 est from comme'ts for (oo!la'!

caribo !raft 5/year stat s revie(# OFce of S"ecies $o'servatio',

<oise, D#

htt" LLs"ecies#i!aho#*ovL"!fL$aribo Mstat sMrevie(Mcomme'tsM200 #"!

f # )he 3orest $hro'icle# 2014# Alberta (oo!la'! caribo recovery research a'!

mo'itori'* "ro*ram to s ""ort s stai'able forest ma'a*eme't#Directorate of $ol!(ater 3isheries *+ 4;2/4;@#

?roeschel, D# 2012# Ke ro"ose r le for (oo!la'! caribo critical habitat#

!aho De"artme't of +a'!s# $oe r ! Ale'e, D#

htt" LLs"ecies#i!aho#*ovL"!fLStateMofM !ahoM$omme'tsMo'M"ro"ose!Mc

aribo McriticalMhabitatM5/21/12#"!f #>ramer, <# 2014# So th Selkirk caribo her! "rotectio's bei'* revise!# )he

S"okesma'/revie(, S"oka'e, WA#

htt" LL(((#s"okesma'#comLstoriesL2014L 'L2;Lso th/selkirk/caribo /her!/"rotectio's/bei'*L %accesse! October 2015&#

c+o *hli', # D#, E# D6 s#, <# Wy'es#, a'! S# <o ti'# 200-# Decli'es i'

"o" latio's of (oo!la'! caribo # Wil!life Society ,) @55/@;1#O S lliva', N# 2012# )he last of the her!# 'la'!er, 3o '!atio', S"oka'e, WA#

htt" LL(((#i'la'!er#comLs"oka'eLthe/last/of/the/her!L$o'te't

oi!P21-@991 %accesse! October 2015&#Servhee', ?#, a'! +# N# +yo'# 19 9# .abitat se by (oo!la'! caribo i' the

Selkirk mo 'tai's# Wil!life Society -# 2-0/2-@#Warre', $# D# N# # eek#, ?# +# Servhee'#, a'! # a*er# 199;# .abitat se a'!

moveme'ts of t(o ecoty"es of tra'slocate! caribo i' !aho a'!

<ritish $ol mbia# Society for $o'servatio' <iolo*y 1+ 54@/55-#

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Wittmer, .# B#, A# Si'clair#, a'! <# C# c+ella'# 2005# )he role of "re!atio' i'

the !ecli'e a'! e:tir"atio' of (oo!la'! caribo # 'ter'atio'al

Associatio' for Ecolo*y 1%% 25@/2;@#a*er, # +#, S# ills#, W# Wakki'e'#, a'! D# )allmo'# 1995# Woo!la'! caribo

a co'servatio' !ilemma# E'!a'*ere! S"ecies B"!ate 1! "1#