Demand supply integrated control of the Next Generation...

1H.Asano, Next Generation Grid, Microgrid Symposium, September 2009

Demand supply integrated control of the Next Generation Grid in CRIEPI

Hiroshi Asano Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry(CRIEPI) the University of Tokyo

San Diego 2009 Symposium on Microgrids

September 2009University of California San Diego

CRIEPI AKAGI Testing Center


IGCC Plant

EV

Charger

Distribution(ADAPS)

Centralized Large Gen.（Low Carbon Emission, High

Efficiency）

End‐Use（Electricity, Efficient Use)

Transmission

Efficient Thermal

Battery

Information

Electricity

Ｓenｓor /Control

Integration of Supply and Demand

Integration of Supply Integration of Supply and Demandand Demand

Large penetration of renewable(PV in Japan)

Large penetration of renewableLarge penetration of renewable(PV in Japan)(PV in Japan)

Wide-area , advanced SCADAWideWide--area , advanced SCADAarea , advanced SCADA

Distributed Gen.(PV ,WP)

New distribution equipment

Demand side gateway

ADAPS

Nuclear

Hydro

Ｓenｓor /ControlTIPSTIPS ：：Triple Triple I I ((IIntelligent,ntelligent, IInteractive nteractive andand IIntegrated )Power ntegrated )Power SystemsSystems

Japanese Smart Grid


1

2

3

4

Minimize the risk of large blackout with securing stable operation. Resilient and self‐healing system.

Sophisticate Asset Management and meet to future social needs using advanced power equipments

Enable large penetration and effective utilization of distributed generation using renewable energy.

Enable conservation and efficient utilization of energy with integration of demand and supply side.

Requirements of Next Generation Grid

TIPSTIPS: : TTriple riple II (Intelligent, Interactive and Integrated) PPower ower SSystemsystems

CO2redu

ction

CO2redu

ction

R&D of Japanese future power systems called,


Supply & Demand Interface Controlling DG and load taking account of the grid informationand customer’s convenience.

Storage battery

Hot water supply system (Heat pump system) with hot water storage

Air conditioner Other loads

Load flow leveling

Load flow leveling

Upper system

<Customer>

Central operation control system

-3

-2

-1

0

1

0 4 8 12 16 20 24時間

受電

点潮

流　(k

W)

蓄電池制御なし蓄電池制御あり

Reverse flow With control

No control

To restrain voltage variation and power loss in distribution line

To keep safety and stability of whole utility system

LPC LPC

Autonomous demand area power system (ADAPS)

hour

Load

(kW

)

Communication network

PV system

LAN

Concept of new power flow control method by supply/demand integration

Objectives:To develop a new low cost supply/demand integrated control technique for leveling both power flow in local distribution line and power flow to upper utility system under large penetration of PV system.

5H.Asano, Next Generation Grid, Microgrid Symposium, September 2009Integration of DGs into the power system DG (RES, PV in particular) will be penetrated largely according to Japanese governmental target toward 2030.

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation : 53 GWWind turbine : 0.6 GWBiomas (Waste): 0.4 GW

Power quality, safety and reliability on the distribution line may not be kept by the current grid interconnection techniques adopted to DG side only.

In 2001, CRIEPI proposed a future advanced distribution system called Autonomous Demand Area Power System(ADAPS) to cope with the large penetration of DG. R&D were started in 2003.

6H.Asano, Next Generation Grid, Microgrid Symposium, September 2009Problem in large penetration of DG- Voltage deviation from proper range -

When reverse power flow from DG occurs, distribution line voltage generally goes up by the distribution line impedance.

-- Line voltage may exceed upper limitation.-- Large energy loss of DG may occur caused by

regulated function reducing real power to prevent the voltage rise.

Volt.

Ｖ 0Should m ainta in

95 ~ 107Vat custom er sides

Substation Distance from substation


Technical problems and possible penetration rate of DG

Expected technical problemsPenetration rate of DG when problems occur

(Note ; under the worst case )- Voltage variation on distribution line

due to reverse power flow. More than 5 to 20%

- Deterioration of safety in case of distribution line fault.-- Increase short circuit capacity -- Give a bad influence to the grid

protective relay operation-- Cause islanding phenomena

More than 40%More than 20%

More than 20 to 30% Note) Penetration rate ; Ratio to distribution line capacity

- Results of demonstration test and simulation- Possible penetration rate is restricted 5% to 20% in the worst case.


Customer Customer Customer

Customer Customer Communicationnetwork

Substation 1

Substation 2

Central operatingsystem

Distribution line(6.6 to 22kV)

Section to detect and remove faultsin an autonomous manner

Loop power controller Supply & demand interfaceOperation control subsystemSection switch with fault sensor

Basic configuration of ADAPS using LPC

Loop shaped config. is adopted, LPC installed to control voltage&current of D.L. including fault condition. SDI installed at each customer to control DG autonomously using communication network. Central operation system installed.

P,Q P,Q


N


A地点

開閉器

B地点

G

開閉器

C地点 D地点

模擬線路模擬線路

変電所

LPC

変電所

1側 2側Site A Site B Site C Site D

LPC

G

Substation Substation

Simulated line impedance

Section SW(#1) Section SW(#2)

150kW Synchronized Generator 150kW DG

100kVA LPC

Control signal for LPC P&Q

Collection of DG & Load operation COCS

P,Q Operation control measure of line voltage using LPC

0.996

0.998

1.000

1.002

1.004

1.006

1.008

1.010

変電所

A地点

開閉器

B地点

開閉器

C地点

D地点

測定箇所

電圧

[p.

u.] 電圧適正化

ＬＰＣの常時運用無し

ＬＰＣの常時運用有り

Radial line without LPC

Loop shaped linewith LPC

Substation Site A Section SW Site B Section SW Site C Site D #1 #2 Location

Improvement of voltage

Volta

ge

(p.u

.)

DGCalculating optimum P,Q of LPC to keep proper voltage with minimizing LPC output kVA.

Data Collection of DG & Load (P & Q)

Radial line without LPC

Loop shaped line with LPC

Improvement

Location

Volta

ge (p

u)


0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Interconnection Rate [%] (Total DG Output/Feeder Capacity)

Residential Area

Residential Area

Commercial Area

Commercial andResidential Area

control is unnecessarycontrol voltage rise of DGSVC control using information of interconnection pointSVC or LPC control using information of whole power distribution system

(DG[PV]:Distributed Equally Lowest Power Factor 0.85)

(DG[PV]:Concentrated on the end of Feeder Lowest Power Factor 0.85)

(DG[Co-Gene]:Distributed Equally)

(DG[Co-Gene]:Distributed Equally)

73

73

18

32 56 65

Selection of voltage regulation methods


Centralized voltage control technique using a new device

Loop Power Controller (LPC)

Proper protection and safety methods using communication network

From those results, possible penetration rate of DG

in a distribution feeder can reach 100% .

Results of the Autonomous Demand Area Power System (ADAPS)

13H.Asano, Next Generation Grid, Microgrid Symposium, September 2009Configuration of Supply/demand Interface

DG

DG


IGCC Plant

EV

Charger

Distribution(ADAPS)

Centralized Large Gen.（Low Carbon Emission, High Efficiency）

End‐Use（Electricity, Efficient Use)

Transmission

Efficient Thermal

Battery

Information

Electricity

Censor /Control

Distributed Gen.(PV ,WP)

New distribution equipment

Demand side gateway

ADAPS

Nuclear

Hydro

Censor /Control

HEMSHEMSBEMSBEMS

Evaluation Method

Evaluation of Potential in Japan

DR integrated into EMS

Demand Response in JapanDemand Response in Japan


Evaluation of demand response programs

Project period : FY 2008-2010Empirical analysis of load data from PG&E CPP program with DR Research Center, LBNLAn energy management system modified for automated DRAn evaluation method of value of demand response (DR) programs to the supplier and customersPreliminary analysis of benefits of DR program in Japan


DR Strategies Considered In The Potential Estimation For Japanese Commercial Sector

Office building Retail storeGlobal temperature adjustment

Increase zone temperatures for an entire building, from 26.2℃ to 28℃

Increase zone temperatures for an entire building incl. shop zones 26.2℃ to 28℃

Zone switching Turn off lights of common spaces and perimeter zones

Turn off lights of stockrooms and back offices

Discharging attached battery of computer appliances

Discharge built-in battery of notebook computer and UPS of server system during a DR period


Hourly electricity demand curve and shaved demand of an analyzedsmall-sized office building with decentralized air conditioners

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Hour

Elec

tric

ity d

eman

d(W

per

sq.

m.)

20

25

30

35

40

Outdoor tem

perature( ℃)

DR：Turn off theperimeter andcommon use lightsDR：Turning up thepreset temperature ofair conditionerAir Conditioning

Lighting and OfficeEquipments

Others

After DR

Before DR

Outdoor Temperature


Possible DR in JapanCurrent DSM programs

Load adjustment contract: large customers onlyTOU rateDSM appliance: HP water heater with storage tank, thermal storage air conditioner

Possible DR in the futureDemonstration projects of DRPenetration of energy management systemsEmergency programs : outage of large power plants by earthquakeIntegrated demand control with roof-top PV and battery storage: PHEV, technology progress of Li ion battery


The power system in Japan is highly reliable and cost effective in current condition.

It should be changed toward Low Carbon Society.

The main driving forces of the change in Japan are “PV” and “more efficient use of electricity in highly electrified society”.

CRIEPI is developing Japanese Smart Grid under the TIPS project.


Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Junqiao Han, Girish Ghatikar, Sila Kilicotte, Mary Ann Piette, Hiroshi Asano, Preliminary Study of Load Shed Effect of Customers’ Attributes on Demand Response, National Conference of IEEJ, March 2009

H.Asano, M.Takahashi, N.Yamaguchi, and S.Bando, Demand participation in the power market by building control and distributed generation of commercial customers, International Conference on Clean Electrical Power, Capri ,Italy, June 9th-11th, 2009

Nobuyuki Yamaguchi,Junqiao Han, Girish Ghatikar, Sila Kiliccote, Mary Ann Piette, and Hiroshi Asano, Regression Models for Demand Reduction based on Cluster Analysis of Load Profiles, IEEE-PES/IAS Conference on Sustainable Alternative Energy, 28 - 30 Sep. 2009. Valencia, Spain (to be presented)

H.Kobayashi, et al. Development of Operation Control Techniques for the Autonomous Demand Area Power System, CRIEPI Report R08,2008 (in Japanese)

References

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