Delta’s on the move… How to respond to climate change? 2
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Transcript of Delta’s on the move… How to respond to climate change? 2
Delta’s on the Delta’s on the move…move…
How to respond to How to respond to climate change?climate change?
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Global Air Temperature Change 1856-2001
Warmest Year 19982nd Warmest Year 2001
8 Warmest Years
Trend = 0.6 + 0.2oC.
(CRU, 2002)
Global Impacts
Sea level rise will have significant impacts on low-lying coastal areas and small islands...
RIKZ-study;
SimDelta = Morphological Simulation Model
Conclusion: because of the dikes and the dams sediment input from the sea was stopped. Subsidence of the polders was accelerated by drainage of the reclamated land.
Comcoast project Perk polder Comcoast project Perk polder (Province (Province of Zealand)of Zealand)
Comcoast project Perk polder Comcoast project Perk polder (decided (decided 2009)2009)
http://www.hvanzijl.nl/images/1420a.gif
Coastal erosionCoastal erosion((Hondsbossche Hondsbossche
Zeewering)Zeewering)
The Hondsbossche sea wall along the Dutch coast. By breaking The Hondsbossche sea wall along the Dutch coast. By breaking through the sea wall, part of the land behind it will flood with the through the sea wall, part of the land behind it will flood with the tides.tides.The silt caught up in the vegetation ensures that the land gradually The silt caught up in the vegetation ensures that the land gradually increases in height in line with or even above sea level . Realised in increases in height in line with or even above sea level . Realised in 1997.1997.
Hollandsch Diep
Haringvliet
VZM
Maas
Bo. Merwede
Lek
Oude Maas
Nieuwe MaasNieuwe Waterweg
880
150
730160
460750
310
1520
330
550
990
440Dordtse Kil Nwe Merwede
770
Be. Merwede620 1610
5
Westerschelde
Grevelingen100
Oosterschelde
Veerse meer
w:40
z:25
9
440
880
Average flows (m3/s)Average flows (m3/s)
The average freshwater supply of Rhine and Meuse to the west part of the Netherlands is ca. 2350 m3/s, while the need for agriculture, industry and tapwater does not exceed 25 - 75 m3/s
Most of the freshwater is used to rinse incoming salt water Ies de Vries, RIKZ
Shift freshwater inlet points to the Shift freshwater inlet points to the east and restore the marine east and restore the marine
character of the estuarycharacter of the estuary
Freshwater
Salt water
Brackish
Tidal area
Dams
0123456789
10
<1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Electrical conductivity (mS/cm)
To
tal
bio
ma
ss
(g
)
A O3 U
Salt tolerant crop Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)
Amaranth: a salt sensitive crop
Adaptation of agriculture in saline areas
Increasing salinity
Adaptation of agriculture in Adaptation of agriculture in response to salt intrusionresponse to salt intrusion
Return of reclaimed land to Return of reclaimed land to the sea because of high the sea because of high
maintenance costsmaintenance costs
Future vision..Netherlands Future vision..Netherlands embracing the sea ...embracing the sea ...
Cancer inhibitors produced by marine sponges.
Marine algae producing substances of economic value
The “Seawing” a self-The “Seawing” a self-supplying floating supplying floating aquaculture labaquaculture lab
Cultivation of marine algae Cultivation of marine algae for fish breedingfor fish breeding
Sunlight distributed homogenously by glass fibers in algae culture
Fish containersAlgae production used for
fish food
Plan Lely (1918) designed Plan Lely (1918) designed for land reclamationfor land reclamation
Clay
Sand
Brackish water; Lely lagoon
Marsh lands
Sluice and tidal power unit
Wadden sea Outlet
Outlet
Reed marshes
Inlet
IJssel lake
Boats
Draft plan “Water lily” after Kees Hulsbergen H2ID
The Lily lagoon anno The Lily lagoon anno 21002100
Tekening Maarten Groot
OceanLab
Schematic model of a delta with traditional Schematic model of a delta with traditional management measures (left side picture) and modern management measures (left side picture) and modern management measures which should overcome the management measures which should overcome the disadvantages of traditional measures (right side). disadvantages of traditional measures (right side).
Ecosystem based approach to river basin Ecosystem based approach to river basin management:management:
Is an “opportunity driven” type of Is an “opportunity driven” type of management (“joy” or “Freude-aspect”) management (“joy” or “Freude-aspect”) rather than a “fear driven” type of rather than a “fear driven” type of management.management.
Ecological Ecological andand economical goals can be economical goals can be combined.combined.
It is a generic concept.It is a generic concept. Stimulates technical and non-technical Stimulates technical and non-technical
innovations.innovations. Needs interaction between society and Needs interaction between society and
science. science.
Conclusions