Delphinus species off the Californias– Habitat changes (e.g. pollution, HABs) • Genetics...
Transcript of Delphinus species off the Californias– Habitat changes (e.g. pollution, HABs) • Genetics...
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Ecosytem studies of Delphinus species off the
Californias
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Delphinus cruise: Objectives
• Identify Demographically Independent Populations (DIPs; aka ‘stocks’), and for each, estimate– Reproductive parameters, including pregnancy
rates, calf production and breeding season– Abundance– Contaminant concentrations– Habitat characteristics
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Delphinus• 2 species in different habitats: coastal and pelagic• Risk factors
– Fishery takes– Habitat changes (e.g. pollution, HABs)
• Genetics suggests > 1 SCB stock• Timing of reproduction suggests transboundary stock movement• No estimates of reproductive parameters available • Long-beaked common dolphin
– Survey-to-Survey variability in abundance estimates
Harmful algal bloomsDomoic Acid: Pseudonitzchia
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1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Year
Abu
ndan
ce
(thou
sand
s of
ani
mal
s)
Barlow and Forney 2007
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Ship and plane time
• NOAA Twin Otter– 80 hours– Begin 15 Sept
• R/V McArthur II – ~90 sea days– 7 Sept – 6 Dec
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SWFSC Research Cruise Sightings ofDelphinus delphis and D. capensis
Nor
th L
atitu
de
West Longitude
Leg 1
Leg 2
Leg 3
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Projects & PIs• Abundance
– Jim Carretta• Ecosystem
– Jessica Redfern• Population Structure
– Eric Archer
• Reproduction– Nick Kellar (molecular)– Wayne Perryman (photogrammetry)
• Health and contaminants– Dave Weller
• Outreach and education– Siri Hakala
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Abundance Estimation: Jim Carretta
• Visual sightings• Line transect
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Ecosystem studies: Jessica Redfern
• Physical oceanography– New equipment: Underway CTD– HAB sampling: Pseudo-nitzchia spp.
• Mid-trophic sampling– IKMT & Bongo net tows– Squid jigging: Dosidicus gigas
• Sea birds
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Stock structure and reproduction
• Biopsy samples
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Stock structure: Eric Archer
• Objective– To identify stocks (DIPs)
• Methods– Standard molecular genetic markers and
analytical techniques• Sampling goals
– Ensure species distributions are represented– Increase sample sizes for putative stocks
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Reproduction: Nick Kellar
• Objective– To estimate pregnancy rates
• Methods– Use hormone assays to identify pregnant females
• Sampling goals– Collect 500 samples/Delphinus species– Collect data to address potential sampling biases
• Stage class bias: compare length distributions– Tandem plane/ship sampling of 10 schools– Solo plane/ship sampling of 10 schools
• Sampling platform bias: compare sex ratios and pregnancy rates– Tandem small boat/ship sampling
» Paired sampling; alternate starting platform» 150 samples per platform
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Aerial Photogrammetry: Wayne Perryman
• Goals:– Calibrate shipboard observer estimates of
group size (n = 12-15 schools)– Confirm species identifications using length
measurements of Delphinus– Establish reliable cues for species
identification from the air– Estimate reproductive parameters
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• Estimate:– Calf production– Breeding season– Average length at disassociation (weaning)
• Examine relationship between school size and school structure (length distribution, % calves)
Aerial Photogrammetry
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ConceptReality
Digital Imaging System
SBIR grant
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Measurements of Dolphins on the Bow
Stem of ship in image will be used to determine scale of the photograph (camera to water distance/focal length of lens)
• Equipment: Canon 1Ds MK II camera with 24 mm lens• Measure dolphins near surface and parallel to the surface.• Measure each dolphin in several frames.
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Health and contaminants: Dave Weller
• Compare with Tursiops study• Inshore/offshore gradients• Correlate with reproduction
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Outreach and education: Siri Hakala
• Classroom lectures and activities• Wiki site with weekly postings• Ship tours
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