DELIVERY OF AEROSOLIZED DRUGS THROUGH CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE (CPAP)

Team

Patrick Kurkiewicz

Annie Loevinger

Joe Decker

Steve Welch

Client

Dr. Mihai Teodorescu

Advisor

Professor John Webster

Outline

Problem Statement Background Information Client Specifications Design Options

Design 1: Jet Nebulizer Design 2: Ultrasonic Nebulizer with One-Way

Valve Design 3: Ultrasonic Nebulizer with Flow Sensor

Final Design Future Work Questions

Problem Statement

A method is needed for automated delivery of bronchodilator drugs, like Albuterol, while using the CPAP device.

Automated delivery should either be continuous or at timed intervals over a patient’s sleep cycle.

Background

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Used for sleep apnea and asthma patients Provides positive pressure to assist breathing

Image from Webster, J.G. 2009. Medical Instrumentation.

Background

Uses Pressurized Air Efficiency 39+/-3%**

Uses ultrasonic waves Efficiency 86+/-5%**

Jet Nebulizer Ultrasonic Nebulizer

Image from www.mece.ualberta.ca/arla/tutorial.htm

** Gessler T; Schmehl T; Hoeper M M; Rose F; Ghofrani H A; Olschewski H; Grimminger F; Seeger W. 2001. Ultrasonic versus jet nebulization of iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology 2001;17(1):14-9.

Image from www.sonozap.com/nebulizer.htm

Nebulizer: transforms liquid medication into mist

patient

Client Specifications

Compatible with CPAP Automatically deliver albuterol sulfate Cannot compromise quality of sleep Design for clinical trials Made for adults Prototype can be computer interface

Design Options

Design 1: Jet Nebulizer in-line with CPAP

+ Simple+ Inexpensive- Loud- Requires separate flow generation

Design 2: Ultrasonic Nebulizer with One-Way Valve

Nebulizer gas collects in side chamber during exhale, taken up during inhale+ Simple design- Collecting gas may re-condense

Design 3: Ultrasonic Nebulizer with Flow Sensor

Flow sensor detects breathing rate, turns nebulizer on/off based on inhalation cycle+ More control- Complicated, requires more parts

Design Matrix

Efficacy (25)

Safety (20)

Compatibility/

Feasibilit

y (20)

Patient

Comfort (20)

Ease of Use(10)

Cost (5)

Total(100)

Jet Nebulizer

15 20 15 0 5 5 70

Ultrasonic One-Way Valve

20 15 20 20 10 4 89

Ultrasonic Flow Sensor

25 15 12 20 10 3 85

Final Design

Ultrasonic nebulizer with one-way valve control Existing CPAP and mask Added programmable controls

Future Work

Finish proof of concept testing Construct prototype nebulizer Prototype testing

Drug delivery Control efficacy

Integrate design with CPAP

Questions?