DELIVERING THE BIG FOUR PROMISES: MANAGING THE …
Transcript of DELIVERING THE BIG FOUR PROMISES: MANAGING THE …
*DELIVERING THE BIG FOUR PROMISES:
MANAGING THE OUTCOMES
ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Prof. Geoffrey Wahungu
Director General, NEMA
Kenya Institute of planners
Annual Planners conference
Travellers Beach Hotel, Mombasa
10th October 2018
Presentation outline
1. Kenya’s development blue print
2. Development and environment
3. Legal framework for environment management
4. Safeguarding the environment for Kenya’s growth
5. NEMA’s tools and strategies for delivering the big 4
Kenya’s Development Vision
• Kenya’s development blue print – Vision 2030, aspires the country to be industrialized with high quality of life by 2030
• The big 4 seek to accelerate the realization of aspirations of vision 2030 by: Accelerating industrial growth by scaling up manufacturing (9.2-20% )
Enhancing food and nutrition security through improved agriculture and related value chains
Achieving universal health coverage through affordable and accessible health care, and finally
Affordable housing through delivery of 500,000 new homes.
• The big 4 are expected to bolster strong inclusive economic growth.
Development & environment
• Kenya’s Economy is directly linked to the integrity of the
environment and its ecosystems.
Tourism is highly dependent on wildlife, biodiversity, coastal landscape and sea scape and their resources.
Kenya’s ‘water towers’ provide recharge to rivers, providing water for wildlife, industrial and domestic use, agriculture and HEP production and maintains the hydrological cycle
• The Country depends on these ecological goods and services as its Natural Capital.
• Integration of Environmental considerations will therefore be critical in the achievement and sustainability of the big 4
Development & environment
• Any development endeavor has some impact on the
environment
• Industrialization, manufacturing, agriculture, housing
& human settlements impact the environment
• Projects under the big 4 will also have some
impacts on the environment
The Big 4 & environment
• Some potential impacts on the environment:
Pressure on ecosystems - overexploitation of
finite resources to support manufacturing
Soil exhaustion, Salinization, use of
agrochemicals in agriculture
Increased energy demand and waste generation
by industry, agriculture and human settlements
The Big 4 & climate change
• The global community is now alive to the impacts of climate change
• Climate change and its impacts poses greatest threat to humanity and threatens livelihoods, food security and human health.
• Manufacturing, agricultural activities, livestock production, human settlements & housing contribute to climate change.
• This vicious cycle is brought by demand for energy, raw materials & waste generation
The Big 4 & climate change
• Some proposed flagship projects are high risk & require adequate safeguards to protect people and environment.
Include agro-processing; fish processing; leather tanning and apparel processing; oil, mining and gas; iron and steel processing
• Putting additional land under crop production and intensification of agriculture to achieve food and nutritional security may add into the country’s carbon footprint.
The Big 4 & climate change
• Manufacturing sector is one source of Short
lived climate pollutants(SLCP)
• Statistics show that there has been a steady
increase in emissions of SLCP from the
manufacturing, industrial and transport
sectors
• SLCP impact on human health increasing
burden of disease
So, how does Kenya plan to achieve her development aspirations and the big 4 agenda while at the same time ensuring a clean, healthy and secure environment for her people?
Constitution & environment
• Kenya’s constitution 2010 guarantees the right to a
clean and healthy environment.
• This right is reinforced by EMCA CAP 387 which
lays out the legal framework for environmental
protection in Kenya
• The government and NEMA in particular are
therefore committed to ensuring that citizens enjoy
this right and the environment is protected for present
and future generations.
Safeguarding the environment for Kenya’s growth
• GOK acknowledges the importance of
safeguarding the environment for national growth
as evidenced by the country’s various national
development plans.
• The country prepared its first National
Environment Action Plan (NEAP) in 1994.
• It is worth noting that the enactment of EMCA,
1999 and the establishment of NEMA was
informed by NEAP of 1994.
Available safeguards for environmental sustainability for the big four
EMCA AND THE CONSTITUTION
• Offer the greatest assurance for the protection of the
right to a clean and healthy environment
• Also bestows the duty to safeguard and enhance the
environment on every person in Kenya.
• Also provides for compensation for any victim of
pollution and the cost of beneficial uses lost due to
environmental degradation
Available safeguards for environmental sustainability for the big four
EMCA principles as environmental safeguards for the big 4
• Public participation in the development of policies, plans and processes for the management of the environment serves as a safeguard against decisions that may be injurious to the public and the environment
• The polluter-pays principle
• The pre-cautionary principle
• Access to information
• Intergenerational equity
NEMA tools and strategies for delivering the big 4
1. The Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA)
process
• Developed to address challenges of inadequacy of
EIA to deal with cumulative, synergistic, secondary
and long term impacts arising from policies, plans
and programmes (PPP).
• The big four is a policy imperative and its
implementation will be subjected to the SEA
process
NEMA tools and strategies for delivering the big 4
2. Environmental Impact Assessment • Individual projects will be subjected to the EIA
process
• Potential impacts will be identified, appropriate
mitigation actions and environmental management and
monitoring plan prepared.
• The licensing conditions issued by NEMA will be
monitored periodically.
• NEMA has now cancelled the EIA report submission
fees which used to be 0.1% cost of the project in order to make it easy/cheap to invest in Kenya
NEMA tools and strategies for delivering the big 4
3. AIR QUALITY REGULATIONS, 2013
• The air quality regulations provide an opportunity
to address pollution from both stationery and
mobile sources.
• The act sets limits for emissions and seeks to
protect the public from harmful emissions
• NEMA monitors stack emissions from industries
• Manufacturing under the Big 4 will be subjected
to emission monitoring .
NEMA tools and strategies for delivering the big 4
4. Environmental Auditing process
• The projects under the big four will be subjected to
annual and periodic environmental Audits
5. Other Environmental Licensing
• NEMA will issue conditional licenses that will be
monitored regularly to ensure compliance, e.g
Waste transport, effluent discharge, Controlled
substances etc
NEMA tools and strategies for delivering the big 4
6. Environmental Incident Management
• NEMA will step in to address any environmental
incidence that May arise during the various stages
of implementation of the big four.
• Strengthened capacity of Rapid Environmental
Response Unit (RERU) for timely response to
avert impact on people and environment
NEMA tools and strategies for delivering the big 4
7. Environmental Education and Awareness
• Aim to Safeguard public wellbeing and enlist allies
in environmental protection.
• To be done during the various phases of
implementation of the projects under the big four.
NEMA tools and strategies for delivering the big 4
8. Scaling up of cleaner production and industrial
symbiosis
• Manufacturing pillar will benefit greatly from
cleaner production and industrial symbiosis
currently being promoted and piloted by Kenya
Cleaner production centre (KCPC)
NEMA tools and strategies for delivering the big 4
9. Promotion of voluntary environmental sustainability
measures
• NEMA has gained valuable experience in promoting environmental sustainability among Ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs). Performance contracting secretariat has now accepted Environmental activities by MDAs as one of the appraisal criteria and NEMA does the reporting
• Lessons learnt will be implemented under the big four to ensure environmental protection, reduced carbon footprint and sustainability of the projects
NEMA tools and strategies for delivering the big 4
10. Accreditation under the Adaptation Fund (AF) and
Green Climate funds (GCF)
• NEMA got accredited with GCF on 9th March
2016, 5th in Africa, 9th Globally (direct access)
• Can submit as many proposals but with 10 USD
capping
• Accreditation provides opportunity to mobilize
resources to address climate change
• Currently supporting communities cope with
climate change through Ksh 1B AF funding
NEMA tools and strategies for delivering the big 4
11. Plan to develop Economic Instruments(EI) for
Environmental Management
Instruments that can be used to control environmental
damage include:
• Environmental damage taxes, charges and levies, such
as emission charges, environmental protection
charges, and development taxes;
• Performance bonds and guarantees, e.g. for
rehabilitation or waste management;
• Subsidies and bounties; and
• Tax concessions and rebates;
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BIG FOUR
A number of strategies and action plans exist that will
inform the implementation of the big four
1. The Green economy strategy and implementation
plan 2016-2030
2. National Environment Action Plan (NEAP 2018-
2024)
3. National Solid Waste Management Strategy
4. Plastics ban initiative
The Green economy strategy and implementation plan (GESIP) 2016-2030
Contains strategies aimed at accelerating transition towards a globally competitive low carbon development path way
Contributes towards implementation of the Paris agreement on climate change and attainment of SDGs
Embeds the principles of sustainable development in the overall national development pathway
The strategy focuses on five thematic areas namely: sustainable infrastructure development, building resilience, sustainable natural resources management, resource efficiency, social inclusion & sustainable livelihood
National environment action plan (NEAP 2018-2024)
The overall goal of the National Environment Action Plan (NEAP) 2018-2024 is ‘To attain environmental stewardship, environmental sustainability and maintain a transformational and participatory approach to Natural resource use and environmental management by 2024’.
The four strategic goal areas of the plan cover Environmental stewardship, Environmental Sustainability, Environmental transformation and Devolution of environment
The NEAP has profiled each of the sectors under the big four, identified associated environmental challenges and proposed solutions
National Solid Waste Management Strategy, 2014
Seeks to systematically improve waste management in
Kenya
Efficient and sustainable waste management systems
required as the country develops into a newly
industrialized state by 2030
Proposes integrated solid waste management for the
country
Roots for a 7R oriented society - by Reducing;
Rethinking; Refusing; Recycling; Reusing; Repairing
and Refilling waste
Plastics ban initiative
The plastics ban initiative has been in force for over a
year now
Enforcement of the ban under the big 4 will ensure that
environment & public health are protected
Conclusion
• Currently NEMA is giving priority to projects within the big four
• Has deployed resources to ensure timely review and feedback for SEA and EIAs within the four priority sectors
• NEMA /GOK have also developed systems, strategies and action plans that will ensure environmental sustainability of projects under the big 4
• NEMA calls upon all stakeholders to join hands to ensure environmental health and sustainability of projects under the big 4.
THANK YOU
Q & A