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M ich elle B am berg er, M S , DVMSen ate D emo cra tic C on fe re nc e, P ub lic F orum on Hydra ulic F ra ctu rin gApr il 25 ,2012For the past tw o years, R obert O sw ald and I have been studying the health of people andan im als liv in g n earb y g as d rillin g o peratio ns. T he b est summ ary o f o ur w ork (B am be rg era nd Oswal d, 2012) is that w e have arrived at m ore questions than answ ers, have raisedmo re re d fla gs th an g re en lig hts .S om e q uestio ns w e ask :W hat are all of the chem icals u sed during d rillin g, hy draulic fracturin g, p ro cessing andproduction?A t wh at s pe cific c on ce ntra tio n is e ac h c hemic al u se d?W hat are all of the naturally occurring chem icals, radioactive m aterials, bacteria ando th er life fo rm s th at come u p from th e sh ale w ith th e w astew ater?W hat are all of the chem icals being flared, vented or otherw ise released during thep ro ce ss es o f d ri ll in g, hydr au li c f ra ct ur in g , p ro ce ss in g , p roducti on a nd t ra nspo rt?W hat are the short and long-term health effects of each chem ical on people, dom estica nima ls a nd w i ld lif e?A t w hich concentrations m ight each chem ical cause a response in each anim al species,including hum ans? For exam ple, chem icals affecting the endocrine system m ake upnearly 40% o f all k now n chem icals used in gas operation s (Colborn, 2011) an d m ay affecta w ide variety of organ systems in the body at very low , non-pharmacologicconcentra t ions (Vandenberg , 2012).H ow do w e test for each of the chem icals in each anim al sp ecies, including hum an s?M ig ht th ese ch em icals accumu late in p lan ts an d in an im als?F arm ers ask u s if th ese ch em ica ls c an g et in to th eir cro ps an d th eir liv esto ck ?The public asks us if these chem icals w ill end up in their vegetables, their m ilk, theire gg s, th eir fis h, th eir m ea t, th eir c hild re n a nd th em se lv es ?H un ters an d fisherm en ask if the w ildlife w ill b e safe to eat?U ntil w e know the answ ers to all of these questions, w e cannot begin to guess the answ erto th e q ue stio n. "Is fra ck in g s afe ?"U ntil w e know the answ ers to all of these questions, the safety of our food supply is atrisk and th e pub lic h ealth is at risk over b oth th e sho rt and lon g term .I stro ng ly su pp ort th e NY S tate S en ate H ealth Im pact A ssessm en t B ill, 6 77 2 A v ella.And until w e know the answ ers to all of these questions, horizontal drilling w ith highv olume h yd ra ulic fractu rin g fo r ex tra ctio n o f g as sh ou ld b e p ro hib ited in N ew York S tate.I stro ng ly su pp ort th e NY S tate S en ate B ill, S 42 00A Ave lla.B am be rg er M , O sw ald R ob er t. I mp ac ts o f G as D rillin g o n H um an a nd A nim al H ea lth ( 20 12 ) N ew S olu tio ns ; 2 2( 1) : 5 1- 77Co lb ur n T et at, N atu ra l G as O pe rn uo ns fro m a P ub lic H ea lth P ersp ec tiv e (2 01 1) Jo urn al o f H um an a nd E co lo gic al R iskAssessment: An lnternatronal J ou rn al 1 7 (5 ): 1 03 9 1 05 6, d oi : 1 0.j 080/108070J9.20J 1.605662.V ande nberg LM et al., Hormones and Endoc ri ne D ls rup t ing Chem ica ls : tow-oose E ff ec ts a n d Nonmono to n ic D o se Respons es(2012) Endocrine Rev iews F ir st publiShed ahead 01pr in t March 14,2012 asdoi:l0.1210/er.20111050.

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IMPACTS OF GAS DRILLING I 7764. Associated Press, "Gas Well Spews Polluted Water," New York Times, April 21, 2011,

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/21/us/2Ifrack.html? .r=!&scp= I&sq=bradford%20blowout%20%22april%2020%22%20gas%20chesapeak&st=cse (accessed July20, 2011).

65. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Identification and Listing of HazardousWaste. 40 c'F.R. 261A(b)(5) (2002).

66. P.Ramirez, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Region 6, Environmental Contaminants Pro-gram, Reserve Pit Management: Risks to Migratory Birds, September 2009, http://www. fws.gov/rnountain-pra irie/contaminants/documents/ReservePils. pdf (accessedJuly 14,2011).

67 . W_ Y. Kim, The Lamont Cooperative Seismic Network and th e National SeismicSystem: Earthquake Hazard Studies in the Northeastern United States, 2001, WWW.ldeo.columbi a.edulLCSN/ ..-'LCSN _Tech Report -98-0 I.pd f (accessed November 16,2011).

68 . Associated Press, "Disposal Halted at Well after New Quake in Ohio," NewYork Times, January I, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com12012/01/02/science/earth/youngstown-in] ection-well-stays-shut-after-earthquake.html? _r=I&reFtodayspaper(accessed January 2, 2012).

Direct reprint requests to:Robert E. OswaldDepartment of Molecular MedicineCornell UniversityIthaca, NY 14853e-mail: reol@cornell.edu

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/21/us/2Ifrack.html?http://www.nytimes.com12012/01/02/science/earth/mailto:reol@cornell.edumailto:reol@cornell.eduhttp://www.nytimes.com12012/01/02/science/earth/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/21/us/2Ifrack.html?