Dele Ogunseitan – PSHB: Public Health Considerations

PUBLIC HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS

Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 1

Dele Ogunseitan

1. Public Health Considerations: Host Trees

2. Public Health Considerations: Pest Control

3. Questions and Discussion


OUTLINE

1. Public Health Benefits of Host Trees



UC Irvine

“For me, what has remained, and has really gotten refined, is this focus on the environment.

This is why my final memorial is devoted to raising awareness about what we are losing in terms of biodiversity and habitat. It focuses on what we are losing and also focuses on what can be done to help.” - MAYA LIN


UC IRVINE

ARTS PLAZA

2005

Working with Santa Monica landscape architect Pamela Burton, Lin added nearly 50 trees (27 California sycamores, 13 Mexican sycamores and 9 Valencia oranges) to the site.

• 379 human subjects (UCI) responded to a structured 18-item survey instrument on topophilia and to the 26-item World Health Organization’s Quality of Life (WHOQOL-Bref) instrument.

• Confirmatory factor analyses revealed four domains of topophilia (ecodiversity, synesthetic tendency, cognitive challenge, and familiarity) and four domains of QOL (physical, psychological, social, and environmental).


Topophilia Model

Structural equation modeling to explore the adequacy of a theoretical model linking topophilia and QOL.

The model fit the data extremely well: χ2 = 5.02

p = 0.414

correlation = 0.12 (p= 0.047). Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 7


1,153 Human subjects.

We used generalized ordinal logistic models to estimate the association between environmental parameters and odds of perceiving higher levels of restorativeness.

Summary of Research on Topophilia


New methodological framework for linking environmental quality and human health.

Implementing evidence-based provision of restorative environments.

Targeted design of built environments to enhance human quality of life.

2. Public Health Considerations: Pest Control



LOS ANGELES, Dec. 9— For the second time in this decade, California has undertaken vast aerial spraying of a pesticide over residential areas here in an effort to eradicate the Mediterranean fruit fly, fueling a renewed debate that pits protection of agriculture against environmental concerns.

Since a single fly was trapped near Dodger Stadium in August, helicopters have sprayed the pesticide malathion over 250 square miles of neighborhoods in Los Angeles County and Orange County.

As the work on the current infestation goes on, two questions arise: Is the pesticide dangerous to humans, and can the produce industry in California survive both the fly and the spraying? State Produce Could Be Barred ($16.6 billion agricultural industry).

Malathion

• Organophosphorous chemical.

• Mode of Action– Binds irreversibly to cholinesterase.

• Used as treatment for head lice.

• Ingestion results in metabolism to malaoxon, which is more toxic than malathion.

• Levels in children linked to ADHD» Bouchard, M. F.; Bellinger, D. C.; Wright, R. O.; Weisskopf, M. G. (2010).

"Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate Pesticides". Pediatrics 125 (6): e1270–7.


Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer - 2015 13http://www.psr-la.org/files/pesticides_and_human_health.pdf

http://www.psr-la.org/files/pesticides_and_human_health.pdf

Polyphagus Shot Hole Borer


Euwallaecea fornicatusFusarium euwallacea

(Freeman et al. 2013)

Pest control strategies

• Physical Removal– Incineration

• Chemicals– Insecticides

• Biological pesticides• Selectively Toxic Chemicals• Broad Spectrum Toxic Chemicals

– Fungicides


Bifenthrin


Species LD50Female rats 54 mg/kgMale rats 70 mg/kgMice 43 mg/kgMallard ducks 1280 ppmBobwhite quail 4450 ppmRainbow trout 0.00015 mg/lBluegill 0.00035 mg/lDaphnia 0.0016 mg/l

Emamectin


Bacillus subtilis


Metconazole


U.S. EPA : “Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans”

Propiconazole


PPZ

Thiabendazole


Scabies, Trichnosis, HookwormTreatment

3. Discussion



• Trees on campus have benefits for public health in terms of mental health restoration, beyond aesthetics, and should be protected.

• There is a limited number of pest control options that may be applied safely and cautiously with little or no potential for adverse impacts on public health and the environment.

4. Questions?

[email protected]


mailto:[email protected]

Dele Ogunseitan – PSHB: Public Health Considerations

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