Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen...
Transcript of Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen...
![Page 1: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points
Martin G. Gulbrandsen1
joint w/Lars Halle and Klaus Hulek
1University of Stavanger
MCPG 2016
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 1 / 12
![Page 2: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Synopsis
Hyperkahler manifolds as higher dimensional K3’s: How do theydegenerate?
Basic example: Semi-stable (symplectic?) degenerations of Hilbn(K3)
Li–Wu construction: X → C semi-stable degeneration without triplepoints improved version of HilbP(X/C )
Our aim:I apply Li–Wu to Hilbert scheme of pointsI in particular for K3 degenerationsI make accessible by rephrasing as a GIT construction
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 2 / 12
![Page 3: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Synopsis
Hyperkahler manifolds as higher dimensional K3’s: How do theydegenerate?
Basic example: Semi-stable (symplectic?) degenerations of Hilbn(K3)
Li–Wu construction: X → C semi-stable degeneration without triplepoints improved version of HilbP(X/C )
Our aim:I apply Li–Wu to Hilbert scheme of pointsI in particular for K3 degenerationsI make accessible by rephrasing as a GIT construction
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 2 / 12
![Page 4: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Synopsis
Hyperkahler manifolds as higher dimensional K3’s: How do theydegenerate?
Basic example: Semi-stable (symplectic?) degenerations of Hilbn(K3)
Li–Wu construction: X → C semi-stable degeneration without triplepoints improved version of HilbP(X/C )
Our aim:I apply Li–Wu to Hilbert scheme of pointsI in particular for K3 degenerationsI make accessible by rephrasing as a GIT construction
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 2 / 12
![Page 5: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Synopsis
Hyperkahler manifolds as higher dimensional K3’s: How do theydegenerate?
Basic example: Semi-stable (symplectic?) degenerations of Hilbn(K3)
Li–Wu construction: X → C semi-stable degeneration without triplepoints improved version of HilbP(X/C )
Our aim:I apply Li–Wu to Hilbert scheme of pointsI in particular for K3 degenerationsI make accessible by rephrasing as a GIT construction
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 2 / 12
![Page 6: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Example
The curve degeneration t = x1x2:
Impose singularityfobia:describe the points in X without touching the nonsmooth point, but ratheras orbits in a smooth family.
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 3 / 12
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Example
The curve degeneration t = x1x2:
Impose singularityfobia:describe the points in X without touching the nonsmooth point, but ratheras orbits in a smooth family.
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 3 / 12
![Page 8: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Example
Pull back X along product A2 → A1: t1t2 = x1x2.
With Gm-action (t1, t2) 7→ (λt1, λ−1t2).
Choose a small resolution X [1], e.g. blow up Weil divisor x1 = t1 = 0.
Delete “Y1 over the t1-axis” and “Y2 over the t2-axis”.
X is the Gm-orbit space of the smooth variety X [1]st ⊂ X [1].
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 4 / 12
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Example
Pull back X along product A2 → A1: t1t2 = x1x2.
With Gm-action (t1, t2) 7→ (λt1, λ−1t2).
Choose a small resolution X [1], e.g. blow up Weil divisor x1 = t1 = 0.
Delete “Y1 over the t1-axis” and “Y2 over the t2-axis”.
X is the Gm-orbit space of the smooth variety X [1]st ⊂ X [1].
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 4 / 12
![Page 10: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Example
Pull back X along product A2 → A1: t1t2 = x1x2.With Gm-action (t1, t2) 7→ (λt1, λ
−1t2).
Choose a small resolution X [1], e.g. blow up Weil divisor x1 = t1 = 0.
Delete “Y1 over the t1-axis” and “Y2 over the t2-axis”.
X is the Gm-orbit space of the smooth variety X [1]st ⊂ X [1].
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 4 / 12
![Page 11: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Example
Pull back X along product A2 → A1: t1t2 = x1x2.With Gm-action (t1, t2) 7→ (λt1, λ
−1t2).
Choose a small resolution X [1], e.g. blow up Weil divisor x1 = t1 = 0.
Delete “Y1 over the t1-axis” and “Y2 over the t2-axis”.
X is the Gm-orbit space of the smooth variety X [1]st ⊂ X [1].
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 4 / 12
![Page 12: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Example
Pull back X along product A2 → A1: t1t2 = x1x2.With Gm-action (t1, t2) 7→ (λt1, λ
−1t2).
Choose a small resolution X [1], e.g. blow up Weil divisor x1 = t1 = 0.
Delete “Y1 over the t1-axis” and “Y2 over the t2-axis”.
X is the Gm-orbit space of the smooth variety X [1]st ⊂ X [1].
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 4 / 12
![Page 13: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Example
Pull back X along product A2 → A1: t1t2 = x1x2.With Gm-action (t1, t2) 7→ (λt1, λ
−1t2).
Choose a small resolution X [1], e.g. blow up Weil divisor x1 = t1 = 0.
Delete “Y1 over the t1-axis” and “Y2 over the t2-axis”.
X is the Gm-orbit space of the smooth variety X [1]st ⊂ X [1].
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 4 / 12
![Page 14: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Li–Wu stack
Input:I semi-stable degeneration X/C without triple points (C = A1)I orientation of the dual graph Γ(X0)
Output: Deligne–Mumford stack InX/C such that
I It is proper over CI It agrees with Hilbn(X/C ) over C \ {0}
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 5 / 12
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The Li–Wu stack
Input:I semi-stable degeneration X/C without triple points (C = A1)I orientation of the dual graph Γ(X0)
Output: Deligne–Mumford stack InX/C such that
I It is proper over CI It agrees with Hilbn(X/C ) over C \ {0}
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 5 / 12
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The Li–Wu stack: degenerate fibre
As a set: length n subscheme in an expansion of X0:
modulo Gkm (scale each ∆i ).
Subject to a “stability condition”:
No singularities as supporting points
No empty ∆i
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 6 / 12
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The Li–Wu stack: degenerate fibre
As a set: length n subscheme in an expansion of X0:
modulo Gkm (scale each ∆i ). Subject to a “stability condition”:
No singularities as supporting points
No empty ∆i
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 6 / 12
![Page 18: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Li–Wu stack: families
Basic limit mechanism: avoid singularities by growing ∆’s:
Families of expansions not entirely transparent: modelled on an explicitlyconstructed family X [k] over C [k] = C ×A1 Ak+1.
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 7 / 12
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The Li–Wu stack: families
Basic limit mechanism: avoid singularities by growing ∆’s:
Families of expansions not entirely transparent: modelled on an explicitlyconstructed family X [k] over C [k] = C ×A1 Ak+1.
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 7 / 12
![Page 20: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The GIT construction
Assume: X → C is projective and Γ(X0) has no odd cycles. Choosebipartite orientation.
Theorem (GHH)
X [n]→ C [n] is projective and for a suitable Gnm-linearization on
H = Hilbn(X [n]/C [n]):
Stability and semi-stability coincides
Stability means no singularities and no empty ∆i , but refined: zeros inthe base C [n] dictate distribution of points among the components.
The GIT quotient Hst/Gnm is the coarse moduli space of InX/C .
The Li–Wu stack InX/C is the global quotient [Hst/Gnm].
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 8 / 12
![Page 21: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The GIT construction
Assume: X → C is projective and Γ(X0) has no odd cycles. Choosebipartite orientation.
Theorem (GHH)
X [n]→ C [n] is projective and for a suitable Gnm-linearization on
H = Hilbn(X [n]/C [n]):
Stability and semi-stability coincides
Stability means no singularities and no empty ∆i , but refined: zeros inthe base C [n] dictate distribution of points among the components.
The GIT quotient Hst/Gnm is the coarse moduli space of InX/C .
The Li–Wu stack InX/C is the global quotient [Hst/Gnm].
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 8 / 12
![Page 22: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The GIT construction
Assume: X → C is projective and Γ(X0) has no odd cycles. Choosebipartite orientation.
Theorem (GHH)
X [n]→ C [n] is projective and for a suitable Gnm-linearization on
H = Hilbn(X [n]/C [n]):
Stability and semi-stability coincides
Stability means no singularities and no empty ∆i , but refined: zeros inthe base C [n] dictate distribution of points among the components.
The GIT quotient Hst/Gnm is the coarse moduli space of InX/C .
The Li–Wu stack InX/C is the global quotient [Hst/Gnm].
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 8 / 12
![Page 23: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The GIT construction
Assume: X → C is projective and Γ(X0) has no odd cycles. Choosebipartite orientation.
Theorem (GHH)
X [n]→ C [n] is projective and for a suitable Gnm-linearization on
H = Hilbn(X [n]/C [n]):
Stability and semi-stability coincides
Stability means no singularities and no empty ∆i , but refined: zeros inthe base C [n] dictate distribution of points among the components.
The GIT quotient Hst/Gnm is the coarse moduli space of InX/C .
The Li–Wu stack InX/C is the global quotient [Hst/Gnm].
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 8 / 12
![Page 24: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The GIT construction
Assume: X → C is projective and Γ(X0) has no odd cycles. Choosebipartite orientation.
Theorem (GHH)
X [n]→ C [n] is projective and for a suitable Gnm-linearization on
H = Hilbn(X [n]/C [n]):
Stability and semi-stability coincides
Stability means no singularities and no empty ∆i , but refined: zeros inthe base C [n] dictate distribution of points among the components.
The GIT quotient Hst/Gnm is the coarse moduli space of InX/C .
The Li–Wu stack InX/C is the global quotient [Hst/Gnm].
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 8 / 12
![Page 25: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The GIT construction
Assume: X → C is projective and Γ(X0) has no odd cycles. Choosebipartite orientation.
Theorem (GHH)
X [n]→ C [n] is projective and for a suitable Gnm-linearization on
H = Hilbn(X [n]/C [n]):
Stability and semi-stability coincides
Stability means no singularities and no empty ∆i , but refined: zeros inthe base C [n] dictate distribution of points among the components.
The GIT quotient Hst/Gnm is the coarse moduli space of InX/C .
The Li–Wu stack InX/C is the global quotient [Hst/Gnm].
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 8 / 12
![Page 26: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Properties of InX/C
Work in progress! For X → C a degeneration of curves or surfaces, withbipartite orientation:
InX/C → C is semi-stable, in the stacky sense
K3 degenerations: for X → C a Kulikov model of type II, InX/C → C
is (stacky) good in the sense of Nagai.
The dual ∆-complex of the degenerate fibre is the n’th symmetricpower of the dual oriented graph of X0
I In particular: the dual graph Γ linear: its symmetric product Sn(Γ) is asubdivision of an n-simplex.
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 9 / 12
![Page 27: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Properties of InX/C
Work in progress! For X → C a degeneration of curves or surfaces, withbipartite orientation:
InX/C → C is semi-stable, in the stacky sense
K3 degenerations: for X → C a Kulikov model of type II, InX/C → C
is (stacky) good in the sense of Nagai.
The dual ∆-complex of the degenerate fibre is the n’th symmetricpower of the dual oriented graph of X0
I In particular: the dual graph Γ linear: its symmetric product Sn(Γ) is asubdivision of an n-simplex.
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 9 / 12
![Page 28: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Properties of InX/C
Work in progress! For X → C a degeneration of curves or surfaces, withbipartite orientation:
InX/C → C is semi-stable, in the stacky sense
K3 degenerations: for X → C a Kulikov model of type II, InX/C → C
is (stacky) good in the sense of Nagai.
The dual ∆-complex of the degenerate fibre is the n’th symmetricpower of the dual oriented graph of X0
I In particular: the dual graph Γ linear: its symmetric product Sn(Γ) is asubdivision of an n-simplex.
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 9 / 12
![Page 29: Degenerations of Hilbert schemes of points · X=C is the global quotient [H st=Gn m]. Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X) MCPG 2016 8 / 12. The GIT construction Assume: X](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070920/5fb91abd22224d2bdf359e56/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The dual ∆-complex: 2 components, n points
Γ with orientation:
Γn for n = 2, 3, . . . :
Sn(Γ) for n = 2, 3, . . . :
An n-simplex — simplest possible type for Nagai’s good degenerations ofhyperkahler varieties.
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 10 / 12
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The dual ∆-complex: n components, 2 points
Γ with orientation:
Γ2:
S2(Γ):
Same combinatorics as Nagai’s hand made examples.
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 11 / 12
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The dual ∆-complex: 3 components, 3 points:
Γ with orientation:
S3(Γ):
Gulbrandsen (UiS) Degenerations of Hilbn(X ) MCPG 2016 12 / 12