TYPES OF PATHOGENS, BACTERIAL INFECTION AND ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY
Definitions Infection control Infectious disease Pathogens.
-
Upload
cameron-clarke -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Definitions Infection control Infectious disease Pathogens.
Signs and Symptoms of Infections
• Generalized or systemic– Affecting whole body
• Localized– Affecting one area of body
Question
• Which of the following may be signs or symptoms of a localized infection?A. Fever, headache, and increased pulse rate
B. Vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue
C. Red, swollen, draining wound
Once you have decided on your answer Click the Forward button to advance.
Answer
• C. Red, swollen, draining wound
• Localized– Affecting one area of body– Signs and symptoms:
• Red, swollen, and warm to touch area• Drainage• Pain
Question
• True or False:– Protozoa are the smallest of the microbes.
Once you have decided on your answer Click the Forward button to advance.
Defense Mechanisms
• Cilia
• Cough and sneeze
• Tears
• Hydrochloric acid
• Mucous membranes
• Rise in body temperature
• Increase in leukocytes
Scope of the Problem
• Nosocomial infection
• Industrial illness
• Needlestick injuries
• Handwashing– Most important procedure for preventing health
care-acquired infections
Question
• True or False:– A patient is admitted to the hospital for an infected
leg. This would be called a nosocomial infection.
Once you have decided on your answer Click the Forward button to advance.
Asepsis
• Asepsis– Also known as aseptic technique
• Medical asepsis– Clean technique
• Surgical asepsis– Sterile technique
How to Break Chain
• Decrease source of microorganisms– Wash hands– Decontaminate surfaces and equipment– Avoid contact when contagious
• Prevent transmission of microorganisms– Wear personal protective equipment (PPE)– Follow isolation precautions
(continued)
How to Break Chain
• Maximize resistance– Provide good hygiene– Ensure proper nutrition and fluid intake– Decrease stressors that weaken immune
response
Standard Precautions
• Follow at all times
• Potential fluid sources of microbes:– Blood– Body fluids, secretions, and excretions
• Except sweat
– Nonintact skin
(continued)
Standard Precautions
• Potential fluid sources of microbes:– Mucous membranes– Any identified body fluids
• Handwashing
• PPE
• Patient-care equipment
(continued)
Isolation
• Transmission-based precautions– Airborne– Droplet– Contact
• Neutropenic
• Consequences to patient, staff, and visitors
• Impact on facility
Question
• Which of the following activities is the most critical in preventing the spread of infections?A. Wearing gloves
B. Wiping down surfaces
C. Handwashing
Once you have decided on your answer Click the Forward button to advance.
Methods to Inhibit or Destroy Microbes
• Bacteriostatic
• Bactericidal or germicidal
• Antiseptics
• Disinfectants
• Sterilization
Drug-Resistant Organisms
• Developed from overuse of antibiotics
• Developed from patients who do not complete antibiotic treatment
(continued)
Drug-Resistant Organisms
• Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)– Healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA)– Community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA)
• Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)