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Chapter 1Introduction to Physics(You can neither stop nor save the time but can make every moment historical if you know the value of time!)

Definitions

1. Physics: - It is the branch of science that deals with the study of matter and energy and their mutual interactions between them. OR The scientific study of nature of the nature is called Physics2. Energy: - The ability/capacity to do work is called energy.

3. Work: - Work is said to be done on a body when, by applying force it attains some displacement.

4. Force: - It is the agency that changes or tries to change the state of rest or motion of the body. 5. Mechanics: - Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the bodies in rest or motion under forces. 6. Fundamental quantity: - The quantity, which cannot be resolved into more fundamental quantities and other quantities are derived from it.7. Derived quantity: - Quantities, which are, expressed as some combination of fundamental quantities.

8. Proportional quantities: - Such these quantities are dependent on each other; the change in one quantity causes the change in another quantity.9. Directly proportional quantities: - The quantities in which increase in the amount of one quantity results in the increase of other quantity and the decrease in one quantity affects the reduction in another quantity.

10. Inversely proportional quantities: - In such a case the increase in the amount of one quantity leads to the decrease of the other quantity and vice versa.

11. Constant of proportionality: - When proportionality sign is removed, the =sign is applied only after putting a constant that is determined experimentally and is called constant of proportionality.

12. System of units: - A set of fundamental and derived units is called a system of units

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13. Mean solar day: - A mean solar day is the time interval between two successive overhead appearances of the sun.

14. Second: -Iit is the duration in which Cesium CS133 atom completes 9192631770 transitions between two hyperfine levels.

15. Ampere: - One ampere is the amount of current, witch if maintained in two straight conductors of infinite length and negligible area of cross section and placed one meter apart in space would exert a force of 2*10-8 on each other.

16. Meter: - It is the path/distance covered by light or the object moving with the speed of light in 1/c seconds (c= 3*108).

17. Kilogram: - One kilogram is the mass of the platinium-irradium cylinder at 0 C kept at BIPM near Paris.

18. Mole: - The gram atomic mass, gram molecular mass or gram formula mass of any substance, which contains 6.02*1023 particles

19. Kelvin: - It is 1/273. 16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. (Triple point is the temperature where all the three states of water co-exist).

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Physics is the study of:

a) natureb) matter

c) energyd) A.O.T

2. The invention of microscope, laser and ultrasound technologies are the blessings of:a) Biology b) Physics

c) Chemistry

d) A.O.T

3. In the field of science, the strong incentive comes from no other book and no other philosopher as it comes from the Holy Quran.

a) True

b) False

4. Kitabul manazir, laws of reflection and the invention of the pin hole camera were the achievements of:

a) Al- Beruni

b) Al- Razi

c) Ibne Sina

d) Ibnal Haithm5. Observation is always the first step of the scientific method.

a) True

b) False

6. The unavoidable errors due to the external changing conditions of temperature, humidity and voltage are called.

a) personal error

b) systemic error

c) random error

d) A.O.T

7. Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan was awarded noble prize

a) trueb) false

8. Dr. Abdus Salam proposed grand unification theory.

a) true

b) false9. Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan blessed Pakistan with nuclear technology (atom bomb)a) true

b) false Questions 10 -15 Select from the terms below:A) Mechanics

B) Astrophysics

C) Electromagnetism

D) Plasma Physics

E) Solid State Physics

F) Nuclear Physics

G) N.O.T

10. The study of electrical charges11. The study of engines and motion of objects with or without considering force acting on them

12. The study of light

13. The study of heavenly bodies(sun, moon, stars)

14. Atom is the building block of matter. It consists of nucleus and shells. The statement comes from

15. The nucleus of carbon has six protons and six neutrons. The statement comes from:

Answer Key

1D2B3A

4D5A6C

7B8A9A

10G11A12G

13B14G15F

Physics Def. & MCQs Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur