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Transcript of Definitions
Revision Notes JC Course Ms Fagan
DEFINITIONS
1. Andantino: slower than andante
2. Arco: Use bow
3. Aria: Solo song in an opera
4. Art Song: A poem put to music for voice with accompaniment. The composer is known and the music is written down.
5. Baroque Period: 1600- 1750
6. Bass Clef: Great Big Dogs Fly Away, All Cows eat grass.
7. Basso Continuo: used in baroque period and gives harmony to music (figured bass).
8. Binary Form: AB
9. Cadence: Perfect Cadence has a finished ending (V-I). Imperfect Cadence has an unfinished ending (I-V). Plagal cadence sounds like
Amen (IV-I). An interrupted cadence sounds interrupted (VI-I)
10. Cadenza: a virtuoso solo passage occurring near the end of a piece of music. Used to be improvised now usually specially composed.
11. Canon: passage in which a melody is imitated by one or more voices at fixed intervals of pitch and time.
12. Cantata: Sacred or secular vocal music for solo, chorus and orchestra
13. Classical Period: 1750-1820
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Revision Notes JC Course Ms Fagan
14. Coda: the final, sometimes inessential, part of a musical piece.
15. Concerto: A composition for an orchestra and one or more solo instruments, typically in three movements.
16. Concerto: for a solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra
17. Counterpoint: combining two or more melodic lines in such a way that they establish a harmonic relationship while retaining their linear
individuality.
18. Dandling Song: A song where you bounce a child on your knee to the beat.
19. Farandole: lively dance in six-eight or four-four time from Provence.
20. Fusion: mixture of Irish and other styles of music
21. Homophonic: melody & harmony
22. Incidental music: background music
23. Intermezzo: short movement separating major sections of a lengthy composition, brief entertainment between two acts of a play
24. Lament: Sad song
25. Lied: German Art Song
26. Macaronic: Song which is sung in 2 or more languages.
27. Melismatic: Many notes per syllable
28. Modern Period: 1900- 2000
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Revision Notes JC Course Ms Fagan
29. Modulation: key change
30. Monophonic: 1 melody
31. Motif: short musical phrase
32. Nationalist composer:
33. Oratorio: Religious vocal music for solo, chorus and orchestra. It is sung in a church or stage with no costume or drama.
34. Ornamentation: Decoration of the music. (Trill: tr, grace notes)
35. Ostinato: A repeating fragment of music. Can be rhythmic or melodic
36. Pizzicato: Plucking the strings
37. Plainchant: First form of written music by the monks. Also called Gregorian chant. Free rhythm.
38. Polyphonic: many melodies (Counterpoint)
39. Programme Music: Music that paints a picture. Overture to William Tell: Sunrise in the Alps describes a Swiss morning. The Storm has
William Tell escape prison by rowing across Lake Lucerne, leaving the guards terrified.. Shepherd on a mountainside describes a typical
Swiss scene, a herdsman with his cattle. Revolution is where William kills the enemy and brings Switzerland to freedom. The Trumpet
fanfare represents Victory.
40. Ripieno: Tutti
41. Ritornello: returning theme
42. Romantic Period: 1820-1910
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Revision Notes JC Course Ms Fagan
43. Rondo Form: ABACA
44. Sequence: short melody repeated up or down a step
45. Sf: Sforzando: sudden loudness
46. Smorzando: Dying away
47. Sonnet: A 14-line poem form usually having a rhyme scheme
48. Soprano: Alto: Tenor: Bass:
49. Sotto Voce: in an undertone
50. Stingendo: hurrying along
51. Stropic form: verse/ chorus
52. Suite: An instrumental composition, of the 17th or 18th century, consisting of a succession of dances in the same or related keys
53. Syllabic: one note per syllable.
54. Syncopation: Emphasis is on the weak beat of the bar
55. Tempo Rubato: free rhythm
56. Ternary Form: ABA
57. Treble Clef: Every Green Bus Drives Fast, FACE.
58. Tutti: Full orchestra
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Revision Notes JC Course Ms Fagan
59. Vc: Violincello (cello)
60. Word Painting: the composer describes the picture through music
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