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TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

GROUP 6

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INTRODUCTION

Use of lift and escalator for a building to be designed precisely to

ensure the optimal level of consumption.

Design-lift and escalator should be submitted to an expert to

ensure best quality.

Internal circulation within the building is a process in which the

occupants in a building to move the pattern vertically, inclined and

horizontal. Lift and escalator use is one of the means of transport in building

the most suitable for high building exceeding 4 floors (lift) and 2nd

floor (escalator)

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DEFINITION OF ESCALATOR

An escalator a moving starcase

Escalators are continuous conveyors designed for moving large

numbers of people quickly and efficiently from one floor to another.

Unlike a normal lift installation it requires no waiting time, and in

order to achieve a similar service a large number of lifts occupying

more floor space would be required.

Principals areas of usage include department stores, shopping

malls, airport, transit system, convention centers, hotels, andpublic buildings.

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FUNCTION & LAYOUT ESCALATOR

The function is to provide convenience to passengers to

change from one unit to one unit ladder stairs to another.

Give good use, improve layout patterns and get an attractive

arrangement

Escalator layout concept can be divided into five types.

- Crisscross arrangement

- Parallel arrangement

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Arrangements

Various arrangements may be used for escalators depending uponthe standard of service required and the cost of installation.

Location

In order to ensure maximum use an escalator should be locatedwhere it can be easily seen, and in departmental stores it shouldnormally be possible to see over a wide area of the floors so as toencourage sales.

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ADVANTAGES OF ESCALATORMoving People

The escalator's primary attribute is its ability to move large

numbers of people at once from one area to another, with some

escalators, such as those in the London Underground,spanning particularly long distances.

People can move both upward as well as downward when a

pair of escalators are typically deployed next to each other.

That is an advantage over an elevator, which can only go one

way at a time with generally a much smaller capacity.

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Comfort

An escalator transports people automatically when switched on,

with individuals simply standing still.

As such, traveling on an escalator requires little physical

exertion.

People who experience pain or difficulty when walking are thus

able to traverse longer distances with ease and in relative

comfort.

Escalators offer plenty of space, too, especially when comparedto an elevator or narrow staircase where people may be

squashed together.

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Efficiency

The purpose of an escalator is to transport people.

It performs this task efficiently, allowing individuals to move

between potentially many floors of a building in a relativelyshort amount of time, when compared to a staircase, for

instance.

Because escalators are generally quite long, they allow a large

group of people to get on at once and reduce the need for

waiting periods typical of elevators.

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Guidance

Escalators are effective when used as a means of guidanceand circulation.

In a complex transport situation, such as a city's subway hub,people need to be kept on the go, particularly at busy times, toreduce congestion and avoid excess waiting.

Escalators are efficient at keeping people moving from onepoint to another.

When used as part of a museum or similar building, anescalator is able to direct visitors to exhibitions or exits simplyby its appearance and the direction in which it's traveling.

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Adjustable Speed

As part of its ability to reduce and control congestion, an

escalator offers an advantage to building managers in that its

speed can be adjusted to reflect how quickly crowds need tomove.

In a busy situation for example, an escalator can be made to

run slowly, so that passengers don't arrive in the same area as

an already substantial crowd.

Escalators can also save energy during quiet periods, since

they can be turned off, essentially becoming a staircase.

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CAPACITY OF ESCALATOR

Speed (m/s)

Passengers moved per hour for the stated number of

passengers per step

1

1.25

1.5

2

0.45

0.5

0.6

0.75

3500

4000

4500

6000

4500

5000

6000

7500

5500

6000

7000

9000

7000

8000

9000

12000

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INSTALLATION OF ESCALATOR

A factory-assembled and tested escalator erected as a single unit

provides the quickest and most satisfactory method of installation.

The units are usually lifted in position by a tower crane and space

is therefore required on site for the crane and movement of the

units.

Alternatively, the escalator may be divided into sections and

assembled on site.

In design of the floor it is essential to take into account the loadimposed by the escalator and its passengers.

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FIRE CONTROL

Local fire regulations should be consulted with regard to the type

of fire control required for escalators

There are such different types fire control described as follow:1. Water sprinklers

2. Fireproof sliding shutter

3. Escalator hall

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SAFETY DEVICE

There are some of different tools and security tools combined withescalators for safety, all of the following are :

1. Comb plate switches actuated by any object caught between the

step and the teeth of the comb plate.2. Overload relays that trip if the motor should take an excessive

current due to an overload, mechanical defect or any othercause. The power supply is switched off and a brake applied,bringing the escalator to a smooth stop.

3. Interlock contacts which open if the step chain stretches undulyor breaks.

4. An overspeed governor to stop the escalator should it overspeedin the 'down' direction.

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5. Comb-plate lights to give confidence to nervous passengers by

lighting up the entry and exit points.

6. Switches to stop the escalator if any object is carried by the

handrail into the newel openings.

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CONSTRUCTION

An escalator consists of a load-bearing steel truss structure which

supports the steps, step rollers, sprocket motor, worm gear andelectrical controls. There are three sections which are as follows:

1. Top

2. Centre

3. bottom

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COMPONENT OF ESCALATOR

Step

Landing platform

Handrail

Frame construction

Electric motor

Track

Truss

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ESCALATORS SAFETY TIPS

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Wear Safe Clothes and Shoes

Dont Put Children inStrollers, carts, or walkers

Always Hold the Handrail

Always Face Forward

Keep Space

Always Secure Children

Avoid the Edges of Steps

Know Emergency Shut-off Buttons

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SAFETY PROCEDURE IN REPAIRING AND

MAINTENANCE WORKS

Safe and easy ways and access routes with sufficient

headroom to the machinery spaces should be provided.

The enclosure and supporting structure should be sound

and free from defects.

The handrail, steps, combs and drive for steps should be

functioning properly.

The braking system and the manual control and emergencystop switches should also be functioning properly.

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TRAVELATORS (MOVING PAVEMENTS) Known by some asa horizontalator, movealator, walkalator, autowalk or movato

r), is a slow moving conveyor mechanism that transports

people across a horizontal or inclined plane over a short to

medium distance. Moving walkways can be used by standing or walking on

them.

These are similar in construction to escalators, but are

intended for the horizontal movement of passengers; theycan, however, be inclined up to between 120and 15 to the

horizontal.

The moving surface is either a reinforced rubber belt or a

series of linked steel plates running on rollers.