Definition

Integrity comes from the Latin word integrare which is to make whole.

In mathematics “integer” is a whole number and not a fraction.

WHAT IS WHOLENESS.

What you Say What you Do

What you are in Public

What you are in Private

All of these needs to fit together

Saying Public

Doing Private

Family versus truth- Root of Family versus truth- Root of corruption-Icorruption-I

A father and a husband is like

a God

World values surveyWorld values survey

54 countries54 countries 64 societies64 societies Covering 80 per cent of the world Covering 80 per cent of the world Attitudes to family, gender, work, neighbor Attitudes to family, gender, work, neighbor

tolerance, democracy etc.tolerance, democracy etc.

Family values & corruptionFamily values & corruption

o Scale of familism (World Values survey code Scale of familism (World Values survey code book 1994 & World Bank statistics)book 1994 & World Bank statistics)

o Powerful father, docile mother, no divorce, joint Powerful father, docile mother, no divorce, joint family, control over childrenfamily, control over children

o Correlates well with the CPICorrelates well with the CPI.(Regression analysis).(Regression analysis)

o Tribalism- Africa and India- The greater the tribal Tribalism- Africa and India- The greater the tribal loyalty greater the corruption.loyalty greater the corruption.

The man who knew too muchThe man who knew too much

Edward Banfield 1916-99Edward Banfield 1916-99 Social scientistSocial scientist

Edward Banfield- “ Amoral familism”- Edward Banfield- “ Amoral familism”- The The Moral Basis of a backward societyMoral Basis of a backward society

In 1958, Ed, with the assistance of his wife, Laura, In 1958, Ed, with the assistance of his wife, Laura, explained why a backward area in southern Italy was explained why a backward area in southern Italy was poor. poor.

The reason was not government neglect or poor The reason was not government neglect or poor education but culture. In this area of Italy, the Banfields education but culture. In this area of Italy, the Banfields said in said in The Moral Basis of a Backward SocietyThe Moral Basis of a Backward Society, people , people would not cooperate outside the boundaries of their would not cooperate outside the boundaries of their immediate families immediate families

Family values and corruptionFamily values and corruption

o Lawrence Harrison- Extended family –anti-Lawrence Harrison- Extended family –anti-development (Underdevelopment is a state of development (Underdevelopment is a state of mind-page 7)mind-page 7)

Plato's Republic chapter 5: Plato's Republic chapter 5: On matrimony and philosophyOn matrimony and philosophy

Plato- “Children should be Plato- “Children should be institutionalized” –institutionalized” –Republic Chapter 5Republic Chapter 5

This is the only way to have a corrupt free This is the only way to have a corrupt free societysociety

Max WeberMax Weber

o Weber- Family Loyalty and market are Weber- Family Loyalty and market are antithetical -The religion of China- page 237.antithetical -The religion of China- page 237.

Corruption Perceptions Index Corruption Perceptions Index 20042004

Corruption Perceptions Index Corruption Perceptions Index 2004 2004

This table was compiled at the This table was compiled at the University of Passau on behalf of University of Passau on behalf of Transparency International. For Transparency International. For

information on data and information on data and methodology, please consult themethodology, please consult the frequently asked questions and and

the the framework document..

Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***

1 Finland 9,7 9.5 - 9.8 9

2 New Zealand 9,6 9.4 - 9.6 9

3 Denmark 9,5 9.3 - 9.7 10

Iceland 9,5 9.4 - 9.7 8

5 Singapore 9,3 9.2 - 9.4 13

6 Sweden 9,2 9.1 - 9.3 11

7 Switzerland 9,1 8.9 - 9.2 10

8 Norway 8,9 8.6 - 9.1 9

9 Australia 8,8 8.4 - 9.1 15

10 Netherlands 8,7 8.5 - 8.9 10

11 United Kingdom 8,6 8.4 - 8.8 12

12 Canada 8,5 8.1 - 8.9 12

13 Austria 8,4 8.1 - 8.8 10

Luxembourg 8,4 8.0 - 8.9 7

15 Germany 8,2 8.0 - 8.5 11

16 Hong Kong 8,0 7.1 - 8.5 13

Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***

17 Belgium 7,5 7.1 - 8.0 10

Ireland 7,5 7.2 - 7.9 10

USA 7,5 6.9 - 8.0 14

20 Chile 7,4 7.0 - 7.8 11

21 Barbados 7,3 6.6 - 7. 6 3

22 France 7,1 6.6 - 7.6 12

Spain 7,1 6.7 - 7.4 11

24 Japan 6,9 6.2 - 7.4 15

25 Malta 6,8 5.3 - 8.2 4

26 Israel 6,4 5.6 - 7.1 10

27 Portugal 6,3 5.8 - 6.8 9

28 Uruguay 6,2 5.9 - 6.7 6

29 Oman 6,1 5.1 - 6.8 5

United Arab

Emirates 6,1 5.1 - 7.1 5

31 Botswana 6,0 5.3 - 6.8 7

Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***

3131 EstoniaEstonia 6,06,0 5.6 - 6.75.6 - 6.7 1212 SloveniaSlovenia 6,06,0 5.6 - 6.65.6 - 6.6 121234 34 BahrainBahrain 5,85,8 5.5 - 6.25.5 - 6.2 5 5 35 35 TaiwanTaiwan 5,65,6 5.2 - 6.15.2 - 6.1 15153636 CyprusCyprus 5,45,4 5.0 - 5.85.0 - 5.8 443737 JordanJordan 5,35,3 4.6 - 5.94.6 - 5.9 993838 QatarQatar 5,25,2 4.6 - 5.64.6 - 5.6 443939 MalaysiaMalaysia 5,05,0 4.5 - 5.64.5 - 5.6 1515

TunisiaTunisia 5,05,0 4.5 - 5.64.5 - 5.6 774141 Costa RicaCosta Rica 4,94,9 4.2 - 5.84.2 - 5.8 884242 HungaryHungary 4,84,8 4.6 - 5.04.6 - 5.0 1212

ItalyItaly 4,84,8 4.4 - 5.14.4 - 5.1 10104444 KuwaitKuwait 4,64,6 3.8 - 5.33.8 - 5.3 55

LithuaniaLithuania 4,64,6 4.0 - 5.44.0 - 5.4 99South AfricaSouth Africa 4,64,6 4.2 - 5.04.2 - 5.0 1111

4747 South KoreaSouth Korea 4,54,5 4.0 - 4.94.0 - 4.9 14144848 SeychellesSeychelles 4,44,4 3.7 - 5.03.7 - 5.0 334949 GreeceGreece 4,34,3 4.0 - 4.84.0 - 4.8 99

Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***

49 49 Suriname Suriname 4,3 4,3 2.1 - 5.8 2.1 - 5.8 33

5151 Czech RepublicCzech Republic 4,24,2 3.7 - 4.93.7 - 4.9 11 11

El SalvadorEl Salvador 4,24,2 3.3 - 5.13.3 - 5.1 77

Trinidad andTrinidad and 4,24,2 3.6 - 5.23.6 - 5.2 66

TobagoTobago

5454 BulgariaBulgaria 4,14,1 3.7 - 4.63.7 - 4.6 1010

MauritiusMauritius 4,14,1 3.2 - 4.83.2 - 4.8 55

NamibiaNamibia 4,14,1 3.5 - 4.63.5 - 4.6 77

5757 LatviaLatvia 4,04,0 3.8 - 4.33.8 - 4.3 88

SlovakiaSlovakia 4,04,0 3.6 - 4.53.6 - 4.5 1111

5959 BrazilBrazil 3,93,9 3.7 - 4.13.7 - 4.1 1111

6060 BelizeBelize 3,83,8 3.4 - 4.13.4 - 4.1 33

ColombiaColombia 3,83,8 3.4 - 4.13.4 - 4.1 1010

6262 CubaCuba 3,73,7 2.2 - 4.72.2 - 4.7 44

PanamaPanama 3,73,7 3.4 - 4.23.4 - 4.2 77

6464 GhanaGhana 3,63,6 3.1 - 4.13.1 - 4.1 77

MexicoMexico 3,63,6 3.3 - 3.83.3 - 3.8 1111

ThailandThailand 3,63,6 3.3 - 3.93.3 - 3.9 1414

Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***

6767 CroatiaCroatia 3,53,5 3.3 - 3.83.3 - 3.8 99

PeruPeru 3,53,5 3.3 - 3.73.3 - 3.7 88

PolandPoland 3,53,5 3.1 - 3.93.1 - 3.9 1313

Sri LankaSri Lanka 3,53,5 3.1 - 3.93.1 - 3.9 88

7171 ChinaChina 3,43,4 3.0 - 3.83.0 - 3.8 1616

Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia 3,43,4 2.7 - 4.02.7 - 4.0 55

SyriaSyria 3,43,4 2.8 - 4.12.8 - 4.1 55

7474 BelarusBelarus 3,33,3 1.9 - 4.81.9 - 4.8 55

GabonGabon 3,33,3 2.1 - 3.72.1 - 3.7 33

JamaicaJamaica 3,33,3 2.8 - 3.72.8 - 3.7 66

7777 BeninBenin 3,23,2 2.0 - 4.32.0 - 4.3 33

EgyptEgypt 3,23,2 2.7 - 3.82.7 - 3.8 88

MaliMali 3,23,2 2.2 - 4.22.2 - 4.2 55

MoroccoMorocco 3,23,2 2.9 - 3.52.9 - 3.5 77

TurkeyTurkey 3,23,2 2.8 - 3.72.8 - 3.7 1313

8282 ArmeniaArmenia 3,13,1 2.4 - 3.72.4 - 3.7 55

Bosnia and Bosnia and 3,13,1 2.7 - 3.52.7 - 3.5 77

HerzegovinaHerzegovina

Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***

8282 MadagascarMadagascar 3,13,1 1.8 - 4.41.8 - 4.4 44

8585 MongoliaMongolia 3,03,0 2.6 - 3.22.6 - 3.2 33

SenegalSenegal 3,03,0 2.5 - 3.52.5 - 3.5 66

8787 DominicanDominican 2,92,9 2.4 - 3.32.4 - 3.3 66

RepublicRepublic

IranIran 2,92,9 2.2 - 3.42.2 - 3.4 55

RomaniaRomania2,92,9 2.5 - 3.42.5 - 3.4 1212

9090 GambiaGambia 2,82,8 2.2 - 3.42.2 - 3.4 55

IndiaIndia 2,82,8 2.6 - 3.02.6 - 3.0 1515

MalawiMalawi 2,82,8 2.2 - 3.72.2 - 3.7 55

MozambiqueMozambique 2,82,8 2.4 - 3.12.4 - 3.1 77

NepalNepal 2,82,8 1.6 - 3.41.6 - 3.4 33

RussiaRussia 2,82,8 2.5 - 3.12.5 - 3.1 1515

TanzaniaTanzania 2,82,8 2.4 - 3.22.4 - 3.2 77

9797 AlgeriaAlgeria 2,72,7 2.3 - 3.02.3 - 3.0 66

LebanonLebanon 2,72,7 2.1 - 3.22.1 - 3.2 55

MacedoniaMacedonia 2,72,7 2.3 - 3.22.3 - 3.2 77

Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***Used***

9797 NicaraguaNicaragua 2,72,7 2.5 - 3.02.5 - 3.0 77

Serbia andSerbia and 2,72,7 2.3 - 3.02.3 - 3.0 77

MontenegroMontenegro

102102 EritreaEritrea 2,62,6 1.6 - 3.41.6 - 3.4 33

Papua NewPapua New 2,62,6 1.9 - 3.41.9 - 3.4 44

GuineaGuinea

PhilippinesPhilippines 2,62,6 2.4 - 2.92.4 - 2.9 1414

UgandaUganda 2,62,6 2.1 - 3.12.1 - 3.1 77

VietnamVietnam 2,62,6 2.3 - 2.92.3 - 2.9 1111

ZambiaZambia 2,62,6 2.3 - 2.92.3 - 2.9 66

108108 AlbaniaAlbania 2,52,5 2.0 - 3.02.0 - 3.0 44

ArgentinaArgentina 2,52,5 2.2 - 2.82.2 - 2.8 1111

LibyaLibya 2,52,5 1.9 - 3.01.9 - 3.0 44

PalestinianPalestinian 2,52,5 2.0 - 2.72.0 - 2.7 33

AuthorityAuthority

112112 EcuadorEcuador 2,42,4 2.3 - 2.52.3 - 2.5 77

YemenYemen 2,42,4 1.9 - 2.91.9 - 2.9 55

The fatal evolutionThe fatal evolution

Family/Truth Relationship/Truth

Power distancePower distance is a is a cultural index derived by derived by sociologist Geert Hofstede. Geert Hofstede. • It measures how much a culture has respect for It measures how much a culture has respect for

authority.authority.

Roots of corruption-2

Power distancePower distance it's acceptable for a supervisor to display his authority it's acceptable for a supervisor to display his authority superiors rarely give their subordinates important work superiors rarely give their subordinates important work if something goes wrong, the subordinates are usually if something goes wrong, the subordinates are usually

blamed for not doing their proper job/role blamed for not doing their proper job/role managers rarely interact or socialize with workers managers rarely interact or socialize with workers teachers are treated respectfully teachers are treated respectfully local politics are prone to totalitarianism local politics are prone to totalitarianism class distinctions are emphasized class distinctions are emphasized parents are more highly respected and corporal parents are more highly respected and corporal

punishment is more common punishment is more common revolutions are, or were, common revolutions are, or were, common

Power DistancePower Distance

• The Arab nations, Latin America, Russia, and The Arab nations, Latin America, Russia, and nearly all of Asia (especially India and China) nearly all of Asia (especially India and China) are high in power distance. are high in power distance.

• Most of Europe, Canada, Australia and Israel Most of Europe, Canada, Australia and Israel are low in power distance. are low in power distance.

• Japan and Mediterranean-Europe fall in the Japan and Mediterranean-Europe fall in the middle range.middle range.

What is important..What is important..

Values ORValues OR

PowerPower

Countries with more power distance have Countries with more power distance have more corruptionmore corruption

Once upon a time all the Once upon a time all the known gods & goddesses known gods & goddesses

had no….valueshad no….values• All the known gods & goddesses had All the known gods & goddesses had

power ascribed to them but no power ascribed to them but no value.value.

Roman pantheonRoman pantheonAPPOLLO – God of sun, plague, APPOLLO – God of sun, plague,

lightlightCaesar Augustus called himself the son of AppolloCaesar Augustus called himself the son of Appollo

Appollo – god Appollo – god of sun, of sun,

plague, lightplague, light

Bacchus god Bacchus god of wine & of wine &

agricultureagriculture

Ceres – godesses of Ceres – godesses of growing plants & growing plants &

cereals (for worship cereals (for worship in famine) (Tying in famine) (Tying

lighted brands to the lighted brands to the tails of foxes)tails of foxes)

CUPID – god of CUPID – god of erotic love erotic love

pranks (Son of pranks (Son of Venus) Gold Venus) Gold

headed arrows headed arrows Lead for Lead for hatredhatred

Diana – Diana – goddess of goddess of

chastity/huntinchastity/hunting Freemasons g Freemasons worship her.worship her.

Fortuna Fortuna goddess of goddess of

luck. luck. Shakespeare Shakespeare

makes & makes & reference to reference to lady fortunelady fortune

Janus – god of Janus – god of gates door gates door

beginnings & beginnings & endend

Jupiter war Jupiter war lightening Jove lightening Jove very powerful very powerful

godgod

Greek PantheonGreek Pantheon

Hades – god of Hades – god of the underworldthe underworld

Hermes god of Hermes god of commerce commerce

interpreting with interpreting with foreign traders foreign traders

oratory oratory Hermeneutics-Hermeneutics-

science of science of interpretationinterpretation

Ares-god of Ares-god of war-same as war-same as

marsmars

Athena Battle Athena Battle strategy strategy weavingweaving

Aphrodite Aphrodite goddess of goddess of

love & beauty love & beauty Temple Temple

prostitutes prostitutes

ARTEMIS/Diana ARTEMIS/Diana fertility fertility goddess goddess childbirth childbirth EphesiansEphesians

Power gods versus Value Power gods versus Value GodGod

When you worship power gods the When you worship power gods the culture has high power distance and culture has high power distance and becomes corruptedbecomes corrupted

The Judeo-Christian God is the only The Judeo-Christian God is the only God I know who is primarily a value God I know who is primarily a value God.God.

Shame versus guiltShame versus guilt

Guilt happens in cultures which have low Guilt happens in cultures which have low power distance. These produce less power distance. These produce less corruption.corruption.

Shame happens when exposed (in cultures Shame happens when exposed (in cultures with high power distance). Related to with high power distance). Related to higher corruption levels.higher corruption levels.

Guilt- acts from within.Guilt- acts from within. Shame acts from without.Shame acts from without.

Philippians 2.5-8Philippians 2.5-8

Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus: Who, being in the form of God, thought it Jesus: Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: But made not robbery to be equal with God: But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: And being found in fashion as a man, he of men: And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross.death, even the death of the cross.

Justice/PowerJustice/Power

Jesus changed the paradigmJesus changed the paradigm

POWER Value

TransparencyTransparency

Related to “Social capital”- the more Related to “Social capital”- the more trusted friends the more openness trusted friends the more openness needed.needed.

Trustedfriends

SENSE OF COMMUNITYSENSE OF COMMUNITY

IMPACT ON HEALTH/ ECONOMICS

ACCORDING TO FRANCIS FUKUYOMA.

Author of book on Trust

THE ORTHODOX INDIAN THE ORTHODOX INDIAN CONTEXTCONTEXT

SOLITARY WORSHIP

LOW TRUST SOCIETIES

LESS SPONTANEOUSSOCIALIBILITY

LESS SOCIAL CAPITAL

FAMILY BUSINESS ONLY

LESS WEALTH CREATION

JUDEO CHRISTIAN JUDEO CHRISTIAN CONTEXTCONTEXT

COMMUNITY WORSHIP

HIGH TRUST SOCIETIES

MORE SPONTANEOUS SOCIALIBILITY

MORE SOCIAL CAPITAL

MULTINATIONAL CORPORATE BUSINESS

MORE WEALTH CREATION

INDIVIDUAL WORSHIPINDIVIDUAL WORSHIP

I sit here and worship my god I sit here and worship my god alone…this is my temple.alone…this is my temple.I perform all the rites of worship I perform all the rites of worship to gods like Ganga, etc…in the to gods like Ganga, etc…in the morning and evening.morning and evening.

Cont.Cont.

TransparencyTransparency

High trust societies have a higher social High trust societies have a higher social capital capital

High social capital compels transparencyHigh social capital compels transparency

Transparency reduces corruptionTransparency reduces corruption

Roots of corruptionRoots of corruption

FamilismPower

Power

Lack of social capital