Definition: Automation is the use of control systems for operating equipment with minimal or reduced...
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![Page 1: Definition: Automation is the use of control systems for operating equipment with minimal or reduced human intervention. + save labour + reproducibility.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697c0251a28abf838cd4f49/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Definition:Automation is the use of control systems for operating equipment with minimal or reduced human intervention.
+save labour+reproducibility+accuracy
- high initial investment- increased complexity- knowledge loss- erroneous behaviour in
unforesee situations
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WIR SCHAFFEN WISSEN – HEUTE FÜR MORGEN
Automation Overview with Examples from the SLS
Andreas Lüdeke :: Operation Manager Swiss Light Source :: Paul Scherrer Institut
at the MAX-IV Automation Review Meeting, 3. - 4. Dec. 2015
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•Know the task!- desired sequence- possible failures- success?
•Avoid “black boxes”- knowledge loss- silent failures- critical situations
Best Practices
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•Accelerator start-up- checklists- sequencing- reports
•Device automation- example: RF start-up- example: RF tuning-loop
•Semi-automated operator procedures- example: “Open ID gaps” / “Close ID gaps”
Areas of Accelerator Automation
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•Automated measurements- example: beam lifetime- example: BBA
•Failure reporting- example: RF first-fault- example: magnet PS failure reports
•Failure recovery- example: RF tuning loop- example: restore beam after trip
Areas of Accelerator Automation
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Ergonomic Operator Interfaces
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Task focussed Operator Interface
PSI,
RF controlOperator tasks: • Trip recovery• Set voltage• Set phase
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Task focussed Operator Interface
PSI,
RF controlOperator tasks: • Trip recovery• Set voltage• Set phase
Dedicated Panelfor Operation
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•B.R. Hollifield, Alarm Management: Seven Effective Methods for Optimum Performance
•Alarm handler objectives- acoustic alarm if operator intervention required- every possible problem should raise an alarm- no alarm, if no operator intervention is required!- provide guidance
•Alarm handler is THE central operator tool
Alarm Management Best Practices
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•Characteristics of a good alarm- Relevant- Unique- Timely- Prioritised- Understandable- Diagnostic- Advisory- Focussing
HSE Alarms Strategy: EEMUA Guide, Experience, IEC61508/11
Alarm Management Best Practices
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•Nuissance / chattering alarms•Operator action undefined•Stale alarms “Shelving”•Alarm storms•Wrong alarm priorities
Alarm Management Problems
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•Define “Alarm Philosophy”- Every alarm is documented and has an identified response- Alarm must not be ignored!- What alarms, which priorities and guidance?- Responsibilities, Key Performance Indicator
•Regular Alarm Performance Report- Analyse alarm frequencies- Lists of nuisance and stale alarms- Define action plan and assess progress
Alarm Management Best Practices
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•Alarm Documentation and Rationalization- Create alarm priority grid- Document each alarm type: causes, corrective actions,
consequences, time to respond, desired modifications, …- Alarm trip-point determination- Operator Training- Alarm philosophy- Handling and reporting nuisance alarms- Controls applications regarding alarms- Who can change what: alarm trip levels, alarm disabling- Alarm handling strategies: Shelving, State-Based, Flood Suppression, …- Proper and improper alarm suppression
Alarm Management Best Practices
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Ingredients to successful automation
• Know your tasks• Avoid “black boxes”• Comprehensive automation- Start-up- Devices- Operator procedures- Measurements- Failure reporting- Failure recovery• Proper user interface design• Alarm handler• Alarm management