Biotic and Abiotic Factors in Ecosystems Unit A: Sustainability of Ecosystems.
Define ecology. Define and identify ecosystems, biotic ...
Transcript of Define ecology. Define and identify ecosystems, biotic ...
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Objectives
! Define ecology.
! Define and identify ecosystems, biotic factors and abiotic factors.
! Describe how energy flows through an environment.
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Ecology
! Ecology is defined as the study of the interactions between organisms and the living and non-living components in its environment.
! Living components in an environment are called biotic factors.
! Non-living components in an environment are called abiotic factors.
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Interdependence
! As we have already learned, organisms are dependent on each other, as well as their environment for survival.
! List the BIOTIC factors on which we depend…
! List the ABIOTIC factors on which we depend…
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Ecological Organization
! The study of ecology starts with the organism, or individual.
! Many individuals of the same species in the same area is called a population.
! Multiple populations that share the same area for a community.
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Ecological Organization (cont.) ! A community and the abiotic factors of
an area is referred to as an ecosystem.
! Many ecosystems that share similar climate conditions and are within similar lines of longitude are called biomes.
! The entire span of “livable” space on the planet is called the biosphere.
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Eco-Breakdown
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Habitat ! The habitat refers to the place where
an organism lives. ! Most organisms require certain things
to be present in their habitat in order to survive. ! Food sources ! Water ! Shelter ! Climate ! etc.
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Niche
! The combination of all of the biotic and abiotic factors that an organism uses in its habitat is called a niche.
! Generalists can adapt to many different niches.
! Specialists require very specific niches to survive.
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Roleplay ! Every organism has a role to play in
their environment. ! Autotrophs (Producers) are organisms
who are able to produce their own energy without directly depending on another organism (photosynthesis or chemosynthesis).
! Heterotrophs (Consumers) are organisms that depend directly on autotrophs or other heterotrophs for energy.
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Heterotrophs
! Heterotrophs can be divided into 3 categories: ! Herbivores are organisms that depend
directly on plants for their energy. ! Carnivores are organisms that depend on
other consumers for their energy. ! Omnivores are organisms that can get
energy directly from both producers and consumers.
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Trophic Levels ! When an organism consumes another
organism, energy is exchanged. ! Some of that energy is useful energy
(about 10%). The rest is wasted energy.
! Each time an organism consumes another it is called a trophic level.
! As we ascend trophic levels, the amount of original energy decreases.
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Trophic Levels (cont.)
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
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Energy vs. Matter ! Energy can only flow in one direction in an
ecosystem. ! Matter, however, can flow in many directions. ! When organisms consume another organism,
both matter and energy are transferred. ! The energy is used by the receiving
organism, but the matter will be returned to the ecosystem through either death or waste.
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Pyramid Diagrams
Trophic (Energy) Pyramid
Biomass (Matter) Pyramid
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Food Chains & Food Webs
! Ecologists use food chains to show a single line of energy flow.
! Ecologists use food webs to show multiple lines of energy flow.
! Food webs are made up of multiple food chains.
! Arrows show the flow of energy (not which organism eats another.)
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Food Webs
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Food Web Practice
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Objectives
! Define ecology.
! Define and identify ecosystems, biotic factors and abiotic factors.
! Describe how energy flows through an environment.