Defender 50th Owner's Handbook - Eng manual... · the Land Rover Defender 90 and, together with the...

CONTENTS

SECTION 1 Introduction .......................................................... 1

SECTION 2 Controls & instruments ........................................ 7

SECTION 3 Driving & operating ............................................. 43

SECTION 4 Owner maintenance ............................................. 73

SECTION 5 Workshop maintenance ........................................ 109

SECTION 6 General data ......................................................... 125

SECTION 7 Parts & accessories ............................................... 135

SECTION 8 Off-road driving .................................................... 139

Index ..................................................................... 153

In-car entertainment

As part of the Land Rover environmental policy, this publication is printed on papermade from elemental chlorine free pulp.

Publication No. LRL 0180ENG 1998 Rover Group Limited

1

OWNER’S HANDBOOKThis handbook covers all current versions ofthe Land Rover Defender 90 and, togetherwith the Service Portfolio, provides all theinformation you need to derive maximumpleasure from owning and driving your newvehicle.

For convenience, the handbook is divided intosections, each dealing with a particular aspectof driving or caring for the vehicle. Sectionsare listed on the contents page and you willfind it worthwhile to take a little time to readeach one, and get to know your Defender assoon as you possibly can. Remember, themore you understand before you drive, thegreater the satisfaction once you are seatedbehind the steering wheel.

Land Rover operates a policy of constant productimprovement and, therefore, reserves the right to changespecifications without notice at any time. Whilst every effortis made to ensure complete accuracy of the information inthis handbook, no liabilities for inaccuracies or theconsequences thereof can be accepted by the manufactureror the dealer, except in respect of personal injury caused bythe negligence of the manufacturer or the dealer.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, inany form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,or other means without prior written permission fromRover Group Limited.

SECTION 1Introduction

Section Contents PageService Portfolio 3..........................................Warning labels 3.............................................Vehicle identification number 4.......................Anti-theft precautions 4..................................Breakdown safety code 5................................

Introduction

3

SERVICE PORTFOLIOThe Service Portfolio book included in yourliterature pack, contains important vehicleidentification information, details of yourentitlement under the terms of the Land Roverwarranty, as well as useful consumer advice.

Most important of all, however, is the sectionon maintenance. This outlines the servicingrequirements for your vehicle, as well asincorporating the service record slips, whichthe dealer should sign and stamp to certifythat routine services have been carried out atthe recommended intervals.

WARNING

Safety warnings are included in thishandbook. These indicate either a procedurewhich must be followed precisely, orinformation that should be considered withgreat care in order to avoid the possibility ofpersonal injury or serious damage to thevehicle.

WARNING LABELS ATTACHED TO THEVEHICLE

Warning labels attached to yourvehicle bearing this symbolmean: DO NOT touch or adjust

components until you have read the relevantinstructions in the handbook.

Warning labels showing thissymbol indicate that the ignitionsystem utilises very high

voltages. DO NOT touch any ignitioncomponents while the starter switch isturned on!

WARNING

Your vehicle has a higher ground clearanceand, therefore, a higher centre of gravitythan ordinary passenger cars. This willresult in different handling characteristics.Inexperienced drivers should take additionalcare, particularly in off-road drivingsituations and when performing abruptmanoeuvres on unstable surfaces.

Introduction

4

VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN)If you need to communicate with a LandRover dealer, you may be asked to quote theVehicle Identification Number (VIN).

The VIN and recommended maximum vehicleweights (dependent on market) is stamped ona plate, located in the driver’s footwell (thisshould also match the VIN recorded in theService Porfolio book). The

In addition, as a deterrent to car thieves and toassist the police, the VIN is also stamped on aplate visible through the left side of thewindscreen.

A. Type approval

B. Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)

C. Gross vehicle weight (where required)

D. Gross train weight (where required)

E. Maximum front axle load (where required)

F. Maximum rear axle load (where required)

NOTE: In the interests of safety, it is essentialthat the gross vehicle weight, gross trainweight and axle loads are NOT exceeded. Forfurther information see ’General data’.

ANTI-THEFT PRECAUTIONSWhile it may be difficult to deter the’professional’ car thief, the majority of theftsare carried out by unskilled opportunists.Therefore, take vehicle security very seriouslyand ALWAYS adopt this simple ’five point’drill whenever you leave your vehicle - evenfor just a few minutes:

• Fully close all the windows and thesunroof (if fitted).

• Remove your valuable belongings (or hidethem out of sight).

• Remove the starter key.

• Engage the steering lock (by slightlyturning the wheel until it locks).

• Lock all the doors and arm the alarm.

Thieves are attracted to ’vulnerable’ vehicles.Even if you have followed the ’five point’ drill,there is still much you can do to make yourvehicle a less inviting target.

BE SAFE NOT SORRY!

• Park where your vehicle can easily be seenby householders and passers-by.

• At night, park in well lit areas and avoiddeserted or dimly lit side streets.

• At home, if you have a garage, use it - andNEVER leave the keys in the vehicle.

• Do not keep important vehicle documents(or spare keys) in the vehicle - these are areal bonus for the thief.

Introduction

5

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Remember the breakdownsafety code

If a breakdown occurs while travelling:-

• Wherever possible, consistent withroad safety and traffic conditions,the vehicle should be moved off themain thoroughfare, preferably into alay-by. If a breakdown occurs on amotorway, pull well over to theinside of the hard shoulder.

• Switch on hazard lights.

• If possible, position a warningtriangle or a flashing amber light atan appropriate distance from thevehicle to warn other traffic of thebreakdown (note the legalrequirements of some areas in thisrespect).

• Consider evacuating passengersthrough the nearside doors onto theverge as a precaution in case yourDefender is struck by anothervehicle.

7

In this section of the handbook you will finddescriptions of the controls and instrumentson your vehicle.

For your own safety, it is most important toread this section fully and to gain a thoroughunderstanding of all the controls beforedriving.

SECTION 2Controls & instruments

Section Contents PageControls 9.......................................................Locks & alarm 11...........................................Seats 20.........................................................Seat belts 22...................................................Instruments 26...............................................Warning lights 27...........................................Lights & indicators 30....................................Wipers & washers 32.....................................Switches 34....................................................Windows 35...................................................Sunroof 36.....................................................Heating & ventilation 37.................................Air conditioning 40.........................................Interior equipment 41.....................................

Controls

9

Right hand steering

1. Ventilator control

2. Rear screen wash/wipe control

3. Radio/cassette player

4. Ashtray

5. Cigar lighter


7. Heater fan control

8. Lighting, direction indicator & horn switch

9. Instrument panel

10.Heater controls

11.Air conditioning controls (if fitted)

12.Headlight adjuster

13.Bonnet release lever

14.Handbrake

15.Transfer gear lever

16.Main gear selector

17.Main lighting switch

18.Brake pedal

19.Accelerator pedal

20.Auxiliary switch panel

21.Windscreen wash/wipe control

Controls

10

Left hand steering


2. Rear screen wash/wipe control

3. Ashtray

4. Radio/cassette player

5. Cigar lighter


7. Heater fan control

8. Instrument panel

9. Lighting, direction indicator & horn switch

10.Heater controls

11.Air conditioning controls (if fitted)

12.Headlight adjuster

13.Handbrake

14.Transfer gear lever

15.Main gear selector

16.Bonnet release lever

17.Accelerator pedal

18.Windscreen wash/wipe control

19.Brake pedal

20.Main lighting control

21.Auxiliary switch panel

Locks & alarm

11

KEYSYou have been supplied with two sets of keys,comprising:

• a black key for operating the starterswitch.

• a plain metal key for operating the doorlocks and fuel filler cap.

• a grey key for operating the cubby boxlock.

Key numbersThe starter key and glovebox key numbers arestamped on a tag attached to their respectivekey rings. The door lock key number isstamped on the key itself. All key numbersshould be entered on the Security Informationcard.

WARNING

Keep the spare keys and key tags in a safeplace - NOT IN THE VEHICLE!

Ensure the key numbers are recorded on theSecurity Card supplied with your literaturepack - DO NOT KEEP THE CARD IN THEVEHICLE!

Front doorsFrom outside the vehicle the door locks canonly be operated with the key. Turn the keytowards the rear of the vehicle to lock andtowards the front to unlock.

Door sill locking buttonsFrom inside the vehicle, each door can beindividually locked, by depressing theappropriate sill locking button.

WARNING

DO NOT depress the sill buttons as a meansof locking the doors from outside the vehicle(this practice - known as ’slam locking’ - isnot recommended, because keys can belocked inside accidentally).

TaildoorFrom outside, use the key to lock and unlock.From inside and with the door closed, pushthe locking button up to lock and down tounlock (as illustration).

Locks & alarm

12

ALARM SYSTEMYour vehicle is fitted with a sophisticatedanti-theft alarm and engine immobilisationsystem. In order to combine maximum vehiclesecurity with minimum inconvenience, you areadvised to gain a full understanding of thealarm system by thoroughly reading thissection of the handbook.

Features of the alarm systemPerimeter protection: This part of the alarmsystem protects the doors, bonnet andtaildoor against unauthorised entry - the alarmsounding if any one of these apertures isopened without the alarm first beingdisarmed.

Interior protection: Also known as volumetricprotection, this part of the system protects thespace inside the vehicle. If movement withinthe passenger compartment, or intrusionsthrough the windows or sunroof are detected,the alarm will sound.

Engine immobilisation: The engine isimmobilised electronically whenever the alarmsystem is armed. Even if the alarm has notbeen armed, engine immobilisation will occurautomatically thirty seconds after the driver’sdoor is opened, or five minutes after thestarter switch is turned to position ’0’.

In practice, this means it is virtuallyimpossible to leave your Defender unattendedwithout the engine being immobilised.

ARMING THE ALARM

WARNING

If a passenger or animal is to be left insidethe vehicle, or if a window or sunroof is tobe left open, interior protection must bedisabled. Refer to ’Interior protection’before arming the alarm.

To arm the alarm, aim the handset at theDefender and press the right hand button(PADLOCK SYMBOL). Provided all the doorsand other apertures are closed, the directionindicator lights will flash three times toconfirm that the alarm is armed. All thesecurity features described previously will beactive.

Once armed, the alarm will sound if a door orthe bonnet is opened, or if movement isdetected inside the vehicle.

Locks & alarm

13

Disarming the alarmWithin range of the vehicle, briefly press theleft (PLAIN) button on the handset; thedirection indicator lights will flash once toindicate that the alarm has been disarmed andthe engine re-mobilised.

NOTE: In some territories, the interior lightswill illuminate when the alarm is disarmed.

If the direction indicators fail to flash whenthe alarm is armed:This indicates that a door or the bonnet is notfully closed, in which case the alarm will stillbe partially armed and the engineimmobilised, but interior protection will not beactive.

Once the open door or bonnet is closed, thedirection indicators will flash three times andthe alarm will fully arm as describedpreviously.

If the alarm sounds:The vehicle horn and alarm siren will soundcontinuously for 30 seconds and then switchoff. The horn and siren can be triggered up tothree times.

To silence the alarm, press either handsetbutton. If the handset is inoperative, the alarmcan only be disarmed by entering theemergency key access code (see ’Engineimmobilisation override’).

Anti-theft alarm indicator lightA RED indicator light on the instrument panelindicates the status of the alarm system.When the alarm is armed successfully, thelight FLASHES rapidly. After 10 seconds, thelight adjusts to a slower frequency, andcontinues flashing as an anti-theft deterrentuntil the alarm is disarmed.

If the light fails to illuminate during the rapidflash phase, this indicates a ’mislock’ (door orbonnet not fully closed or key in starterswitch). If this occurs, the indicator light willstill flash at the slower frequency as ananti-theft deterrent.

If the light illuminates continuously, thisindicates that the engine has immobilisedpassively (see ’Engine immobilisation’).

Locks & alarm

14

Interior protectionInterior protection is activated automaticallywhen the alarm system is armed; twin sensorsinside the vehicle monitor the interior spaceand will activate the alarm if an intrusion isdetected.

However, if passengers or animals are to beleft inside the vehicle, or if a window orsunroof is to be left open, the alarm must bearmed with interior protection DISABLED asfollows:

To disable interior protection:1. Open the driver’s door.2. With the driver’s door open, use thehandset to arm the alarm in the normal way.3. Close the driver’s door (the directionindicator lights flash three times and theanti-theft indicator light commences flashingrapidly). The alarm system is now armed withinterior protection disabled.

WARNING

If the vehicle is to be left with windows orsunroof open, or with passengers or animalsinside, the interior protection MUST BEDISABLED, as described above.

NOTE: Interior protection will not operate forthe first 15 seconds after the alarm is set.

ENGINE IMMOBILISATIONEngine immobilisation is an important aspectof the vehicle’s security system, and occursautomatically whenever the alarm system isarmed.

The system also includes a feature known as’passive immobilisation’, which is designed tosafeguard the vehicle from theft should thedriver forget to lock the doors or arm thealarm.

Passive immobilisation occurs automatically:

• thirty seconds after the starter switch hasbeen turned off AND the driver’s dooropened.

• five minutes after the starter switch isturned off or the alarm system isdisarmed.


The engine immobilisation system relieson the handset to re-mobilise the engine.Look after the handsets at all times,protecting them from loss, damage andbattery discharge.

If the engine has immobilised passively,re-mobilisation will occur when thestarter switch is turned to position ’II’,provided the handset is on the same ringas the key and in close proximity to theswitch.

• ALWAYS keep the handset on thesame ring as the key.

• NEVER attach both handsets to theSAME key ring.

Any attempt to start the engine while it isimmobilised will cause the engineimmobilisation warning light (on the leftof the warning light panel) to flash.

Locks & alarm

15

Engine immobilisation overrideIf the handset is lost or fails to operate, engineimmobilisation can be overridden by using thestarter key to enter the four digit emergencykey access code (this code is recorded on theSecurity Information card). The procedure forentering the code is described below.

Before entering the code, note the following:

If your handset is lost or inoperative, it isimpossible to disarm the alarm. As soon asthe door is opened, the alarm will sound(continuously for up to three 30 secondperiods), and continue while the code is beingentered. Remove the handset from the keyring and keep the handset well away from thestarter switch when entering the code.

1. With the driver’s door closed, insert the keyinto the starter switch, turn to position ’II’ andhold in this position for 5 seconds. Thenswitch off, and open and close the driver’sdoor.

2. Turn the switch to position ’II’ the requirednumber of times to enter the first digit of thecode (if the first digit is 4, turn the key toposition ’II’ and then back to ’0’ four times).

3. Open the driver’s door (to enter the firstdigit) and then close the door again.

4. Turn the starter switch to position ’II’ andback to ’0’ the required number of times toenter the SECOND digit of the code.

5. Open the driver’s door (to enter the seconddigit) and then close the door again.

6. Turn the starter switch to position ’II’ andback to ’0’ the required number of times toenter the THIRD digit of the code.

7. Open the driver’s door (to enter the thirddigit) and then close the door again.

8. Turn the starter switch to position ’II’ andback to ’0’ the required number of times toenter the FOURTH digit of the code.

9. Finally, OPEN and CLOSE the driver’s door.If the code has been entered correctly, theanti-theft indicator light will extinguish and theengine can be started.

Locks & alarm

16

If an incorrect code has been entered:If the code is entered incorrectly, the anti-theftindicator light will continue to illuminate andthe engine will fail to start. Before entering thecode again, turn the starter switch to position’II’ and hold in this position for 5 seconds.

After three failed attempts, the securitysystem invokes a delay period of thirtyminutes during which the system will notaccept any further codes.

WARNING

• NEVER leave the Security Informationcard in the vehicle.

• Memorise the emergency key accesscode or keep the Security Informationcard on your person in case ofemergencies.

Locks & alarm

17

HANDSET BATTERY


• BEFORE replacing a handset battery,disarm the alarm and unlock thedoors.

• DO NOT remove an expired batteryuntil you are ready to install thereplacement.

• The engine will immobilise fiveminutes after the key is removedfrom the starter switch. If handsetbattery replacement is NOTcompleted within this period, theemergency key access code willhave to be entered before thehandset can be synchronised.

The handset battery should last forapproximately three years dependent uponuse. When the battery needs replacing it willbe apparent from the following symptoms:

• The handset will only work every otheroperation while disarming.

• The direction indicator lights will not flashwhen the alarm is disarmed.

Locks & alarm

18

Always fit a Land Rover STC4080 or aPanasonic CR2032 replacement battery(available from a Land Rover dealer).

Replacing the batteryAdopt the following replacement procedure:

1) Unlock the vehicle and disarm the alarmsystem.

2) Turn the starter switch to position ’II’, thenturn to position ’0’ and remove the key.

3) Carefully prise the handset apart, start fromthe keyring end using a coin or smallscrewdriver. Avoid damaging the seal betweenthe two halves of the case and DO NOT allowdirt or moisture to get inside the handset.

4) Slide the battery out of its clip, taking careto avoid touching the circuit board or thecontact surfaces of the clip.

5) Press and hold one of the buttons for atleast five seconds (this will drain any residualpower from the handset).

6) Fit the new battery, ensuring that correctpolarity is maintained (positive (’+’) sidefacing up). Finger marks will adversely affectbattery life; if possible, avoid touching the flatsurfaces of the battery and wipe them cleanbefore fitting.

7) Reassemble the two halves of the handset,then operate the PADLOCK symbol button atleast four times within range of the vehicle toresynchronise the handset.

The handset is now ready for use.

WARNING

The handset contains delicate electroniccircuits and must be protected from impactand water damage, high temperatures andhumidity, direct sunlight and the effects ofsolvents, waxes and abrasive cleaners.

Locks & alarm

19


Battery disconnectionYour vehicle is equipped with a battery backed-up sounder, which operates as an anti-theftsiren if the vehicle battery is disconnected.Before disconnecting the vehicle battery, it is ESSENTIAL to refer to ’Battery removal andreplacement’ in Section 4, in order to prevent the alarm from sounding.If the vehicle battery is disconnected for any reason, the status of the security system prior todisconnection will be memorised and automatically reset when the battery is reconnected.

ALARM OR HANDSET DIFFICULTIES

Alarm goes off unexpectedly. (a) Ensure all windows and sunroof are closed.(b) Disable interior space protection.

Alarm goes off when door opened. Disarm the alarm with the handset beforeunlocking. If the handset has failed, enter theemergency key access code (refer to ’Engineimmobilisation override’).

Starter will not operate. Ensure handset is on same ring as starter key. Ifit still will not operate, consult a Land Roverdealer.

Direction indicator lights don’t flashwhen alarm is armed.

A door or bonnet is partially open.

Seats

20

FRONT SEAT ADJUSTMENT

WARNING

To avoid the risk of loss of control andpersonal injury, never adjust the driver’sseat or seatback while the vehicle is inmotion.

DO NOT allow occupants to travel with theseat backs reclined steeply rearwards.Optimum benefit is achieved from the seatbelt, with the seat back angle set to 25degrees from the vertical (upright) position.

Forward/backward movementLift the bar at the front of the seat base toslide the seat forward or back. Ensure the seatis locked in position before driving.

Backrest movementLift the lever and lean backwards or forwardsto achieve the desired angle, then lower thelever to lock.

Seats

21

Rear seatsYour Defender is fitted with inward facing rearseats, which can be folded away when not inuse.

To erect the seats, release the strap securingthe seatbase, pull out the seat stand and folddown the seatbase, ensuring that the seatstand locates where the vehicle floor meetsthe wheel arch (see illustration).

WARNING

DO NOT adjust the seats or seat standswhile the vehicle is in motion.

When the seat is erected, the seat standshould be visually checked and physicallytested, to ensure that the seatbase is securebefore driving.

DO NOT allow the rear seats to be usedunless the seat stand is in the correctposition.

Ensure that rear seat passengers wear seatbelts at all times.

DO NOT carry passengers in the rear of thevehicle unless rear seats are fitted.

Seat belts

22

SEAT BELT SAFETYSeat belts are life saving equipment.In a collision, unrestrained passengers can bethrown around inside the vehicle, or possiblythrown out of the vehicle, resulting in injury tothemselves and to other occupants. DO NOTtake chances with safety!

• DO make sure ALL passengers aresecurely strapped in at all times - even forthe shortest journeys.

• ALWAYS adjust seat belts to eliminate anyslack in the webbing, and to ensure thatthe diagonal belt passes across theshoulder without slipping off or pressingon the neck.

• ALWAYS fit the lap strap as low on thehips as possible (never across theabdomen).

• DO NOT slacken the webbing by pullingthe belt away from the body - to be fullyeffective, the seat belt must be in fullcontact with the body at all times.

• DO have seat belts checked if the vehiclehas been involved in an accident.

• DO NOT allow front seat occupants totravel with the seat backs reclined steeplyrearwards. Optimum benefit is obtainedfrom the seat belt, with the seat back angleset to 25 degrees from the upright(vertical) position.

• DO use the seat belts to secure large itemsof luggage that are to be carried on theseats - in the event of an accident,insecure items become flying missilescapable of causing serious injury.

• DO NOT fit more than one person into abelt, or fit a seat belt that is twisted orobstructed in any way that could impedeits smooth operation.

• DO NOT allow foreign matter (particularlysugary food and drink particles) to enterthe seat belt locks - such substances canrender the locks inoperative.

• In most countries, all occupants arerequired by law to wear a seat belt, unlessthey have been issued with a medicalexemption certificate. During pregnancy,women should wear the lap belt across thehips below the baby, with the diagonal beltpassing across the shoulder, between thebreasts and to one side of the baby - if indoubt, consult a doctor.

WARNING

Ensure that all seat belts are worn correctly- an improperly worn seat belt increases therisk of death or serious injury in the event ofan accident.

Seat belts

23

WARNING

At all times, occupants should wear a seatbelt for their protection in the event of acollision or sudden stop. In somecircumstances, perhaps due to the vehiclebeing on a slope, the automatic lockingmechanism may engage, preventing theinitial extension of the belt. This is not afault - ease the belt free and use it.

Fastening the inertia reel beltsDraw the belt over the shoulder and acrossthe chest, and insert the metal tongue plateinto the lock nearest the wearer - a ’click’indicates that the belt is securely locked.

Seat belts are designed to bear upon the bonystructure of the body (pelvis, chest andshoulders) and can only be worn safely withthe webbing crossing the shoulder MIDWAYBETWEEN THE NECK AND THE EDGE OF THESHOULDER and with the seats in a normalUPRIGHT position - DO NOT allow the frontpassenger to travel with the seat steeplyreclined.

Lap beltsTo adjust, pull the slider along the belt andfeed the webbing through the buckle until thebelt is comfortably tight. When not in use, thelap belts should be stowed behind the seatback.

Seat belts

24

Infant and child restraintsAll infant and child restraint systems aredesigned to be secured in forward facingvehicle seats by means of a lap belt or the lapportion of a lap/shoulder belt.

When installing and using any infant or childrestraint system, always follow theinstructions provided by the manufacturerconcerning installation and use. Failure toproperly secure the child restraint system inthe vehicle can endanger the child in acollision or sudden stop and cause injury toother passengers.

Never leave a child unattended in yourvehicle.

WARNING

Infants and children too small for seat beltsshould be restrained in a child safety seat orrestraint system, appropriate to their ageand/or size, and which is approved for usein your vehicle. Always ensure that themanufacturer’s fitting instructions arefollowed exactly.

• Do not fit child safety seats or restraintsystems to the inward facing rear seats.

• DO NOT allow a baby or infant to becarried on the lap. The force of a crashcan increase the effective body weightby as much as 30 times, making itimpossible to hold on to the child.

• DO NOT use a child seat that ’hooks’over a seatback, it is not secure.

Seat belts

25

Caring for seat beltsRegularly inspect the belt webbing for signs ofwear, paying particular attention to the fixingpoints and adjusters. Always replace a seatbelt that has withstood the strain of an impactor shows signs of fraying.

DO NOT bleach or dye the webbing. Clean thewebbing using warm water and non-detergentsoap only - allow to dry naturally and DO NOTretract the belt until completely dry.

Testing inertia reel beltsFrom time to time carry out the followingtests:

1. With the seat belt fastened, give thewebbing near the buckle a quick upwardpull. The buckle must remain securelylocked.

2. With the seat belt unfastened, unreel thewebbing to the limit of its travel. Checkthat unreeling is free from snatches andsnags.

3. With the webbing half unreeled, hold thetongue plate and give it a quick forwardpull. The safety mechanism must lockautomatically and prevent any furtherunreeling.

Instruments

26

Left hand steering illustrated

1. SpeedometerIndicates road speed in miles and/orkilometres per hour.

2. Total distance and trip recorderIndicates the total distance or the individualjourney distance travelled by the vehicle -press and release the reset button (3) tochange between the two.

3. Total distance and trip recordermode/reset button

Press and release the mode button to changethe digital display between either the totaldistance the vehicle has travelled, or theindividual journey distance. Press and holdthe button to reset the trip odometer to zero.

4. Fuel gaugeThe pointer indicates the fuel level when thestarter switch is turned to position ’II’.

5. Temperature gaugeOnce the engine coolant has reached itsnormal operating temperature, the pointershould remain between the ’C’ (cold) and’H’ (hot)segments. If the pointer enters the ’H’segment, stop the vehicle as soon as safetypermits and seek qualified assistance beforecontinuing.

6. TachometerIndicates engine speed in revolutions perminute (rev/min). In normal drivingconditions, the engine speed should NEVERexceed 5500 rev/min.

7. Anti-theft alarm indicator lightIndicates the status of the alarm system (see’Locks & alarm’).

8. Warning light packFor a full explanation of the function of thewarning lights, see ’Warning lights’.

Warning lights

27

The warning lights are colour coded asfollows:

RED lights are warnings.

WARNING

DO NOT drive if a RED warning light remainson once the engine is running or illuminateswhilst driving.

GREEN & BLUE lights indicate that a unit isoperating.

AMBER lights show that a unit is operatingand should be switched off (or rectified) assoon as conditions allow.

Low engine oil pressure - REDIlluminates as a bulb check whenthe starter switch is turned to

position ’II’ and extinguishes when the engineis running. If it remains on, or illuminateswhilst driving, STOP THE VEHICLE as soon assafety permits and seek qualified assistancebefore continuing. Always check oil levelswhen this light illuminates.

NOTE: At very low ambient temperatures, thelight may take several seconds to extinguish.

Battery charging - REDIlluminates as a bulb check whenthe starter switch is turned to

position ’II’ and extinguishes when the engineis running. If it remains on, or illuminateswhilst driving, a fault is indicated. Seekqualified assistance urgently.

Brake system check - REDIlluminates as a bulb check whenthe starter switch is turned to

position ’II’ and extinguishes when the engineis running and the handbrake is released. If itremains on, or illuminates whilst driving, afault with the braking system is indicated.STOP THE VEHICLE as soon as safety permitsand seek qualified assistance beforecontinuing.

WARNING

DO NOT drive the vehicle while the brakewarning light is illuminated.

Warning lights

28

Direction indicators - GREENFlashes in conjunction with thedirection indicators. If the light

does not illuminate, this may indicate a bulbfailure in the warning light pack or in one ofthe direction indicator lights.

Headlight main beam - BLUEIlluminates whenever the mainbeam headlights are on.

Hazard warning lights - REDIlluminates in conjunction withthe direction indicator warning

lights, when the hazard warning lights areoperated.

Differential lock - AMBERIlluminates whenever thedifferential lock is engaged.

If the light remains on after the differentiallock is disengaged, transmission ’wind up’may be present. Reversing for a shortdistance and then going forward will usually’unwind’ the transmission. If the light remainson, contact your dealer as soon as possible.

Heated rear screen - AMBERIlluminates when the rear screenheater is operating.

Trailer direction indicators -GREENFlashes in conjunction with the

vehicle direction indicator lights to show thatall trailer indicator lights are functioningcorrectly. In the event of a bulb failure on thetrailer, the warning light flashes once and thenremains off.

NOTE: When a trailer is not fitted, thewarning light will only flash once.

Sidelights - GREENIlluminates whenever thesidelights are on.

Rear fog guard lights - AMBERIlluminates whenever the rear fogguard lights are on.

REMEMBER: In clear conditions, rear fogguard lights can dazzle other road users. UseONLY when visibility is severely restricted.

Handbrake - RED (if fitted)In some markets, the lightilluminates when the starter

switch is turned to position ’II’ and thehandbrake is applied. The light shouldextinguish when the handbrake is fullyreleased.If the light remains on or illuminateswhile driving, seek qualified assistance beforecontinuing.

Warning lights

29

Seat belt warning - RED(if fitted)In some markets, if the driver’s

seat is occupied, the light illuminates whenthe starter switch is turned to position ’II’. Thelight extinguishes as soon as the driver’s seatbelt is fastened. ALWAYS fasten your seat beltBEFORE driving!

Transmission oil temperature -RED (if fitted)Illuminates when gearbox oil

temperature is too high (most likely to occurin very hot weather, during continuous highspeed driving, when towing heavy loads onsteep inclines, or if the handbrake has beenapplied when driving).

If the light illuminates, reduce speed. If thelight remains on, stop the vehicle and do notdrive until it has extinguished.

Lights & indicators

30

Direction indicatorsMove the lever DOWN to indicate a LEFT turn,and UP to indicate a RIGHT turn (the GREENwarning light on the instrument panel willflash in time with the direction indicators).Hold the lever part-way up or down againstspring pressure to indicate a lane change.

Main light switchLever position;

• Static - all lights off

• First position - parking, tail and instrumentpanel lights on

• Second position - headlights on

Headlight high beam and ’flash’With the headlights switched on, push thelever away from the steering wheel to activatehigh beam (BLUE warning light illuminates).

To flash the headlights, pull the lever part-waytowards the steering wheel and then release.

HornPress end of the lever to operate the horn.

Lights & indicators

31

Right hand steering illustrated

Headlight levelling (if fitted)The height of the headlight beams is affectedby the distribution of weight inside the vehicle.Always ensure your headlights are adjusted sothat the point at which they meet the roadsurface ahead of the vehicle providesadequate illumination, without dazzling otherroad users.

The following load conditions should be usedas a guide.

Position ’0’: Driver only, or driver and allfront seats occupied (loadspace empty).

Position ’1’: All seats occupied (loadspaceempty).

Position ’2’: All seats occupied by adults andloadspace loaded to maximum rear axleweight.

Position ’3’: Driver only with the loadspaceloaded to maximum rear axle weight.

NOTE: The maximum rear axle weight can befound in the ’General data’ section.

Vehicles fitted with front seats only:Positions ’1’ and ’2’ should only be used whenrequired, according to the distribution andweight of the load being carried.

Wipers & washers

32

WARNING

To prevent possible overload damage to thelinkage or the wiper motors in eitherfreezing or extremely hot conditions, caremust be taken to ensure that the wiperblades are not adhering to the glass beforeoperating the wipers.

NOTE: Ensure an approved screen washersolvent is used in the windscreen washerreservoir, to prevent freezing.

WINDSCREEN WIPERS

• Single wipePush the lever up against spring pressureand release immediately.

NOTE: With the lever held up, the wipers willcontinue operating at slow speed until it isreleased.

• Intermittent wipePull lever down.

• Normal speed wipePush lever up to first position.

• Fast speed wipePush lever up to second position.

• Windscreen washerPress to operate (the wipers will alsooperate).

Wipers & washers

33

Rear window wash/wipeThe rear window wash/wipe only operateswith the starter switch turned to position ’II’.

• Press and hold to operate the washer.

• Rotate clockwise and hold to operate thewiper for the required duration.


• DO NOT operate the wipers on a dryscreen.

• In freezing or very hot conditions,ensure that the blades are notfrozen, or stuck to the glass.

• In winter, remove any snow or icefrom around the arms and blades,including the wiped area of thewindscreen and the heater airintakes.

NOTE: If the wiper blades have stuck tothe glass, a thermal cut-out maytemporarily prevent the wiper motor fromoperating. If this is the case, switch thewipers off, free them from theobstruction and then switch on again.

Switches

34


Heated rear window (if fitted)

Press the lower portion of theswitch to operate; press theupper portion to switch off. The

warning light in the instrument panelilluminates while the heating elements areswitched on and extinguishes when they areturned off.

NOTE: If the electrical system is beingoverloaded a cut-out switch will deactivate therear window heater until such time that thealternator can maintain sufficient charge.

WARNING

DO NOT stick labels over the heatingelements, and DO NOT scrape or useabrasive materials to clean the inside of therear window.

Hazard warning lights

Press the lower portion of theswitch to operate (switchindicator illuminates); all the

direction indicator lights (including thosefitted to a trailer) will flash in conjunction witheach other.

Use ONLY in an emergency to warn otherroad users when your stationary vehicle iscausing an obstruction, or is in a hazardoussituation. Switch off by pressing the upperportion before moving away.

Rear fog guard lights (if fitted)

Press to switch on and off, thewarning light in the instrumentpanel illuminates when the fog

lights are on. The rear fog guard lights operateonly when the starter switch is at position ’II’and when the headlights are switched on.

NOTE: The rear fog guard lights extinguishautomatically when the ignition or theheadlights are switched off and will need to bereselected manually.

WARNING

The rear fog guard lights can only legally beused when visibility is severely restricted -other road users could be dazzled in clearconditions.

Windows

35

WINDOWSFront windows:Raise or lower the window by rotating thehandle mounted on the door.

Sliding rear windows:To open, press the catch tongues together,slide the window to the desired position andrelease the catch, ensuring that it locatessecurely in the sockets, locking the window inposition.

Sunroof

36

SUNROOF (if fitted)The sunroof can be opened or, if required, canbe removed completely.

To OPEN the roof:Turn the hand wheel counter-clockwise to givethe desired opening.

NOTE: A partially open sunroof may vibratedue to aerodynamic pressures. Adjust thesunroof aperture to reduce vibration.

To CLOSE the roof:Turn the hand wheel clockwise until resistanceis felt.

To REMOVE the roof:Open the sunroof fully and push the catch (1)rearwards to disengage the hand wheelmechanism.

Remove the sunroof by tilting upwards andlifting rearwards to disengage the locatinglugs.

WARNING

DO NOT store the sunroof loose in thevehicle.

DO NOT allow passengers to extend any partof their bodies through the sunroof while thevehicle is moving.

DO NOT remove the sunroof whilst thevehicle is moving.

Refit the sunroof by following the sameprocedure in reverse.

Heating & ventilation

37

Fresh air ventsTo open the two vents in the windscreenframe, push the lever to the right and thendownwards to the desired position andrelease.

The temperature of air supplied to the fresh airvents is not controlled by the heater.


38


HEATER CONTROLS

1. Fan speed controlWith the control at ’0’, the fan is switchedoff and no air will enter the vehiclethrough the heater vents. With the controlmoved downwards to the first position,the volume of air entering the passengercompartment is solely dependent upon theram effect of the vehicle moving throughthe air. The subsequent positions operatethe fan at speeds ’1’ and ’2’ respectively.

2. Temperature controlMove the lever downwards (towards theRED segment) to increase air temperature,or upwards (towards the BLUE segment)to reduce air temperature.

3. Air distribution control

• Lever fully up - windscreen vents only.

• Lever midway - foot level and windscreenvents.

• Lever fully down - foot level vents (alsoprovides some air to the windscreen).


39

USING YOUR HEATEREnsure the front grille and the air intake grilleon the front wing are kept clear ofobstructions (especially snow and ice).

The following examples of basic heatersettings are intended as a general guide; theair distribution, temperature and blowercontrols can then be further adjusted to suityour comfort requirements.

Always remember that full heating is notavailable until the engine has reached itsnormal operating temperature.

Maximum heating

• Temperature control - fully down.

• Distribution control - midway.

• Fan speed control - fully down.

• Fresh air vents - fully closed.

Demisting and defrosting

• Temperature control - fully down.

• Distribution control - fully up.


• Fresh air vents - fully open for demisting(closed for defrosting).

• Opening a window may improveventilation.

Maximum ventilation

• Temperature control - fully up.

• Distribution control - fully down.


• Fresh air vents - fully open.

Air conditioning

40

CONTROLS

1. On/off blower controlTurn clockwise to the first position to turn onthe air conditioning. Rotate further to increasethe flow of conditioned air from the four ventsin the lower fascia.

NOTE: The air conditioning will not operatewithout the engine running.

2. Temperature controlRotate clockwise to obtain progressivelycooler air.

USING THE AIR CONDITIONING (if fitted)If your vehicle has been fitted with an airconditioning system, you may find thefollowing guidelines useful.

Air conditioning provides additional cooling tothe vehicle interior and also reduces themoisture content of the air.

The air conditioning system will only operatewith the engine running. It is also important tokeep the windows closed during operation.

Operation of the air conditioning system,places an additional load on the engine which,in very hot conditions and if the engine isrequired to work unusually hard, could resultin high engine temperatures. If thetemperature gauge pointer reaches the REDzone, turn the air conditioning off until enginetemperature returns to normal.

Points to remember:

• If the temperature inside the vehicle ishigher than that outside when you startthe engine, it will take time for the airconditioning to become fully effective. It isbest to ventilate the vehicle by opening thewindows and operating the fan on theheater unit for a brief period beforeswitching on the air conditioning.Remember to close the windowswhenever the air conditioning is operating.

• Operating the air conditioning takes powerfrom the engine and consequentlyincreases fuel consumption.

• All air conditioning systems need to beoperated for a short while every week(even in winter) to maintain them in peakcondition.

• The air conditioning system will alsodehumidify air. The surplus waterproduced by this process is expelled fromthe system via drain tubes beneath thevehicle. This may result in a small pool ofwater forming on the road when thevehicle is stationary and is not a cause forconcern.

Interior equipment

41

INTERIOR LIGHTWith the switch midway between the ’ON’ and’OFF’ positions, the light will illuminatewhenever a door is opened and remainilluminated for approximately 15 seconds afterALL the doors are closed, or until the starterswitch is turned on.

When alighting from the vehicle, the interiorlights will fade and then extinguish as soon asthe last door is closed.

NOTE: Any subsequent opening or shuttingof doors prior to the starter switch beingturned on again, will cause the 15 seconddelay feature to operate.

NOTE: If a door remains open for eightminutes, a ’time-out’ function will extinguishthe lights to avoid discharging the battery.

CIGAR LIGHTERWith the starter switch turned to position ’II’,press the lighter in to heat up. When it hasreached the correct temperature it will partiallyeject and can then be withdrawn for use.

• ONLY hold the cigar lighter by the handle.

• DO NOT use the ashtray for disposing ofwaste paper or other combustiblematerials.

• DO NOT plug accessories into the cigarlighter socket unless they are approved foruse in your vehicle by Land Rover.

ASHTRAYLift the lid of the ashtray to open. To remove,carefully prise the ashtray out of the fasciapanel.

Interior equipment

42

CUBBY BOXTurn the key clockwise to unlock the cubbybox, then squeeze the catch to open. Turn thekey anti-clockwise to lock the box.

It is recommended that the cubby box islocked whenever the vehicle is left unattended.

NOTE: The two recesses to the side of thegear selector are for cups or drink cans.

IN-CAR TELEPHONESYour vehicle utilises a number of electronicsystems designed to provide you withmaximum comfort, safety and economy.These systems may be affected by the use ofmobile communication equipment inside thevehicle. However, the use of an external aerialwill greatly reduce the likelihood of thisoccurence.

For your safety, always note the followingprecautions before fitting or using an in-cartelephone, or any electrical equipment:

• ONLY use an installation kit incorporatingan aerial external to the vehicle.

• Ensure that the installation is carried outby a competent installer.

WARNING

Never operate a mobile phone fitted with itsown aerial inside the vehicle - theelectromagnetic field radiated by the phonemay interfere with the vehicle’s electricalsystems.

Using any hand-held appliance while drivingcan be dangerous. Always stop the vehiclebefore making a call and ensure thetelephone is switched off while you aredriving.

43

SECTION 3Driving & operating

Section Contents PageStarter switch & steering lock 45....................Starting & driving 46......................................Catalytic converter 51.....................................Fuel 53............................................................Gearbox & transmission 55............................Brakes 62.......................................................Towing & load carrying 64.............................Emergency starting 67....................................Vehicle recovery 69........................................Ancillary equipment 71...................................

Starter switch & steering lock

45

To unlock the steering columnInsert the ignition key FULLY and turn thestarter switch to position ’I’, while turning thesteering wheel slightly to disengage the lock.

To lock the steering columnTurn the starter switch to position ’0’ andwithdraw the key from the starter switch. Turnthe steering wheel towards the straight aheadposition until the lock engages.

STARTER SWITCHThe starter switch is located to the left of thesteering column, and uses the followingsequence of key positions to operate thesteering lock, electrical circuits and startermotor.

Position ’0’

Steering locked (if key is removed).

Ignition key locked in position unless thegearshift is in ’P’.

Most lighting circuits are operational,including: sidelights, headlights and hazardwarning lights.

Position ’I’

Steering unlocked.

Radio/cassette/CD player can be operated.

Position ’II’

All instruments, warning lights and electricalcircuits are operational.

Position ’III’

Starter motor operates.

Release the key immediately the engine starts(the key will automatically return to position’II’).

Note that operation of position ’I’ electricalfunctions will be interrupted during enginecranking.

NOTE: The engine will not start unless ’P’ or’N’ is selected in the main gearbox.

Starting & driving

46

STARTING

WARNING

Catalytic converters are easily damagedthrough improper use, particularly if thewrong fuel is used, or if an engine misfireoccurs.

Before starting the engine and driving,ENSURE you are familiar with the precautionsshown under ’Catalytic converter’, later in thissection.

In particular, you should be aware thatcontinued use of the starter, will result inunburnt fuel damaging the catalytic converter.

1. Check that the handbrake is applied andthat the main gearshift is in ’P’ or ’N’.

2. Check that the transfer lever is in either the’H’ or ’L’ position.

3. Switch off all unnecessary electricalequipment.

4. Insert the starter key and turn the switchto position ’II’ and then on to position ’III’to operate the starter motor. DO NOTpress the accelerator pedal during startingand RELEASE THE KEY as soon as theengine is running.

In temperate climates, DO NOT operate thestarter for longer than 10 seconds. If theengine fails to start, switch off and wait 10seconds before re-using the starter. Pleasenote that prolonged use of the starter will notonly discharge the battery, but may alsodamage the starter motor.

NOTE: If the engine fails to start, the starterkey must be returned to position ’I’ beforeanother attempt is made.

In temperate climates, the battery chargingand oil pressure warning lights shouldextinguish as soon as the engine is running.

Cold climatesIn very cold climates, the battery charging andoil pressure warning lights may take severalseconds to extinguish. Similarly, enginecranking times will also increase; at -30° C(-22° F) the starter motor may need to beoperated continuously for as long as 30seconds before the engine will start. For thisreason, ensure that all non-essential electricalequipment is switched off.

Additionally, in very cold climates, use of acylinder block heater will improve the engine’sstarting characteristics. Your Land Roverdealer can advise you about the supply anduse of a cylinder block heater.

Moving offApply both the handbrake and the foot brakewhile selecting the required drive position andkeep both brakes applied until you are readyto move off.

Warming upIn the interests of fuel economy, it is advisableto start driving straight away, rememberingthat harsh acceleration or labouring the enginebefore the normal operating temperature hasbeen reached can damage the engine.

Starting & driving

47

WARNING

Exhaust fumes contain poisonoussubstances which can causeunconsciousness and may even be fatal.

• DO NOT inhale exhaust gases.

• DO NOT start or leave the engine runningin an enclosed unventilated area, ordrive with the rear door open.

• DO NOT modify the exhaust system fromthe original design.

• DO repair exhaust system or body leaksimmediately.

• If you think exhaust fumes are enteringthe vehicle, have the cause determinedand corrected immediately.

ParkingAfter bringing the vehicle to a stop, ALWAYSapply the handbrake and select ’P’ in the maingearbox and either High or Low in the transfergearbox, before releasing the foot brake andswitching off the engine.

Switching offReturn the starter switch to position ’I’ andthen to position ’0’ to remove the key.

Starting & driving

48

RUNNING-INProper running-in will have a direct bearing onthe reliability and smooth running of yourvehicle throughout its life.

In particular, the engine, gearbox, brakes andtyres need time to bed-in and adjust to thedemands of everyday motoring. It is thereforeessential to drive with consideration for therunning-in process for at least the first 500miles (800 km) and observe the followingadvice:

• LIMIT maximum speed to 60 mph (95km/h). Initially, drive the vehicle on a lightthrottle and only increase engine speedsonce the running-in distance has beencompleted.

• DO NOT operate at full throttle or allow theengine to labour in any gear.

• AVOID fast acceleration and heavy brakingexcept in emergencies.

EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMLand Rover vehicles are fitted with emissionand evaporative control equipment necessaryto meet a number of territorial requirements.

In many countries, it is against the law forvehicle owners to modify or tamper withemission control equipment, or to sanctionthe unauthorised replacement or modificationof this equipment by a repair shop.

Starting & driving

49

FUEL ECONOMYFuel consumption is influenced by two majorfactors:

• How your vehicle is maintained.

• How you drive your vehicle.

To obtain optimum fuel economy, it isessential that your vehicle is maintained inaccordance with the manufacturer’s serviceschedule.

Items such as the condition of the air cleanerelement, tyre pressures and wheel alignmentcan have a significant effect on fuelconsumption. But above all, the way in whichyou drive is most important. The followinghints may help you to obtain even better valuefrom your motoring:

• Avoid unnecessary, short, start-stopjourneys.

• Avoid fast starts by accelerating gently andsmoothly from rest.

• Do not drive in the lower gears longer thannecessary.

• Decelerate gently and avoid sudden andheavy braking.

• Anticipate obstructions and adjust yourspeed accordingly well in advance.

DRIVE GENTLY - SAVE FUEL!

IMPORTANT DRIVING INFORMATION

Instruments & warning lightsBefore driving, it is important to fullyunderstand the function of the instrumentsand warning lights described in section 2.

NOTE: Red warning lights are of particularimportance, illumination indicates that a faultexists. If a red light illuminates, always stopthe vehicle and seek qualified assistancebefore continuing.

Vehicle stabilityYour vehicle has a higher ground clearanceand, therefore, a higher centre of gravity thanordinary passenger cars. This will result indifferent handling characteristics.Inexperienced drivers should take additionalcare, particularly in off-road driving situationsand when performing abrupt manoeuvres atinappropriate speeds or on unstable surfaces.

WARNING

Modifications to the suspension or steeringsystems could seriously affect the handlingcharacteristics of the vehicle and are NOTrecommended.

Starting & driving

50

Vehicle heightThe overall height of your vehicle exceeds thatof ordinary passenger cars. Always be awareof the height of your vehicle and check theavailable headroom, before driving throughlow entrances. This is particularly important ifa vehicle is fitted with a roof rack, or if thesunroof (if fitted) is open.

Auxiliary equipment

WARNING

DO NOT use auxiliary equipment such asroller generators, that are driven by onewheel of the vehicle, as they could causefailure of the gearbox differential. If thegearbox differential lock is engaged in anattempt to avoid damage, the vehicle willdrive itself forward.

Power assisted steeringPower assistance is progressively applied, themore the steering wheel is turned. Forexample; where manual steering effort wouldnormally be greatest (at slow speeds onmaximum lock), power assistance is greatest.Similarly, where only minimal steering effortwould normally be required (at high speedwith the wheels straight ahead), then powerassistance is also minimal, thus enabling thedriver to benefit from apparently consistentsteering effort at all times.

WARNING

Under no circumstances must the steeringwheel be held on full lock for more thanthirty seconds in one minute, otherwise thesteering assembly may be damaged.

NOTE: Power assistance is dependent on theengine running. If the engine is not running,greater effort will be required to steer thevehicle.

Catalytic converter

51

CATALYTIC CONVERTERThe exhaust system incorporates a catalyticconverter, which converts emissions from theengine, into environmentally less harmfulgases - thereby reducing atmosphericpollution.

WARNING

The catalytic converter can be easilydamaged through improper use, particularlyif the wrong fuel is used, or if an enginemisfire occurs. For this reason, it is VERYIMPORTANT that you heed the precautionswhich follow:

Catalytic converter

52

Fuel

• Use ONLY fuel recommended for yourvehicle.

Starting the engine

• DO NOT continue operating the starter ifthe engine fails to start after a fewattempts (unburnt fuel may be drawn intothe exhaust system, thereby poisoning thecatalyst) - seek qualified assistance.

• When starting a COLD engine, DO NOTdrive if a misfire is suspected - seekqualified assistance.

Driving

• Provided the engine has reached itsnormal operating temperature, if a misfireis suspected or the vehicle lacks powerwhile driving, it may be driven SLOWLY(at risk of catalyst damage) to a LandRover dealer for assistance.

• NEVER allow the vehicle to run out of fuel(the resultant misfire could destroy thecatalyst).

• Engines burning excessive oil (blue smokefrom the exhaust) will progressivelyreduce catalyst efficiency.

• On rough terrain, DO NOT allow theunderside of the vehicle to be subjected toheavy impacts which could damage thecatalytic converter.

• DO NOT overload or excessively rev theengine.

WARNING

Exhaust system temperatures can beextremely high - DO NOT park on groundwhere combustible materials, such as drygrass or leaves, could come into contactwith the exhaust system (in dry weather afire could result).

Switching off

• DO NOT switch off the engine while aforward or reverse gear is selected orwhilst the vehicle is in motion.

Vehicle maintenance

• Any engine misfire, loss of engineperformance or engine run-on, couldseriously damage the catalytic converter.For this reason, it is vital that unqualifiedpersons do not tamper with the engine,and that regular systematic maintenance iscarried out by a Land Rover dealer.

• DO NOT run the engine with a spark plugor H.T. lead removed, or use any devicethat requires an insert into a spark plug.

Fuel

53

USE ONLY UNLEADED FUEL

Octane requirementsALways use UNLEADED PETROL with a ratingof 95 RON minimum to EN228 specification.

Using unleaded fuel with an octane ratinglower than that recommended, can causepersistent, heavy ’engine knock’ (a metallicrapping sound). If severe, this can lead toengine damage.

If heavy engine knock is detected when usingthe recommended octane rated fuel, or if asteady engine knocking is present whilemaintaining a steady speed on level roads,contact your dealer for advice as soon aspossible. Failure to take measures to eliminateeither condition, constitutes misuse of thevehicle!

NOTE: An occasional light engine knock,experienced ONLY for short periods whileaccelerating or climbing hills, is acceptable.

WARNING

DO NOT use leaded fuel! Your engine isdesigned to use unleaded fuel ONLY.Unleaded fuel is essential for properoperation of the emission control system. Italso reduces spark plug fouling, exhaustsystem corrosion and engine oildeterioration.

Even a very small quantity of leaded fuel, willdamage your vehicle’s emission controlsystem and will damage the oxygen sensorsin the fuel injection system and also seriouslydamage the catalyst in the catalytic converter.

Fuel

54

Fuel fillingUnlock the fuel filler cap using the small metalkey marked ’FUEL’.

WARNING

To avoid any sudden discharge of fuelcaused by excessive air pressure, the cap isdesigned to allow the fuel tank to ventduring the first half turn. DO NOT fullyremove the cap until pressure has beenreleased.

Unless absolutely necessary, the fuel fillercap should not be removed unless thevehicle is standing on level ground.

DO NOT OVERFILL!

Most filling station pumps are equipped withautomatic cut-off sensing to avoid fuelspillage - only fill the tank until the filler nozzleautomatically shuts off. DO NOT attempt to fillthe tank beyond this point, or spillage couldresult due to expansion of the fuel.

WARNING

DO NOT fully fill the tank if the vehicle is tobe parked on a slope, in direct sunlight orhigh ambient temperature - expansion of thefuel could cause spillage.

Empty fuel tank

DO NOT RUN THE FUEL TANK DRY!Running the fuel tank dry could create anengine misfire capable of damaging thecatalytic converter.

SAFETY ON THE FORECOURTPetroleum gases are highly inflammableand in confined spaces are also explosive.Always take sensible precautions whenrefuelling:

• Switch off the engine.

• DO NOT smoke or use a naked flameor light.

• Take care not to spill fuel.

• DO NOT overfill the tank.

Gearbox & transmission

55


AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONThe automatic transmission features a fourspeed main gearbox with a torque converterand a two speed transfer box. A centredifferential in the transfer box distributespower to both front and rear axles, providingpermanent four wheel drive. Using the maingearbox in conjunction with the transfergearing, produces eight forward and tworeverse speeds.

Main selector leverA spring loaded catch, built into the handle ofthe gear selector lever, restricts movement ofthe lever, thereby preventing inadvertent gearselection. Press and hold the button (arrowedin illustration) to release the catch whilstmoving the lever to the required position.

NOTE: Gear selection between ’D’ and ’3’ maybe made without holding in the button.


56

Automatic selector lever positions’P’ (Park)

In this position the transmission is lockedto prevent the vehicle from rolling away.Select ONLY with the vehicle stationaryand the handbrake on.

’R’ (Reverse)Select ONLY when the vehicle isstationary.

’N’ (Neutral)Use this position when the vehicle isstationary and the engine is to idle for aprolonged period (eg. at traffic lights).

’D’ (Drive)Select drive for all your normal driving ongood road surfaces; fully automatic gearchanging occurs on all forward gearsaccording to vehicle speed and acceleratorposition.

’3’ (1st, 2nd and 3rd gears)Automatic gear changing is limited to first,second and third gears only. Use incongested traffic conditions and for towndriving.

’2’ (1st and 2nd gears)Automatic gear changing is limited to firstand second ratios only. Use when drivingup steep gradients and for negotiatingvery narrow twisting roads. This positionalso provides moderate engine braking fordescending steep slopes.

NOTE: If either ’2’ or ’1’ is selected from ’D’or ’3’ when the vehicle is travelling at highspeed, third gear will immediately engage.Progressive deceleration will then causedownshifts into second then first gear at theappropriate road speeds.

’1’ (1st gear only)Use on very severe gradients, particularlywhen towing, and when maximum enginebraking is required.

WARNING

When parked, always leave the vehicle withthe gear selector in ’P’ and the handbrakeapplied.


57

Starting and driving

NOTE: The engine will not start unless ’P’ or’N’ is selected in the main gearbox.

Drivers unfamiliar with the performancecharacteristics of automatic transmissionshould thoroughly familiarise themselves withthe following instructions before driving.

• Before starting the engine, ensure thatboth foot and handbrake are applied.

• After starting the engine, KEEP BOTHBRAKES APPLIED before and whilstmoving the selector lever to the requireddrive position.

• Keep the brakes applied until you areready to move - remember, once a drivegear is selected, an ’automatic’ will tend tocreep forward (or backward).

• Never ’rev’ the engine while selecting aforward or reverse drive gear, or while thevehicle is stationary with a drive gearselected - remember, an ’automatic’ willmove immediately when the acceleratorpedal is pressed.

Gear change speedsWith ’D’ selected, the road speed at whichgear changes take place will vary according tothe position of the accelerator. Minimumacceleration will result in low road speed gearchanges, while larger throttle openings willcause the main gearbox to delay gear changesuntil faster road speeds have been reached(thereby increasing acceleration).

With practice, gear changes can be made tooccur at a wide range of different road speeds,depending on accelerator pedal pressure.

On long inclines, an automatic gearbox willsometimes change back and forth betweengears. This occurs because the transmissiondoes not include a ratio that is precisely rightfor the particular incline and vehicle loadingcircumstances. Excessive gear changing iswasteful of fuel and results in a loss ofmomentum. It can be prevented by selectingthe ’3’ or ’2’ positions which limit the gearboxto lower ratios.

’Kick-down’To provide rapid acceleration for overtaking,’kick’ the accelerator pedal to the full extent ofits travel in a single, quick movement (knownas ’kick-down’). Up to a certain speed, this willcause an immediate downshift into the lowestappropriate gear, followed by rapidacceleration. Once the pedal is relaxed, normalgear change speeds will resume (dependenton road speed and accelerator pedal position).


58

TRANSFER GEARBOXThe two speed transfer gearbox, is used toselect either the high or low range of gearsand, in addition, also controls the centredifferential (known as the ’DIFF LOCK’).

High range (’H’)Use high range for all normal road driving andalso for off-road driving across dry, levelterrain.

Low range (’L’)Use low range gears when moving off fromrest when towing a heavy load, or in anysituation where low speed manoeuvring isnecessary, such as reversing a trailer ornegotiating a boulder strewn river bed; alsouse low range for more extreme off-roadconditions, where progress in high rangecannot be maintained.

WARNING

DO NOT attempt to change to LOW rangegears for normal road driving.

Neutral (’N’)With the transfer lever in neutral, drive cannotbe transmitted to the road wheels, regardlessof the position of the main gear lever. Usetransfer neutral when the vehicle has to betowed on four wheels, or when usingwinching facilities.

’Diff lock’ centre differentialUse the ’unlocked’ position for all normaldriving, and use the ’DIFF-LOCK’ position toimprove traction in extreme conditions wherewheel grip could be lost, such as: wet grass,mud, sand, ice or snow. Return to the’unlocked’ position as soon as dry, firm,ground is reached.

DO NOT use the ’diff lock’ unnecessarily!


59

USING THE TRANSFER GEARBOXThere are two ways of operating the transfergearbox lever; the ’normal’ method -recommended for inexperienced drivers - andthe ’advanced’ method for experienceddrivers.

Normal methodWith the vehicle stationary and the enginerunning, apply both foot brake and handbrakeand then move the main gear selector to the’N’ (neutral) position before moving thetransfer lever fully forward or backwards tothe required position.

If there is resistance to the gear engaging, donot force the lever. Instead, with the enginerunning, apply the foot brake and handbrake,momentarily engage ’D’ on the main gearboxthen return it to the ’N’ position and try again.

Advanced methodChanging from ’H’ (high) to ’L’ (low) or viceversa without stopping the vehicle can beachieved as follows:

Reduce (or increase) the speed of the vehicleto 5 mph (8 km/h) and release the accelerator.Select ’N’ with the main gear selector andmove the transfer lever quickly to the required’H’ or ’L’ position. Finaly, reselect ’D’ with themain gear selector and continue driving asnormal.

NOTE: This operation applies to ’H’ to ’L’ and’L’ to ’H’ changes equally.


60

THE DIFFERENTIAL LOCKUnlike some four wheel drive vehicles, allLand Rover vehicles have permanent fourwheel drive. This is achieved by the inclusionof a lockable differential between the front andrear drive shafts. With the differential locked,the drive shafts to front and rear axles are (ineffect) joined together, causing both to rotateat the same speed. This is a normal featurewith all four wheel drive vehicles andenhances traction on difficult off-roadsurfaces. However, with the differentialunlocked the different running requirementsof the two axles can be accommodated,thereby enabling Land Rover vehicles tooperate permanently in four wheel drive forboth normal AND off-road use.

’Diff lock’ centre differentialUse the ’unlocked’ position for all normaldriving, and use the ’DIFF-LOCK’ position toimprove traction in extreme conditions wherewheel grip could be lost, such as: wet grass,mud, sand, ice or snow. Return to the’unlocked’ position as soon as dry, firm,ground is reached.

DO NOT use the ’diff lock’ unnecessarily!

Selecting diff lockThe diff lock can be engaged, or disengaged,either with the vehicle stationary, or whendriving at any road speed. However, with thevehicle in motion, it is ESSENTIAL to betravelling on firm ground, in a straight line,and without wheel slip.

WARNING

DO NOT engage the diff lock if one or morewheels are slipping - this could damage thetransmission. If wheels are slipping, easeoff the accelerator before engaging the difflock.

DO NOT engage the diff lock from thetransfer neutral position.

To lock the differential:Move the transfer gear lever to the left - fromeither ’H’ (high) or ’L’ (low) position (thewarning light on the instrument panel willilluminate).

To unlock the differential:Move the transfer gear lever to the right - toeither ’H’ (high) or ’L’ (low) position asrequired; when the diff lock disengages thewarning light will extinguish.


61

When to use the diff lockAs a general rule, the differential should onlybe locked in order to drive off-road on looseand slippery surfaces, or on-road whereextreme ice or snow conditions areencountered.

ALWAYS unlock the differential for normalroad driving, or as soon as a hard grippysurface is reached, whether high or low gearsare selected.

NOTE: A valuable introduction to off-roaddriving, which includes many usefulreferences to the transfer gearbox and ’difflock’, is included in the ’Off-road driving’section of the handbook.

WARNING

If the vehicle is driven on normal roadsurfaces with the differential locked, thesteering will feel stiff, excessive tyre wearwill occur and the transmission will be’wound up’. This places excessive strain onthe transmission.

Diff lock warning lightThe amber warning light on theinstrument panel illuminates

when the diff lock is actually engaged - ratherthan when it has been selected. Similarly itwill only extinguish when the diff lock isactually disengaged. This accounts for a slightdelay between diff lock deselection and thewarning light extinguishing which is quitenormal.


Transmission ’wind up’

If the warning light is obviously reluctantto extinguish after the diff lock has beendeselected, some transmission ’wind up’may be present.

Reversing the vehicle for a short distanceand then going forward will usually’unwind’ the transmission and extinguishthe light and the vehicle can then bedriven as normal. However, if after two orthree attempts to ’unwind’ thetransmission the light remains on,consult your dealer AS SOON ASPOSSIBLE.

Brakes

62

BRAKING SYSTEMAs a safety precaution, the hydraulic brakingsystem operates through dual circuits. If onecircuit fails, the other will continue to function,but increased brake pedal travel and longerstopping distances will be experienced.

Servo assistanceThe braking system is servo assisted, butONLY when the engine is running. Withoutthis assistance, greater braking effort isnecessary to safely control the vehicle,resulting in longer stopping distances. Alwaysobserve the following precautions:

• NEVER allow the vehicle to coast with theengine turned off.

• ALWAYS take particular care when beingtowed with the engine turned off.

• If the engine should stop for any reasonwhile the vehicle is in motion, bring thevehicle to a halt as quickly as trafficconditions safely allow, and DO NOT pumpthe brake pedal as the braking system maylose any remaining assistance available.

Brake padsBrake pads require a period of bedding in. Youshould avoid heavy braking, except inemergencies, for at least the first 500 miles(800 km).

Remember that regular servicing is vital toensure that the brake pads are examined forwear and changed periodically to ensure longterm safety and optimum performance.

WARNING

DO NOT rest your foot on the brake pedalwhile travelling, as this may overheat thebrakes, reduce their efficiency and causeexcessive wear.

NEVER move a vehicle without the enginerunning, because braking assistance will notbe available. The pedal brakes will stillfunction, but more pressure will berequired.

NEVER place additional floor matting, or anyother obstruction, under the brake pedal.This restricts pedal travel and brakingefficiency.

ALWAYS take particular care when beingtowed with the engine turned off.

If the brake warning light should illuminatewhile the vehicle is in motion, bring thevehicle to a halt as quickly as trafficconditions and safety permit and seekqualified assistance before continuing - DONOT pump the brake pedal. If the brakepedal is pumped, the braking system maylose any remaining assistance available.

Wet conditionsDriving through water, or even very heavyrain, may adversely affect braking efficiency.Always dry the braking surfaces byintermittent light application of the brakes,first ensuring that you are at a safe distancefrom other road users.

Brakes

63

HANDBRAKEUnlike most other vehicles, the handbrakeoperates on the rear propeller shaft, and NOTon the road wheels. This may result in slightmovement of the vehicle after the handbrakeis applied.

To engage the handbrake, depress the buttonand pull the lever up.

To release, pull the lever up slightly, depressthe button and lower the lever.

Always apply the handbrake fully wheneveryou park.

When parking on steep slopes, move thetransfer lever into low range or engage the difflock, for extra security.

WARNING

DO NOT apply the handbrake while thevehicle is in motion, as this could result inloss of vehicle control and damage to thetransmission.

DO NOT rely on the handbrake to operateeffectively, if the vehicle has been subjectedto immersion in mud and water (see’Off-road driving’).

ALWAYS use the wheel chock when jackingthe vehicle. Even with the handbrakeapplied, vehicle movement is likely due totolerances in the transmission.

Towing & load carrying

64

TOWINGThe torque ranges of Land Rover enginesallow maximum-weight loads to be pulledsmoothly from standstill and reduce gearchanging on hills or rough terrain.

WARNING

Only fit towing accessories that have beendesigned and approved by Land Rover.

Ensure that the gross weight and maximumaxle weights are not exceeded.

When preparing your vehicle for towing,always pay careful attention to the trailermanufacturer’s recommendations and thefollowing guidelines.

• Ensure that the towing vehicle tyrepressures are correct and that the trailertyre pressures are as recommended by thetrailer manufacturer.

• With the trailer and vehicle unladen,balance the combination so that the trailerdraw bar and the hitch point on the vehicleare at the same height. Adjust the heightof the hitch point if necessary.

• Check the operation of trailer brakes andlights.

• For maximum stability, ensure that loadsare properly secured and unable to shiftposition during transit. Also, positionloads so that most of the weight is placedclose to the floor and, where possible,immediately above or close to the traileraxle(s).

• After loading the trailer, check that theweight on the hitch ball (this is called thenose weight), is in accordance with themanufacturer’s recommendations.

• When calculating the laden weight of thetrailer, remember to include the weight ofthe trailer PLUS THE LOAD.

• Where the load weight can be dividedbetween trailer and tow vehicle, loadingmore weight into the vehicle will generallyimprove the stability of the combination.

• A smooth start will be achieved withtrailers over 3307 lb (1500 kg), by movingoff in LOW range, then changing to HIGHrange while on the move (see ’Transfergearbox’).


65

NOTE: It is very important to ensure that national regulations governing towing weights andspeed limits are observed (refer to an appropriate motoring organisation for information). Thefollowing maximum permissible towed weights refer to the vehicle’s design limitations and NOT toany specific territorial restriction.

Maximum permissible towed weights On-road Off-roadUnbraked trailers 1653 lb (750 kg)............................................ 1102 lb (500 kg)................

Trailers with brakes 7716 lb (3500 kg)....................................... 2204 lb (1000 kg)..............

NOSE WEIGHTThe maximum trailer nose weight is 330 lb(150 kg). The nose weight, plus the combinedweight of the vehicle’s load carrying area andpassengers, must never exceed the maximumrear axle load or the gross vehicle weight (asshown in ’General data’).

WARNING

DO NOT carry unsecured equipment, tools orluggage which could move and causepersonal injury in the event of an accident oremergency manoeuvre, either on or offroad.

VEHICLE WEIGHTSWhen loading a vehicle to its maximum (grossvehicle weight), consideration must be takenof the unladen vehicle weight and thedistribution of the load, to ensure that axleloadings do not exceed the permittedmaximum values.

It is your responsibility to limit the vehicleload in such a way, that neither the maximumaxle loads, nor the gross vehicle weight areexceeded (see ’General data’).

WARNING

The nose weight, plus the combined weightof the vehicle’s load carrying area andpassengers (if applicable), must neverexceed the maximum rear axle load or grossvehicle weight.


66

Trailer socketWhen the engine is running, powerconsumption from the trailer socket mustNOT exceed 5 amps.

WARNING

ALWAYS consult your dealer for adviceregarding the approval, suitability,installation and use of any parts oraccessories before fitting.

ROOF RACKALWAYS use an approved roof rack andfollow the manufacturer’s fitting instructionscarefully. A full list of all available accessoriesis available from your Land Rover dealer.


• The MAXIMUM roof rack load is165 lb (75 kg).

• A loaded roof rack can reduce thestability of the vehicle, particularlywhen cornering and encounteringcross winds.

• All loads should be evenlydistributed and secured within theperiphery of the rack.

• Always secure the load to the siderails, not just to the cross rails.

• Only fit roof racks that have beendesigned for your vehicle. If indoubt, consult your dealer.

WARNING

The roof rack load, plus the combinedweight of the vehicle’s load carrying areaand passengers, must never exceed themaximum rear axle load or the gross vehicleweight.

Emergency starting

67

Starting an engine with a discharged batteryThe ONLY recommended methods ofrestarting a vehicle with a discharged batteryare:

• The use of a substitute battery fitted to thedisabled vehicle.

• The use of booster cables to connect thebattery from a donor vehicle to thedischarged battery.

USING BOOSTER CABLES

WARNING

Batteries emit explosive hydrogen gas -keep sparks and open flame away from thebattery compartment.

DO NOT attempt to jump start the vehicle ifthe electrolyte in the battery is suspected ofbeing frozen.

DO NOT disconnect the discharged battery.

Make sure BOTH batteries are of the samevoltage (12 volts), and that the boostercables have insulated clamps and areapproved for use with 12 volt batteries.

DO NOT connect positive (+) terminals tonegative (-) terminals, and ensure boostercables are kept away from any moving partsin the engine compartment.

Take care when working near rotating partsof the engine.

Always adopt the following procedure whenusing booster cables:

1. If a donor vehicle is to be used, bothvehicles should be parked with theirbattery locations adjacent to each other.Ensure that the two vehicles do not touch.

2. Apply the handbrakes and ensure that thetransmission of both vehicles is set in ’P’(neutral for donor vehicles fitted withmanual transmission).

3. Turn off the starter switch and ALLelectrical equipment of BOTH vehicles.

4. Connect the RED booster cable betweenthe positive (+) terminal of the donorbattery and the positive (+) terminal of thedischarged battery.

5. Connect the BLACK booster cable from thenegative (-) terminal of the donor batteryto a good earthing point on the disabledvehicle (eg. an engine mounting or otherunpainted metal surface) - at least 20 in(0.5 m) from the battery and well awayfrom fuel and brake lines. For safetyreasons, DO NOT connect this cable tothe negative terminal of the dischargedbattery.

6. Check that the booster cables are clear ofany moving parts in either engine, thenstart the engine of the donor vehicle andallow it to idle for a few minutes.

7. Now start the vehicle with the dischargedbattery (DO NOT crank the engine formore than 15 seconds at a time).

Emergency starting

68

8. Once both engines are running normally,allow them to idle for two minutes beforeswitching off the engine of the donorvehicle and disconnecting the boostercables. DO NOT switch on any electricalcircuits on the previously disabled vehicle,until AFTER the booster cables have beenremoved.

9. Disconnecting the booster cables must bean EXACT reversal of the connectingprocedure, ie; disconnect the BLACKcable from the earthing point on thedisabled vehicle FIRST.

Vehicle recovery

69

VEHICLE RECOVERYIf it is necessary to recover the vehicle bytowing, always adhere to the followingprocedure:

Towing the vehicle (on four-wheels)

1. Turn the starter switch to the first positionto unlock the steering and leave in thisposition while the vehicle is being towed.

2. Set the main gearbox and transfer box inneutral.

3. Ensure the differential lock is in theunlocked position.

4. Secure the towing attachment to thevehicle.

5. Release the handbrake.

NOTE: If, due to an accident or electricalfault, it is not considered safe to turn thestarter switch, the battery must bedisconnected.


DO NOT attempt to tow the vehicle unlessthe starter switch is turned to position ’I’(to unlock the steering).

• DO NOT attempt to remove thestarter key, or turn the switch toposition ’0’, while the vehicle is inmotion.

• Without the engine running, thebrake servo and power steeringpump cannot provide assistance.Greater brake pedal and steeringeffort, are therefore necessary tosafely control the vehicle.

• DO NOT tow the vehicle on fourwheels over long distances.

Vehicle recovery

70

Suspended tow

WARNING

Your vehicle has permanent four wheeldrive - the propeller shaft MUST be removedfrom the axle to be trailed.

If the front axle is to be trailed, ALWAYSadhere to the following precautions:

• Ensure the four bolts securing the frontpropeller shaft to the gearbox, are tightlysecured with the appropriate nuts afterdisconnecting the propeller shaft -otherwise serious damage to the gearboxmay occur.

• Unlock the steering.

• Secure the steering wheel and/or linkage,in the straight ahead position - thesteering lock MUST NOT be used for thispurpose.

WARNING

The propeller shaft MUST only bereconnected by a qualified Land Roverengineer. Contact your Land Rover dealerfor further information.

Transporter or trailer lashingUse the towing rings on the front and rearcross members as lashing points (seeillustration). DO NOT secure lashing hooks ortrailer fixings, to any other part of the vehicle.

Ancillary equipment

71

WinchesA number of different winches, suited to jobsranging from vehicle recovery to haulage, canbe fitted to your Defender. For furtherinformation on the types of winch availableand their various uses, contact your LandRover dealer.

As winch operation will vary considerably ondifferent winch units, it is essential that themanufacturer’s operating instructions areunderstood and followed carefully.

Winch safety

WARNING

If used incorrectly, winches can beextremely dangerous.

ALWAYS follow the manufacturer’soperating instructions carefully.

NEVER stand near, or astride a winchingcable whilst it is under tension.

ALWAYS wear protective gloves whenhandling winching cables.

In addition;

• DO NOT attempt to continue winching ifthe winch has stalled due to overloading.

• Inspect the winch and cable regularly -ALWAYS have worn or damaged partsreplaced immediately.

• Only use recommended replacement partsof the same specification as the originalequipment - failure to do so, may not onlydamage the winch, but may cause seriouspersonal injury.

After winchingWhilst wearing thick, protective gloves, cleanand lubricate the cable with a recommendedcable lubricant. For further information,consult your Land Rover dealer.

WARNING

NEVER allow a cable to kink, coil or overlap.

NOTE: If a capstan winch is used, ensure therope is cleaned and dried before stowing.

73

The long-term safety, reliability andperformance of your vehicle will depend verylargely on how well it is maintained.

Maintenance is the owner’s responsibility andit is ESSENTIAL that all routine services arecarried out by a Land Rover dealer at thespecified intervals. These are shown in theService Portfolio, included in the literaturepack. The Service Portfolio also providesspaces for your dealer to record thecompletion of each service, as and when it iscarried out, thus creating a valuable andcomprehensive record of the maintenancehistory of your vehicle.

This section of the handbook includesinformation to assist the owner carry outthose daily, weekly and monthly checks thatare also necessary to ensure safe, reliablemotoring.

SECTION 4Owner maintenance

Section Contents PageOwner maintenance 75...................................Safety in the garage 77...................................Bonnet opening 78.........................................Engine compartment 79.................................Tyres 87.........................................................Washer jets & wiper blades 89.......................Battery 90.......................................................Wheel changing 93.........................................Fuses 98.........................................................Bulb replacement 101.....................................Cleaning & vehicle care 107............................

Owner maintenance

75

OWNER MAINTENANCEIn addition to the routine services, whichshould be carried out by your Land Roverdealer at the intervals shown in the ServicePortfolio, a number of simple checks (listedbelow) must be carried out by the owner ordriver on a regular basis.These are fully described on the pages thatfollow.

Daily checks

• Operation of lights, horn, directionindicators, wipers, washers and warninglights.

• Operation of seat belts and brakes.

• Look for deposits on the garage floorwhich may indicate a fluid leak.

Weekly checksThese should be carried out at least every 250miles or 400 km.

• Engine oil level.

• Cooling system level.

• Screen washer reservoir level.

• Condition and pressure of tyres.

Monthly checks

• Brake fluid level.

• Power steering fluid level.

• Automatic gearbox oil level.

All fluid specifications and capacities areshown in ’General data’.

WARNING

If brake pedal travel is unusually long, or ifthere is any evident loss of brake fluid,contact your dealer immediately.

Any significant or sudden drop in fluidlevels, or uneven tyre wear, should bereported to a Land Rover dealer withoutdelay.


Special operating conditionsWhen a vehicle is operated in extremelyarduous conditions, or on dusty, wet ormuddy terrain, more frequent attentionmust be paid to servicing requirements.

For example; if your vehicle experiencesdeep wading conditions, even DAILYservicing could be necessary to ensurethe continued safe and reliable operationof the vehicle.

Contact a Land Rover dealer for advice.

Owner maintenance

76

Planned maintenanceRegular systematic maintenance is the key toensuring the continued reliability andefficiency of your vehicle.

The routine maintenance requirements foryour vehicle, are shown in the ServicePortfolio. Most of this necessary workshopmaintenance requires specialised knowledgeand equipment and should preferably beentrusted to your Land Rover dealer.

Emission controlYour vehicle is fitted with various items ofemission and evaporative control equipment,designed to meet specific territorialrequirements.

You should be aware that unauthorisedreplacement, modification or tampering withthis equipment by an owner or repair shop,may be unlawful and subject to legal penalties.

In addition, engine settings must not betampered with. These have been established,to ensure that your vehicle complies withstringent exhaust emission regulations.Incorrect engine settings may adversely affectexhaust emissions, engine performance andfuel consumption, as well as causing hightemperatures, which will result in damage tothe catalytic converter and the vehicle.

Road testing on dynamometers(’rolling roads’)

WARNING

Because your vehicle is equipped withpermanent four-wheel drive, it is essentialthat any dynamometer testing is carried outONLY by a qualified person familiar with thedynamometer testing and safety procedures,practised by Land Rover dealers. Contactyour Land Rover dealer for furtherinformation.

Owner maintenance

77

SAFETY IN THE GARAGE

Whenever you carry out maintenance onyour vehicle, the following safetyprecautions should be observed at all times.

• ALWAYS keep hands, tools and items ofclothing, clear of all drive belts andpulleys.

• DO NOT touch exhaust or cooling systemcomponents until they are cool.

• DO NOT touch electrical leads orcomponents with the starter switch turnedon.

• NEVER leave the engine running in anunventilated area - exhaust gases arepoisonous and contain carbon monoxide,which can cause unconsciousness andmay even be fatal.

• DO NOT work beneath the vehicle, with thelifting jack as the only means of support.

• Ensure sparks and open flame are keptaway from the engine and batterycompartments.

WARNING

Remember; cooling fans and airconditioning system condenser fans (iffitted), may continue to operate after theengine is switched off. Always wait until thefans have completely stopped moving,before working in the engine compartment.

Poisonous liquidsMost liquids and lubricants used in motorvehicles are poisonous and should not beconsumed, or brought into contact with openwounds. These include: battery acid,anti-freeze, brake and power steering fluid, aswell as petrol, engine oil and windscreenwasher additives.

For your own safety, ALWAYS read and obeyall instructions printed on labels andcontainers.

Used engine oilProlonged contact with engine oil may causeserious skin disorders, including dermatitisand skin cancer. ALWAYS wash thoroughlyafter contact.

It is illegal to pollute drains, water courses orsoil with toxic chemicals such as used engineoil. ALWAYS dispose of vehicle liquids andlubricants, at authorised waste disposal sitesor at garages which provide facilities for thereceipt of discharged batteries, used engineoil and toxic chemicals. If in doubt, contactyour Local Authority for advice.

PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT!

Bonnet opening

78

WARNING

Ensure the wipers are switched off and havereturned to the parked position beforeopening the bonnet.

Pull the bonnet release handle.

Lift the safety catch lever (as illustration) andraise the bonnet.

Raise the bonnet until the stay fully extends.Release the bonnet, ensuring that the staylocks into position.

Closing the bonnetAfter closing the bonnet, check that the lock isfully engaged by attempting to lift the frontedge of the bonnet. This should be free fromall movement.

Engine compartment

79

Right hand steering

1. Radiator filler cap

2. Power steering reservoir

3. Brake fluid reservoir

4. Automatic gearbox dipstick

5. Engine compartment fuse box

6. Washer reservoir

7. Cooling system reservoir

8. Engine oil dipstick

9. Engine oil filler cap

WARNING

Ensure that sparks and open flame are keptaway from the engine compartment.

Engine compartment

80

Left hand steering

1. Radiator filler cap

2. Power steering reservoir

3. Automatic gearbox dipstick

4. Engine compartment fuse box

5. Brake fluid reservoir

6. Washer reservoir

7. Cooling system reservoir

8. Engine oil dipstick

9. Engine oil filler cap

WARNING

Ensure that sparks and open flame are keptaway from the engine compartment.

Engine compartment

81

ENGINE OIL LEVEL-CHECK & TOP-UPCheck the oil level at least every 250 miles(400 km) (or daily in arduous operatingconditions), when the engine is HOT and withthe vehicle resting on level ground.

Switch off the engine and let the vehicle standfor five minutes to allow the oil to drain backinto the sump. Withdraw the dipstick and wipethe blade clean, then fully reinsert the dipstickand withdraw again to check the level, whichshould NEVER be allowed to fall below thelower mark on the dipstick.

To top-up, unscrew the oil filler cap and addoil to maintain the level between the UPPERand LOWER marks on the dipstick.

DO NOT OVERFILL!

As a general guide, if the level on thedipstick:

• is nearer to the upper mark than the lower,add no oil.

• is nearer to the lower mark than the upper,add half a litre of oil.

• is below the lower mark, add one litre ofoil and re-check the level after a furtherfive minutes.

NOTE: If it is necessary to check the oil levelwhen the engine is cold, DO NOT start theengine. Follow the procedure detailed above,but re-check the oil level as soon as theengine has reached its normal operatingtemperature.

Oil specificationsIt is essential to use an oil suitable for theclimatic conditions in which the vehicle is tobe operated. Precise specifications are shownin ’General data’. If in doubt, contact yourLand Rover dealer.

Engine compartment

82

AUTOMATIC GEARBOX FLUID LEVEL CHECK& TOP-UP

The automatic gearbox fluid must only bechecked when the engine and gearbox arecold (see ’Note’ below).

Ensure the vehicle is resting on level groundwith the handbrake applied, then start theengine and select ’P’ (Park) .

With the engine running, withdraw thedipstick from the filler tube and wipe the bladeclean. Reinsert the dipstick fully and withdrawagain to check the level. Top-up to maintainthe level between the UPPER and LOWERmarkings on the dipstick, with a fluid meetingthe minimum specification defined in ’Generaldata’.

NOTE: In extreme ambient temperatures, thelevel of fluid showing on the dipstick will vary.To ensure an accurate reading, the levelshould be checked at an ambient temperatureof 68˚F (20˚C).

DO NOT OVERFILL!

Engine compartment

83

COOLING SYSTEM TOP-UP

WARNING

NEVER remove the filler cap (1), or radiatorfiller plug, when the engine is hot -escaping steam or scalding water couldcause serious injury.

The coolant level in the reservoir should bechecked at least weekly (more frequently inhigh mileage or arduous operatingconditions). Always check the level WHENTHE SYSTEM IS COLD.

Unscrew the filler cap and plug slowly,allowing the pressure to escape beforeremoving completely.

Never run the engine without coolant.

As well as removing the reservoir cap (1),carefully unscrew the radiator filler plug,allowing pressure to escape before removingcompletely.

Top the coolant reservoir and the radiator up,if necessary, with a 50% mixture of anti-freezeand water to maintain the level atapproximately 0.5 in (12 mm) below theradiator filler neck and up to the level indicatorin the coolant reservoir. Ensure the filler capand plug are tightened fully after top-up iscompleted.

DO NOT overfill. This may result in damage tothe radiator.

If the level has fallen appreciably, suspectleakage or overheating and arrange for yourdealer to examine your vehicle.

Engine compartment

84

Anti-freezeAnti-freeze contains important corrosioninhibitors. Ensure the 50% anti-freeze/watersolution is maintained and topped up all yearround (not just in cold conditions). Failure todo so may cause corrosion of the radiator andengine components.

Use an ethylene glycol based anti-freeze(containing no methanol), withnon-phosphate corrosion inhibitors, suitablefor use in aluminium engines. The specificgravity of a 50% anti-freeze solution at 68° F(20° C), is 1.075 and protects against frostdown to -33° F (-36° C).

WARNING

Anti-freeze is poisonous and can be fatal ifswallowed. if accidental consumption ofanti-freeze is suspected, seek medicalattention immediately.

Prevent anti-freeze coming in contact withthe skin or eyes. If this occurs, rinseimmediately with plenty of water.

Anti-freeze will damage painted surfaces.

NEVER top-up with salt water. Even whentravelling in territories where the watersupply contains salt, always ensure youcarry a supply of fresh (rain or distilled)water.

WINDSCREEN WASHER TOP-UPThe windscreen washer reservoir alsosupplies the rear screen (if fitted).

Check the reservoir level and top-up with amixture of water and an approved screenwasher solvent, to approximately 1 in (25mm) below the bottom of the filler neck. Incold weather, to prevent freezing, use a screenwasher solvent containing isopropanol.

Operate the washer switches to check that thenozzles are clear and properly directed.

WARNING

DO NOT use an anti-freeze solution in thewasher reservoir. Anti-freeze will damagepainted surfaces.

Engine compartment

85

WARNING

Contact your dealer immediately if braketravel is unusually long, or if there is anyappreciable drop in brake fluid.

BRAKE FLUID CHECKThe fluid level will fall slightly during use, as aresult of brake pad wear, but should not beallowed to fall below the ’MIN’ mark. Anysubstantial drop in fluid indicates a leak in thesystem, in which case the vehicle must NOTbe driven and you should contact your dealer.

With the vehicle on level ground, check thefluid level at least every week (more frequentlyin high mileage or arduous operatingconditions). Check the level visually throughthe side of the transparent container, withoutremoving the filler cap.

Topping-upWipe the filler cap clean before removing, toprevent dirt from entering the reservoir, thentop up to the ’MAX’ mark using FMVSS 116DOT 4 fluid.

Use only new fluid from an airtight container(old fluid from opened containers, or fluidpreviously bled from the system must NOT beused).

DO NOT OVERFILL!

WARNING

DO NOT drive the vehicle with the fluid levelbelow the ’MIN’ mark.

Brake fluid is poisonous and can be fatal ifswallowed. If accidental consumption ofbrake fluid is suspected, seek medicalattention immediately.

Brake fluid will damage painted surfaces;soak up any spillage with an absorbant clothimmediately and wash the area with amixture of car shampoo and water.

If brake fluid should come into contact withthe skin or eyes, rinse immediately withplenty of water.

Engine compartment

86

POWER STEERING TOP-UPONLY check the fluid level with the engineswitched off and when the system is cold andensure that the steering wheel is not turnedafter stopping the engine.

Wipe the filler cap to prevent dirt fromentering the reservoir.

Remove the filler cap and, using a lint-freecloth, wipe the dipstick clean. Refit the capfully and remove it again to check the fluidlevel. Ensure the fluid level is between theUPPER mark and the end of the dipstick. Ifnecessary, top up with a fluid meeting DexronII or III specification, ensuring no dirt entersthe reservoir.

DO NOT fill above the UPPER mark on thedipstick.

WARNING

DO NOT start the engine if the fluid level hasdropped below the dipstick - severe damageto the steering system could result.

Tyres

87

WARNING

Never drive your vehicle if the tyres arebadly worn, cut or damaged, or if thepressures are incorrect.

Incorrectly inflated tyres wear rapidly andseriously affect the vehicle’s safety and roadhandling characteristics.

Caring for your tyresAlways drive with consideration for thecondition of the tyres and frequently inspectthe tread and side walls for signs of distortionor damage (in particular, look for lumps, cutsand bulges).

Tyre pressuresTyre pressures should be checked at leastonce a week with normal road use, but shouldbe checked DAILY if the vehicle is usedoff-road.

Check the pressures - including the spare -when the tyres are cold (air pressure naturallyincreases in warm tyres). The recommendedpressures are shown in ’General data’.

WARNING

If the vehicle has been parked in strongsunlight, or is used in high ambienttemperatures, DO NOT reduce tyrepressures; instead, move the vehicle intoshade and allow the tyres to cool beforechecking.

Tyre wearSome tyres fitted as original equipment, havewear indicators moulded into the treadpattern. When the tread has worn down to1/16 in (1.6 mm), the indicators startappearing at the surface of the tread pattern,producing the effect of a continuous band ofrubber across the width of the tyre.

A tyre MUST be replaced as soon as anindicator band becomes visible, or the treaddepth reaches the minimum permitted bylegislation.

Tread depth must be checked regularly (atevery maintenance service, or morefrequently). Always replace a tyre before thetread reaches a remaining depth of 1/16 in(1.6 mm). DO NOT drive with tyres worn tothis limit, the safety of the vehicle and itsoccupants will be adversely affected.

NOTE: After off-road use, check to make surethere are no lumps or bulges in the tyres orexposure of the ply or cord structure.

Valve capsKeep the valve caps screwed down firmly toprevent dirt from entering the valve.

Replacement tyresWheel rims and tyres are matched to suit thehandling characteristics of the vehicle. Forsafety, ALWAYS check that replacement tyrescomply with the manufacturer’s originalspecification and that the load rating shownon the side wall is the same as that of theoriginal equipment. Contact your Land Roverdealer for further information or assistance.

Tyres

88

WARNING

ALWAYS use the same make and type ofradial-ply tyres front and rear. DO NOT usebias-ply tyres, or interchange tyres fromfront to rear.

• If the wheel is marked ’TUBELESS’, aninner tube must NOT be fitted.

NOTE: Tyre sizes and pressures are shown in’General data’.

WARNING

Do not replace wheels with any type otherthan genuine Land Rover parts.

Wheels and tyres are designed for bothoff-road and on-road use and have a veryimportant influence upon the correctoperation of the suspension system andvehicle handling.

Alternative wheels which do not meetoriginal equipment specifications should notbe fitted.

Snow chains

WARNING

DO NOT fit snow chains - this could damagethe vehicle.

For more information or assistance, consultyour Land Rover dealer.

Washer jets & wiper blades

89

WASHER JETSTo adjust a washer jet, insert a needle into thejet orifice (see inset) and lever gently toposition the jet.

WIPER BLADE REPLACEMENTTo renew a front or rear wiper blade, lift thewiper arm away from the screen, press theretaining clip (arrowed), push the blade awayfrom the arm and then unhook the wiperblade.

Locate the new blade assembly on the arm,hook it to the swivel bracket and push intoengagement until the blade is retained by theclip.

Always fit wiper blades that are identical to theoriginal specification.

NOTE: Before renewing the rear wiper blade,it is necessary to remove the spare wheelfrom its mounting position on the rear door.

Battery

90

The battery is located underneath the left-handfront seat. Pull up the front of the seat base torelease it from its retaining clips and pull itforward. Release the buckle on the front of thebattery compartment and slide off the lid.

When refitting the seat base, insert the rear ofthe base first and then push down firmly onthe front to re-engage the retaining clips -ENSURE the seat base is secure beforedriving.

WARNING

Batteries contain sulphuric acid. If the acidcomes in contact with the eyes or skin, washimmediately with cold water and seekmedical advice.

During normal operation, batteries emitexplosive hydrogen gas - ensure sparks andopen flame are kept away from the batterycompartment.

To reduce the risk of a short circuit, removeall metal wrist bands and jewellery beforeworking in the battery compartment andNEVER allow the battery terminals orvehicle leads, to make contact with tools ormetal parts of the vehicle.

Battery

91

The battery fitted to your vehicle requiresminimal attention, as follows:

• In temperate climates, check theelectrolyte level once every 3 years. In hotclimates, check the level annually.

• Occasionally wipe the battery casing, toremove dirt and grease.

• Keep the battery terminals clean and freefrom corrosion, by occasionally smearingthem with petroleum jelly.

Checking the electrolyte levelGently prise off the vent covers (or unscrew ifvent plugs are fitted) and inspect theelectrolyte level of each cell. This should be nolower than 0.04 in (1 mm) above the top ofthe plates. If necessary, top up with distilledwater to a maximum of 0.12 in(3 mm) above the plates.

Battery removal and replacementYour vehicle may be fitted with a batterybacked-up sounder, which operates as ananti-theft siren if the main battery isdisconnected.

If it is necessary to remove the main vehiclebattery, it is essential to adopt the followingprocedure before disconnecting the terminals,in order to prevent the siren from sounding.

1. Turn the starter switch ’on’ and then ’off’,then remove the key.

2. Disconnect the vehicle battery WITHIN 15SECONDS (if it is not disconnected within15 seconds, the back-up siren will soundimmediately the battery terminals aredisconnected.

ALWAYS disconnect the negative (’-’) terminalfirst. When replacing, connect the positive(’+’) terminal first.

If the siren sounds when the battery isreconnected, it CANNOT be turned off in thenormal way (ie. by operating the handsetbuttons). To deactivate the siren, disarm thealarm with the handset and turn the starterswitch to position ’II’.

Battery

92

WARNING

To avoid damaging the vehicle’s electricalsystem, ensure correct polarity whenrefitting the battery.

ONLY fit a replacement battery of the sametype and specification as the original. Otherbatteries may vary in size and have differentterminal positions, capable of creating apotential fire hazard if the terminals or leadswere to come into contact with the batteryclamp assembly.

DO NOT use a high speed battery charger asa starting aid.

DO NOT let the engine run without thebattery connected.

Battery chargingBatteries generate explosive gases, containcorrosive acid and supply levels of electriccurrent high enough to cause serious burns.Before charging, ensure the battery is properlytopped up and ALWAYS observe the followingprecautions while charging the battery:

• Always remove the battery from thevehicle.

• Make sure the battery charger isdisconnected from its power supply,before connecting the leads to the batteryterminals.

• Make sure the charging leads are securelyclamped, before switching on the charger,and DO NOT move the clamps while thecharger is switched on.

• Shield your eyes, or avoid leaning over thebattery.

• Keep the area around the top of the batterywell ventilated.

• Keep open flame clear of the battery(batteries emit inflammable hydrogenduring and after charging).

• When charging is complete, switch off thecharger before disconnecting the chargingleads, and then leave the battery for anhour BEFORE reconnection to the vehicle.

Wheel changing

93


Before jacking the vehicle, always observethe following precautions!

• Park your vehicle away from thethoroughfare, and make yourpassengers wait in a safe areaAWAY from the vehicle.

• Switch on the hazard warning lightsto alert other road users.

• ALWAYS engage the differential lockbefore jacking (warning light onfascia illuminates).

• Apply the handbrake and select ’P’ inthe main gear box and select ’L’ inthe transfer box. Turn off the starterswitch and remove the key.

• NEVER jack the vehicle withpassengers inside, or with a caravanor trailer connected!

• NEVER work beneath the vehiclewith the jack as the only means ofsupport. The jack is designed forwheel changing only!

Using the Wheel Chock

WARNING

Before raising the vehicle, it is ESSENTIALto chock one of the road wheels; thehandbrake acts on the transmission, not onthe rear wheels, and therefore may not holdthe vehicle when raised.

WARNING

Always chock the front and back of thewheel diagonally opposite the one to beremoved.

NOTE: The bottle jack and wheel chocks arestowed in a compartment under the left-handfront seat (see ’Battery’ for details of access).The jack handle and tools are stowed in a toolbag behind the front seats.

WARNING

Batteries emit explosive hydrogen gas;ensure that sparks and naked lights are keptaway from the battery compartment.

Wheel changing

94

Removing the spare wheelRemove the nuts securing the spare wheel tothe carrier and lift off the wheel.

WARNING

DO NOT use the spare wheel securing nutsin place of the road wheel nuts.

The wheels are extremely heavy. Take carewhen lifting and particularly when removingthe spare wheel from its mounting positionon the rear door.

Operating the jackSlot the jack lever together, ensuring that thespring clip protrudes from the engagementslot where the two parts join (see inset). Closethe jack release valve by turning it fullyclockwise and insert the lever into the socketwhere shown. Pump the lever up and down toraise the jack.

To lower the jack, withdraw the lever and slotthe notched end over the the pegs on therelease valve. Slowly turn the release valveanti-clockwise, allowing the weight of thevehicle to lower the jack.

WARNING

Ensure the jack is positioned on firm, levelground.

DO NOT use the jack to raise the vehicle,until you have carefully read and understood’Positioning the jack’ later in this section. Ifin doubt, consult your dealer.

Care must be taken to avoid accidentalcontact with any underbody parts, especiallythe hot exhaust system components, likelyto cause personal injury during raising orlowering of the vehicle.

Ensure that the space under and around thevehicle is free from obstruction as it islowered.

Wheel changing

95

Positioning the jackAlways position the jack from the front or rearof the vehicle, directly in line with the jackingpoints.

WARNING

NEVER use the jack from the side of thevehicle.

Always use the complete, two piece, jacklever throughout, to minimise anyaccidental contact with a hot exhaustsystem.

ONLY jack the vehicle using the jacklocation points described, or damage to thevehicle could occur.

Front jacking point:Position the jack so that, when raised, itengages with the front axle casing,immediately below the coil spring. The jackcradle must locate between the flange at theend of the axle casing and the large bracket towhich the front suspension members aremounted.

Rear jacking point:Position the jack so that, when raised, itengages with the rear axle casing, immediatelybelow the coil spring and as close as possibleto the shock absorber mounting bracket.

Care of the jackOccasionally, clean and grease the movingparts (particularly the ram/pillar) to preventcorrosion.

The bottle jack oil level should be checked atnormal servicing intervals and if necessary,topped up with an hydraulic oil with aviscosity to BS 4231 grade 32 and ISOproof 32.

To avoid contamination, the bottle jack shouldalways be returned to its fully closed positionand must always be stowed upright.

Wheel changing

96

Changing a wheelBefore raising the vehicle, ensure that all theprecautions listed at the beginning of thissection have been observed. Also, ensure thatthe wheel chock is correctly positioned, asdescribed previously.

In some markets, vehicles fitted with alloywheels have one locking wheel nut fitted toeach wheel. Refer to ’Locking wheel nuts’ laterin this section, before changing an alloywheel.

• Use the wheel nut wrench to slacken thewheel nuts half a turn counter-clockwise.

• Raise the vehicle until the tyre is clear ofthe ground, and remove the wheel nutsand wheel (DO NOT damage the surface ofalloy wheels by placing them face down onthe road).

• On alloy wheels, use an approvedanti-seize compound to treat the wheelmounting spigot, to minimise thetendency for adhesion between the wheeland the spigot. Ensure that no oil orcompound comes into contact with thebrake components. If, due to anemergency situation, this treatment is notpracticable; refit the spare wheel for thetime being, but remove and treat the wheelat the earliest opportunity.

• Fit the spare wheel and lightly tighten thewheel nuts, ensuring they are firmlyseated. DO NOT fully tighten whilst thetyre is clear of the ground.

WARNING

When fitting a wheel, ensure that the matingfaces of the hub and wheel are clean andfree from corrosion - an accumulation of dirtor corrosion could cause the wheel nuts tobecome loose and result in an accident.

• Lower the vehicle and remove the jack andwheel chock.

• Fully tighten the wheel nuts. DO NOTOVERTIGHTEN by using foot pressure orextension bars on the wheel nut wrench,as this could overstress the wheel studs.

• REMEMBER to disengage the differentiallock and change to ’H’ (high range) beforedriving.

• Finally, check the tyre pressure and wheelnut torque at the earliest opportunity, see’General data’.

WARNING

After wheel changing, always secure tools,chock, jack and spare wheel in their correctstorage positions.

Wheel changing

97

LOCKING WHEEL NUTSIn some markets, vehicles fitted with alloywheels are equipped with a locking wheel nuton each wheel. The locking wheel nut coversare visually very similar to standard wheelnuts, but can be identified by a concave indenton the surface. The locking wheel nut andcover can only be removed using the specialtools provided, as follows:

• Push the extractor tool (1) firmly over thestainless steel nut cover (2).

• Pull the extractor tool squarely away fromthe wheel to remove the nut cover andreveal the locking wheel nut (3).

• Fit the metal key socket (4) securely overthe locking wheel nut (3).

• Fit the wheel nut wrench onto the keysocket and unscrew the nut in the normalway.

A code letter is stamped on the face of the keysocket. Ensure the code letter is entered in thespace provided on your Security Informationcard - you will need to quote this letter ifreplacement components are required. Keepthe card in a safe place away from the vehicle.

For security reasons, store the key socket andextractor tool out of sight, in a secure place inthe vehicle.

NOTE: If the extractor tool has beeninadvertently pushed onto a standard wheelnut, it can be removed ONLY by first undoingand removing the nut; slide the wheel nutwrench down the centre of the extractor andonto the wheel nut.

Fuses

98

Fuses are simple circuit breakers whichprotect electrical equipment, by preventing theelectrical circuits from being overloaded.

Always remove the starter key and switch offthe affected circuit before removing a fuse.

Always fit a new fuse of the same rating. If thereplacement fuse fails immediately, contactyour local Land Rover dealer and have thecircuit checked.

WARNING

Fit only replacement fuses of the samerating and type. Always rectify the cause ofa failure before replacing a fuse. Seekqualified assistance if necessary.

Fuses are colour coded to help identify theiramperage, as follows:

TAN 5BROWN 7.5RED 10BLUE 15YELLOW 20GREEN 30

The main fuse box is located behind an accesspanel in front of the transfer box gear lever.Pull the panel away from the console to gainaccess to the fuses. The fuse ratings and thecircuits they protect are listed on the followingpage.

After changing a fuse, ensure the access panelis firmly secured by the velcro fixings.

Fuses

99

MAIN FUSE BOX

Fuse No. Value (amps) Electrical circuit

1 7.5 Headlight - LH, main beam2 7.5 Headlight - RH, main beam3 7.5 Headlight - LH, dipped beam4 7.5 Headlight - RH, dipped beam5 10 Rear fog guard lights6 7.5 Radio/cassette player7 15 Heater8 15 Alarm sounder9 10 Front interior light, alarm, radio10 15 Warning lights, headlight, heated rear screen,

gear selector illumination11 20 Engine12 20 Cigar lighter, auxiliary connector13 15 Front wash/wipe, stop & reverse lights14 15 Rear wash/wipe, alarm, direction indicators15 20 Air conditioning16 30 Air conditioning17 - Spare18 20 Trailer, rear interior light19 5 Sidelights - RH, Headlight levelling20 5 Sidelights - LH

Fuses

100

ENGINE COMPARTMENT FUSE BOXA second fuse box is located on the left sideof the engine compartment. Press the catch(arrowed) and lift the lid to open.

The circuits protected and their locations areshown on a printed diagram on the inside ofthe fuse box cover and are also listed below.

NOTE: Six main circuit fuses are also locatedin the engine compartment fuse box. If a faultis suspected in one of the main circuit fuses,contact your Land Rover dealer.

WARNING

Fit only replacement fuses of the samerating and type. Always rectify the cause ofa failure before replacing a fuse. Seekqualified assistance if necessary.

The circuits protected and their ratings are asfollows:

Value (amps) Electrical circuit

30 Auxiliary20 Horn, headlight

flash30 Heated rear screen20 Diagnostics30 Hazard lights15 Fuel pump20 Fuel injection

Bulb replacement

101

REPLACEMENT BULBS Watts

Headlights 60/55 (Halogen sealed beam).........................................................Front side lights 5................................................Side repeater lights 3.5...........................................Stop lights 21.........................................................Tail lights 5..........................................................Direction indicator lights 21...................................Number plate lights 4...........................................Reversing lights 21................................................Interior lights 10....................................................Warning lights 1.2...................................................Instrument illumination 2.....................................High level stop light 21...........................................

NOTE: All bulbs must be rated at 12 volts.


Before replacing a bulb, always switch offthe starter switch and appropriate lightingswitch to prevent any possibility of ashort circuit. Only use new bulbs of thesame type and with the samespecification.

Bulb replacement

102

HEADLIGHT UNIT

Light unit removalTo replace the headlight bulb, remove the lightunit as follows:

• Remove the screws (1) retaining the sideand direction indicator lights (2), releasethem forward and disconnect the plugs.

• Remove the screws (3) and withdraw theplastic finisher.

• Remove the headlight retaining screw (4),rotate the headlight clockwise todisengage and lift out the headlight.

Bulb replacement

103

Headlight bulbDisconnect the multi-plug (5) and remove therubber cover. Unhook the spring clip andwithdraw the bulb.

Replace the bulb (the larger of the three tabsuppermost) and secure the spring clip.

Replace the rubber cover, pressing the centrefirmly to seal around the electrical contacts ofthe bulb, then refit the multi-plug.

NOTE: Do not touch the bulb glass with yourfingers. If necessary, clean the bulb withmethylated spirits.

WARNING

ALWAYS fit headlight bulbs and light unitswith the same Watt value as the originalspecification (see ’Replacement bulbs’).

Bulb replacement

104

Side, tail, stop and direction indicator bulbsRemove the retaining screws and withdrawthe unit.

Twist the lens anti-clockwise to release thebulb unit.

Push and twist the bulb to remove.

Side repeater lightPush the lens firmly to the right, lift the leftedge and withdraw the light unit from thewing.

Twist the bulb holder to release and pull outbulb.

Bulb replacement

105

Number plate lightsRemove the securing screw, remove the coverand pull out bulb.

Reverse and rear fog guard lightsRemove the retaining screws and withdrawthe lens, then push and twist to release thebulb.

High mounted stop lightRemove the screws from the cover, withdrawthe cover and twist to remove the bulb holder.Push and twist to release the bulb.

Interior lightPrise the lens from the unit. Spread the bulbholders to release the bulb.

Bulb replacement

106


Warning lightsDisconnect the battery (see ’Battery removaland replacement’).

Remove the screws (2) and withdraw thewarning light module from the instrumentpanel.

Disconnect the appropriate multi-plug (3),twist and pull out the bulb holder and pull outbulb.

NOTE: Remember to reconnect the batteryafter replacing a bulb.


Instrument illumination lightsDisconnect the battery (see ’Battery removaland replacement’).

Remove the four screws (2) and ease theinstrument panel out.

If necessary, the speedometer drive cable canbe disconnected to improve access.

Twist and pull out the bulb holder (3) and pullout bulb.

NOTE: Remember to reconnect the batteryafter replacing a bulb.

Cleaning & vehicle care

107

WASHING YOUR VEHICLEWash your vehicle frequently using a spongeand generous quantities of cold or lukewarmwater containing a car shampoo. Rinse anddry off with a chamois leather.

• Do not use hot water!

• Do not use detergent soap products orwashing-up liquid!

When using a hose, do not direct the jet intothe heater air intake ducts, or through thewheel trim apertures onto the brakecomponents, or at the door, window orsunroof seals, where water pressure couldpenetrate the seals.

WARNING

Some high pressure cleaning systems aresufficiently powerful to penetrate door orwindow seals and damage rubbing stripsand locking mechanisms. Never aim thewater jet directly at components that mighteasily be damaged.

Underbody maintenanceCorrosive materials, used for snow and iceremoval and dust control, can collect onunderbody parts. If these materials are notremoved, accelerated corrosion can occur onunderbody parts, such as the frame, floor panand exhaust system. Regularly flush thesematerials from the underbody with freshwater. Take care to thoroughly clean any areaswhere mud and debris can collect.

Similarly, after off-road driving or wading inmuddy or salt water conditions, use a hose towash underbody components and otherexposed parts of the vehicle.

Getting rid of tar spotsUse white spirit to remove tar spots andstubborn grease stains from paintwork. Thenwash immediately to remove all traces ofspirit.

Body protectionAfter washing, inspect the paintwork fordamage. Any stone chips, fractures, or deepscratches in the body work should be repairedpromptly. Bare metal can corrode quickly andcan develop into major repair expense. Someexterior panels of your vehicle are made ofAluminium, which will not corrode in thesame manner as sheet steel. However, anydamage should still receive prompt attention.Minor chips and scratches can be repairedwith touch up materials, available from yourdealer. Larger areas of damage need to becorrected to professional standardsimmediately.

Occasionally protect the paint surface with anapplication of car polish.

Glass & mirrorsClean the inside of the rear window with a softcloth, to avoid damaging the heatingelements. DO NOT scrape the glass or use anabrasive cleaning fluid.

Mirror glass is particularly susceptible todamage - DO NOT use abrasive cleaningcompounds or metal scrapers.

Cleaning & vehicle care

108

LOOKING AFTER THE INTERIOR

WARNING

DO NOT use water to clean the dashboardand fascia area, damage to fuses andswitches could occur. Instead, cleansparingly with a damp cloth and approvedupholstery cleaner.

Soak up any spilt liquids immediately.

Clean the centre console with a damp clothand a non-detergent soap. DO NOT useupholstery cleaner. Dry with a clean lint-freecloth.

Clean plastic-faced or cloth covered surfacesand carpets (after sweeping) with dilutedupholstery cleaner.

Steering wheel and trim features, should becleaned with a damp cloth moistened withundiluted upholstery cleaner. Leave for fiveminutes, and then repeat the operation usinga clean, damp cloth. Dry and polish the trimwith a dry, lint-free cloth.

NOTE: Avoid flooding any area, but especiallyaround the gear selector lever, and soak upany spillage immediately.

DO NOT use petrol, detergents, cleaningfluids, solvents, furniture creams orpolishes!

RadioClean with a dry cloth. DO NOT use cleaningfluids or sprays.

Seat beltsExtend belts, then use warm water and anon-detergent soap to clean. Allow to drynaturally, and do not retract until completelydry.

DO NOT bleach or dye the webbing.

109

SECTION 5Workshop maintenance

Section Contents PageWorkshop maintenance 111...........................Engine oil renewal 115....................................Engine oil filter renewal 116............................Air cleaner element renewal 117.....................Air cleaner dump valve check 117..................Spark plug check/renewal 118........................Ignition wiring & H.T. lead check 118.............Drive belt arrangement 119............................Main gearbox oil renewal 120.........................Transfer gearbox oil renewal 121....................Axle oil renewal 122........................................Brake pad/disc check 123...............................Handbrake check/adjustment 124...................Propeller shaft lubrication 124........................

Workshop maintenance

111

WORKSHOP MAINTENANCEIt is recommended that the maintenanceprocedures covered in this section of thehandbook, should only be carried out byqualified personnel in a fully equippedworkshop; preferably an authorised LandRover dealer. However, if the vehicle is beingoperated in a remote area, where fullworkshop facilities are not available, somemaintenance can be carried out, provided thatit is completed in safe conditions byexperienced personnel.

WARNING

DO NOT carry out any maintenance in dusty,damp or dirty conditions.

NOTE: Some of the servicing proceduresrequire specialised knowledge and equipment,and therefore MUST be carried out by aqualified person, familiar with themaintenance and safety procedures practisedby Land Rover dealers. These NECESSARYprocedures are NOT covered in this handbookand should be referred to a Land Rover dealer.

Servicing schedulesIn normal operating conditions, servicingshould be carried out at intervals of 6,500miles (10,000 km) or every six months,whichever is sooner.


Special operating conditionsWhen a vehicle is operated in extremelyarduous conditions, or on dusty, wet ormuddy terrain, more frequent attentionmust be paid to servicing requirements.

For example; if your vehicle experiencesdeep wading conditions, even DAILYservicing could be necessary to ensurethe continued safe and reliable operationof the vehicle.

Contact a Land Rover dealer for advice.


112

Emission controlYour vehicle is fitted with various items ofemission control equipment, designed to meetspecific territorial requirements.

You should be aware that unauthorisedreplacement, modification or tampering withthis equipment by an owner or motor vehiclerepairer, may be unlawful and subject to legalpenalties.

In addition, engine settings must NOT betampered with. These have been establishedto ensure that your vehicle complies withstringent exhaust emission regulations.Incorrect engine settings may adversely affectexhaust emissions, engine performance andfuel consumption, as well as causing hightemperatures, which will result in damage tothe catalytic converter and the vehicle.

Replacement partsIt is essential that only Land Rover parts areused, safety features embodied in the vehiclemay be impaired if other, non-approved partsare used. In certain territories, legislationprohibits the fitting of parts not to themanufacturer’s specification.

WARNING

The fitting of parts of inferior quality, or thecarrying out of non-approved alterations orconversions, may be dangerous and couldaffect the safety of the vehicle andoccupants. It could also invalidate the termsand conditions of the vehicle warranty.

Road testing on dynamometers(’rolling roads’)

WARNING

Because your vehicle is equipped withpermanent four-wheel drive, it is essentialthat any dynamometer testing is carried outONLY by a qualified person, familiar withthe dynamometer testing and safetyprocedures practised by Land Roverdealers. Contact your Land Rover dealer forfurther information.


113

SAFETY IN THE GARAGEWhenever you carry out maintenance onyour vehicle, the following safetyprecautions should be observed at all times.

• ALWAYS keep hands, tools and items ofclothing clear of all drive belts and pulleyswhilst they are in operation.

• DO NOT touch exhaust or cooling systemcomponents until they are cool.

• DO NOT touch electrical leads orcomponents with the starter switch turnedon.

• NEVER leave the engine running in anunventilated area; exhaust gases arepoisonous and contain carbon monoxide,which can cause unconsciousness andcan be fatal.

• DO NOT work beneath the vehicle with thelifting jack as the only means of support.

• Ensure sparks and open flame are keptaway from the engine and batterycompartments.

• DO NOT use any lubricants, solvents orsealants etc, without first reading anywarnings and instructions supplied withthese substances; they could be harmful ifimproperly used.

WARNING

Remember, cooling fans and airconditioning system condenser fans (iffitted), may continue to operate after theengine is switched off. Always wait until thefans have completely stopped moving beforeworking in the engine compartment.

Fuel system safetyFuel vapour is highly flammable and inconfined spaces, is also very explosive andtoxic. When fuel evaporates, it produces 150times its own volume in vapour and whenmixed with air, becomes an easily ignitablemixture; consequently even a small spillage isvery dangerous.

It is recommended that you always have aFOAM, CO2 GAS, or POWDER type fireextinguisher close at hand when working withfuel or the fuel system.

ALWAYS disconnect the battery negative leadBEFORE carrying out work on the fuel system.

WARNING

It is imperative that the battery isdisconnected BEFORE and not during anywork on the fuel system, as arcing at thebattery terminal could ignite fuel vapour inthe atmosphere.

Whenever fuel is being handled, transferredor stored, or when carrying out work on thefuel system, all forms of ignition MUST beextinguished or removed, any lighting beingused MUST be flameproof and kept clear ofthe fuel.


114

Poisonous liquidsMost liquids and lubricants used in motorvehicles are poisonous and should not beconsumed or brought into contact with openwounds. These include; battery acid,anti-freeze, brake and power steering fluid, aswell as petrol, engine oil and windscreenwasher additives.

For your own safety, ALWAYS read and obeyall instructions printed on labels andcontainers.

Used engine oilProlonged contact with engine oil can causeserious skin disorders, including dermatitisand skin cancer. ALWAYS wash thoroughlyafter contact.

It is illegal to pollute drains, water courses orsoil with toxic chemicals such as used engineoil. ALWAYS dispose of vehicle liquids andlubricants at authorised waste disposal sites,or at garages which provide facilities for thereceipt of discharged batteries, used engineoil and toxic chemicals. If in doubt, contactyour Local Authority for advice.

PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT!


115

ENGINE OIL RENEWAL

NOTE: For engine oil check & top-up see’Owner maintenance’.

WARNING

DO NOT attempt to drain the engine sump ifthe engine has been running for some time,the engine oil will be hot and may causesevere scalding.

With the vehicle resting on firm, level ground,run the engine for a few minutes so that theoil will drain more easily. Turn the starterswitch to position ’0’ and disconnect thebattery negative lead.

Remove the oil filler cap and position asuitable container under the oil drain plug (4)to collect the used oil.

Remove the drain plug and its washer andallow the oil to drain completely.

NOTE: If, by necessity, this procedure isbeing carried out in dusty or sandyconditions, refit the drain plug as soon as themain bulk of the oil has drained.

When the sump has fully drained, clean thedraining plug and the surrounding area of thesump and refit with a new copper washer.

Refill the sump with fresh oil of the correctspecification (see ’General data’). Refit thefiller cap and let the vehicle stand for fiveminutes to allow the oil to drain back into thesump. Check the oil level using the dipstick(as described in ’Owner maintenance’) and topup until the correct level is obtained.

• DO NOT use oil previously drained fromthe engine.

• DO NOT OVERFILL!


116

ENGINE OIL FILTER RENEWALTo prevent any possibility of air locks in the oilpump, it is recommended that filter renewal iscarried out AFTER the engine oil has beenchanged.

To minimise the risk of draining the oil pump,ensure that the oil is at the correct operatinglevel before removing the filter.

• Turn the starter switch to position ’0’ andfollow the battery disconnection procedure(see ’Owner maintenance’).

• Clean the area around the head of thefilter.

• Place a suitable container beneath thefilter.

• Using a strap wrench, unscrew the filterand discard it safely.

• Half fill the filter and smear the rubberwasher of the new filter, with clean engineoil of the correct specification (see’General data’).

• Screw the filter on clockwise until therubber washer touches up against themachined face, then tighten a further halfturn using hand pressure only. DO NOTOVERTIGHTEN.

• Connect the battery negative lead and runthe engine at a fast idle for five minutes.

• Check the filter for leaks.

Stop the engine and let the vehicle stand forfive minutes to let the oil drain back into thesump. Check the oil level (see ’Ownermaintenance’) and top up if necessary.


117

AIR CLEANER ELEMENT RENEWALEngine performance will be seriouslyaffected if the air cleaner element becomeschoked with dust and other airborneparticles.

• Release the three clips (5) and remove theinlet tube (1).

• Remove the nut (2) and end plate (3).

• Withdraw the element (4) and discard. DONOT attempt to clean and re-fit the oldelement.

• Insert the new element and re-assemble inthe reverse of the removal procedure.

Air cleaner dump valve checkThe dump valve is situated on the base of theair cleaner support bracket.

• Squeeze open the dump valve (asillustration) and check that the interior isclean. Renew the valve if perished.


118

SPARK PLUG CHECK/RENEWAL

• Remove the H.T. leads from the sparkplugs.

• Remove the plugs using a spark plugsocket and ratchet.

• If they are in poor condition, replace withnew plugs of the correct specification (see’General data’).

• Set the spark plug gaps to the correctsetting (see ’General data’).

• Fit the spark plugs and washers - DO NOTOVERTIGHTEN.

NOTE: Fitting incorrect grades of spark plug,may lead to piston overheating and enginefailure.

• Refit the H.T. leads in the correct order (asillustration), ensuring that the leads arefirmly seated onto the plugs.

IGNITION WIRING & H.T. LEAD CHECKCheck the H.T. leads for insulation cracking,or corrosion at end contacts. If the H.T. leadsare damaged, replace with new leads of thesame specification.

NOTE: Ensure leads are reconnected in thecorrect order or the engine will misfire.


119

DRIVE BELTS

Driving belt tensionThe drive belt and all pulleys should beexamined regularly for any damage,deterioration or fouling (grit, mud, oil etc).Replace or clean where necessary.

After every off-road session, the drive beltshould be inspected for cuts and possibledamage caused by stones. If the belt hasjumped, reposition it correctly and, ifnecessary, replace it at the earliestopportunity.

WARNING

Before checking any drive belt; to preventthe possibility of serious injury, follow thebattery disconnection procedure (see ’Ownermaintenance’) to prevent the engine frombeing started.


120

MAIN GEARBOX OIL RENEWAL

WARNING

For safety, DO NOT work underneath thevehicle unless it is safely parked with thewheels chocked, or is supported by heavyduty stands.

Extreme care should be taken when draininggearbox oil, it may be hot and cause severescalding.

Ensure the vehicle is parked on firm, levelground and chock the wheels. Place a suitablecontainer under the gearbox to catch the usedoil.

WARNING

Use only NEW oil - DO NOT use oilpreviously drained from the system.

• Withdraw the gearbox dipstick, located tothe rear of the right hand rocker cover, toassist with oil drainage.

• Remove the drain plug (2) and allow theoil to drain completely.

• Clean and refit the drain plug, using a newsealing washer (3). Tighten the plug to atorque of 10 Nm (7.5 lbf/ft).

• Refill the gearbox through the dipsticktube with new oil of the correctspecification (see ’General data’).

• Let the vehicle stand for five minutes, thencheck the oil level using the dipstick (asdescribed in ’Owner maintenance’) and topup until the correct level is obtained.

• Refit the dipstick.


121

TRANSFER GEARBOX OIL RENEWAL

WARNING


Extreme care should be taken when draininggearbox oil, it may be hot and cause severescalding.

Ensure the vehicle is parked on firm, levelground and chock the wheels. Place a suitablecontainer under the gearbox to catch the usedoil.

• Clean the area surrounding the drain plug(2) and filler level (3) plug, to preventcontamination of the gearbox.


• Clean and refit the plug with a newwasher. Tighten to a torque of 30 Nm (23lbf/ft).

• Remove the filler level plug (3) and injectthe correct grade of oil (see ’General data’)until it begins to run from the hole.

WARNING


• Clean and refit the filler level plug. Tightento a torque of 30 Nm (23 lbf/ft).

• Wipe any surplus oil from the area andremove the wheel chocks.


122

FRONT/REAR AXLE OIL RENEWAL

WARNING


Extreme care should be taken when drainingaxle oil, it may be hot and cause severescalding.

NOTE: A rear axle is illustrated, but theprocedure is the same for both axles.

Ensure the vehicle is parked on firm, levelground and chock the wheels. Place a suitablecontainer under the axle to be drained to catchthe used oil.

• Clean the area surrounding the drain plug(2) and filler level plug (3), to preventcontamination of the axles.


• Clean and refit the drain plug.

• Remove the filler level plug (3) and injectthe correct grade of oil (see ’General data’)until it begins to run from the hole.

WARNING


• Clean and refit the filler level plug.

• Wipe any surplus oil from the area andremove the wheel chocks.


123

BRAKE PAD, DISC AND CALIPER CHECKIf the vehicle is being operated in arduousconditions, especially when deep mud and/orwading situations are regularly encountered,the condition of the brake pads, discs andcalipers should be checked at least weekly, ifnot even more frequently.

Hydraulic disc brakes are fitted to the frontand rear wheels, they are self adjusting andtherefore, no provision for manual adjustmentis made.

• Check the thickness of the brake pads,which should not be less than 0.125 in(3 mm).

• Check for uneven brake pad wear.

• Check for oil contamination on the brakediscs and pads.

• Check condition of the brake discs forwear and/or corrosion.

• Check the brake calipers for any leakingbrake fluid.

If necessary, any replacement or rectificationof discs, brakes or calipers, should be carriedout by a Land Rover dealer.


124

HANDBRAKE CHECK/ADJUSTMENT

WARNING


Ensure the vehicle is parked on firm, levelground and chock the wheels.

Select ’P’ and release the handbrake.

If the handbrake movement is excessive,adjust as follows:

• Raise one rear wheel clear of the groundand ensure it is supported securely withan axle stand.

• Tighten the adjusting bolt (5) to a torqueof 25 Nm (18 lbf/ft) and ensure that thebrake drum is locked - if this is not thecase, consult a Land Rover dealer.

• Now loosen the adjusting bolt by turning it1.5 turns counter-clockwise.

The brake drum should now be free to rotate,and the brakes shoes correctly adjusted.

PROPELLER SHAFT LUBRICATION

• Clean all the grease nipples on the frontand rear propshaft universal joints (1).Charge a low pressure hand grease gunwith the recommended grade of grease(see ’General data’) and apply to thegrease nipples (2).

WARNING

Any additional greasing of the propshaftMUST be carried out by an authorised LandRover dealer.

125

SECTION 6General data

Section Contents PageLubricants & fluids 127..................................Capacities 129................................................Engine data 130..............................................Steering 130...................................................Electrical system 130......................................Replacement bulbs 130..................................Dimensions 131.............................................Off-road performance 131..............................Towing weights 131.......................................Vehicle weights 132........................................Wheels & tyres 132........................................

General data

127

LUBRICANTS AND FLUIDSRecommendations for all climates and conditions.

COMPONENTS AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ° CSpecification SAE -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

Engine sumpOils must meet 5W/30API service levels SG or SH 5W/40, 5W/50

10W/3010W/40,10W/5010W/60

Main gearbox - automaticATF Dexron II or III

Transfer gearboxMIL-L-2105 or 90W EPMIL-L-2105B, C & D 80W EP

Final drive units, swivel pin housingsMIL-L-2105 or 90W EPMIL-L-2105B, C & D 80W EP

Power steeringATF M2C 33 (F or G) orATF Dexron II or III

General data

128

Lubrication nipples (hubs, ball joints, prop. shafts, etc.)NLGI-2 Multipurpose Lithium based grease

Brake reservoirUniversal brake fluids or any brake fluid having a minimum boiling point of 500° F(260° C) and complying with FMVSS 116 DOT4

Windscreen washersScreen washer fluid

Engine cooling systemEthylene glycol based anti-freeze (containing no methanol) with non-phosphate corrosioninhibitors suitable for use in aluminium engines. Use one part anti-freeze to one part waterfor protection down to -33° F (-36° C)

Air conditioning compressorUse only refrigerant R134A and refrigerant oil ND 8

Door locks (anti-burst) and inertia reelsDO NOT LUBRICATE. These components are lubricated for life during manufacture.

Battery terminalsPetroleum jelly. DO NOT use silicone grease.

General data

129

CAPACITIESThe following capacities are approximate and provided as a guide only. All oil levels must be setusing the dipstick or level plugs as applicable.

Metric Imperial

Fuel tank - usable capacity 59,09 litre.................... 13.00 Imp gall

Engine sump 6,01 litre.......................................... 10.70 Imp ptAdditional capacity afterfitting new oil filter 0,56 litre................................. 1.00 Imp pt

Main gearbox 9,10 litre......................................... 15.70 Imp ptTransfer gearbox 2,30 litre.................................... 4.00 Imp ptFront differential 1,70 litre..................................... 3.00 Imp ptRear differential 2,30 litre...................................... 4.00 Imp pt

Cooling system 12,80 litre..................................... 22.50 Imp pt

General data

130

ENGINEBore 3.70 in (93,98 mm).......................................................................Stroke 2.800 in (71,12 mm)....................................................................Number of cylinders 8..............................................Cylinder capacity 241 in3 (3950 cc)...................................................Compression ratio 9.35:1.................................................Firing order 1, 8, 4, 3, 6, 5, 7, 2............................................................Sparking plug type Champion RN11YC.................................................Sparking plug gap 0.033 - 0.038 in (0,84 - 0,96 mm).................................................

STEERINGTurns, lock to lock 3.38.................................................Camber angle Zero........................................................Castor angle 3°..........................................................Swivel pin inclination 7°.............................................Front wheel toe-out 0 to 2 mm...............................................Turning circle between kerbs 40.4 ft (12,3 m).................................

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMType Negative ground......................................................................Voltage 12..................................................................Battery 380/120/90...................................................................Charging circuit Alternator.....................................................Ignition system Electronic......................................................

REPLACEMENT BULBSHeadlights 60/55 W Halogen sealed beam.............................................................Side lights 12 V 5 W..............................................................Side marker lights 12 V 3.5 W..................................................Stop lights 12 V 21 W.............................................................Tail lights 12 V 5 W...............................................................Direction indicator lights 12 V 21 W........................................Number plate lights 12 V 4 W...............................................Reversing lights 12 V 21 W.....................................................Rear fog guard lights 12 V 21 W.............................................Interior lights 12 V 10 W.........................................................Warning lights 12 V 1.2 W.......................................................Instrument illumination 12 V 2 W.........................................High level stop light 12 V 21 W...............................................

General data

131

DIMENSIONSOverall length (including spare wheel) 160.5 in (4072 mm)...................

Overall width 70.5 in (1790 mm)..........................................................

Overall height 80.2 in (2037 mm).........................................................

Wheelbase 92.9 in (2360 mm).............................................................

Track front/rear 58.5 in (1486 mm)......................................................

Width between wheel boxes 36.4 in (925 mm)..................................

OFF-ROAD PERFORMANCEMax. gradient 45°.........................................................

Approach angle 51° curb weight......................................................

Departure angle 35° curb weight.....................................................

Wading depth 20 in (500 mm)........................................................

Min. ground clearance (unladen) 9.0 in (229 mm)...........................

Ramp break over angle 146°..........................................

TOWING WEIGHTS (refer to section 3)

Maximum permissible towed weights On-road Off-roadUnbraked trailers 1653 lb (750 kg).............................................. 1102 lb (500 kg)................

Trailers with brakes 7716 lb (3500 kg)......................................... 2204 lb (1000 kg)..............

Nose Weight 330 lb (150 kg)...................................................... 330 lb (150 kg)..................

NOTE: All weight figures are subject to local restrictions.

General data

132

VEHICLE WEIGHTS

EEC kerb weight* 3902 lb (1845 kg)...................................................

Max front axle weight 2701 lb (1200 kg)............................................

Max rear axle weight 3300 lb (1500 kg)..............................................

Gross vehicle weight 6001 lb (2550 kg)..............................................

* kerb weight = unladen vehicle weight + full fuel tank (no occupants or payload)

NOTE: Axle weights are non additive. The individual maximum axle weights and gross vehicleweight must not be exceeded.

WHEELS

Wheel size 7J x 16.............................................................Road wheel nut torque 100 lbf/ft (135 Nm)..........................................

TYRE SIZE & PRESSURES

Front RearNormal - all load conditions265/75 R16 radial (multi-terrain) 1,9 bar................... 2,4 bar

28 lbf/in2 35 lbf/in2

2,0 kgf/cm2 2,5 kgf/cm2

WARNING

Tyre pressures must be checked with thetyres cold, as the pressure is about 0.21bar(3 lbf/in2 or 0,2 kgf/cm2) higher atrunning temperature.

If the vehicle has been parked in the sun orhigh ambient temperatures, DO NOT reducethe tyre pressures, move the vehicle into theshade and wait for the tyres to cool beforechecking the pressures.

WARNING

ALWAYS use the same make and type ofradial-ply tyres, front and rear. DO NOT usebias-ply tyres, or interchange tyres fromfront to rear.

• If the wheel is marked ’TUBELESS’, aninner tube must NOT be fitted.

General data

133

FUEL CONSUMPTIONThe fuel consumption figures shown below have been calculated using a standard testingprocedure (the new EC test procedure from Directive 93/116/EC), and produced in accordancewith The Passenger Car Fuel Consumption (Amendment) Order 1996. Under normal use, a car’sactual fuel consumption figures may differ from those achieved through the test procedure,depending on driving technique, road and traffic conditions, environmental factors, vehicle andload conditions.

URBAN EXTRA-URBAN COMBINEDmpg l/100km mpg l/100km mpg l/100km13.1 21.5 24.1 11.7 18.5 15.3

Urban cycleThe urban test cycle is carried out from a cold start and consists of a series of accelerations,decelerations and periods of steady speed driving and engine idling. The maximum speed attainedduring the test is 31 mph (50 km/h), with an average speed of 12 mph (19 km/h).

Extra-urban cycleThe extra-urban test cycle is carried out immediately after the urban test. Approximately half thetest comprises steady speed driving, while the remainder consists of a series of accelerations,decelerations and engine idling. The maximum test speed is 75 mph (120 km/h) and the averagespeed 39 mph (63 km/h). The test is carried out over a distance of 4.3 miles (7 km).

CombinedThe combined figure is an average of the urban and the extra-urban test cycle results, which hasbeen weighted to take account of the different distances covered during the two tests.

NOTE: These figures should not be compared with the figures produced using the ECE/EECprocedure previously required by The Passenger Car Fuel Consumption Order 1983. Because ofthe changes in test procedure, even the urban figures would differ if the same car were subjectedto both tests.

135

SECTION 7Parts & accessories

Section Contents PageParts & accessories 137.................................Electrical equipment 137................................Travelling abroad 138.....................................

136

’

Parts & accessories

137

PARTS AND ACCESSORIESYour vehicle has been designed,manufactured and proven to cope with themost rigorous driving conditions. As such,fitting parts and accessories that have beendeveloped and tested to the same stringentstandards is essential to guarantee thecontinued reliability, safety and performanceof the vehicle.

To augment the vehicles’ already awesomeability, a comprehensive and versatile range ofquality spare parts and accessories areavailable to fulfil a wide variety of roles, bothenhancing and protecting the vehicle in themany tasks to which it can be applied.

Genuine Land Rover Parts are the ONLY partsbuilt to original equipment specifications ANDapproved by Land Rover designers - thismeans that every single part and accessoryhas been rigorously tested by the sameengineering team that designed and built thevehicle and, with the exception ofmaintenance items that are designed to bereplaced sooner, is fully guaranteed for twelvemonths with UNLIMITED MILEAGE.

A full list and description of all availableaccessories is available from your Land Roverdealer.

Always consult your dealer for adviceregarding the approval, suitability, installationand use of any parts or accessories beforefitting.

WARNING

DO NOT fit unapproved accessories orconversions, as they could affect the safetyof the vehicle. Land Rover will not acceptany liability for death, personal injury, ordamage to property which may occur as adirect result of fitment of non-approvedaccessories, or the carrying out ofnon-approved conversions, to Land Rovervehicles.

Land Rover strongly advises against makingany modifications to the suspension orsteering system. This could seriously effectthe handling and stability of the vehicle,leading to loss of control or rollover.

Always consult a Land Rover dealer beforefitting accessories, and before commencingany conversion or alteration to the vehicles’original specification.

Electrical equipment

WARNING

It is extremely hazardous to fit or replaceparts or accessories whose installationrequires the dismantling of or addition toeither the electrical or fuel system.

Fitting inferior quality parts or accessories,may be dangerous and could invalidate thevehicle warranty.

Parts & accessories

138

After sales serviceThe After Sales Parts service is of paramountimportance, both in the UK and across theworld. In the UK there are over 100 authorisedLand Rover dealers, all computer linked forrapid ordering of parts and accessories.

In addition, with franchised representation inover 100 countries worldwide, Land Rover areable to support your vehicle wherever you go.

Only Land Rover dealers are able to providethe full range of recommended parts andaccessories that meet our rigorous standardsof safety, durability and performance.

Travelling abroadIn certain countries, it is illegal to fit partswhich have not been made to the vehiclemanufacturers’ specification.

Owners should ensure that any parts oraccessories fitted to the vehicle whiletravelling abroad, will conform to the legalrequirements of their own country when theyreturn home.

139

This section of the handbook is devoted toyour vehicle’s superb off-road drivingcapabilities.

Before venturing off-road however, it isabsolutely essential that inexperienceddrivers become fully familiar with the vehicle’scontrols, in particular the transfer gearbox,and also study the off-road driving techniquesdescribed on the following pages.

SECTION 8Off-road driving

Section Contents PageBasic off-road techniques 141........................Driving on soft surfaces & dry sand 145........Driving on slippery surfaces 146....................Driving on rough tracks 146...........................Climbing steep slopes 147..............................Descending steep slopes 148.........................Traversing a slope 149...................................Negotiating a ’V’ shaped gully 149..................Driving in existing wheel tracks 150...............Crossing a ridge 150......................................Crossing a ditch 150.......................................Wading 151....................................................

Off-road driving

141

WARNING

Off-road driving can be hazardous!

• DO NOT take unnecessary risks.

• Be prepared for emergencies at alltimes.

• Your Land Rover has a higher groundclearance and, therefore, a higher centreof gravity than an ordinary passengercar. An abrupt manoeuvre at aninappropriate speed, or on an unstablesurface, could cause the vehicle to goout of control.

• Familiarise yourself with therecommended driving techniques inorder to minimise risks to yourself, yourvehicle AND your passengers.

• Always ensure that seat belts are wornfor personal protection in all off-roaddriving conditions.

• DO NOT drive if the fuel level is low -undulating ground and steep inclinescould cause fuel starvation to the engineand consequent damage to the catalyticconverter.

BASIC OFF-ROAD TECHNIQUESThese basic driving techniques are anintroduction to the art of off-road driving anddo not necessarily provide the informationneeded to successfully cope with every singleoff-road situation.

We strongly recommend that owners whointend to drive off-road frequently, shouldseek as much additional information andpractical experience as possible.

Gear selectionWith the gearshift lever set at ’D’, the gearboxautomatically provides the correct gear for theappropriate gear range selected (HIGH orLOW). Remember that position ’1’ will holdthe gearbox in first gear to give maximumengine braking when required.

Transfer gearsHigh range gears should be used wheneverpossible - only change to low range whenground conditions become very difficult. TheDIFF LOCK should be engaged whenever thereis a risk of losing wheel grip, and disengagedas soon as firm, level, non-slippery ground isreached.

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142

BrakingAs far as possible, vehicle speed should becontrolled through correct gear selection.

Application of the brake pedal should be keptto an absolute minimum. Harsh braking onwet, muddy or loose surfaces, could provedangerous.

NOTE: If the correct gear and gear range havebeen selected, braking will be largelyunnecessary.

Use of engine for brakingBefore descending steep slopes, stop thevehicle at least a length before the descent,move the gearshift lever to ’N’, engage LOWrange and then select ’1’ or ’2’ in the maingearbox, depending on the severity of theincline.

While descending the slope, it should beremembered that the engine will providesufficient braking effort to control the rate ofdescent, and that the brakes should not beapplied.

AcceleratingUse the accelerator with care - any suddensurge of power may induce wheel spin andresult in loss of control of the vehicle.

Steering

WARNING

DO NOT hold the steering wheel with yourthumbs inside the rim - a sudden ’kick’ ofthe wheel as the vehicle negotiates a rut orboulder could seriously injure them.ALWAYS grip the wheel on the outside of therim (as shown) when traversing unevenground.

Survey the ground before drivingBefore negotiating difficult terrain, it is wise tocarry out a preliminary survey on foot. Thiswill minimise the risk of your vehicle gettinginto difficulty through a previously unnoticedhazard.

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143

Ground clearanceDon’t forget to allow for ground clearancebeneath the chassis, axles and under the frontand rear bumpers. Note that the axledifferentials are situated BELOW the chassisand are positioned slightly to the RIGHT of thecentre of the vehicle. Note also that there areother parts of the vehicle which may comeinto contact with the ground; where possible,attempt to avoid obstacles that may foul thechassis or differentials.

Ground clearance is particularly important atthe bottom of a steep slope, or where wheelruts are unusually deep and where suddenchanges in the slope of the ground areexperienced.

On soft ground, the axle differentials will cleartheir own path in all but the most difficultconditions. However, on frozen, rocky or hardground, hard contact between the differentialsand the ground will generally result in thevehicle coming to a sudden stop.

Always attempt to avoid obstacles that mayfoul the chassis or axle differentials.

Loss of tractionIf the vehicle is immobile due to loss of wheelgrip, the following hints could be of value:

• Avoid prolonged wheel spin; this will makematters worse.

• Remove obstacles rather than forcing thevehicle across them.

• Clear clogged tyre treads.

• Reverse as far as possible, then attemptan increased speed approach - additionalmomentum may overcome the obstacle.

• Brushwood, sacking or any similarmaterial placed in front of the tyres, willimprove tyre grip.

Off-road driving

144


After driving off-roadBefore rejoining the public highway, ordriving at speeds above 25 mph (40km/h), consideration should be given tothe following:

• Wheels and tyres must be cleaned ofmud and inspected for damage -ensure there are no lumps or bulgesin the tyres, or exposure of the plyor cord structure.

• Brake discs and calipers should beexamined and any stones or grit thatmay affect braking efficiencyremoved.

Servicing requirementsVehicles operating in arduous conditions,particularly on dusty, muddy, or wetterrain, and vehicles undergoing frequentor deep wading conditions, will requiremore frequent servicing. See ’Ownermaintenance’ and contact a Land Roverdealer for advice.

In addition:After wading in salt water or driving onsandy beaches, use a hose to thoroughlywash the underbody components and anyexposed body panels with fresh water.This will help to protect the vehicle’scosmetic appearance.

Off-road driving

145

DRIVING ON SOFT SURFACES & DRY SANDThe ideal technique for driving on soft groundand dry sand, requires the vehicle to be keptmoving at all times - soft ground and sandcause excessive drag on the wheels, resultingin a rapid loss of motion once drivingmomentum is lost. For this reason, gearchanging should be avoided.

• Engage the DIFF LOCK.

• Select the highest suitable gear andREMAIN in that gear until a firm surface isreached. It is generally advisable to useLOW range gears, as these will enable youto accelerate through worseningconditions, without the risk of beingunable to restart.

• Disengage the DIFF LOCK as soon as firmground is reached.

Stopping the vehicle on soft ground, in sandor on an incline

If you do stop your vehicle, remember:

Starting on an incline, or in soft ground orsand, is almost impossible. Always park on afirm level area, or with the vehicle facingdownhill.

To avoid wheel spin, select position ’D’ anduse the MINIMUM throttle necessary to getthe vehicle moving.

If forward motion is lost, avoid excessive useof the throttle - this will cause wheel spin andtend to dig the vehicle into the sand. Clearsand from around the tyres and ensure thatthe chassis and axles are not bearing on thesand, before again attempting to move.

If the wheels have sunk, use an air bag liftingdevice or high lift jack to raise the vehicle, andthen build up sand under the wheels so thatthe vehicle is again on level ground. If arestart is still not possible, place sand mats orladders beneath the wheels.

Off-road driving

146

DRIVING ON SLIPPERY SURFACES(ice, snow, mud, wet grass)

• With the DIFF LOCK engaged, select ’D’ inLOW range.

• Drive away using the MINIMUM possiblethrottle opening.

• Drive slowly at all times, keeping brakingto a minimum and avoiding violentmovements of the steering wheel.

• Disengage the DIFF LOCK as soon as anon slippery surface is reached.

DRIVING ON ROUGH TRACKSAlthough rough tracks can sometimes benegotiated in normal drive, it is advisable tolock the differential if excessive suspensionmovement is likely to induce wheel spin.

On very rough tracks, engage LOW range toenable a steady, low speed to be maintained,without constant use of the brake pedal.

Always disengage the DIFF LOCK whensmooth, firm ground is reached.

Off-road driving

147

CLIMBING STEEP SLOPESEngage the DIFF LOCK and ALWAYS followthe fall line of the slope - travelling diagonallycould encourage the vehicle to slide broadsidedown the slope.

Steep climbs will usually require the LOW gearrange. If the surface is loose or slippery, usesufficient speed in the highest practical gear,to take advantage of the vehicle’s momentum.However, too high a speed over a bumpysurface may result in a wheel lifting, causingthe vehicle to lose traction. In this case try aslower approach. Traction can also beimproved, by easing off the accelerator justbefore loss of forward motion.

If the vehicle is unable to complete a climb, donot attempt to turn it around while on theslope. Instead, adopt the following procedureto reverse downhill to the foot of the slope:

1. Hold the vehicle stationary using both footand handbrakes.

2. Restart the engine if necessary.

3. Engage reverse gear LOW range.

4. Release the handbrake. Then, release thefoot brake and allow the vehicle to reversedown the slope, using engine braking tocontrol the rate of descent.

5. Unless it is necessary to stop the vehiclein order to negotiate obstructions, DO NOTapply the brake pedal during the descent.

6. If the vehicle begins to slide, accelerateslightly to allow the tyres to regain grip.

When the vehicle is back on level ground, orwhere traction can be regained, a fasterapproach will probably enable the hill to beclimbed. However, DO NOT take unnecessaryrisks; if the hill is too difficult to climb, find analternative route.

WARNING

The engine must be restarted beforereversing down the slope, as there will beno servo assistance to the brakes unless theengine is running.

Off-road driving

148

DESCENDING STEEP SLOPES

A. Stop the vehicle at least a vehicle lengthbefore the slope and select ’1’, LOW rangewith the differential locked.

B. Unless it is necessary to stop the vehiclein order to negotiate obstructions, DO NOTtouch the brake pedal during the descent -the engine will limit the speed, keeping thevehicle under control provided the frontwheels are turning. If the vehicle begins toslide, accelerate gently to maintaindirectional stability - DO NOT use thebrakes or attempt to change gear.

C. Once level ground is reached, unlock thedifferential and select a suitable gear forthe next stage of your journey.

WARNING

Failure to follow these instructions, maycause the vehicle to roll over.

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149

TRAVERSING A SLOPEBefore crossing a slope, ALWAYS observe thefollowing precautions:

• Check that the ground is firm and notslippery.

• Check that the wheels on the downhill sideof the vehicle are not likely to drop intoany depressions in the ground and that the’uphill’ wheels will not run over rocks, treeroots, or similar obstacles, that couldsuddenly increase the angle of tilt.

• Ensure that passenger weight is evenlydistributed, that all roof rack luggage isremoved and that all other luggage isproperly secured and stowed as low aspossible. Always remember; any suddenmovement of the load could cause thevehicle to overturn.

• Rear seat passengers should sit on theuphill side of the vehicle or, in extremeconditions, should vacate the vehicle untilthe sloping ground has been safelynegotiated.

NEGOTIATING A ’V’ SHAPED GULLYObserve extreme caution! Steering up eitherof the gully walls, could cause the side of thevehicle to be trapped against the oppositegully wall.

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150

DRIVING IN EXISTING WHEEL TRACKSAs far as possible, allow the vehicle to steeritself along the bottom of the ruts. However,always keep a light hold of the steering wheelto prevent it from spinning free.

Particularly in wet conditions, if the steeringwheel is allowed to spin free, the vehicle mayappear to be driving straight ahead in the ruts,but in actual fact (due to the lack of tractioncaused by wet ground) is unknowingly on fullright or left lock. Then, when level ground isreached, or if a dry patch is encountered, thewheels will find traction and cause the vehicleto suddenly veer to left or right.

CROSSING A RIDGEApproach at right angles, so that both frontwheels and then both rear wheels cross theridge together - an angled approach couldcause traction to be lost, through diagonallyopposite wheels lifting from the ground at thesame time.

CROSSING A DITCHWith the DIFF LOCK engaged, cross ditches atan angle, so that three wheels always maintaincontact with the ground (if approached headon, both front wheels will drop into the ditchtogether, possibly resulting in the chassis andfront bumper being trapped on opposite sidesof the ditch).

Off-road driving

151

WADING

WARNING

The maximum advisable wading depth is 20in. (0,5 metre).

Severe electrical damage may occur, if thevehicle remains stationary for any length oftime when the water level is above the doorsills.

If the water is likely to exceed 20 in. (0,5metre) while the vehicle is moving, thefollowing precautions MUST be observed:

• Fix a plastic sheet in front of the radiatorgrille, to prevent water from soaking theengine and mud from blocking theradiator.

• Ensure that the silt bed beneath the water,is firm enough to support the vehicle’sweight and provide sufficient traction.

• Ensure that the engine air intake is clear ofthe water.

• To prevent saturation of the electricalsystem and air intake, avoid excessiveengine speed.

• With the DIFF LOCK engaged, select a lowgear and maintain sufficient throttle toprevent the engine from stalling. This isparticularly important if the exhaust pipe isunder water.

• Drive slowly into the water and accelerateto a speed which causes a bow wave toform; then maintain that speed.

At all times, keep all the doors fully closed.

After wading

• Drive the vehicle a short distance andapply the foot brake to check that thebrakes are fully effective.

• DO NOT rely on the handbrake to hold thevehicle stationary, until the transmissionhas thoroughly dried out; in the meantime,leave the vehicle parked in ’P’.

• Remove any covering material from infront of the radiator grille.

• If the water was particularly muddy,remove any blockages (mud and leaves)from the radiator to reduce the risk ofoverheating.

• If deep water is regularly negotiated, checktransmission oils for signs of watercontamination - contaminated oil can beidentified through its ’milky’ appearance.In addition, check the air filter element forwater ingress, and replace if wet.

• Vehicles required to undergo frequent, ordeep wading conditions, will require morefrequent servicing. See ’Ownermaintenance’ and contact a Land Roverdealer for advice.

• If salt water has been negotiated,thoroughly wash the underbodycomponents and exposed body panels,with fresh water.

Index

153

AAccessories 137.............................................Air cleaner dump valve check 117..................Air cleaner element renewal 117.....................Air conditioning 40.........................................Air filter 117....................................................Air vents 37....................................................Anti-freeze 84 & 128.......................................Anti-theft precautions 4..................................Ashtray 41......................................................Auxiliary equipment 50...................................Axle oil renewal 122........................................Axle weights 132............................................BBattery 90.......................................................Battery charging 92........................................Blower control 38...........................................Bonnet opening 78.........................................Booster cables 67...........................................Brake fluid check 85.......................................Brake fluid specification 128...........................Brake pad/disc check 123...............................Brake pads 62.................................................Brakes 62.......................................................Braking system 62..........................................Breakdown safety 5........................................Bulb replacement 101.....................................CCapacities 129................................................Catalytic converter 51.....................................Child restraints 24..........................................Chocking a wheel 93.......................................Cigar lighter 41...............................................Cleaning 107...................................................Cold climates 46.............................................Controls 9.......................................................Cooling system top-up 83..............................Crossing a ditch 150.......................................Crossing a ridge 150......................................Cubby box 42.................................................

DDefrosting 39..................................................Demisting 39..................................................Descending steep slopes 148.........................Differential lock 60..........................................Dimensions 131.............................................Door locks 11.................................................Drive belts 119...............................................Driving 46.......................................................Driving on rough tracks 146...........................Driving on slippery surfaces 146....................Driving on soft surfaces & dry sand 145........Dynamometers (’rolling roads’) 76.................EElectrical equipment 137................................Electrical system 130......................................Emergency starting 67....................................Emergency towing 69.....................................Engine braking 142.........................................Engine compartment 79.................................Engine data 130..............................................Engine oil 81...................................................Engine oil (renewal) 115.................................Engine oil (used) 77........................................Engine oil filter renewal 116............................Engine oil top-up 81.......................................FFan control 38................................................Fluid specifications 127..................................Fuel 53............................................................Fuel consumption 133....................................Fuel economy 49............................................Fuel filling 54..................................................Fuel gauge 26.................................................Fuel safety 54 & 113.......................................Fuses 98.........................................................GGearbox 55.....................................................Gearbox oil change 120..................................Ground clearance 143.....................................

Index

154

HH.T. leads 118................................................Handbrake 63.................................................Handbrake check 124.....................................Hazard warning lights 34................................Headlights 30.................................................Headlight levelling 31.....................................Heater 38........................................................Height (of vehicle) 50.....................................High range gears 58.......................................High tension leads 118...................................Horn 30..........................................................IIgnition 45......................................................In-car telephones 42.......................................Indicators 30..................................................Instruments 26...............................................Interior light 41...............................................Interior trim 108.............................................JJack (wheel changing) 94...............................Jacking 94......................................................Jacking points 95...........................................Jump starting 67............................................KKey numbers 11.............................................LLight switches 30...........................................Lights 30........................................................Load carrying 64............................................Locks 11.........................................................Low range gears 58........................................Lubricant specifications 127...........................MMain gearbox oil renewal 120.........................Maintenance 3 & 75........................................Mobile phones 42...........................................NNose weight 65...............................................OOff-road driving 139.......................................Off-road performance 131..............................Oil 81..............................................................

Oil change 115................................................Oil filter renewal 116.......................................Owner maintenance 75...................................PParts & accessories 137.................................Poisonous liquids 77......................................Power steering 50..........................................Power steering top-up 86...............................Propeller shaft lubrication 124........................RReplacement bulbs 130..................................Rolling roads (dynamometers) 76..................Running-in 48.................................................SSafety in the garage 77 & 113.........................Safety on the forecourt 54..............................Seat belt safety 22..........................................Seat belts 22...................................................Seats 20.........................................................Security 4.......................................................Service portfolio 3 & 75..................................Sidelights 30...................................................Snow chains 88..............................................Spare wheel 94...............................................Spare wheel (removing) 94............................Spark plug renewal 118..................................Speedometer 26.............................................Starter switch 45............................................Starting 46......................................................Starting with a discharged battery 67.............Steep slopes 147............................................Steering 130...................................................Steering lock 45..............................................Sunroof 36.....................................................Switches 34....................................................Switching off 47.............................................

Index

155

TTachometer 26...............................................Taildoor 11.....................................................Telephones 42................................................Temperature gauge 26....................................Total distance recorder 26..............................Towing 64......................................................Towing for recovery 69...................................Towing weights 65 & 131...............................Trailer socket 66.............................................Transfer gearbox 58.......................................Transfer gearbox oil renewal 121....................Transmission 55.............................................Transmission ’wind-up’ 61.............................Transporter or trailer lashing 70.....................Travelling abroad 138.....................................Traversing a slope 149...................................Trip recorder 26..............................................Trip recorder reset button 26..........................Tyre sizes and pressures 133.........................Tyre wear 87...................................................Tyres 87.........................................................VVehicle care 107.............................................Vehicle height 50............................................Vehicle identification number 4.......................Vehicle recovery 69........................................Vehicle weights 132........................................Ventilation 37.................................................VIN 4..............................................................

WWarming up 46...............................................Warning labels 3.............................................Warning lights 27...........................................Warnings 27...................................................Warranty information 3...................................Washer 32......................................................Washer jet adjustment 89...............................Washing your vehicle 107..............................Weights 132...................................................Wheel changing 93.........................................Wheel chocks 93............................................Wheels 88.......................................................Wheels & tyres 133........................................Winching 71...................................................Windows 35...................................................Windscreen washer 32...................................Windscreen washer top-up 84........................Windscreen wipers 32....................................Wiper blade replacement 89...........................Wipers 32.......................................................Workshop maintenance 111...........................

Defender 50th Owner's Handbook - Eng manual... · the Land Rover Defender 90 and, together with the...

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Transcript of Defender 50th Owner's Handbook - Eng manual... · the Land Rover Defender 90 and, together with the...