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PEACEKEEPINGUN Vancouver

Canada

2017

Defence Ministerial

REPORT14-15 November, 2017

DGM-271117-FXT_UNPKDM_Report-Eng_v2.indd 1 2018-04-05 3:12 PM

COVER 1. TwoNigerianofficersfromtheUNFormedpoliceunitinHaiti speakwithchildrenastheypatrolthestreetsofPort-au-Prince. 2. PrimeMinisterJustinTrudeauandUNUnder-Secretary-General Jean-PierreLacroixpresenttheUNMilitaryGenderAdvocateof theYearAwardtoMajorSeitebatsoPearlBlock. 3. AngelinaJolie,UNHighCommissionforRefugeesSpecialEnvoy andCo-FounderofthePreventingSexualViolenceInitiative, participatesinaroundtablewithseniormilitaryofficials. 4. Hon.HarjitSajjan,MinisterofNationalDefenceand H.E.Rt.Hon.MichaëlleJean,SecretaryGeneralofthe OrganisationinternationaledelaFrancophonieparticipate inthe“YouthasPeacebuilders”workshop.

Further information

Furtherinformationaboutthe2017PeacekeepingMinisterialmaybefoundatthefollowingaddress: https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/campaigns/peacekeeping-defence-ministerial.html

D2-397/2018E-PDF

978-0-660-24952-0 DGM-271117-FXT


1REPORT

PEACEKEEPINGUN VancouverCanada

2017Defence Ministerial

UNPEACEKEEPINGDEFENCEMINISTERIAL

Hon.Marie-ClaudeBibeau,MinisterofInternationalDevelopmentandlaFrancophonie;Hon.HarjitSajjan,MinisterofNationalDefence;PrimeMinisterJustinTrudeau;Hon.ChrystiaFreeland,MinisterofForeignAffairs;andGeneralJonathanVance,ChiefoftheDefenceStaff.

OBJECTIVESOFTHEMINISTERIAL1. TakestockoftheeffortsachievedsincethelastUN

PeacekeepingDefenceMinisterial,heldinLondon,

UnitedKingdom,in2016;

2. EncouragenewpledgesfromMemberStatestoclose

keycapabilitygapsforUNpeacekeepingoperations;

3. AdvancepeacekeepingreformtoimprovetheUN’s

capacitytobetterplanandperformpeacekeeping

operations;

4. Fosterpragmaticandinnovativesolutionstomake

peacekeepingoperationsmoreeffective,bybuilding

onthe“3Ps”(pledges,planning,performance)withthe

additionofanewfocusonpartnerships.

SUMMARYOn14-15November2017,theUnitedNationsPeacekeeping

DefenceMinisterialinVancouverbroughttogetherthe

largestevergatheringofdefencedelegationsdedicated

topeacekeeping.Canada,theUnitedNationsand10

co-hostnations–Bangladesh,Ethiopia,Indonesia,Japan,

theNetherlands,Pakistan,Rwanda,Uruguay,theUnited

States,andtheUnitedKingdom–welcomedMinistersof

Defenceaswellasofficialdelegationsfrom80countries

andfiveinternationalorganizationstoelicitnewpledges

andadvanceexistingpledgeswiththeaimoffillinggapsin

UNcapabilities,reformingpeacekeepingtoaddressrecur-

ringproblems,increasingthenumberofwomeninvolved

inpeacekeepingandmodernizingtoolsbydoingpeace-

keepingdifferently.TheVancouverMinisterialwasthelatest

inaseriesofhigh-levelmeetingsthathavefocusedon

marshallingextrasupporttoassistinmeetingtheworld’slist

ofneedsintheareaofUNpeacekeeping.


2 REPORT



Followingamomentofsilenceforfallenpeacekeepers,

theplenaryeventwasofficiallyopenedbytheHonourable

HarjitS.Sajjan,CanadianMinisterofNationalDefence.

Toguidedeliberations,Jean-PierreLacroix,UNUnder-

Secretary-GeneralforPeacekeepingOperations,under-

linedtheprioritiesofmodernpeacekeeping:

• theimportanceofprioritizingpoliticalsolutions;

• theprotectionofcivilians;and

• theneedforpeacekeeperstobemoreeffective

andmoremobile,withbettertraining.

Speakingtotheassembleddelegations,PrimeMinister

JustinTrudeaucelebratedCanada’straditionofpeace-

keeping,beginningwiththelegacyofLesterB.Pearson,

whowontheNobelPeacePrizein1957forhisleadershipin

resolvingtheSuezCanalCrisis.ThePrimeMinisterempha-

sizedthattoday’speacekeepingchallengesarethoseof

anewera.Tothisend,Canadaannouncedanumber

ofpledges,includinganinitiativetoincreasethenumber

ofwomeninpeacekeeping–theElsieInitiativeonWomen

inPeaceOperations.PrimeMinisterTrudeaualsounveiled

theVancouverPrinciples,acomprehensivesetofpledg-

esincludingpoliticalcommitmentsbyMemberStatesto

enhancethetraining,planning,andconductoftheirown

forcesastheyrelatetopreventingtherecruitmentanduse

ofchildsoldiers.

Duringtheconference,49delegationsannouncednew

peacekeepingpledgesand14delegationsadvanced

pledgesthathadbeenmadepreviously.Manyofthesean-

nouncementsconsistedof‘smartpledges’–anemerging

practicetoaddresscriticalcapabilitygapsandimprove

coordinationwiththeUnitedNationsandamongstMember

States.

THEROADTOVANCOUVERThescopeofthe2017DefenceMinisterialextendedwell

beyondtheeventsof14-15NovemberinVancouver.

PreparatorymeetingsinKigali,Tokyo,andDhakawereheld

intherun-uptotheMinisterialbyco-hostsRwanda,the

Netherlands,JapanandBangladesh,witheachmeeting

focusedonmakingprogresstowardsakeychallengeof

modernpeacekeeping.Thesepreparatorymeetingswere

attendedby46MemberStatesandthreeinternational

organizations,andrepresentedanewapproachtothe

PeacekeepingMinisterialthatwaswelcomedbytheUnited

Nationsasadirectcontributiontothesuccessoftheevent

inVancouver.Inaddition,acivilSocietyRoundtablealso

washeldinOctober2017inOttawa,providingcivilsociety

actorsthechancetomakeconcreterecommendationson

peacekeepingreformandmodernization,whichwerethen

relayedtothedelegationsassembledinVancouver.These

eventshelpedestablishnetworksofpeacekeepingexper-

tise,communication,andcooperationthatwillliveonpast

theconclusionoftheMinisterialeventinVancouver.

GENDERANDPEACEKEEPINGRecognizingthatintegratinggenderperspectivesandem-

poweringwomenareintegraltoimprovingtheeffective-

nessofUNpeacekeeping,thesecrosscuttingissueswere

integratedintoallaspectsoftheMinisterial,includingin

discussionsonpeacekeepingplanningandperformance.

AsofOctober2017,fewerthan3,000womenmilitary

In recognition of her tireless work advocating

equality in peacekeeping and in recognition of the

crosscutting importance of gender, Major Seitebatso

Pearl Block of the South African National Defence

Force received the UN Military Gender Advocate of

the Year Award.


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peacekeepersweredeployed–3.6%ofthetotal.Imple-

mentationofUNSecurityCouncilResolution1325hasbeen

unacceptablyslow,andnumerousdelegationsaffirmed

theircommitmenttoincreasingthenumberofwell-trained,

well-equippedwomenpeacekeepersontheground.

Theimportanceofgenderawarenessandgender

equalitywasraisedconsistentlythroughouttheMinisteri-

al,andacrosspanelsdiscussingsmartpledges,training

andcapacitybuilding,protectingthoseatrisk,andearly

warningandrapiddeployment.Ofthe49delegationsthat

madenewpeacekeepingpledges,32ofthesepledges

containedagenderelement.

POLICEINPEACEKEEPINGThenumberofpolicepersonneldeployedinUnitedNations

peacekeepingmissionshasincreasedsignificantlyinrecent

yearsandpolice-relatedtasksinmissionmandateshave

becomemorecomplex.UNPoliceengageacrosstheen-

tirespectrumofpeaceandsecurityandcarryoutdynamic

mandatesencompassingoperations,training,mentoring,

advising,capacitybuildingand,insomeinstances,direct

lawenforcement.Inhisinterventions,LuísCarrilho,theUnited

NationsPoliceAdviser,reaffirmedthekeyroleofpolicein

theprotectionofcivilians–includingprotectionagainst

gender-basedviolence–andencouragedtroopcontrib-

utingcountriestoincreasepledgesofpolicecapabilitiesto

peacekeepingoperations.Henotedthatpoliceareoften

themostvisiblemanifestationoftheStateandanessential

elementforthepromotionofpeace,post-conflictrecon-

structionandsustainabledevelopment.

AnumberofMemberStatesmadenewpledgesforpolice

personnelandpoliceresourcesinVancouverandmany

notedtherequirementforbettercoordinationacross

uniformedservices,includingtheneedforclearrulesof

engagementforUnitedNationsandlocalpolicecom-

ponents.Inthatcontext,manyMemberStatessaidthat

increasingthenumberofwomeninUnitedNationspolice

–womencurrentlymakeuplessthan10%ofpolicepeace-

keepers–willalsohelpestablishtrustwithlocalpopulations

andhelpcreateasafeenvironmentforvictimsofsexual

violencetoreportcrimes.TheUnitedNationsUnder-

Secretary-GeneralforPeacekeepingOperationsnotedthat

policedeploymentisbecominganincreasinglyimportant

toolincomplexUnitedNationspeacekeepingoperations.

Twenty-onecountriespledgedcommitmentsrelatedto

policinginUNpeacekeeping,whichincludepledgesof:

policeofficers,includingincreasingthenumberofwomen

policeofficers;FormedPoliceUnits;SWAT-unitsandSpecial-

izedPoliceTeams.

Hon.RaulJungmann(Brazil),Ms.JaneConnors(UN); Hon.JosédeAzeredoLopes,(Portugal)

Mr.LuísCarrilho,UnitedNationsPoliceAdviser Mr.ChrisLewis,CouncillorfortheSquamishNationandMs.CharleneAleck,Councillor fortheTsleil-WaututhNation

PrimeMinisterJustinTrudeau


4 REPORT



OPERATINGINFRANCOPHONEENVIRONMENTSToday,someoftheUnitedNationsmostcomplexpeace-

keepingoperationstakeplaceinfrancophoneenviron-

mentsandpastexperiencedemonstratesthecentralrole

oflinguisticcapabilitiesinbuildingdialoguewithcommunities.

Asonedelegationnoted,thefocusontheoperationsin

francophoneenvironmentsinthecontextofUnitedNations

peacekeepingisnotprimarilyaboutpromotingtheuse

ofFrench,butratheraboutincreasingeffectiveness.Simply

put,giventhenumberofUnitedNationspeacekeeping

operationsinfrancophonecountries,thegrowingcomplexity

ofpeacekeepingmandatesandincreasinginteractions

withthelocalpopulation,thereisagrowingneedfor

peacekeeperstobeabletointeractwithlocalpopulations

inFrench.

MichaëlleJean,theSecretary-GeneraloftheOrganisation

internationale de la Francophonie,highlightedinheraddress

theneedforpersonneldeployedonUNpeacekeeping

operationsinfrancophoneenvironmentstobecognizantof

theculturalandhistoricalrealitiestheyarebeingdeployed

to,andtobeabletocommunicateinFrenchwithlocal

populations.Tothatend,elevenMemberStatespledgedto

providecapabilitiestoimproveoperationsinfrancophone

environments,suchasadditionalFrench-speakingtroops,

additionaltraininginFrenchandtranslationsintoFrench

ofresourcesavailabletoUNpersonnel.Beyondindividual

pledges,somedelegationsrecognizedtheneedforbilat-

eralandmultilateralpartnershipsbetweenfrancophone

countriesandinternationalorganizations,suchasthe

Organisation internationale de la Francophonie,andnon-

French-speakingtroopcontributingcountries.

Keynote Address

Angelina Jolie, UN High Commission

for Refugees (UNHCR) Special Envoy and

Co-Founder of the Preventing Sexual

Violence Initiative

In her keynote address, the UNHCR Special

Envoy implored participants to end gender-

based violence and argued that tackling its most

extreme form, sexual violence as a weapon of

war, is vital for future peace and security:

“Even if we accept that sexual violence has

nothing to do with sex, that it is a crime, and that

it is used as a weapon, many people still believe

that it is simply not possible to do anything about

it. Look at how hard it is in our own societies, the

argument goes. How could we possibly prevent

sexual violence in the extreme conditions of war?

It is hard, but it is not impossible. We have the

laws, the institutions, and the expertise in gathering

evidence. We are able to identify perpetrators

and those responsible. What is missing is the

political will.”

H.E.Rt.Hon.MichaëlleJean,Secretary-GeneraloftheOrganisationinternationaledelaFrancophonieandrecordingartist,peaceactivist,andformerchildsoldier,EmmanuelJal.


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ThePrinciplesareasetof17pledgesthatbuildonan

existingbodyofpolicyandinternationallawsurrounding

childrenandarmedconflict,includingtheParisPrinciples.

TheVancouverPrinciplesfocusonthechallengesposedby

childsoldiersinapeacekeepingcontext,placingaddition-

alemphasisoneffortstopreventtherecruitmentofchild

soldiers,includingthroughearlywarningandreportingon

graveviolationsofchildren’srights.

SMARTPLEDGES

Chair: Rt.Hon.EarlHowe,P.C.,MinisterofStateforDefenceandDeputyLeaderoftheHouseofLords,UnitedKingdom

Panelists:

Hon.FrankBakke-Jensen,MinisterofDefence,Norway

MGen(ret’d)TariqueAhmedSiddique,DefenceandSecurityAdvisortothePM,Bangladesh

Mr.WimGeerts,DeputyMinisterofDefence,Netherlands

Smartpledgesarepledgesmadeinconjunctionwithother

MemberStatesandinternationalorganizationsthatfillkey

capabilitiesgapsforUNpeacekeeping.TheMinisterial

highlightedsmartpledgesasacrucialtooltoensurethe

deploymentofkeyenablersandspecializedcapabilities.

Inapanelannouncingnewandadvancedsmartpledges

byMemberStates,commitmentsweremadetousenew

mechanismstofilltheUN’sneedforrapiddeployment,to

providefemaleengagementteamsandmixed-gender

unitstoaddresscrucialgaps,toestablishmedicalfacilities,

andtoprovideinnovationsintraining.

Panelistsalsodiscussedtheimportanceofpartnerships

betweenmultipleMemberStates,especiallyforsmaller

troopcontributingcountries.Smartpartnershipshave

beenusedtoproviderotationalarrangementsbetween

countries,allowingforscarce,high-endcapabilitiestobe

deployedonaconsistent,longer-termbasis.Whilethese

partnershipshavesofarfocusedonaircapabilities,a

generalinterestinextendingrotationalarrangementsto

otherareasofpeacekeeping,suchasmedicalfacilities,

wasexpressed.Regionalcooperationthroughsmartpledges

wasspecificallyhighlightedasawayforMemberStatesto

worktogethertoensurethatpledgescouldbetargeted

tofittheneedsofmodernpeacekeepingoperations.

THEVANCOUVERPRINCIPLESTheVancouverPrinciplesonPeacekeepingandthe

PreventionoftheRecruitmentandUseofChildSoldiers,

endorsedbyover50UNMemberStatesatthetimeof

launchinVancouver,isaninitiativedevelopedbythe

CanadiangovernmentinpartnershipwiththeRoméoDallaire

ChildSoldiersInitiativethatwillplacegreateremphasisin

peacekeepingcontextsoneffortstopreventtherecruit-

mentanduseofchildsoldiers.

Atul Khare, UN Under-Secretary-General

for Field Support

“Partnerships with Member States and regional

organizations are critical for the success of the

United Nations and for the success of peacekeeping.

We have partnerships that involve Member States

who give us the mandates, who provide us with the

troops, who provide us with the fi nancial resources,

critical equipment and political support.”

LGen(ret’d.)theHon.RoméoDallairespeakstomedia.


6 REPORT



INNOVATIONINTRAININGANDCAPACITYBUILDING

Chair:Hon.ChrystiaFreeland,P.C.,M.P.,MinisterofForeignAffairs,Canada

Panelists:

Hon.TomohiroYamamoto,StateMinisterofDefence,Japan

Hon.PeterHultqvist,MinisterofDefence,Sweden

Mr.PhilippeErrera,DirectorGeneralInternationalRelations&Strategy,MinistryofDefence,France

Dr.PatriciaFlor,FederalGovernmentCommissionerforDisarmamentandArmsControlandDirector-GeneralforInternationalOrder,theUnitedNationsandArmsControl,Germany

MGenJean-PaulDeconinck,ForceCommanderMINUSMA

Akeylessonofpeacekeep-

ingmissionsistheimpor-

tanceoftrainingandca-

pacitybuilding,bothinterms

ofimprovingthecapabilities

ofpeacekeepingforces

andinbuildingthestrength

ofthelocalforces,avital

factorforlong-termstability.

Contributionsbydelegations

focusedonwaystosupport

theprofessionalmilitaryskills

neededtofulfillpeacekeep-

ingmandatesandhelp

fostersustainablepeace.

Delegationshighlightedthe

importanceofUNtrainingstandardsandevaluationcriteria

toensureconsistencyandeffectivenessinthepreparation

ofpeacekeepersfordeployment.Regionalcapacitybuild-

ingarrangementsandbilateralpartnerships,thedeploy-

mentofmobiletrainingteamsandthedevelopmentof

specializedskillssuchaslanguageskillswereraisedaskey

waystoaddressthechallengesfacingtheUNtoday.

Further,theimportanceofadditionaltrainingopportunities

forwomentoincreasethenumberofwomenpeace-

keepers,aswellasgender-basedtrainingprogramsforall

peacekeepers,andnotjustforwomen,wasstressed.

PROTECTINGTHOSEATRISK

Chair: Mr.Jean-PierreLacroix,UnitedNationsUnder-Secretary-GeneralforPeacekeepingOperations

Panelists:

Mrs.RebeccaSkinner,AssociateSecretaryofDefence,Australia

Hon.RaulJungmann,MinisterofDefence,Brazil

Hon.JoséAlbertodeAzeredoLopes,MinisterofNationalDefense,Portugal

GenJamesKabarebe,MinisterofDefence,Rwanda

Ms.JaneConnors,AssistantSecretary-General,Victims’RightsAdvocate,UnitedNations

Protectingvulnerablepopulationsisaprimarygoalof

peacekeepingoperationsandmorethan95%ofUNpeace-

keepingpersonnelcurrentlyserveinmissionswithamandate

toprotectcivilians.DiscussionsattheMinisterialhighlighted

themodernchallengesofpeacekeeping,withmanydele-

gatesnotingtheirsupportforthereformsproposedbyUnited

NationsSecretary-GeneralGuterres.Inadditiontonumerous

pledgesfornewresourcesandcapabilities,delegates

inVancouvernotedthatprotectingthoseatriskrequires

peacekeepingoperationstobetteranticipatethreatsto

populations.Increasingthenumberofwomeninpeace-

keepingmissionswasnotedbymanyasanimportantstep

tohelpgainthetrustoflocalcommunitiesandprotect

populationsmostatrisk,includingwomenandchildren.

Discussionshighlightedthatprotectingthoseatriskalso

meansholdingpeacekeepersaccountableandbring-

ingthoseguiltyofcrimestojustice.Inthatcontextall

Patrick M. Shanahan,

United States Deputy

Secretary of Defense

“The world needs

strong leadership right

now. We come from

different backgrounds,

experiences and

places that infl uence

how we view security

challenges, but we

have a common goal

– to protect and save

innocent lives.”

AGhanaianpoliceofficeroftheAfricanUnion-UnitedNationsHybridOperationinDarfur(UNAMID)poseswithschoolchildrenattheElSereifcampforinternallydisplacedpersons,inSouthDarfur.


7REPORT



participatingcountriespledgedtheirsupportfortheUN

Secretary-General’sfocusonzerotoleranceforsexual

exploitationandabuse.Itwasagreedthattheprotection

ofciviliansisprimarilytheresponsibilityofhostcountries;the

UnitedNationsandtroopcontributingcountriesmustwork

tocreatetheconditionsforthistransitiontotakeplace.

EARLYWARNINGANDRAPIDDEPLOYMENT

Chair: Mr.AtulKhare,Under-Secretary-GeneralforField Support,UnitedNations

Panelists:

Hon.KhurramDastgirKhan,MinisterofDefence,Pakistan

MGenShaoYuanming,DeputyChiefofStaff,JointStaff DepartmentoftheCentralMilitaryCommission,China

MGenBenFrancisOkello,Chief,PlansandOperationsUnit,PeaceSupportOperationsDivisioninthePeaceandSecurityDepartment,AfricanUnion

Hon.JüriLuik,MinisterofDefence,Estonia,RepresentingthePresidencyoftheEuropeanUnion

Mr.LuísCarrilho,PoliceAdvisor,UnitedNations

DiscussionsattheMinisterialhighlightedthatearlywarning

andrapiddeploymentmechanismsareneededmore

thanevertopreventescalationsofviolence.Notingthat

thecapacitytoreacttoearlywarningscanbuildtrustwith

localpopulationsandsavelives,anumberofparticipating

countriesmadeconcretepledgesforunitsandresources

tobemadeavailabletotheUnitedNationsforrapid

deployment.Inviewoftheincreasingcomplexityofpeace-

keepingoperations,variousdelegationssuggestedthatthe

UnitedNationsisnotonlyinneedofadditionalresources

butalsoofnewstrategiesandbettercoordinationmecha-

nismstoavoidoverlappingefforts.Thisincludesbettercoor-

dinationbetweenandamongtroopcontributingcountries,

aswellasearlierandmoreeffectiveengagementwithhost

countriestofacilitatequickerdeployments.

Somedelegationsnotedapossibleroleforregionalorga-

nizationstoactintimesofcrisesandfillingapsinsituations

wheretheUNlackstheabilitytodeployresourcesquickly.

Inadditiontotheirpledges,severalMemberStatesreiterated

theircommitmenttoUNinitiativesincludingtoincreasethe

numberandpercentageofwomendeployedonpeace-

keepingoperationsandtoupholdthehigheststandards

ofbehaviourasframedincodesofconduct,includingthe

UNSecretary-General’spolicyofzerotoleranceonsexual

exploitationandabuse.

MinisterofNationalDefenceHarjitSajjan;UNUnder-Secretary-GeneralJean-PierreLacroixandUNUnder-Secretary-GeneralAtulKhare

MGenShaoYuanming(China),MGenBenFrancisOkello(AfricanUnion)andHon.JüriLuik(EuropeanUnion)

OpeningCeremony


8 REPORT



YOUTHASPEACEBUILDERSWORKSHOPANDTOWNHALLInvolvingyouthinthepromotionofpeaceandsecuritywas

akeygoaloftheUNPeacekeepingDefenceMinisterial.

PriortotheMinisterialplenary,theUnitedNationsAssociation

inCanada(UNAC)organizedaworkingsessionandtown

hallofyouthdelegates.Thedelegatesdiscussedanumber

ofrecommendationsforsupportingtheroleofyouthas

peacebuilders–includingloweringthevotingagein

Canada,promotingeducationatalllevels,andsupporting

theroleofIndigenousyouth–whichwerethenpresented

totheMinisterofInternationalDevelopmentand

Minister of National Defence Harjit S. Sajjan

“It has been an honour and a privilege to host these deliberations. Now, as we

return home, we must turn the solemn promise of today into the concrete results

of tomorrow.

We must continue to work together to ensure the UN is able to respond to the

evolving challenges we face.

Because, as Lester B. Pearson put it so well:

‘Of all our dreams today there is none more important – or so hard to realize –

than that of peace in the world. May we never lose our faith in it, or our resolve to

do everything that can be done to convert it one day into reality.’”

LaFrancophonie,Marie-ClaudeBibeau.RoméoDallaire,

LieutenantGeneral(ret’d)andheadoftheChildSoldiers

Initiative,andMichaëlleJean,Secretary-Generalofthe

Organisation internationale de la Francophonie,participated

intheworkshop,workingwithyouthdelegatestofoster

innovativeideas.Afullaccountoftheeventandofrecom-

mendationsmadebyyouthdelegateswillbereleasedby

UNAClaterthisyear.

THEROLEOFTHEPRIVATESECTORINCONFLICTPREVENTIONCoordinatedbytheDepartmentofNationalDefenceand

theofficeofDominicBarton,GlobalManagingPartnerat

McKinsey&Co,thiseventbroughttogethertheCanadian

MinisterofNationalDefence,HarjitS.Sajjan;theMinister

ofInternationalDevelopment,Marie-ClaudeBibeau;and

fivepanelists–JohnThornton,AlexandraGuáqueta-Girvin,

CharlesSirois,KarinFinkelston,andAmbassadorMarc-

AndréBlanchard–todiscusstheroleoftheprivatesector

inconflictprevention.Notingthatmostconflictscannotbe

resolvedmilitarily,panelistsdiscussedtheroleoftheprivate

sectorinconflictprevention,economicgrowth,youth

employmentandpreventingradicalizationinconflictareas.

Theyagreedthatpost-conflictreconstructionandthe

maintenanceofpeacerequiresprivatesectorinvestment

andthatgovernmentshavearoletoplayinpromotinglocal

entrepreneurship–especiallyforwomenentrepreneurs.MinisterofInternationalDevelopmentandLaFrancophonieMarie-ClaudeBibeauparticipatesinthe“YouthasPeacebuilders”TownHall.


9REPORT



Governmentsmustenactregulationstoencouragenew

investmentsinconflictandremoteareas,drawingonthe

expertiseofinternationalorganizationssuchastheInter-

nationalFinanceCorporation.Asglobalofficialdevelop-

mentassistancewillcontinuetofallshortoftheneedsof

thedevelopingworld,participantsagreedthatthereisa

compellingcaseforcontinuingtoinvestininnovativeways

toaddressconflictprevention,asresearchshowsthishas

asignificantandlastingimpact.AsMinisterSajjannoted,

themilitarycan‘buytime’topreventandstopconflicts,

butonlyastrongcivilsocietyandprivatesectorcanbuild

sustainablegrowth.

WOMEN,PEACE,ANDSECURITYCHIEFSOFDEFENCENETWORKThelaunchoftheWomen,PeaceandSecurityChiefsof

DefenceNetwork(WPSCHODNetwork)markedthedebut

ofaforumforseniormilitaryleaderstoadvancetheWomen,PeaceandSecurityagendainnationalmilitaries

bysharingbestpractices,addressingbarriersandchallenges,

andmeasuringprogress.Theeventwasco-hostedby

Bangladesh,Canada,andtheUKwithcloseto30countries

and65representativesattending.Remarksfromco-hosts

focusedontheimportanceofactivelyengagingCHODs

asthoseinpositionsofinfluenceonWPSandtheintegral

roleofgenderperspectivesinoperationalplanningand

decisionmaking.Bangladesh,CanadaandtheUK

announcedtheirpledgestothenetwork,followedby

interventionsfromcountriespledgingtojointhenetwork

inadditiontopledgesrelatedtoadvancingthetenetsof

UNSCR1325andtheWPSagendaintheirnationalarmed

forces.TheNetworkagreedtomeetonthemarginsof

conferencesliketheUNPeacekeepingDefenceMinisterial

toevaluateprogressonpledgesandtodiscusschallenges.

Ms.JodyThomas,DeputyMinisterofNationalDefence;Hon.HarjitSajjan,MinisterofNationalDefence;PrimeMinisterJustinTrudeauandGeneralJonathanVance,ChiefoftheDefenceStaff.

Delegatesfrom80countriesand5internationalorganizationsattendedtheUNPeacekeepingDefenceMinisterialinVancouver.

DominicBarton,JohnThornton,AlexandraGuáqueta-Girvin,CharlesSirois,KarinFinkelstonandAmbassadorMarc-AndréBlanchardparticipateinthepaneldiscussionontheroleoftheprivatesectorinconflictprevention.


10 ANNEX A LIST OF PARTICIPANTS



ANNEXALISTOFPARTICIPANTS

AfricanUnionCommission

Argentina*

Armenia*

Australia*

Austria*

Bangladesh*

Belgium*

Benin*

Bhutan*

Brazil

Cambodia*

Cameroon*

Canada*

Chad

Chile*

China*

Colombia*

Côted’Ivoire

Croatia*

CzechRepublic*

Denmark

Egypt*

Estonia

Ethiopia*

EuropeanUnion*

Fiji*

Finland*

France*

Gambia*

Georgia

Germany*

Ghana*

Greece

Guatemala

Hungary

India*

Indonesia*

Ireland*

Italy*

Japan*

Jordan*

Kazakhstan*

Kenya*

Kyrgyzstan

Lithuania*

Malaysia

Mexico*

Mongolia*

Morocco*

NATO*

Nepal*

Netherlands*

NewZealand

Nigeria*

Norway*

OrganisationinternationaledelaFrancophonie

Pakistan*

Peru*

Philippines*

Poland*

Portugal*

RepublicofKorea*

Romania*

RussianFederation

Rwanda*

Senegal*

Serbia

SierraLeone

SouthAfrica

Spain

SriLanka*

Sweden*

Thailand*

Tunisia

Turkey*

Uganda*

Ukraine*

UnitedArabEmirates

UnitedKingdomofGreatBritain andNorthernIreland*

UnitedNations

UnitedRepublicofTanzania*

UnitedStatesofAmerica*

Uruguay*

Vietnam*

Zambia*

*indicatesnewand/oradvancedpledgeannouncementsinVancouver Formoredetailedinformationonspecificpledgesbydelegation,pleasevisit: https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/campaigns/peacekeeping-defence-ministerial/pledges.html


11ANNEX B COMMUNIQUÉ



1. ThereportoftheHigh-levelIndependentPanelonPeaceOperations(A/70/95-S/2015/446)andthereportoftheSecretary-GeneralontheimplementationofthePanel’srecommendations(A/70/357-S/2015/682)

ANNEXB2017UNPEACEKEEPINGDEFENCE MINISTERIAL:VANCOUVERCOMMUNIQUÉ

From14-15November2017,delegationsfrom80countries

metinVancouver,Canada,tore-affirmtheircommitment

toUnitedNationspeacekeeping.

Foroversixtyyears,UNpeacekeepinghasservedasthe

standardbeareroftheworld’ssharedcommitmenttointer-

nationalpeaceandsecurity,provingtobeoneofthemost

effectivetoolsavailabletoassisthostcountriesandtheirpop-

ulations,innavigatingthedifficultpathfromconflicttopeace.

Wesalutethebravewomenandmenwhoserveinpeace-

keepingoperationsaroundtheworld,andpaytributetothose

whohavemadetheultimatesacrificeinthepursuitofpeace.

Astheseoperationsgrowincomplexity,theUNtoomust

evolve;notjusttokeeppace,buttoanticipate,toadapt,

andtorespond–differentlyandbetter–tothechallenges

beforeus.AsMembersoftheUnitedNations,whether

ashostnationsorastroop,police,financial,orequipment

contributors,wehaveanessentialroleinthisevolution.

Werecognisethatourscanonlybeasharedsuccess,

achievedinpartnershipwiththeUNSecretariat,regional

organisations,andwitheachother.

MOVINGFORWARDINUNPEACEKEEPING:WORKINGDIFFERENTLYANDBETTER,TOGETHERTothisend,wemustworktogethertoreformourshared

institutions,enhanceoperationaleffectiveness,andto

makeasustainedandcollectiveefforttoaddresscapability

gapsinUNpeacekeeping.Italsorequiresustointegrate

genderperspectivesindefininganddeliveringthesecapa-

bilities,ifwearetotrulydothingsdifferentlyandbetter.

WearethereforeencouragedbytheSecretary-General’s

effortstopursuecomprehensivereformintheareasofman-

agement,development,peaceandsecurity,andgender.

Wetakenoteofthe2015PeaceOperationsReview1,and

thecomplementaryfocusoftheseprocessesinorientingUN

peacekeepingtowardsagreaterfield-focus,andinplacing

peopleatthecentreofourefforts.TheUNmustevolvetobet-

teraddresscriticalchallengesinthedesign,planning,resourc-

ing,executionandoversightofpeacekeepingoperations.

Wewelcomethenewpledgesmadeby49delegationsat

theVancouverMinisterial,andtheprogressthesepledging

conferenceshaveachievedinmeetingpersistentcapability

gapsandimprovingtheperformanceandcapabilitiesof

uniformedandcivilianpersonnel.Asaresultofcollective

efforts—planning,pledges,performance,togetherwith

theprimacyofpoliticsandpartnerships—havecometo

underpinourapproachtostrategicforcegenerationand

areintegraltothesuccessofUNpeacekeeping.


12 ANNEX B COMMUNIQUÉ



Aswecontinuetoimprovestrategicforcegeneration,

wemustbroadenourplanninghorizons,movingbeyond

short-termoperationalgapsortroopandpoliceceilingsas

driversforcapabilitydiscussions;systematicallyandtrans-

parentlybuildlonger-termsolutionsforforcegeneration,

includingthroughbetterdata-drivenmissionanalytics;and

proactivelyaddressgender,policeandfrancophonecapac-

ities,whichremaininshortsupplyandareimportanttothe

successofUNpeacekeeping.Weshouldalsoconsider,

fromthestart,exitstrategiesforpeacekeepingoperations.

Inlinewiththeseobjectives,inVancouver,weidentified

concretewaystomoveforwardinUNpeacekeeping,work-

ingdifferentlyandbetter,together,by:

• Re-affirmingourcommitmenttoUNpeacekeeping,

throughthenextgenerationofsmartpledges;

• Improvingourabilitytodeliveronthiscommitment,

throughinnovationsintrainingandcapacity-building;

• Aligningourcorrespondingcapabilitiestowherethey

aremostneededinthefield,throughconcertedand

integratedstrategiesinordertoprotectthosemostat

risk,and

• Enhancingtheeffectivenessofhowwedeliverthese

capabilities,throughimprovedapproachestopartnering

andplanninginearlywarningandrapiddeployment.

Wefurtheraffirmedthatintegratinggenderperspectives,

increasedknowledgeoflocallanguageandculture,

includingthecontinuingneedtofocusonoperatingin

francophoneenvironments,andstrengtheningUNPolice

arekeytothelong-termsuccessoftheseobjectives.

SMARTPLEDGESFirstandforemost,weaffirmedthenecessityofmoving

beyondtraditionalmodelsofpledginganddeployingto

considerwaysthatmultiplecountriescouldsharethe

burdenofprovidingthecapabilitiesthatareinhighest

demand.Smartpledgesserveasanenablerintheirown

rightandprovidethepredictabilityofsupplythatis

neededtoenhanceamission’schanceoflong-term

success.WeencourageMemberStatestoidentifywhere

theycanjointlyimplementsmartpledgesandcommend

initiativesunderway,suchaseffortsamongstMember

StatesandtheUNSecretariattoestablishrotationplans

formilitarytransportaircraftintheUNMultidimensional

IntegratedStabilisationMissioninMali.

Fromtheverybeginning,strategicforcegeneration

pushesustoconsiderthecapabilitiesthatareneededto

fulfilmandatesandensurethesafetyandsecurityofUnited

Nationspersonnelinthefield.Smartpledgesareameans

ofmeetingthemostcriticalcapabilitygapsinUNpeace-

keeping,particularlyinareassuchasaviation,engineering,

andmedical.

Inthisregard,weencouragetheUNSecretariattowork

closelywithMemberStates,andparticularlytroop,police,





financialandequipmentcontributingcountries,tostrengthen

thecapabilitiesofUNpeacekeepingmissions.Wereiterate

ourcallfortheSecretary-GeneraltoensurethattheUN–

inparticularthoseofficesoverseeingpeacekeeping,field

supportandmanagement–hasthesystemsinplaceto

deploy,absorbandsustainnewlypledgedassetsrapidly

andinaccordancewiththespecificneedsofindividualmis-

sions,includinginareasasairlift,rapidengineeringsupport,

forceheadquartersandpoliceandcivilianrecruitment.

Effectivemandateimplementationalsorequiressustained

focusonaddressingchronicgapsinrelationtopolicing,

francophoneandgendercapacities.Thesecapacities

arecriticaltomissionobjectives,maintainingmeaningful

dialoguewithlocalpopulations,aswellashelpingtobuild

thefoundationforhostnationsuccess.

Wefurtherrecognisethatgreaterwomen’sparticipationin

peacekeepingisdirectlylinkedtoimprovedoperational

effectiveness.Women’sparticipationbroadenstheskills

andcapacitiesamongallcategoriesofpersonneland

improvesthemission’simage,accessibility,andcredibility

vis-à-visthelocalpopulation.WethereforecallonMember

StatestorealisecommitmentsmadeattheLondonUN

PeacekeepingMinisterialConferencetodoublethenumber

offemalepeacekeepersinmissionsby2020,including

deploying,atminimum,15%(militarystaffofficersand

observers)and20%(police)femalepersonnel.Wewelcome

thelaunchoftheWomen,PeaceandSecurityChiefsof

DefenceNetwork,whichwillcontributetothesegoals,and

encourageMemberStatestoappointChampionsandjoin

thenetwork.

Weacknowledgethatinordertoaddressstructuralbarriers

preventingthefullinvolvementofwomeninnationalmilitaries

andUNpeacekeeping,theseobjectivesshouldbebacked

bytargetedfemalerecruitment,training,andpromotionini-

tiatives;retentionstrategies;reviewsofrestrictionsonmilitary

occupations;regularreportingontheproportionoffemale

andmaleparticipation;andimplementationofgender-re-

sponsivebudgetingtools.Wefurthernotetheimportance

ofempoweringwomenpeacekeepersinordertoensure

theirequalaccesstorelevantseniorleadershippositions.

INNOVATIONINTRAININGANDCAPACITY BUILDINGSecond,wecalledforarenewedglobaltrainingpartner-

shipforUNpeacekeepingandweencouragedMember

Statepledgesforpeacekeepingcapacity-building.The

complexitiesoftoday’soperationsrequirecoordinatedand

cross-cuttingactiontoenhancetheequippingandtraining

ofpeacekeepers,includingUNpolice.Notwithstanding

thattroopandpolicecontributingcountriesremainrespon-

sibleforthedeliveryoftraining,MemberStates,regional

organisations,andtheUNSecretariatbringacollective

wealthofknowledgeandexperiencethatisunparalleled

tothatofanysingleeffort.

Thus,weencouragethisrenewedrelationshiptobebuilt

onsustainabletrainingandcapacitybuildingandpeer-to-

peerlearning,supportedbyexpandedtriangularpart-

nershipsbetweendonors,troopandpolicecontributing

countriesandtheUNSecretariat.Thiswouldincludeframe-

worksdrivenbylong-termforceandpolicegeneration

needs,informedbydata-drivenperformanceassessments,

andensuringcontinuitybetweenpeacekeepersreceiving

equipmentandtrainingandthosebeingdeployed.

Wewelcomethedevelopmentofthetrain-the-trainer

centreinEntebbeandencouragegreaterinnovative

practicessuchastheuseofmobiletrainingteams.Similarly,

inrecognisingthevalueoftrainingandsupportformission

leadership,wefurtherwelcomethemovetowardsin-

missionscenario-basedtrainingandleadershippartnering

initiatives.





Weacknowledge

theneedtostrength-

enpre-deployment

trainingforUNpolice,

includingthroughthe

useoftheStrategic

GuidanceFramework

asthebasisforoper-

ationalguidanceand

trainingtoolstoensure

coherenceacrossall

police-contributing

countries.

Werecognisetheexistenceofbarrierstothedevelopment

anddeploymentofqualifiedwomenpeacekeepersand

peacekeepinginstructors,andcommittocreatingmech-

anismstoovercometheseobstacles,inordertoprovide

greateropportunitiesforwomeninpeacekeeping.

Wefurtheracknowledgethatanumberoflarge-scaleUN

peacekeepingoperationsaretakingplaceinfrancophone

environments.Wemustcontinuetoaddresslinguistic

gapsandenhanceoperationalcapabilitiesinallmissions,

includingthoseinfrancophoneareas,byleveraging

innovativepartnershipopportunities.Wetherefore

welcometheMinisterialConferenceonPeacekeepingin

theFrancophoneAreaconvenedinParis(October2016),

appreciatethesupportoftheOrganisation internationale

de la Francophonie,andencouragefollow-oninitiativesto

buildthecapacityoffrancophonepartnerstodeployin

UNpeacekeepingmissions.

Wealsoencouragecontinuedeffortstoevaluateand

improvecontingentperformance.Weagreethathigh

performingpeacekeepersarecriticaltomissionsuccess.

WestronglyemphasisetheroleofMemberStatesin

ensuringoperationalreadinessandcertificationoftheir

peacekeepers.WerecognisetheneedfortheUNtoen-

gageearlierandmoreconsistentlywithtroopandpolice

contributingcountriesinordertoidentifytraininggaps

andremediationmechanismstoaddressthesegaps

wherepossible

PROTECTINGTHOSEATRISKThird,weunderlinedthatprotectingthoseatriskliesatthe

heartofmodern-daymulti-dimensionalUNpeacekeeping

operations.Fortwodecades,theinternationalcommunity

hasturnedtotheUNandregionalpeaceoperationsto

respondtoconflictsmarkedbyegregiousviolencetoward

civilianpopulations.Today,morethan95%ofUNpeace-

keepingpersonnelserveinmissionswithaprotectionof

civiliansmandate.

Tothisend,weemphasisetheimportanceofsupporting

comprehensiveprotectionofcivilians’strategies.This

includestrainingdeployedpeacekeepersontheprotection

ofciviliansandstrengtheningaccountabilityforthe

implementationofprotectionofcivilianmandates.

WenoteinitiativesbyMemberStatestoimplementbest

practicesassetoutintheKigaliPrinciplesformissionswith

aprotectionofciviliansmandate.

Wenotethatintegratinggenderperspectivesatalllevels

ofpeacekeepingisessentialfortheprotectionofcivilians.

Personnelmustbeadequatelytrainedtoprevent,recog-

nise,andrespondtoincidentsofconflict-relatedsexual

violenceandgender-basedviolence.Thisrequiresrec-

ognitionoftheuniquevulnerabilitiesfacedbywomen,

men,girlsandboys,inthepeacekeepingsetting.Gender

considerationsmustbeintegratedintoallmilitarydoctrine

andplanning,womenpeacekeepersdeployedtoengage

withcertainsegmentsofthelocalpopulation,andvictims’





rightsadvocatesandprotectionofficersappointed,where

appropriate.

Werecognisethatanequallyimportantcomponenttopro-

tectingthoseatriskincludesbuildingthecapacityofhost

states.Wheremandated,UNPoliceplayanimportantrole

inbuildingtheconfidenceandcapacityofthehostnation

todevelopitspoliceandjusticeservices,allowingtheUNto

reduceandeventuallywithdrawitspeacekeepingoper-

ations.Thus,wecallonUNPolicetoputgreaterfocuson

fieldingandsupportingspecialisedteamsthatcanbetter

supporthost-statedrivenneeds,asappropriate,andforUN

Policetointegratespecialisedteamsintothefullrangeof

peacekeepingoperationsinlinewithmissionmandates.

Moreover,wecondemninthestrongesttermssexualex-

ploitationandabusecommittedbyUNpeacekeepersand

staff,andcallonMemberStatesandtheUNSecretariatto

redoubleeffortsonprevention,accountability,andvictimas-

sistance.WeappreciatetheSecretary-General’slatestefforts

toestablishahigh-levelCircleofLeadershipandtodevelop

voluntarycompactswithMemberStatesontheelimination

ofSexualExploitationandAbuse,whichweencourageall

MemberstopursuewiththeUNandimplementfully.

WewelcometheUN’srecentadoptionofavictim-

centeredapproach,includingtheappointmentofthe

Victim’sAdvocate,andinthisregard,willstrivetoclearly

identifypoliciesandadequatestandardstoassistthe

victimsofsuchheinousacts.

Wealsorecallthatpeacekeepingcanplayanimportant

rolewithrespecttotheprotectionofchildreninconflict.

WenotetheinitiativebyMemberStatestodevelopstan-

dardsinthisarea,includingtheVancouverPrincipleson

PeacekeepingandthePreventionoftheRecruitmentand

UseofChildSoldiers.

Wefurtherrecognisetheimportanceofdeployingpeace-

keepingmissionsthatcontributepositivelyandoperate

atminimumrisktopeople,societiesandecosystems,and

achievemaximumefficiencyintheiruseofnaturalresources,

whereverpossible.

EARLYWARNINGANDRAPIDDEPLOYMENTFourth,wereiteratedthateffectiveearlywarningandrapid

deploymentareessentialtobuildingconfidenceamongst

civilianpopulations,andtopreventingandinterrupting

escalationsofviolence.

FragmentationacrosstheUnitedNationsremainsamajor

impedimentforearlyandeffectiveengagementinpeace

andsecuritychallenges.WeurgetheUNSecretariatto

bringgreatercoherencyacrosstheUNsystemandto

operateasone,tohelpstrengthenearlywarning,assess-

ment,analysisandsituationalawareness,includingpeace-

keepingintelligencecapacities.

WefurtherencouragetheSecretariattoplacegreater

focusonintegratedapproaches,includingplanningmech-

anisms,tosupportcontingencycrisisplanning.Weemphasise

thatpolicingisanomponentofUNpeacekeepingwhere

mandated,andwethereforeunderlinethecriticalimpor-

tanceoffullyintegratingpoliceplanningintotheoverall

missionplanningprocess.

Cooperationandpartnershipamongstthehoststate,

SecurityCouncilMembers,troop,police,financialand

equipmentcontributingcountries,regionalorganisations,

andtheUNSecretariat,arefundamentaltoleveraging

thesekeypledges,aswellastoidentifyingandremoving

bureaucraticobstaclesthatcontinuetoimpederapid

deploymenttoandwithinthefield.Thedevelopmentofa

rosterofmilitaryandpoliceunitsavailabletodeployfrom





theirhomecountrywithin60daysisanimportant

stepforward.

Wecontinuetoacknowledgethecriticalroleplayedby

regionalandsub-regionalorganisationsinconfrontingsome

oftheworld’smostdifficultpeaceandsecuritychallenges.

Inparticular,werecognisetheeffortsbeingmadebythe

AfricanUnionanditssub-regionalmechanismstoopera-

tionalisetheRapidDeploymentCapabilityoftheAfrican

StandbyForce.Weappreciatethepotentialforinnovative

practicesandpartnershipstofurtherdeveloptheForce’s

operationalcapabilityandtoenhancetheplanning

capacitiesofboththeAUandtheUN.

Finally,wenotethatUNpeacekeepingmustbeready

torespondtoavastarrayofchallengesandthatnoad-

vantageshouldbewithheldforthoseworkingforpeace.

WethereforeencouragetheUNtopursuethetrialanduse

ofinnovativeandmoderntechnologyinthefield,as

appropriateandconsistentwiththebasicprinciplesof

peacekeeping.

Takentogether,andinworkingdifferentlyandbetter,these

effortswillimproveUNpeacekeeping;buildingonthe

strengthofourpartnershipsandcommonpurposetoensure

thatUNpeacekeepingisfitforpurposeinthe21stcentury.

Werecognisethiscommonpurposeasthedrivingforce

behindoursuccessfuldiscussionsatthe2017UNPeace-

keepingDefenceMinisterial.Weappreciatethesupport

ofMemberStates,regionalorganisations,andtheUN

SecretariatintheleaduptotheVancouverMinisterial,

includingthethreepreparatoryconferencesconvenedin

Bangladesh,JapanandRwanda.Wefurtherappreciate

thesteadfastsupportoftheco-hostsoftheVancouverMin-

isterial,includingBangladesh,Ethiopia,Indonesia,Japan,

Netherlands,Pakistan,Rwanda,UnitedKingdom,United

StatesandUruguay.

Lastly,wecommendtheeffortsofMemberStatesin

advancingtheirpledgessince2014,andweencourageall

MemberStatestoensurethattheirpledgesareregistered

inthePeacekeepingCapabilityReadinessSystem.We

notethatpledgesmadeatthesehigh-levelconferences

aremakingadifferenceontheground,savinglives,and

improvingUNpeacekeeping.

TheVancouverCommuniquéhasbeenendorsedbythe

followingMemberStates:Argentina,Armenia,Australia,

Austria,Bangladesh,Belgium,Benin,Bhutan,Brazil,Cambo-

dia,Cameroon,Canada,Chile,China,Colombia,Croatia,

CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Ethiopia,Fiji,Finland,

France,Gambia,Germany,Ghana,Greece,Guatemala,

Hungary,Ireland,Italy,Japan,Kazakhstan,Kenya,Kyr-

gyzstan,Lithuania,Malaysia,Mexico,Morocco,Nepal,

Netherlands,NewZealand,Nigeria,Norway,Pakistan,Peru,

Philippines,Poland,Portugal,RepublicofKorea,Romania,

Rwanda,Senegal,Serbia,SierraLeone,SouthAfrica,Spain,

SriLanka,Sweden,Thailand,Uganda,Ukraine,United

RepublicofTanzania,UnitedStates,UnitedKingdom,

Vietnam,andZambia.


17ANNEX C VANCOUVER PRINCIPLES



TheVancouverPrinciplesareasetofpoliticalcommitments

madebymemberstatesregardingtraining,planning,and

theconductandcareoftheirownforces.Moreover,the

VancouverPrinciplestakeanassertivestanceonpreventing

childrecruitmentinthecontextofpeacekeepingoper-

ations,specificallywithregardtoearlywarningandthe

activepreventionofrecruitment.

TheVancouverPrincipleswerelaunchedonthemarginsof

theUNPeacekeepingDefenceMinisterialconferenceon

November 15, 2017.

TheVancouverPrinciplesareasfollows:

We,theMemberStatesendorsingtheVancouverPrinciples

onPeacekeepingandthePreventionoftheRecruitment

andUseofChildSoldiers,

Deeplyconcernedbythewidespreadrecruitmentanduse

ofchildreninsituationsofarmedconflictbyarmedforces

andarmedgroups,includingasfighters,cooks,porters,

messengers,spies,orforsexualpurposes,aswellasother

GraveViolationsagainstchildreninsituationsofarmed

conflict,

Reiteratingourstrongcommitmenttotheprotectionof

childrenaffectedbyarmedconflictandtoendingand

preventingGraveViolationsagainstchildren,

Recognizingthattherecruitmentanduseofchildrenare

prevalentinareasofcontemporarypeacekeeping

operations,andrecallingthatpeacekeepingcanplay

aroleinpreventingGraveViolationsagainstchildrenin

armedconflict,

RecognizingtheimportantstepstakenbytheUnited

Nations,MemberStates,civilsociety,andotherrelevant

actorstoaddresstherecruitmentanduseofchildsoldiers,

RecallingUnitedNationsSecurityCouncilresolutions1261

(1999),1314(2000),1379(2001),1460(2013),1539(2004),

1612(2005),1882(2009),1998(2011),2068(2012),2143

(2014),and2225(2015),

BuildinguponthesuccessoftheParisPrinciplesontheir

10thanniversaryandseekingtofurtherarticulatetheir

guidancetothepeacekeepingcontext,

Emphasizingtheneedtoprioritizeandoperationalizethe

preventionoftherecruitmentanduseofchildsoldiersin

areasofoperationofpeacekeeping,notingthecritical

roleofsuchpreventiontotheachievementofpeaceand

security,andtakingintoaccountthedifferentialimpactof

conflictongirlsandboys,

Herebypledge:

MANDATES1.Tostronglyencouragetheinclusionofappropriatechild

protectionprovisions,includingthepreventionofrecruit-

mentanduseofchildsoldiers,inallUnitedNationspeace-

keepingmandates,includingforregionalpeacekeeping

operations.

PLANNING2.Toprioritizethepreventionoftherecruitmentanduseof

childsoldiersinthestrategicandoperationalplanningofall

peacekeepingoperations.

ANNEXCVANCOUVERPRINCIPLESONPEACEKEEPINGANDTHEPREVENTIONOFTHERECRUITMENTANDUSEOFCHILDSOLDIERS


18 ANNEXCVANCOUVERPRINCIPLES



EARLYWARNING3.TosupportUnitedNationseffortstomonitor,report,

identify,andaddressearlywarningsignsoftherecruitment

anduseofchildsoldiers,recognizingthatsuchactscan

amounttowarcrimesandcanbeaprecursorofotherwar

crimes,includingattacksonciviliansandcivilianobjects,

crimesagainsthumanity,andgenocide.

CHILDPROTECTIONFOCALPOINTS4.Toappointchildprotectionfocalpointsthroughoutour

missioncommandstructures,bothmilitaryandpolice,

tosupportthedevelopmentofacommoninternational

standardendorsedbyparticipatingnationsandtheUnited

Nationsfortrainingandcertificationofsuchfocalpoints,

andtoenableandencourageactivecommunication,

coordination,andcooperationbetweensuchfocalpoints

andcivilianChildProtectionAdvisorsaswellasotherchild

protectionactors.

TRAINING5.Toensurethatallourpeacekeepersreceivetrainingon

childprotectionpriortotheirdeploymenttopeacekeeping

operationsandtointegratethepreventionoftherecruit-

mentanduseofchildsoldiers,aswellasclearguidance

regardinginteractionswithchildrenassociatedwitharmed

forcesorarmedgroups,withinourpeacekeepers’training,

education,anddoctrinetoacommonagreedinternational

standardendorsedbytheUnitedNations,andtoundertake

regularreviewsofsuchtraininganddoctrinetoensureits

effectiveness.

MONITORINGANDREPORTING6.Totakestepstoensureourpeacekeepersreportincidents

ofGraveViolationsagainstchildreninsituationsofarmed

conflict,includingtherecruitmentanduseofchildren,to

UnitedNationsChildProtectionAdvisersorthroughthe

appropriatechannelsestablishedinpeacekeepingoper-

ations,andtoincludesuchmonitoringandaccountability

measureswithinournationalmissionmandateandpeace-

keepingtraining.

PROTECTIONANDCAREOFCHILDREN7.Totakeproactivemeasurestoensurethatallchildren,

includingthoseassociatedwitharmedforcesandarmed

groups,whocomeintocontactwithourpeacekeepers

duringpeacekeepingoperationsaretreatedinaccor-

dancewithinternationalhumanitarianlawandapplicable

internationalhumanrightslaw,withspecialconsiderationof

theirstatusaschildren,andareprotectedagainstviolations

ofinternationalhumanitarianlawandapplicableinterna-

tionalhumanrightslaw,andthatanyrequirementsforthe

careandaidofsuchchildrenareappropriatelyaddressed

andcommunicatedtoHeadsofMissionsandthemilitary

chainofcommandinthemostexpeditiousmannerpossible

inthecircumstances.

PREVENTION8.Toacteffectivelyinresponsetocredibleinformation,and

whereauthorizedbythemissionmandateandourrulesof

engagement,toprotectchildrenatriskofrecruitmentor

useaschildsoldiersandotherGraveViolations.

DETENTION9.Toensurethatallchildrenapprehendedand/ortempo-

rarilydetainedinaccordancewithmission-specificmilitary

rulesofengagementaretreatedinamannerconsistent

withinternationalnormsandstandards,aswellasthespe-

cialstatus,needs,andrightsofchildrenandtoensurethat

detentionisusedasameasureoflastresort,fortheshortest

possibleperiodoftime,andwiththebestinterestsofthe


19ANNEX C VANCOUVER PRINCIPLES



MENTALHEALTH13.Toactivelypromoteandsupportresearchonthe

traumaexperiencedbypersonnelconfrontingchildsoldiers

andinteractingwithchildrenaffectedbyarmedconflict,

andtoprovideappropriatepre-deploymentpreparation,

aswellasmentalhealthsupportduringandpost-

deployment.

PEACEPROCESSES14.Tosupporttheinclusionofchildprotectionprovisions

withinthetermsofpeaceprocesses,peaceagreements,

andpost-conflictrecoveryandreconstructionefforts,

notingtheuniquevulnerabilityandprotectionneedsof

children,theimportanceoftheirrehabilitationand

reintegrationintotheircommunities,andtheurgentneed

topreventandendtherecruitmentanduseofchildsoldiers

toachievelastingandsustainablepeace.

SANCTIONS15.Tosupporttheinclusionofchildrecruitmentanduseas

adesignationcriterioninUnitedNationssanctionsregimes

aimedatsupportingthepoliticalsettlementofconflictsin

thecontextofpeaceoperations.

BESTPRACTICES16.TosharewithotherMemberStatesandtheUnited

Nationsbestpracticesandlessonslearnedonthe

preventionoftherecruitmentanduseofchildsoldiersin

thecontextofpeacekeeping.

FURTHERGUIDANCE17.Andinthisregardlookforwardtothedevelopment,in

consultationwithMemberStates,theUnitedNations,and

childprotectionactors,ofoperationalguidanceforthe

implementationofthesePrinciples.

FURTHERINFORMATIONFurtherinformationaboutthe2017Peacekeeping

Ministerialmaybefoundatthefollowingaddress:https://

www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/

campaigns/peacekeeping-defence-ministerial.html

childasaprimaryconsideration,andthattheyarehanded

overexpeditiouslytochildprotectionactorsandcivilianau-

thoritiesinlinewiththeestablishedpoliciesandguidance.

CONDUCTANDDISCIPLINE10.Toholdourownpersonneltothehigheststandardof

conduct,andtovigorouslyandtransparentlyinvestigate

andprosecute,whereappropriateandinaccordancewith

applicablenationallaw,orotherwisefullycooperatewith

thecompetentauthority,anyincidentsofallegedabuse

againstchildren–includingsexualexploitationandabuse–

byourpeacekeepers.

CONTRIBUTIONOFWOMEN11.Torecognizetheessentialcontributionofwomento

peacekeepingoperationaleffectiveness,andthedistinct

andcriticalrolesofbothmenandwomenintheprotection

ofchildrenandthepreventionoftherecruitmentanduse

ofchildsoldiers.

DISARMAMENT,DEMOBILIZATION,AND REINTEGRATION(DDR)12.Toensurethatchildsoldiersareincludedasapriorityin

theplanningandexecutionofallUnitedNationssupported

disarmament,demobilization,reintegration,and,where

appropriate,repatriationefforts,takingintoaccounttheir

specificneeds,includingthosebasedongender,age,and

otheridentityfactors,toassistintheirsuccessfultransitionto

normallife,andtopreventtheirre-recruitment.


20 REPORT



20COMPTE RENDU

Disclaimer: The views in this report are summarized and

paraphrased from proceedings and may not represent

the views of the Government of Canada

VancouverCanada

2017ONU VancouverCanada

2017Réunion des ministres de la Défense

MAINTIEN DE LA PAIX

Avertissement : Les points de vue exposés dans le présent rapport sont

des résumés et paraphrases du contenu des débats, et ne reflètent pas

nécessairement les opinions du gouvernement du Canada.

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