Deep Drilling Problems - Maurer Engineering · 2015-11-05 · Deep Drilling Problems DOE Deep Trek...
Transcript of Deep Drilling Problems - Maurer Engineering · 2015-11-05 · Deep Drilling Problems DOE Deep Trek...
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A Noble Drilling Corporation Subsidiary
TT01-26 1
Deep Drilling Problems
DOE Deep Trek Workshop Houston, TX
March 20, 2001
Dr. William C. Maurer
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TT01-26 2
Deep Well Drilling Time Breakdown (GRI Report, 1990)
TRIPPING
21.88%
CONDITION MUD
5.19%
REAMING
2.50%
DRILLING
48.45%
BOP
3.40%
WAIT TIME
2.70%
TESTING &
LOGGING
6.79%
TROUBLE TIME
4.00%
RUNNING
CASING
5.09%
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TT01-26 3
Deep Drilling Concept Rankings (GRI Report, 1990)
PDC/TSD Bits
Slim Holes
Roller Cone Bits
Down Hole Motors
Top Drives
Coiled Tubing
Optimized Drilling
MWD Equipment
Automated Rig
High Pressure Jets
Casing While Drilling
Explosive Drills
Thermal Drills
Drilling Concept Ranking
31.10
30.98
29.58
28.20
28.13
27.70
26.45
25.48
23.70
21.03
18.30
13.70
11.53
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TT01-26 4
Deep Well Drilling/Completion Problems
Problem
Low drilling rates
Short bit life
Slow trips
High casing costs
Motor failures
MWD failures
High drilling cost
Casing wear
Hard rock, chip hold-down
Abrasive rock, impact loading
Deep wells
Multiple strings, deep wells
High temperature
Vibrations, high temp
Large rig, low ROP, casing
Long drilling time
Cause
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TT01-26 5
Deep Well Drilling/Completion Problems (Cont.)
Problem
Mud thermal degradation
High mud ECDs
Poor cement bond
Lost circulation
Cementing liners
Packer failures
Corrosion
Underbalanced Drilling
>3500F
Small holes, long intervals
Poor mud displacement
High cement density
Sealing lap joints
Small diameter, high temp
High Temp, CO2, H2S
Gas compressibility
Cause
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TT01-26 6
High-Power Motor
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TT01-26 7
DOE High-Power Motor Design
Stronger Bearings and Shaft
Increased Rotor/Stator Interference
Additional Stages
Stronger Universal
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TT01-26 8
DOE Motor In Dynamometer
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TT01-26 9
Motor Performance Comparison
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Differential Pressure (psi)
Ho
rse
po
we
r
DOE
Motor
Conventional
Motor
Size: 3-3/8" Motors Rotor/Stator: 4:5 Flow: 110 gpm
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TT01-26 10
Laboratory Drilling Rates DOE Slim Hole System
25
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Conventional DOE Motor
Dri
llin
g R
ate
(ft
/h
r)
Motor
Carthage Marble 3 3/8” Motors 110 GPM
4 3/4” Bit
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TT01-26 11
Hybrid PDC/TSP Bits
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TT01-26 12
DOE Hybrid TSP/PDC Bit
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TT01-26 13
Drilling Rates
97
890
1380
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Roller TSP PDC
Leuders Limestone
3 in. Bits 10,000 WOB 800 rpm 60 gpm
Atmospheric
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TT01-26 14
Cutter Wear Volume vs. Rock Volume Removed 20 rpm, water cooled, Sierra White Granite,
0.06 in. DOC, 0.08 in/rev feed rate
8000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 2000 4000 6000 10000 Rock Volume Removed (cc)
Wea
r V
olu
me
(mm
3)
PDC
TSP
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TT01-26 15
Catoosa Test Site
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TT01-26 16
DOE Motor In Derrick
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TT01-26 17
Attaching Hybrid Bit to DOE Motor
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TT01-26 18
Hybrid Bit After Drilling “The Wall”
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TT01-26 19
Field Drilling Rates
23
48
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Conventional DOE Motor
Drilli
ng R
ate
(ft
/hr)
• 3 3/8” Motor
• 4 3/4” Bit
• Dolomite
• 1600-1900 ft
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TT01-26 20
Comparison to Offset Wells
2098
946.31078
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Offset 1 Offset 2 Hybrid
Footage Drilled/Bit
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TT01-26 21
High Power Geared Turbodrill
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TT01-26 22
Advanced Geothermal Turbodrill (AGT)
Bearing Pack Speed Reducer Turbine
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TT01-26 23
Blade
Movement
Rotor Blading
Stator
Turbodrill Blade Schematic
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TT01-26 24
Turbodrill Blade Schematic
Turbine Shaft
Stator Blading
Turbine Blading
Housing
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TT01-26 25
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TT01-26 26
Planet Gears Sun Gear
Ring Gear
Planetary Gears
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TT01-26 27
VECTOR OIL TOOL Speed Reducer Shafts and Gears
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TT01-26 28
7500
900
85
1100
Rotary Speed Torque
With Gear Box
Without Gear Box
(RPM) (ft-lbs)
Turbodrill Performance
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TT01-26 29
Turbodrill Drill Stand
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TT01-26 30
Drilled Rock Sample
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TT01-26 31
12 1/4” Carbide Roller Bit Texas Pink Granite
42 45
92
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Rotary LANL AGTTurbodrill Turbodrill
Drilli
ng R
ate
(ft
/hr)
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TT01-26 32
Advanced Geothermal Turbodrill (AGT) Field Test
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TT01-26 33
Christensen Bit
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TT01-26 35
Peak Drilling Rates
76
207
0
50
100
150
200
250
Conventional TUBODRILL
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TT01-26 36
Geothermal Multi-Lateral Well
Natural Fractures
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TT01-26 37
Deep Well Lightweight Mud
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TT01-26 38
Lightweight Mud
LIGHT WEIGHT
MUD MUD HOLLOW SPHERES
5.84 ppg 8.5 ppg 3.17 ppg
0.70 S.G. 1.02 S.G. 0.38 S.G.
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TT01-26 39
Glass Beads
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TT01-26 40
Particle Sizes in Unweighted, Water-Based Mud
(After Bourgoyne Jr. et al, 1986)
.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10,000
SILT FINE SAND
COARSE SAND
GRAVEL
200
100
60
20
MESH
Solid
s Perc
enta
ge
MICRONS
Bentonite Small Hollow Spheres
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TT01-26 41
Golden State Drilling Rig Mud System
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TT01-26 42
Mud Returns
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TT01-26 43
Lightweight Cement
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TT01-26 44
Foam Cement Photomicrograph
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TT01-26 45
Lightweight Cement
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TT01-26 47
Lightweight Cement Compressive Strengths
Class H Cement
6 8 10 12 14
400
800
1200
1600
Com
pre
ssiv
e S
trength
(psi
)
Slurry Density (Lb/Gal)
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TT01-26 48
6
10-1
10-0
101
102
103
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Density (Lb/Gal) *NMF = No Measurable Flow
Wate
r Perm
eabili
ty (
md)
220
0F -
48 H
ours
Base: Class H Cement + 0.1% Diacel LWL, 5.2 gal water/sk; 15.6 lb/gal
Foam: 1.5% Halliburton Foam Additive +
0.75% Halliburton Foam Stabilizer
Foamed and Cured at 1000 psi N2
Lightweight Cement Water Permeabilities
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TT01-26 49
High Pressure CT Jet Drill
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TT01-26 50
High Pressure Drilling Mechanism
Bit
Jets PDC Cutter
Rock Ledges
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TT01-26 51
10,000 psi
High Pressure Motor
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TT01-26 52
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TT01-26 53
CT High Pressure Jet Drilling Rate
150
300
1600
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Rotary Conventional High Pressure
Dri
llin
g R
ate
Motor Motor
Red Sandstone 3-1/8” Bit
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TT01-26 56 C
em
en
t
Drillpipe or Casing
High Pressure Jets
Drilling Cement
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Tubing Filled With Cement
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Tubing After Drilling Cement
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Cement Drilling Rates
60
1200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Conventional High Pressure
Ce
me
nt
Dri
llin
g R
ate
s (
ft/h
r)
Motor Motor
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Barite Scale
High Pressure Jets
Tubing Barite Scale Removal
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Advanced Coring System
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Advanced Coring System
Mud Pulse Telemetry
Real-Time Core Height Measurement
Full Closure Valve
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Real-Time Core Height Measurement
Control Electronics
Receiver
Transmitter
Inner Barrel
Core
Core Bit
Outer Barrel
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Mud Pulse Telemetry
Safety Joint
Thrust Bearing
Pulser
Flow Restrictors
Control Electronics
Receiver
Inner Barrel
Outer Barrel
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Formations Grains
Mud Particles
Mud Filtrate
Mu
d F
low
Mu
d F
low
A
nn
ulu
s
Dri
ll P
ipe
Fluid
Formation Damage Mechanism
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Mud Tank
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Centrifuge Test
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Desilter Tests
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Pulser Assembly
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MWD Pressure TransducerMWD Pressure Transducer
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ACS MWD Surface Processor
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Pressure Pulse Encoding Patterns for Various Core Heights
1 SEC
2’ 2’ 2’ 2’ 2’ 2’
CORE HEIGHT = 5’
CORE HEIGHT = 10’
CORE HEIGHT = 20’
CORE HEIGHT = 60’
130 FSI
2’