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Disruptive Technologies,Between Hypes & Opportunities:

VoIP P2P & Broadband Wireless

Maurizio Dècina, Politecnico di Milano

1

Topics

Convergence & Internet Telephony

Peer-to-Peer Telephony• Skype

Broadband Wireless Technology• WiMAX, MobileFi

M. Dècina for ThinkTel, October 2005

2


Convergence

CommunicationsConvergence

Broadcast to UnicastConvergence

Fixed to MobileConvergence

Source: M. Dècina, 2004

TelephonyInternet Phones

ASP VoIP, P2PCarrier Phones

NGN VoIP

Wireless PhonesWi-Fi VoIP, FMC


3

Telephony/Internet Transition - 2002-2012

SIPSS-7

packetscircuits

SIGNALLING

MEDIAGATEWAYS

@ Mid Transition2007

3 Billion+Wired & Wireless

Telephone Users

2 Billion+Wired & Wireless

Internet Users

SOFTSWITCH

Next GenerationInternetIP v6

POTS, ISDN, GSM, UMTS,..

POTS, ISDN, DSL, FFTx,…UMTS,.WiFi,.WiMAX..

Source: M. Dècina, 2002M. Dècina for ThinkTel, October 2005

4

IP Networks

Evolution of Telephony Technology

1900 - …

1995

2000

2005

Peer-To-Peer Systems

Internet Telephony“Voice over IP”

Voice over IPPeer-To-Peer

Plain Old Telephony Service

&ISDN

IP Networking

? ?

Legacy Networks


5

New Regulatory Framework & FCC rules

Source: Ovum & Indepen, 2005

No ex anteMajorDebate

No ex anteUse NRF • VoIP @ border /• Fixed NGN @ &• Mobile NGN @ &• Fixed Mobile Integration mainly @

Market/Services

Infr

astr

uctu

re

Established Emerging

Lega

cyN

ew

On August 5, 2005, FCC specified that interconnected VOIP providers (i.e. VoIP providers that interconnect with the PSTN) have to be considered

“Telecommunication Carriers under CALEA” and then must facilitate wire taps (legal interception) within 18 months


6

From Client-Server VoIP, to Peer-to-Peer VoIP

xDSLFTTH

FTTH

xDSL

Internet

PSTN

P2PGW

SIP based VoIPClient-ServerNeed of centralized servers for user registration and call handling

Peer-to-PeerOverlay Network

No centralized servers

xDSLFTTH

HAG

Internet

VoipSP

SIPServer

PSTNMediaGW

xDSL

Telco VoIP Model

P2P VoIP Model


7

Peer-to-Peer Telephony: Skype

September 2005

• September 12, 2005 – eBay Inc. hasagreed to acquire Skype Technologies forapproximately $2.6 billion, plus potential performance-based consideration

• 55 M users, 170 M dowloads • Proprietary SW and protocol, POTS quality,

strong privacy• Free PC-to-PC calls• 1.2 M users of “SkypeOut”: PC-to-Phone• “SkypeIn” & “Voicemail”


8

Skype - Networking Architecture

Super Nodes- They are established after acceptance test by Skype-They have public IP address-They offer storage, processing& bandwidth

-Each Serves 100s Peer Nodes-They route encrypted calls-They execute “NAT” of private IP addresses-They exploit p2p protocol

Peer

Peer Peer Peer

Peer

Peer

Peer

Peer PeerPeer

Peer

SuperNode

SuperNode

SuperNode

SuperNode

LoginServer

PSTNGW

PSTN/PLMN


9

Skype Worldwide On-line Users (1 week plot)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

00.00

06.00

12.00

18.00

00.00

06.00

12.00

18.00

00.03

06.00

12.00

18.00

00.00

06.00

12.00

18.00

00.00

06.00

12.00

18.00

00.00

06.00

12.00

18.00

00.00

06.00

12.00

18.00

Thou

sand

s of

Time of Day (GMT+1)

On-

line

user

s

monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday sunday

Most of the Skype users are connected from their working site

-30%�

Source: ICT Consulting, E-Sept. 2005

week-end slope down


10

Skype Worldwide Maps

Peer Map by World Region

(Estimated by “ICT Consulting”super-node on 22nd of August, 2005)

User Map by World Region

(reported by http://eurotelcoblog.blogspot.comreferring official data received from Niklas Zennstrom)

Africa4%

Asia0% Australia

3%

Europe47%

FarEast24%

MiddleEast3%

NorthAmerica9%

SouthAmerica10%

Middle East

Europe52%

Far East22%

3%

North America14%

South America7%

Australia2%


11

Skype Worldwide On-line Users - 3Q 2005


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Thou

sand

s of

Week #

On-

line

user

s

+22.5%

July August September

About 17.2M estimated active users at end of Semptember


12

Skype Served Traffic Minutes - 3Q 2005


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

Mili

ons

Week #

Serv

ed T

raffi

c pe

r wee

k +32.1%

July August September


13

Skype – Growth Limits

To offer “acceptable” voice QoS, Skype exploits today two types of charge-free Resources• Super Nodes Resources • Residual free Bandwidth on Internet Backbones

Skype has serious limitations to grow by keeping the above free assets. Today (September 2005) Skype manages about 1-2 million of simultaneous telephone calls in the Internet. Each Super Node routes about one hundred encrypted calls.

If the number of calls grows, Skype will be forced to• Route and pay for QoS (especially, delay) guaranteed Internet routes (i.e.,

IP/MPLS routes)• Give very stringent performance requirement to establish Super Nodes,

and/or provide for powerful Skype owned Super Nodes (i.e., network Routers/Gateways)

Another important Issue about Skype is Legal Interception CapabilityM. Dècina for ThinkTel, October 2005

14

VoIP Future - Who’s Going to Risk?• VoIP will wipe out old telephony• Voice revenues will shrink dramatically• Questions are:

how long will it take?who’s going to risk more?which strategy for Telco’s?

Telco’s

Media Co’s Internet Co’s

ESPN

Comcast

BBC

CNNGoogle

eBay

Amazon

MSN

Skype

TelecomItalia

BTFTVodafone

H3G

Vonage

Sky

Yahoo!AOL

TimeWarner

Qwest VerizonBellSouth

Telefonica DT


Sour

ce:

The

Econ

omis

t,20

05

15

Telco’s Moving to “New Wave Business”

Telco's• Need to accelerate network

transition to IP technology: the NGN platform

• Need to accelerate creation of Fixed to Mobile Platform & Market Convergence

• Need to enhance capacity to supply networked IT and Value Added Services (a lá BT’s “New Wave Business”)

• Need to prepare for new business models, partnerships and acquisitions, to leverage value of their access & interconnection infrastructures, in the value chain for delivery of networked services to the end user

TelecomTelecom

MediaMedia InternetInternet

From October 3, until December 31, 2005, calls to 30 popular

international destinations with BT Communicator, such as the United

States, Australia, Spain and France will cost just 0.5p a minute. A 60 minute call to a US landline, which would cost 72p with Skype,

would cost only 30p with BT.


16

BT in search of New Wave Revenues: Q1 05/06

Q1 2005/6+ 69% + 45%+ 28%+ 19%

Q1 2004/5

Networked IT services

Mobility

Broadband

Other + £118m

+ £128m + £12m+ £33m + 31%*

£m

£936

m

£1,2

27 m

Q1 2005/6+ 69% + 45%+ 28%+ 19%

Q1 2004/5

Networked IT services

Mobility

Broadband

Other + £118m

+ £128m + £12m+ £33m + 31%*

£m

£936

m

£1,2

27 m

Q1 2005/6 - New wave – strong organic growth

Networked IT servicesSales Order Value of contracts

2004/5 2005/6

£8.2

bn

£m 2004/5 2005/6

£8.2

bn£8

.2bn

£m

£bn + 5%

New wave

Traditional

+ 48%

- 3% *

£bn + 5%

New wave

Traditional

+ 48%

- 3% *

Q1 2005/6 - Group turnover

Source: BT, July 28, 2005


17

Topics


Peer-to-Peer Telephony• Skype

Broadband Wireless Technology• WiMAX, MobileFi


18

Evolving Wireless Communications

SourceSource: M. D: M. Dèècina, 2004cina, 2004

MobileFiMobileFi802.20802.20

UMTSUMTS

10 kbit/s10 kbit/s 100 kbit/s100 kbit/s 1 Mbit/s1 Mbit/s 10 Mbit/s10 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s100 Mbit/s

UltraWideBandUltraWideBand802.15.3802.15.3BluetoothBluetooth

802.15.1802.15.1

1 Gbit/s1 Gbit/s

ZigBeeZigBee802.15.4802.15.4

EDGEEDGEGPRSGPRSGSMGSM

1 kbit/s1 kbit/s

CABLECABLEREPLACEMENTREPLACEMENT

HOME, OFFICEHOME, OFFICE

PUBLIC ACCESSPUBLIC ACCESS

CITY,CITY,SUBURBSSUBURBS

COUNTRY,COUNTRY,REGIONREGION

WIDEWIDE

Rang

eRa

nge

Bit RateBit Rate

EDEDED HSDPA/HSDPA/HSUPAHSUPA

PANPAN

WLANWLAN

WMANWMAN

WANWAN

WiWi--FiFi802.11b802.11b 802.11a/g/n802.11a/g/n

WiMAXWiMAX802.16a/e802.16a/e

LIMITED

LIMITED

FULL

FULL

Mobility

Mobility

SourceSource: M. D: M. Dèècina, 2004cina, 2004

MobileFiMobileFi802.20802.20

UMTSUMTS

10 kbit/s10 kbit/s 100 kbit/s100 kbit/s 1 Mbit/s1 Mbit/s 10 Mbit/s10 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s100 Mbit/s

UltraWideBandUltraWideBand802.15.3802.15.3BluetoothBluetooth

802.15.1802.15.1

1 Gbit/s1 Gbit/s

ZigBeeZigBee802.15.4802.15.4

EDGEEDGEGPRSGPRSGSMGSM

1 kbit/s1 kbit/s

CABLECABLEREPLACEMENTREPLACEMENT

HOME, OFFICEHOME, OFFICE

PUBLIC ACCESSPUBLIC ACCESS

CITY,CITY,SUBURBSSUBURBS

COUNTRY,COUNTRY,REGIONREGION

WIDEWIDE

Rang

eRa

nge

Bit RateBit Rate

EDEDED HSDPA/HSDPA/HSUPAHSUPA

PANPAN

WLANWLAN

WMANWMAN

WANWAN

WiWi--FiFi802.11b802.11b 802.11a/g/n802.11a/g/n

WiMAXWiMAX802.16a/e802.16a/e

LIMITED

LIMITED

FULL

FULL

Mobility

Mobility


19

Indoor/Outdoor Coverage: WiFi plus WiMAX

Public Hot-SpotsCorporate Hot-Spots

ResidentialHot-Spots

The InternetThe Internet

Nomadic Hot-Spots

WLL or WiMAX

WiMAX

WiFi

Personal Hot-Spot

Source: Siemens Communications, 2005

Public Hot-SpotsCorporate Hot-Spots

ResidentialHot-Spots

The InternetThe Internet

Nomadic Hot-Spots

WLL or WiMAX

WiMAX

WiFi

WLL or WiMAX

WiMAX

WiFi

Personal Hot-Spot

Source: Siemens Communications, 2005


20

WiMAX Spectrum Allocation

US WCS 2305-2320 2345-2360

ISM (WiFi): 2400-2480

MMDS 2500-2690 2700-2900

3300-3400

3,5 GHz3400-3600

3600-4200

5GHz –A 5150-5350

5GHz –B 5370-5725

5GHz –C 5725-5850

Unlicensed Bands

WiMAXavailable

Other bands

Source: WiMAX Forum, 2004


21

Indoor/Outdoor Coverage: NLOS at 3.5GHz


22

WiMAX Technology802.16 – 2004 802.16e

Standard availability 2H 2004 By end 2005

< 6 GHz (licensed & unl.)

NLOS

Up to 15 Mbit/s in 5 MHz channels

2-10 Mbps (estimated)

S-OFDMA up to 2048 tones, adaptive

Mobile (Handover – up to 120 Km/h)

Scalable from 1.5 to 14 MHz

2 - 5 km

Yes, 4 classes

Spectrum <11 GHz, 10-66 GHz (licensed and unl.)

LOS / NLOS LOS/NLOS

Typical throughput 8-20 Mbps in 3,5-7 MHz

Mobility Fixed or nomadic

Max Cell radius 1-2Km (IND), 4-10Km (NLOS), 50Km (LOS)

QoS Yes, 4 classes

Max Data rate (PHY)

Up to 75 Mbit/s in 20 MHz channels

Modulation OFDM 256 tones, adaptive

Channels Scalable from 1.5 to 20 MHz

b)Fonte: WiMAX Forum

a)

Using an external antenna and a 7MHz FDD channel at 3.5 GHz, an 11 Mbit/s average

throughput per sector is estimated. In NLOS environment the throughput

decreases to 8 Mbit/s.

standard

enhanced

Coverage @3.5 GHz


23

Intel’s 802.16x ST Chipset Roadmap

2006200620052005

CPEN

otebookH

andheld

20042004 20072007

Eshel-RMultiband

EshelWiMAX+WiFi

802.16 BB/MACSOFDMA

Lower Power

Rosedale802.16 BB/MAC

256OFDM (SOFDMA in Q1’05)

33rdrd PartyParty2.5, 3.5 & 5.8GHz2.5, 3.5 & 5.8GHz

RadioRadio’’ss

ESQ3’04

PRQQ1’05

PRQQ1’06

Ofer-RMultiband

[2.5,3.5,5.8]

Ofer-M802.16 BB/MAC

SOFDMA3rd 3rd

PartyPartyRadioRadio

ss

ESQ3’05

Integrated withinCentrinoIntegrated withinCentrinoPortable / MobilePortable / Mobile

External Device or maybe External Device or maybe PCMCIA CardPCMCIA Card

Nomadic, Nomadic, No HandOver: PortableNo HandOver: Portable

Indoor/outdoor STIndoor/outdoor STFixed/Nomadic Appl.Fixed/Nomadic Appl.

Source: Intel, 2005

2006200620052005

CPEN

otebookH

andheld

20042004 20072007

Eshel-RMultiband

EshelWiMAX+WiFi

802.16 BB/MACSOFDMA

Lower Power

Eshel-RMultibandEshel-RMultiband

EshelWiMAX+WiFi

802.16 BB/MACSOFDMA

Lower Power

EshelWiMAX+WiFi

802.16 BB/MACSOFDMA

Lower Power




RadioRadio’’ss

ESQ3’04

PRQQ1’05






RadioRadio’’ss

ESQ3’04

PRQQ1’05

PRQQ1’06

Ofer-RMultiband

[2.5,3.5,5.8]

Ofer-M802.16 BB/MAC

SOFDMA3rd 3rd


ss

ESQ3’05

PRQQ1’06

Ofer-RMultiband

[2.5,3.5,5.8]

Ofer-RMultiband

[2.5,3.5,5.8]

Ofer-M802.16 BB/MAC

SOFDMA

Ofer-M802.16 BB/MAC

SOFDMA3rd 3rd


ss

ESQ3’05

Integrated withinCentrinoIntegrated withinCentrinoPortable / MobilePortable / Mobile

External Device or maybe External Device or maybe PCMCIA CardPCMCIA Card

Nomadic, Nomadic, No HandOver: PortableNo HandOver: Portable

Indoor/outdoor STIndoor/outdoor STFixed/Nomadic Appl.Fixed/Nomadic Appl.

Source: Intel, 2005


24

MobileFi TechnologyFlash-OFDM (Fast Low latency Access with Seamless Handoff-OFDM): custom technology developed by Flarion (Flarion acquisition by Qualcomm in progress) pushed to be standardised within Working Group IEEE 802.20 (MobileFi)OFDM modulationFrequency from 400 MHz to 3,5 GHzUp to more than 250km/h (300?)Interesting deployments in the 450MHz band• Good propagation: better

coverage• 1.25 MHz channels, max

downlink throughput: 3.2Mbit/s (typical 1-2Mbit/s)

• Analog cellular network licenses

Licensed band - 450 MHz


25

IMS Architecture: WiFi/WiMAX Integration

UMTS

WLAN/

WMAN

GSM/GPRS

IPInternet

PSTN

…

IP

MSC HLR

MGW

MRF HSS

MGW

Applications &Services

GGSN

GGSNSGSN

SGSN

IP Multimedia Subsystem

Packet SwitchedDomain

Circuit SwitchedDomain

MGCF

CSCF

IMS = IP Multimedia SubsystemM. Dècina for ThinkTel, October 2005

26

Fixed to Mobile Convergence Modelsbased on Dual Mode Terminals (Wi-Fi-WiMAX/2G-3G)

Source: ICT Consulting, 2004

Wireless centric Wireline centric

Nom

adic

Site

bas

ed

Single Mobile Number

Single Mobile Number

Double Numbers (Fixed/Mobile)

Single SIP ID

MOBILE

FIXEDUNC

MOBILE

FIXEDUNC

MOBILE

PBX

Mobility/LCR Manager

FIXEDFMC agent

MOBILE

PBX


FIXEDFMC agent

MOBILE

PBX


FIXEDFMC agent

PBX

MOBILE

FIXED


PBX

MOBILE

FIXED


MOBILE

FIXED


MOBILE

FIXED


MOBILE

FIXED

SIPProvider

SIPProvider

MOBILE

FIXED

SCCAN (Seamless Converged Communication Across Networks) UMA (Unlicensed Mobile Access)

Longboard,BridgePort, Outsmart,…

Norwood,...

IMS

SCCAN Breakout

UMA


27

Summary

Peer-to-Peer Telephony is a Threat to Telco's Business?• Cannot “scale” without Quality of Service provisioning by

Telco's/ISPs• It Accelerates the Voice Revenues Decline• It urges Telco's to accelerate provision of Full IP Platform &

Convergent Services (Fixed & Mobile)

Broadband Wireless Technology (WiFi, WiMAX & MobileFi), is a Threat to Telco's Business?• Can be used to create competing Full Mobility IP Wireless

Networks• Telco's are urged to accelerate integration of Broadband Wireless

Access in their Fixed & Mobile 2G/3G Infrastructures• Incorporation of heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks offers

new attractive Convergent Service opportunities to Telco's


Decina voip p2p&broadband wireless. · ThinkTel™ – C.so Venezia 34/36 – 20121 Milano (Italy)...

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Transcript of Decina voip p2p&broadband wireless. · ThinkTel™ – C.so Venezia 34/36 – 20121 Milano (Italy)...